Topical Antifungals and Antibiotics
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Ceftazidime for Injection) PHARMACY BULK PACKAGE – NOT for DIRECT INFUSION
PRESCRIBING INFORMATION FORTAZ® (ceftazidime for injection) PHARMACY BULK PACKAGE – NOT FOR DIRECT INFUSION To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of FORTAZ and other antibacterial drugs, FORTAZ should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria. DESCRIPTION Ceftazidime is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, beta-lactam antibacterial drug for parenteral administration. It is the pentahydrate of pyridinium, 1-[[7-[[(2-amino-4 thiazolyl)[(1-carboxy-1-methylethoxy)imino]acetyl]amino]-2-carboxy-8-oxo-5-thia-1 azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-en-3-yl]methyl]-, hydroxide, inner salt, [6R-[6α,7β(Z)]]. It has the following structure: The molecular formula is C22H32N6O12S2, representing a molecular weight of 636.6. FORTAZ is a sterile, dry-powdered mixture of ceftazidime pentahydrate and sodium carbonate. The sodium carbonate at a concentration of 118 mg/g of ceftazidime activity has been admixed to facilitate dissolution. The total sodium content of the mixture is approximately 54 mg (2.3 mEq)/g of ceftazidime activity. The Pharmacy Bulk Package vial contains 709 mg of sodium carbonate. The sodium content is approximately 54 mg (2.3mEq) per gram of ceftazidime. FORTAZ in sterile crystalline form is supplied in Pharmacy Bulk Packages equivalent to 6g of anhydrous ceftazidime. The Pharmacy Bulk Package bottle is a container of sterile preparation for parenteral use that contains many single doses. The contents are intended for use in a pharmacy admixture program and are restricted to the preparation of admixtures for intravenous use. THE PHARMACY BULK PACKAGE IS NOT FOR DIRECT INFUSION, FURTHER DILUTION IS REQUIRED BEFORE USE. -
Antibiofilm Efficacy of Tea Tree Oil and of Its Main Component Terpinen-4-Ol Against Candida Albicans
ORIGINAL RESEARCH Periodontics Antibiofilm efficacy of tea tree oil and of its main component terpinen-4-ol against Candida albicans Renata Serignoli Abstract: Candida infection is an important cause of morbidity FRANCISCONI(a) and mortality in immunocompromised patients. The increase in its Patricia Milagros Maquera incidence has been associated with resistance to antimicrobial therapy HUACHO(a) and biofilm formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Caroline Coradi TONON(a) efficacy of tea tree oil (TTO) and its main component – terpinen-4-ol – Ester Alves Ferreira BORDINI(a) against resistant Candida albicans strains (genotypes A and B) identified by molecular typing and against C. albicans ATCC 90028 and SC 5314 Marília Ferreira CORREIA(a) reference strains in planktonic and biofilm cultures. The minimum Janaína de Cássia Orlandi inhibitory concentration, minimum fungicidal concentration, and SARDI(b) rate of biofilm development were used to evaluate antifungal activity. Denise Madalena Palomari Results were obtained from analysis of the biofilm using the cell (a) SPOLIDORIO proliferation assay 2,3-Bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H- tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) and confocal laser scanning (a) Universidade Estadual Paulista – Unesp, microscopy (CLSM). Terpinen-4-ol and TTO inhibited C. albicans School of Dentistry of Araraquara, Department of Physiology and Pathology, growth. CLSM confirmed that 17.92 mg/mL of TTO and 8.86 mg/mL Araraquara, SP, Brazil of terpinen-4-ol applied for 60 s (rinse simulation) interfered with (b) Universidade Estadual de Campinas – biofilm formation. Hence, this in vitro study revealed that natural Unicamp, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, substances such as TTO and terpinen-4-ol present promising results Department of Physiological Sciences, for the treatment of oral candidiasis. -
Antifungals, Topical
Therapeutic Class Overview Antifungals, Topical INTRODUCTION The topical antifungals are available in multiple dosage forms and are indicated for a number of fungal infections and related conditions. In general, these agents are Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis, onychomycosis, seborrheic dermatitis, tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis, and tinea versicolor (Clinical Pharmacology 2018). The antifungals may be further classified into the following categories based upon their chemical structures: allylamines (naftifine, terbinafine [only available over the counter (OTC)]), azoles (clotrimazole, econazole, efinaconazole, ketoconazole, luliconazole, miconazole, oxiconazole, sertaconazole, sulconazole), benzylamines (butenafine), hydroxypyridones (ciclopirox), oxaborole (tavaborole), polyenes (nystatin), thiocarbamates (tolnaftate [no FDA-approved formulations]), and miscellaneous (undecylenic acid [no FDA-approved formulations]) (Micromedex 2018). The topical antifungals are available as single entity and/or combination products. Two combination products, nystatin/triamcinolone and Lotrisone (clotrimazole/betamethasone), contain an antifungal and a corticosteroid preparation. The corticosteroid helps to decrease inflammation and indirectly hasten healing time. The other combination product, Vusion (miconazole/zinc oxide/white petrolatum), contains an antifungal and zinc oxide. Zinc oxide acts as a skin protectant and mild astringent with weak antiseptic properties and helps to -
209627Orig1s000
CENTER FOR DRUG EVALUATION AND RESEARCH APPLICATION NUMBER: 209627Orig1s000 MULTI-DISCIPLINE REVIEW Summary Review Office Director Cross Discipline Team Leader Review Clinical Review Non-Clinical Review Statistical Review Clinical Pharmacology Review Reviewers of Multi-Disciplinary Review and Evaluation SECTIONS OFFICE/ AUTHORED/ ACKNOWLEDGED/ DISCIPLINE REVIEWER DIVISION APPROVED Mark Seggel, Ph.D. OPQ/ONDP/DNDP2 Authored: Section 4.2 Digitally signed by Mark R. Seggel -S CMC Lead DN: c=US, o=U.S. Government, ou=HHS, ou=FDA, ou=People, cn=Mark R. Signature: Mark R. Seggel -S Seggel -S, 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.1=1300071539 Date: 2018.08.08 16:29:15 -04'00' Frederic Moulin, DVM, PhD OND/ODE3/DBRUP Authored: Section 5 Pharmacology/ Digitally signed by Frederic Moulin -S Toxicology DN: c=US, o=U.S. Government, ou=HHS, ou=FDA, ou=People, Reviewer Signature: Frederic Moulin -S 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.1=2001708658, cn=Frederic Moulin -S Date: 2018.08.08 15:26:57 -04'00' Kimberly Hatfield, PhD OND/ODE3/DBRUP Approved: Section 5 Pharmacology/ Toxicology Digitally signed by Kimberly P. Hatfield -S DN: c=US, o=U.S. Government, ou=HHS, ou=FDA, ou=People, Team Leader Signature: Kimberly P. Hatfield -S 0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.1=1300387215, cn=Kimberly P. Hatfield -S Date: 2018.08.08 14:56:10 -04'00' Li Li, Ph.D. OCP/DCP3 Authored: Sections 6 and 17.3 Clinical Pharmacology Dig ta ly signed by Li Li S DN c=US o=U S Government ou=HHS ou=FDA ou=People Reviewer cn=Li Li S Signature: Li Li -S 0 9 2342 19200300 100 1 1=20005 08577 Date 2018 08 08 15 39 23 04'00' Doanh Tran, Ph.D. -
Antibiotic Use Guidelines for Companion Animal Practice (2Nd Edition) Iii
ii Antibiotic Use Guidelines for Companion Animal Practice (2nd edition) iii Antibiotic Use Guidelines for Companion Animal Practice, 2nd edition Publisher: Companion Animal Group, Danish Veterinary Association, Peter Bangs Vej 30, 2000 Frederiksberg Authors of the guidelines: Lisbeth Rem Jessen (University of Copenhagen) Peter Damborg (University of Copenhagen) Anette Spohr (Evidensia Faxe Animal Hospital) Sandra Goericke-Pesch (University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover) Rebecca Langhorn (University of Copenhagen) Geoffrey Houser (University of Copenhagen) Jakob Willesen (University of Copenhagen) Mette Schjærff (University of Copenhagen) Thomas Eriksen (University of Copenhagen) Tina Møller Sørensen (University of Copenhagen) Vibeke Frøkjær Jensen (DTU-VET) Flemming Obling (Greve) Luca Guardabassi (University of Copenhagen) Reproduction of extracts from these guidelines is only permitted in accordance with the agreement between the Ministry of Education and Copy-Dan. Danish copyright law restricts all other use without written permission of the publisher. Exception is granted for short excerpts for review purposes. iv Foreword The first edition of the Antibiotic Use Guidelines for Companion Animal Practice was published in autumn of 2012. The aim of the guidelines was to prevent increased antibiotic resistance. A questionnaire circulated to Danish veterinarians in 2015 (Jessen et al., DVT 10, 2016) indicated that the guidelines were well received, and particularly that active users had followed the recommendations. Despite a positive reception and the results of this survey, the actual quantity of antibiotics used is probably a better indicator of the effect of the first guidelines. Chapter two of these updated guidelines therefore details the pattern of developments in antibiotic use, as reported in DANMAP 2016 (www.danmap.org). -
Therapeutic Class Overview Antifungals, Topical
Therapeutic Class Overview Antifungals, Topical INTRODUCTION The topical antifungals are available in multiple dosage forms and are indicated for a number of fungal infections and related conditions. In general, these agents are Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved for the treatment of cutaneous candidiasis, onychomycosis, seborrheic dermatitis, tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis, and tinea versicolor (Clinical Pharmacology 2018). The antifungals may be further classified into the following categories based upon their chemical structures: allylamines (naftifine, terbinafine [only available over the counter (OTC)]), azoles (clotrimazole, econazole, efinaconazole, ketoconazole, luliconazole, miconazole, oxiconazole, sertaconazole, sulconazole), benzylamines (butenafine), hydroxypyridones (ciclopirox), oxaborole (tavaborole), polyenes (nystatin), thiocarbamates (tolnaftate [no FDA-approved formulations]), and miscellaneous (undecylenic acid [no FDA-approved formulations]) (Micromedex 2018). The topical antifungals are available as single entity and/or combination products. Two combination products, nystatin/triamcinolone and Lotrisone (clotrimazole/betamethasone), contain an antifungal and a corticosteroid preparation. The corticosteroid helps to decrease inflammation and indirectly hasten healing time. The other combination product, Vusion (miconazole/zinc oxide/white petrolatum), contains an antifungal and zinc oxide. Zinc oxide acts as a skin protectant and mild astringent with weak antiseptic properties and helps to -
Therapeutic Drug Class
BUREAU FOR MEDICAL SERVICES WEST VIRGINIA MEDICAID EFFECTIVE PREFERRED DRUG LIST WITH PRIOR AUTHORIZATION CRITERIA 07/01/13 This is not an all-inclusive list of available covered drugs and includes only managed categories. Refer to cover page for complete list of rules governing this PDL. Version 2013.3c Prior authorization for a non-preferred agent in any category will be given only if there has been a trial of the preferred brand/generic equivalent or preferred formulation of the active ingredient, at a therapeutic dose, that resulted in a partial response with a documented intolerance. Prior authorization of a non-preferred isomer, pro-drug, or metabolite will be considered with a trial of a preferred parent drug of the same chemical entity, at a therapeutic dose, that resulted in a partial response with documented intolerance or a previous trial and therapy failure, at a therapeutic dose, with a preferred drug of a different chemical entity indicated to treat the submitted diagnosis. (The required trial may be overridden when documented evidence is provided that the use of these preferred agent(s) would be medically contraindicated.) Unless otherwise specified, the listing of a particular brand or generic name includes all legend forms of that drug. OTC drugs are not covered unless specified. PA criteria for non-preferred agents apply in addition to general Drug Utilization Review policy that is in effect for the entire pharmacy program, including, but not limited to, appropriate dosing, duplication of therapy, etc. The use of pharmaceutical samples will not be considered when evaluating the members’ medical condition or prior prescription history for drugs that require prior authorization. -
NPTC-Formulary Brief Acne
Indian Health Service National Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee Formulary Brief: Treatment of Acne vulgaris -January 2020- Background: The Indian Health Service (IHS) National Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee (NPTC) reviewed the medical management of acne vulgaris at their January 2020 meeting. This review included topical therapies (retinoids, antibiotics, bactericidal and other anti-comedonal or anti-inflammatory agents) and oral therapies (antibiotics, isotretinoin, oral contraceptives, antiandrogens). Topical clindamycin, topical tretinoin, spironolactone, and combined estrogen-containing oral contraceptives are currently on the IHS National Core Formulary (NCF). Following clinical review, pharmacoeconomic evaluation and internal deliberation, the NPTC voted to ADD (1.) benzoyl peroxide (any topical formulation) and REPLACE topical clindamycin with (2.) combination clindamycin and benzoyl peroxide gel to the NCF. Discussion: Acne is the most common skin disorder in the United States (US), affecting 40-50 million persons of all ages. It can have significant sequelae from physical scarring, persistent hyperpigmentation, and psychological issues. Small studies focused on acne among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations suggest that the prevalence of acne is similar to other racial/ethnic groups in the US, but that the sequelae of scarring is significantly higher (55% in AI/AN vs. 3% among US white populations) and access to specialty care services is disproportionately low1. Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit involving increased sebum production by sebaceous glands, hyperkeratinization of the follicle, colonization of the follicle by Propionobacterium acnes, and an inflammatory reaction. Acne is manifested with both non-inflammatory (open and closed comedones) and inflammatory lesions (papules, pustules, and nodules). Inflammatory acne is graded as mild, moderate, or severe based on the frequency of the various inflammatory lesions. -
Impact of Retreatment with an Artemisinin-Based Combination On
Muhindo Mavoko et al. Trials 2013, 14:307 http://www.trialsjournal.com/content/14/1/307 TRIALS STUDY PROTOCOL Open Access Impact of retreatment with an artemisinin-based combination on malaria incidence and its potential selection of resistant strains: study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial Hypolite Muhindo Mavoko1*, Carolyn Nabasumba2, Halidou Tinto3, Umberto D’Alessandro4,5, Martin Peter Grobusch6, Pascal Lutumba1 and Jean-Pierre Van Geertruyden7 Abstract Background: Artemisinin-based combination therapy is currently recommended by the World Health Organization as first-line treatment of uncomplicated malaria. Recommendations were adapted in 2010 regarding rescue treatment in case of treatment failure. Instead of quinine monotherapy, it should be combined with an antibiotic with antimalarial properties; alternatively, another artemisinin-based combination therapy may be used. However, for informing these policy changes, no clear evidence is yet available. The need to provide the policy makers with hard data on the appropriate rescue therapy is obvious. We hypothesize that the efficacy of the same artemisinin- based combination therapy used as rescue treatment is as efficacious as quinine + clindamycin or an alternative artemisinin-based combination therapy, without the risk of selecting drug resistant strains. Design: We embed a randomized, open label, three-arm clinical trial in a longitudinal cohort design following up children with uncomplicated malaria until they are malaria parasite free for 4 weeks. The study is conducted in both the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda and performed in three steps. In the first step, the pre-randomized controlled trial (RCT) phase, children aged 12 to 59 months with uncomplicated malaria are treated with the recommended first-line drug and constitute a cohort that is passively followed up for 42 days. -
Clindamycin Plus Quinine for Treating Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Charles O Obonyo1* and Elizabeth a Juma1,2
Obonyo and Juma Malaria Journal 2012, 11:2 http://www.malariajournal.com/content/11/1/2 RESEARCH Open Access Clindamycin plus quinine for treating uncomplicated falciparum malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis Charles O Obonyo1* and Elizabeth A Juma1,2 Abstract Background: Artemisinin-based combinations are recommended for treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria, but are costly and in limited supply. Clindamycin plus quinine is an alternative non-artemisinin-based combination recommended by World Health Organization. The efficacy and safety of clindamycin plus quinine is not known. This systematic review aims to assess the efficacy of clindamycin plus quinine versus other anti-malarial drugs in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Methods: All randomized controlled trials comparing clindamycin plus quinine with other anti-malarial drugs in treating uncomplicated malaria were included in this systematic review. Databases searched included: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE and LILACS. Two authors independently assessed study eligibility, extracted data and assessed methodological quality. The primary outcome measure was treatment failure by day 28. Dichotomous data was compared using risk ratio (RR), in a fixed effects model. Results: Seven trials with 929 participants were included. Clindamycin plus quinine significantly reduced the risk of day 28 treatment failure compared with quinine (RR 0.14 [95% CI 0.07 to 0.29]), quinine plus sulphadoxine- pyrimethamine (RR 0.17 [95% CI 0.06 to 0.44]), amodiaquine (RR 0.11 [95% CI 0.04 to 0.27]), or chloroquine (RR 0.11 [95% CI 0.04 to 0.29]), but had similar efficacy compared with quinine plus tetracycline (RR 0.33 [95% CI 0.01 to 8.04]), quinine plus doxycycline (RR 1.00 [95% CI 0.21 to 4.66]), artesunate plus clindamycin (RR 0.57 [95% CI 0.26 to 1.24]), or chloroquine plus clindamycin (RR 0.38 [95% CI 0.13 to 1.10]). -
Antifungals, Topical
Antifungals, Topical Therapeutic Class Review (TCR) November 17, 2020 No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, digital scanning, or via any information storage or retrieval system without the express written consent of Magellan Rx Management. All requests for permission should be mailed to: Magellan Rx Management Attention: Legal Department 6950 Columbia Gateway Drive Columbia, Maryland 21046 The materials contained herein represent the opinions of the collective authors and editors and should not be construed to be the official representation of any professional organization or group, any state Pharmacy and Therapeutics committee, any state Medicaid Agency, or any other clinical committee. This material is not intended to be relied upon as medical advice for specific medical cases and nothing contained herein should be relied upon by any patient, medical professional or layperson seeking information about a specific course of treatment for a specific medical condition. All readers of this material are responsible for independently obtaining medical advice and guidance from their own physician and/or other medical professional in regard to the best course of treatment for their specific medical condition. This publication, inclusive of all forms contained herein, is intended to be educational in nature and is intended to be used for informational purposes only. Send comments and suggestions to [email protected]. November -
Evaluation of the Ability of a Novel Miconazole Formulation to Penetrate Nail by Using Three in Vitro Nail Models
CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS crossm Evaluation of the Ability of a Novel Downloaded from Miconazole Formulation To Penetrate Nail by Using Three In Vitro Nail Models Luisa Christensen,a,b Rob Turner,c Sean Weaver,c Francesco Caserta,c Lisa Long,a,b a,b c,d Mahmoud Ghannoum, Marc Brown http://aac.asm.org/ Center for Medical Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University,a and University Hospitals Case Medical Center,b Cleveland, Ohio, USA; MedPharm Ltd., Surrey Research Park, Guildford, United Kingdomc; TDDT, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdomd ABSTRACT In an effort to increase the efficacy of topical medications for treating onychomycosis, several new nail penetration enhancers were recently developed. In Received 2 December 2016 Returned for this study, the ability of 10% (wt/wt) miconazole nitrate combined with a penetra- modification 23 February 2017 Accepted 14 April 2017 tion enhancer formulation to permeate the nail is demonstrated by the use of a se- Accepted manuscript posted online 24 on August 2, 2017 by UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS OF CLEVELAND lection of in vitro nail penetration assays. These assays included the bovine hoof, April 2017 TurChub zone of inhibition, and infected-nail models. Citation Christensen L, Turner R, Weaver S, Caserta F, Long L, Ghannoum M, Brown M. KEYWORDS miconazole, onychomycosis, topical 2017. Evaluation of the ability of a novel miconazole formulation to penetrate nail by using three in vitro nail models. Antimicrob opical medications to treat tinea unguium have lacked efficacy (1, 2), and there has Agents Chemother 61:e02554-16. https://doi .org/10.1128/AAC.02554-16.