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Roma Subterranea
Roma Subterranea The Catacombs of Late Antique Rome | Marenka Timmermans 0 Illustration front page: After http://www.livescience.com/16318-photos-early-christian-rome-catacombs-artifacts.html 1 Roma Subterranea The Catacombs of Late Antique Rome Marenka Timmermans S0837865 Prof. dr. Sojc Classical Archaeology Leiden University, Faculty of Archaeology Leiden, June 15th, 2012 2 Marenka Timmermans Hogewoerd 141 2311 HK Leiden [email protected] +316-44420389 3 Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction 5 1.1 Research goal, methodology and research questions 5 Chapter 2. The origins and further development of the catacombs 7 2.1 Chapter summary 10 Chapter 3. Research performed in the catacombs up to the late 20th century 11 3.1 The 'rediscovery' 11 3.2 Early Catacomb Archaeology 13 3.2.1 Antonio Bosio 13 3.2.2 Giovanni di Rossi 14 3.3 Archaeological research in the late 19th and up to the late 20th century 17 3.4 Chapter conclusion 18 Chapter 4. Modern catacomb research 21 4.1 Demography 21 4.2 Science-based Archaeology 23 4.2.1 Stable isotope analysis 23 4.2.2 Radiocarbon dating 25 4.3 Physical Anthropology 26 4.4 Other sciences in and around the catacombs 27 4.5 Chapter Conclusion 28 Chapter 5. Discussion 31 Chapter 6. Conclusion 37 Summary 39 Samenvatting 41 Bibliography 43 List of Figures 49 List of Tables 51 Appendix I 53 Appendix II 57 3 4 Chapter 1. Introduction The subject of this BA-thesis is the catacombs of Late Antique Rome. The catacombs are formed by large subterranean complexes, consisting of extensive galleries. -
Service Books of the Orthodox Church
SERVICE BOOKS OF THE ORTHODOX CHURCH THE DIVINE LITURGY OF ST. JOHN CHRYSOSTOM THE DIVINE LITURGY OF ST. BASIL THE GREAT THE LITURGY OF THE PRESANCTIFIED GIFTS 2010 1 The Service Books of the Orthodox Church. COPYRIGHT © 1984, 2010 ST. TIKHON’S SEMINARY PRESS SOUTH CANAAN, PENNSYLVANIA Second edition. Originally published in 1984 as 2 volumes. ISBN: 978-1-878997-86-9 ISBN: 978-1-878997-88-3 (Large Format Edition) Certain texts in this publication are taken from The Divine Liturgy according to St. John Chrysostom with appendices, copyright 1967 by the Russian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church of America, and used by permission. The approval given to this text by the Ecclesiastical Authority does not exclude further changes, or amendments, in later editions. Printed with the blessing of +Jonah Archbishop of Washington Metropolitan of All America and Canada. 2 CONTENTS The Entrance Prayers . 5 The Liturgy of Preparation. 15 The Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom . 31 The Divine Liturgy of St. Basil the Great . 101 The Liturgy of the Presanctified Gifts. 181 Appendices: I Prayers Before Communion . 237 II Prayers After Communion . 261 III Special Hymns and Verses Festal Cycle: Nativity of the Theotokos . 269 Elevation of the Cross . 270 Entrance of the Theotokos . 273 Nativity of Christ . 274 Theophany of Christ . 278 Meeting of Christ. 282 Annunciation . 284 Transfiguration . 285 Dormition of the Theotokos . 288 Paschal Cycle: Lazarus Saturday . 291 Palm Sunday . 292 Holy Pascha . 296 Midfeast of Pascha . 301 3 Ascension of our Lord . 302 Holy Pentecost . 306 IV Daily Antiphons . 309 V Dismissals Days of the Week . -
THE HUMBLE BEGINNINGS of the INQUIRER LIFESTYLE SERIES: FITNESS FASHION with SAMSUNG July 9, 2014 FASHION SHOW]
1 The Humble Beginnings of “Inquirer Lifestyle Series: Fitness and Fashion with Samsung Show” Contents Presidents of the Republic of the Philippines ................................................................ 8 Vice-Presidents of the Republic of the Philippines ....................................................... 9 Popes .................................................................................................................................. 9 Board Members .............................................................................................................. 15 Inquirer Fitness and Fashion Board ........................................................................... 15 July 1, 2013 - present ............................................................................................... 15 Philippine Daily Inquirer Executives .......................................................................... 16 Fitness.Fashion Show Project Directors ..................................................................... 16 Metro Manila Council................................................................................................. 16 June 30, 2010 to June 30, 2016 .............................................................................. 16 June 30, 2013 to present ........................................................................................ 17 Days to Remember (January 1, AD 1 to June 30, 2013) ........................................... 17 The Philippines under Spain ...................................................................................... -
St. George Orthodox Church of Prescott Sunday, December 18, 2016 Sunday, December 18, 2016—Sunday Before Nativity 8:30AM Orthros Served by Fr
This Week at St. George St. George Orthodox Church of Prescott Sunday, December 18, 2016 Sunday, December 18, 2016—Sunday before Nativity 8:30AM Orthros Served by Fr. Jeffrey Frate 9:30AM Divine Liturgy Tuesday, December 20, 2016 607 W GURLEY STREET, PRESCOTT, AZ 86305 928-777-8750 WWW.PRESCOTTORTHODOX.COM 6:00PM-7:00PM Confessions Wednesday, December 21, 2016 And David was the father of Solomon by the wife of The Epistle Reading is from St. Paul's Letter 6:30PM Forefeast Vespers with Compline Canon Uriah, and Solomon the father of Rehoboam, and to the Hebrews 11:9-10; 32-40 Friday, December 23, 2016 Rehoboam the father of Abijah, and Abijah the father 9:00AM Royal Hours for the Feast of Nativity BRETHREN, by faith Abraham sojourned in the land of Asa, and Asa the father of Jehoshaphat, and 6:00PM-7:00PM Confessions of promise, as in a foreign land, living in tents with Jehoshaphat the father of Joram, and Joram the Isaac and Jacob, heirs with him of the same promise. father of Uzziah, and Uzziah the father of Jotham, Saturday, December 24, 2016 For he looked forward to the city which has and Jotham the father of Ahaz, and Ahaz the father 9:00AM Matins foundation, whose builder and maker is God. of Hezekiah, and Hezekiah the father of Manasseh, 10:00AM Divine Liturgy for Eve of Nativity and Manasseh the father of Amos, and Amos the And what more shall I say? For time would fail me to 5:00PM Great Vespers for Nativity father of Josiah, and Josiah the father of Jechoniah tell of Gideon, Barak, Samson, Jephthah, of David and his brothers, at the time of the deportation to Sunday, December 25, 2016 and Samuel and the prophets - who through faith Babylon. -
AUGUST 9, 2020 Very Rev
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charlotte The Most Reverend Peter J. Jugis Bishop of Charlotte AUGUST 9, 2020 Very Rev. Christopher A. Roux 19TH SUNDAY OF ORDINARY TIME Rector & Pastor SUNDAY CYCLE: A — WEEKDAY CYCLE: II — PSALTER: WEEK III WEEKEND MASSES Saturday Vigil: 5:30 pm Sunday: 7:30 am, 9 am, 11 am (Byzantine), and 12:30 pm DAILY MASSES Monday - Friday: 12:10 pm Friday (school year): 8:30 am Saturday: 8 am HOLY DAY SCHEDULE 7:30 am, 12:10 pm, 7 pm CONFESSION Thirty minutes before daily Masses Saturday: 7:30 am and 4 - 5 pm Sunday: 10 - 11 am ADORATION Wednesday: 8 am - 6 pm PARISH OFFICE HOURS Temporarily closed Mission Statement We the members of The Cathedral of St. Patrick, through the mercy of God the Father, the grace of Jesus Christ, and the power of the Holy Spirit, seek to grow continually in knowledge of and love for God. We strive to enable ongoing conversion to Christ of our adults, to inspire faith in our children, and to be witnesses of His love in the greater community. Address: 1621 Dilworth Road East, Charlotte, NC 28203 Phone: (704) 334-2283 E-Mail: [email protected] Web Site: www.stpatricks.org THIS WEEK AT THE CATHEDRAL DATE MASSES & INTENTIONS EVENTS 7:30 AM—Confession Saturday 8:00 am † Souls in Purgatory 8:00 AM—Mass August 8th 5:30 pm Pro Populo 4:00—5:00 PM—Confession 5:30 PM—Mass 7:30 am John Burdette Requested by Jenny Orso 9:00 am † Patricia Grubs Sunday 7:30 AM—Mass August 9th Requested by the Bruck Family 9:00 AM—Mass 11:00 am 10:00—11:00 AM—Confessions 12:30 pm Fr. -
April Newsletter Issue 3
CONFRATERNITY OF PILGRIMS TO ROME * NEWSLETTER APRIL 2008 No. 3 Contents 1 Editorial Alison Raju Chris George 2 “A Pilgrim’s Tale” in the footsteps of Sigeric, Archbishop of Canterbury Veronica O’Connor 10 The Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome Almis Simans 18 Who was St. Maurice? Janet Skinner 20 Medieval Itineraries to Rome Peter Robins 28 Rome for the modern pilgrim: traces of Peter and Paul Howard Nelson 36 Michael Alberto Alberti 38 Reviews William Marques Alison Raju 42 Additions to the CPR Library Howard Nelson 45 Secretary's Notebook Confraternity of Pilgrims to Rome Founded November 2006 www.pilgrimstorome.org Chairman William Marques [email protected] Webmaster Ann Milner [email protected] Treasurer Alison Payne [email protected] Newsletter Alison Raju [email protected] Chris George [email protected] Secretary Bronwen Marques bronwyn.marques2hertscc.gov.uk Company Secretary Ian Brodrick [email protected] AIVF Liason Joe Patterson [email protected] Editorial This is the third issue of the Confraternity of Pilgrims to Rome's Newsletter. We started on a modest scale to begin with - two issues a year, June and December, in 2007 - but in 2008 we plan three: April, August and December. Eventually we hope to make it a quarterly publication. There are six articles, four book reviews, a listing of new additions to the CPR library and the section entitled “Secretary's Notebook,” containing short items of information likely to be of interest to our members. Veronica O’Connor has written an account of her experiences on her pilgrimage from Canterbury to Rome in 2002, after which Almis Simans tells us about the Seven Pilgrim Churches in Rome. -
005-Santa Susanna
(005/11) Santa Susanna Santa Susanna is an 15th century monastic and titular church. It is on the Piazza San Bernardo, on the Via XX Settembre just north-west of the Piazza della Repubblica and its metro station in the rione Trevi. The dedication is to St Susanna, and the full official title is Santa Susanna alle Terme di Diocleziano. (1) History A church at Santa Susanna commemorates the place where, according to St. Jerome, a young Christian woman was martyred for refusing to worship Rome's pagan gods. Around the year 290 Susanna was residing with her father, Christian presbyter Gabinus, right next door to her saintly uncle Pope Caius (283-296), and in the shadows of the Emperor Diocletian's (284-305) immense baths. After refusing to break a vow of virginity to marry her insistent suitor Maximianus Galerius (none other than the Emperor's adopted son and heir), Susanna also balked at offering a pagan sacrifice, and was beheaded in her own home. The church of Santa Susanna is one of the oldest titles of Rome. The first Christian place of worship was built here in the 4th century. It was probably the titulus of Pope Caius (283-296). The early Christian church was built on the remains of three Roman villas, and was located immediately outside the fence of the Baths of Diocletian and close to the Servian walls. (8) First church By tradition, the church was built in 330, and named San Caio after the owner of the first chapel. In 590, the church was rededicated to St Susan because of her growing popularity. -
Saint Sebastian
Saint Sebastian This article is about the Christian saint and martyr. For the United States Navy ship, see USS St. Sebastian (SP-470). “Saint Sebastien” redirects here. For other uses, see Saint-Sébastien (disambiguation). Saint Sebastian (died c. 288) was an early Christian saint and martyr. He was killed during the Roman em- peror Diocletian's persecution of Christians. He is com- monly depicted in art and literature tied to a post or tree and shot with arrows. Despite this being the most com- mon artistic depiction of Sebastian, he was, according to legend, rescued and healed by Irene of Rome. Shortly af- terwards he criticized Diocletian in person and as a result was clubbed to death.[1] He is venerated in the Catholic and Orthodox Churches. The details of Saint Sebastian’s martyrdom were first spoken of by 4th-century bishop Ambrose of Milan (Saint Ambrose), in his sermon (number 22) on Psalm 118. Ambrose stated that Sebastian came from Milan and that he was already venerated there at that time. Saint Sebastian is a popular male saint, especially among soldiers.[2][3] 1 Life Saint Sebastian Interceding for the Plague Stricken,[4] Josse Lieferinxe, 1497–1499, The Walters Art Museum According to Sebastian’s 18th century entry in Acta Sanc- torum,[5] still attributed to Ambrose by the 17th century hagiographer Jean Bolland, and the briefer account in the then brought the rest of the prisoners; these 16 persons 14th century Legenda Aurea, he was a man of Gallia Nar- were also converted by Sebastian.[6] bonensis who was taught in Milan and appointed a captain Chromatius and Tiburtius converted; Chromatius set all of the Praetorian Guard under Diocletian and Maximian, of his prisoners free from jail, resigned his position, and who were unaware that he was a Christian. -
SACRED HEART CATHOLIC CHURCH Barbara Havens
SACRED HEART CATHOLIC CHURCH Sunday, February 14, 2021 6th Sunday in Ordinary Time ASH WEDNESDAY February 17th MASS SCHEDULE SACRED HEART 9:00 am CHRIST OUR LIGHT 7:00 am | 9:00 am | Noon ST DAMIEN St. Vincent 7:30 am | Noon | 7:00pm St. Michael 6:00 pm Spanish | 8:00 pm Spanish ST ELIZABETH ANN SEATON 7:00 am | Noon | 7:00pm ST HUGO OF THE HILLS 9:00 am | Noon | 7:00pm ST. IRENAEUS 9:00 am | 7:00 pm ST. MARY OF THE HILLS 9:00 am | 7:00 pm ST. THOMAS MOORE 9:00 am | 7:00 pm SACRED HEART'S Little BLACK books 6 minute reflections LentenLenten ProgramsPrograms for LENT Available in the STATIONS OF THE CROSS back of church This lent how are you reflecting on God’s love through his redemptive $3 Donation act for you? Jesus said on the cross said “I thirst”, what he thirst for is Requested you. Come join us every Friday night at 7pm for a different “Stations of the Cross” Presentation. Come Pray with your fellow parishioners for your family, for your parish, for your Archdiocese, and for the world; That we may love the Lord and share his good news of salvation with all we meet. FEB 19TH – Father Cavellier – Traditional Stations of the Cross FEB 26TH – St. Vincent DePaul Society – Everyone’s Way of the Cross MAR 5TH – Men’s Bible Study – Scriptural Way of the Cross MAR 12ND – Knights of Columbus - Prolife Way of the Cross To Sacred Heart Church MAR 19TH – Religious Education - Children’s Way of the Cross Barbara Havens MAR 26TH – Women’s Bible Study – Mary’s Way of the Cross Page 2 Sacred Heart Catholic Church February 19 is the feast day of St. -
The Baptismal Font
The Baptismal Font. THE mode of administering the Sacrament of Holy Baptism has varied from time to time and, in consequence, the vessel for .holding the baptismal water has not always taken the same form. There seems little doubt that the first baptisms took place in the open air and were performed by affusion. The earliest evidence we have in fresco or sculpture shows the candidate standing in the water, while the baptiser pours water over his head. In a fresco in the cemetery of St Callistus, Rome (circa 200 A.D.) a nude boy is represented as standing in the water up to his ankles, while water is being poured over him. In time the running stream gave place to fonts of a kind and these appear at first to have been simply wooden tubs.(I) Pope Caius (283-296) is said to have baptised St Claudius super pelvim ligneum. In the Cathedral at Tournai, Belgium, there are some old tapestries showing three fonts, two of which are depicted as wooden tubs, showing both staves and hoops. Incidentally the figures therein are represented as sitting or kneeling. In Scotland, there is no evidence that fonts were used in the earlier days of the Celtic missionaries. There is every likelihood that baptisms like preachings took place in the open air and that many of the wells, which still bear the names of these early pioneers, were used for this purpose. Near the Church of - St Monans, Fife, is a well still known as the Christening Well ". Probably in later days water would be drawn from it for the Sacrament. -
Timeline1800 18001600
TIMELINE1800 18001600 Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 8000BCE Sharpened stone heads used as axes, spears and arrows. 7000BCE Walls in Jericho built. 6100BCE North Atlantic Ocean – Tsunami. 6000BCE Dry farming developed in Mesopotamian hills. - 4000BCE Tigris-Euphrates planes colonized. - 3000BCE Farming communities spread from south-east to northwest Europe. 5000BCE 4000BCE 3900BCE 3800BCE 3760BCE Dynastic conflicts in Upper and Lower Egypt. The first metal tools commonly used in agriculture (rakes, digging blades and ploughs) used as weapons by slaves and peasant ‘infantry’ – first mass usage of expendable foot soldiers. 3700BCE 3600BCE © PastSearch2012 - T i m e l i n e Page 1 Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 3500BCE King Menes the Fighter is victorious in Nile conflicts, establishes ruling dynasties. Blast furnace used for smelting bronze used in Bohemia. Sumerian civilization developed in south-east of Tigris-Euphrates river area, Akkadian civilization developed in north-west area – continual warfare. 3400BCE 3300BCE 3200BCE 3100BCE 3000BCE Bronze Age begins in Greece and China. Egyptian military civilization developed. Composite re-curved bows being used. In Mesopotamia, helmets made of copper-arsenic bronze with padded linings. Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, first to use iron for weapons. Sage Kings in China refine use of bamboo weaponry. 2900BCE 2800BCE Sumer city-states unite for first time. 2700BCE Palestine invaded and occupied by Egyptian infantry and cavalry after Palestinian attacks on trade caravans in Sinai. 2600BCE 2500BCE Harrapan civilization developed in Indian valley. Copper, used for mace heads, found in Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine and Egypt. Sumerians make helmets, spearheads and axe blades from bronze. -
According to Antique Historians and the Paschal Chronicle the Scythian Empire Or the Federation of Nations Was Founded Around 3660 BC
Summary DOCLEA AND PRAEVALITANA According to antique historians and the Paschal Chronicle the Scythian Empire or the federation of nations was founded around 3660 BC. The Scythians started to colonize the Balkans around 1800 BC and this mission ended around 1500 BC. Around 1000 BC the Kimmerian Scythians attacked Italy where they formeded their territories. The oldest Scythian Balkan state was Thracia which was created by the Pedases people around 3500 BC, and the Egyptian sources are also mentioning it as an enemy state around 2000 BC. Around 1600 BC a powerful cen- tral Balkan state was created and its name was Dar- dania. The Egyptian sources of 1452 BC from the period of the reign of Amenophis II and of 1240 from the period of the reign of Ramses II are men- tioning the names of Scythian Balkan nations: the Moesi, the Dardanians, the Thracian Pedases, and the Odrysae people. The Scythian Docleatae belonged to the Parthian Scythians; part of them descended to the Balkans in the second half of the second millennium BC. 649 Vojislav D. Nikčević: DOCLEA AND PRAEVALITANA They created two cities around 1040 BC: Doclea and Scodra. On the territory of today’s Montenegro the Docleatae founded three cities: Medun, Risinium (Risan) and Budua (Budva). In VII and VI century BC the powerful Kingdom of Pontus of the Aorses created its federal unit in the middle Dalmatia and the Scythian Balkan federation known as the Kingdom of the Danube Scythians ruled by the Scytho-Sarmatian Autariatae. This state-alliance included the Kingdom of Pannonia with its capital Sirmium, the alliance con- sisted of the Veneti and the Liburnians, the Kingdom of Aorses, kingdoms of Dardania and Moesia and the agreed province of two kingdoms – Dacia with Trivalia (Praevaliana, future Praevalitana) as well as Scythia Minor.