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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76224-3 - The New Moon: Water, Exploration, and Future Habitation Arlin Crotts Index More information Index Defining or introductory text for a topic indicated by bold page numbers. Text in footnotes indicated by italic page numbers. Appendix A (“Von Braun et al. Space and Lunar Exploration Issues”), Appendix B (“Topics in Transient Phenomena on the Moon”) and the Glossary are not included in this index. A9, A10 rocket designs: 115 Apollo 6:49 Abernathy, Ralph: 71 Apollo 7: 29, 30, 351 Adams, John Couch: 159 Apollo 8: 23, 29–31, 48, 49, 55, 56, 154, 270 Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The: 156 Apollo 9: 29 , 30, 31 aerobraking: 128 Apollo 10: 29, 30, 32, 48, 270 Agena rocket: 25, 27 Apollo 11:18–24, 26, 30, 33–34, 52–55, Aggregat-4 (A-4): see V-2 69, 71, 75, 78, 92, 119, 175, 177, 254, Agnew, Spiro: 79 264, 289 Airborne Lightweight Optical Tracking System descent from LM: 21–24 (ALOTS): 29, 33 landing at Tranquility Base: 18, 19–20, 26, Aldrin, Buzz (formerly Edwin): 18, 20, 21–22, 28, 44–45, 48, 52–53, 53–54, 104, 321 30, 33, 34, 52–53, 95, 97, 124, 298, “That’s one small step for (a) man, ...”: 18, 324, 346, 364 21–23, 53, 54 aliens: see extraterrestrial life Apollo 12: 22, 33–35, 36, 78, 189, 209, 233, 253, Allen, Joe: 328, 333, 362 270, 321, 357 Almaz program: 51, 144 lightning hits at launch: 33, 75–77, 356 ALSEP: see Apollo Lunar Science Equipment Apollo 13: 35–38, 49, 78, 82, 314 Package Apollo 14: 38–39, 40, 55, 78, 110, 176, 233, 239, amphibole: 231–232 243, 253, 254, 270, 289, 321, 326, 365 Amundsen, Roald: 150, 339, 432 Apollo 15: 23, 29, 38– 40, 41, 42, 44, 78, 175, 176, Anders, William: 29, 31, 154 184, 193, 195, 205, 224, 229, 231, 233, Angara rocket series: 135, 437 238, 239, 253, 254, 258, 261, 270, 274, Angara 5 and 7 rockets: 97 279, 283, 289, 295, 300 angular size: 1–2, 158 subsatellite: 39, 43, 295 anorthosite: 174–176, 177, 197, 198, 201, 202, Apollo 16: 29, 36, 40–41, 44, 78, 101, 174, 176, 205, 207 198, 205, 212, 233, 243, 253, 254, 258, Ansari X-Prize: 147 263, 270, 295, 322, 333 apatite: 239, 245, 247, 259 subsatellite: 43, 295 Apollo program: 18–24, 26, 28–48, 97 Apollo 17: 29, 41–42, 45, 46, 47, 78, 82, 101, 109, Apollo 1 (Apollo/Saturn 204): 28, 49, 176, 189, 193, 200, 201, 207, 238, 254, 69–70,82 256, 258, 264, 270, 271, 294, 298, 314, Apollo 4:49 323, 327, 333, 362 Apollo 5: 31, 145 Apollo 18–20 (cancelled): 38, 75, 77 495 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76224-3 - The New Moon: Water, Exploration, and Future Habitation Arlin Crotts Index More information Index Apollo program (cont.) Suprathermal Ion Detector Experiment astronaut science training: 35, 36, 261–262, (SIDE): 34, 40, 233– 234, 254, 273 292, 293, 315, 328 Surface Electric Properties (SEP): 109 atmospheric reentry: 37, 38 Scientific Instrument Module (SIM): 43, 194 budget: 62, 69–70, 77 Service Module (SM): 36, 37 Command Module (CM): 28, 37 Apollo Applications Program (AAP): 78–79 Command/Service Module (CSM): 29, 31, Apollo 13, film: 57,72 32, 43 Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP, “Apollo 18”): data archive: 108 57, 119, 155, 356 Guidance Computer (AGC): 20–21, 104–105 Archytas of Tarentum: 59 H missions: 33 Ares rocket family: see Constellation hoax conspiracy theories: 108–111 Ariane 5: 97 J missions: 29, 38, 41, 42, 76, 200, 318, 327 Aristarchus of Samos: 10–11, 16 lunar landing sites, selection: 27, 37–40, 176, Aristarchus Plateau: 182, 183, 184, 185, 206, 219, 193–194, 263 275, 284–285, 296, 389 Descartes highlands: 40, 176 armalcolite: 177, 205, 217 Fra Mauro: 37–38 Armstrong Limit (after Harry George Hadley Rille: 39 Armstrong): 114 Taurus-Littrow: 41, 47, 109, 184, 193–194, Armstrong, Neil: 18–24, 30, 33, 49, 52–53, 200, 207 54, 298 Tranquilitatis: 193 on Apollo 11:18–24, 30, 33, 49, 52–53, 54, 104, Lunar Module (LM): 19–24, 29–30, 31, 301, 305, 321 32, 34, 36, 38, 41, 43, 47–48, 54, as fighter and test pilot and on Gemini 8: 19–20 62, 104 asteroid Lunar Science Equipment Package (ALSEP): asteroid mission proposal and Obama 33, 34, 38, 39, 40, 41, 109, 120 administration: vii, 95, 97, 100–101, ALSEP shutdown date: 261 123 Central Station (and Lunar Dust Asteroid Return Mission (ARM) proposal: Detector): 40 101, 102 Charged Particle Lunar Environment asteroids Experiment (CPLEE): 40, 254, 295 1620 Geographos: 130 Cold Cathode Ion Gauge/Gauge 4179 Toutatis: 132 Experiment (CCIG/CCGE): 40, 25143 Itokawa: 43 270, 273 atmosphere: 272 Heat Flow Experiment (HFE): 39, 41, commercial mining operations proposals: 258, 305 149 Lunar Atmospheric Composition Deep Space Industries: 375 Experiment (LACE): 253, 254, 256, Planetary Resources, Inc.: 375 270, 273, 295 human habitability: 402, 403, 426 Lunar Ejecta and Meteorites (LEAM): 294 Plymouth Rock mission proposal: 100, 101, Lunar Portable Magnetometer: 34, 40 123 Lunar Ranging Retroreflectors (LRRR): 33, relative interest of NASA vs. other space 34, 39, 40, 289 agencies: 141 Passive Seismic Experiment (PSE): 33, 34, Yarkovsky and YORP effects: 196 39, 40, 296 astronaut science training: 35, 36, 261–262, Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator 292, 293 (RTG): 40, 311 Atlas rocket series: 24, 27, 63, 64, 87, 96 Solar Wind Spectrometer (SWS): 295 Atlas-V: 95, 97 496 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76224-3 - The New Moon: Water, Exploration, and Future Habitation Arlin Crotts Index More information Index Atomic Energy Commission, U.S.: 63 catena: see crater chain Augustine, Norman: 83, 94 caverns, lunar: see skylights Committee on Future of U.S. Space Program Centaur rocket: 27, 132, 370 (1990): 83, 94 Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), U.S.: 25, Review of U.S. Human Space Flight Plans 48, 65 (2009): 94, 95, 96, 122 Cernan, Eugene: 29, 32, 41, 45, 46, 47, 231, 261, 263, 270, 271, 298, 300, 301, 302, 303, Baikonur Cosmodrome: 57, 65, 117, 136 323–326, 327, 333, 362 Baldwin, Ralph: 361 closing words upon departing lunar surface: basalt: see lunar basalt 46, 47 Bay of Pigs invasion: 65, 66 Chaffee, Roger: 28 Bean, Alan: 33, 35, 36, 208, 310, 351 Chandrayaan-1 mission: 132, 235, 237–238, 244, Belbruno, Ed: 152, 164–165, 172 255 Bell Labs; ATT Bellcom: 146, 262 Chawla, Kalpana: 154 Bierce, Ambrose: 331 Chelomei, Vladimir: 48, 49, 50 Big Whack: see Giant Impact Chinese espionage against U.S.: 127 Boeing Corporation: 27, 96, 100, 127, 141 Chinese Lunar Exploration Program (CLEP): 145 Bolden, Charles: 94, 95, 96, 97, 123 Chang’e program bomber airplanes Chang’e1: 131–132, 156 B-29: 19 Chang’ e2: 132, 152 B-47: 63 Chang’e3: 134, 145, 147 B-52: 63 Yutu rover: 145 Bondarenko, Valentin: 57 ground-penetrating radar; 145 Bonestell, Chesley: 61, 62, 66 Chang’e 4: 144 Borman, Frank: 29, 31, 53 Chang’e 5: 144 Bradbury, Ray: 115 lunar sample return mission proposals: 144 Brazilian Space Agency (Agência Espacial future lunar plans: 145 Brasiliera, AEB): 134, 143 military involvement: 144 breccia: 174, 176, 197, 198, 202 Chinese National Space Agency (CNSA): 134, Brezhnev, Leonid: 50 139–140 British Interplanetary Society: 62 absence from ISECG: 141 Bull, Gerald: 396 commercial component: 140, 154 Bumper rocket: 60, 114 cooperation with RKA: 139–140 Buran space shuttle: 51 future as a leader in lunar exploration: Burroughs, Edgar Rice: 60 150–151 Bush, George H.W.: 82, 83, 104 isolation from NASA: 140, 143–144, 154 Bush, George W.: 84, 86, 96–97, 122 military component: 140, 154 Bush, Vannevar: 60, 115 need for Long March 5 rocket: 145 Bykovsky, Valeri: 56 taikonauts: 140, 154 By Rocket into Planetary Space, book: 59 Clarke, Arthur C.: 62, 115, 116, 156, 224, 322, 329, 394, 422, 424, 431 Cameron, Alistair: 165, 172 Clementine, Deep Space Program Science Cameron, Winifred Sawtell: 275, 295–296 Experiment (DPSE): 130–131, 181, Canadian Space Agency: 134, 143 222, 234, 255, 270, 294 canali: 60 Clinton, William: 84, 104, 127 Cassini, Giovanni: 17 Cold War: 50, 51, 60, 63, 65, 83, 127 Cassini-Huygens mission to Saturn: 134, 143, Collier’s magazine: 61, 62, 63, 106, 116 237, 245 Collins, Michael: 33, 53, 69, 108, 118, 119 497 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76224-3 - The New Moon: Water, Exploration, and Future Habitation Arlin Crotts Index More information Index Comet crater count and age dating: 194–196, Shoemaker-Levi 9: 191 207–208, 288–289 Tempel 1: 237 crater/impactor size relation: 196 Wild 2: 43 cratering process: 26, 184–190, 200, 206, 207 Command Module (CM): see Apollo CM craters, named Command/Service Module (CSM): see Apollo ‘Alo’i (Earth): 18 CSM Alphonsus: 184, 229 commercialization of space: 116, 124, 146–149, Apollo: 212 368–370, 372–376, 378–385, 386–387, Aristarchus: 26, 180, 182, 185, 189, 206, 264, 388–390 275, 278, 279, 296 MirCorp program for Mir: 375 age: 188, 206, 296 Moon: see lunar commercial development Arzachel: 250 Compton-Belkovich Thorium Anomaly: 219, Bessel: 189 225, 288 bowl crater, anonymous: 189 Congressional Budget Office, U.S.: 85 Byrgius A: 206 Conquest of Space, The, film: 63 Cabeus: 242 Conquest of Space, The, books: 61, 116 Camelot: 298 Conquest of the Moon, book: 61 Chavenet: 188 Conrad, Charles “Pete”: 22, 33, 35, 36, 351 Cone: 38, 311, 321, 322, 326–327 Constellation space vehicle architecture: 87–90 Copernicus: 27, 182, 189, 192, 206, 213, 278 Altair/Lunar Surface Access Module age: 188, 192 (LSAM): 88, 89 Craters of Moon, anonymous crater Ares I rocket: 87–88, 89, 95, 97 (Earth): 186 Ares I-X:89 Eratosthenes: 189, 192 Solid
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    A R C H O N S HIDDEN RULERS THROUGH THE AGES A R C H O N S HIDDEN RULERS THROUGH THE AGES WATCH THIS IMPORTANT VIDEO UFOs, Aliens, and the Question of Contact MUST-SEE THE OCCULT REASON FOR PSYCHOPATHY Organic Portals: Aliens and Psychopaths KNOWLEDGE THROUGH GNOSIS Boris Mouravieff - GNOSIS IN THE BEGINNING ...1 The Gnostic core belief was a strong dualism: that the world of matter was deadening and inferior to a remote nonphysical home, to which an interior divine spark in most humans aspired to return after death. This led them to an absorption with the Jewish creation myths in Genesis, which they obsessively reinterpreted to formulate allegorical explanations of how humans ended up trapped in the world of matter. The basic Gnostic story, which varied in details from teacher to teacher, was this: In the beginning there was an unknowable, immaterial, and invisible God, sometimes called the Father of All and sometimes by other names. “He” was neither male nor female, and was composed of an implicitly finite amount of a living nonphysical substance. Surrounding this God was a great empty region called the Pleroma (the fullness). Beyond the Pleroma lay empty space. The God acted to fill the Pleroma through a series of emanations, a squeezing off of small portions of his/its nonphysical energetic divine material. In most accounts there are thirty emanations in fifteen complementary pairs, each getting slightly less of the divine material and therefore being slightly weaker. The emanations are called Aeons (eternities) and are mostly named personifications in Greek of abstract ideas.
  • Crater Geometry and Ejecta Thickness of the Martian Impact Crater Tooting

    Crater Geometry and Ejecta Thickness of the Martian Impact Crater Tooting

    Meteoritics & Planetary Science 42, Nr 9, 1615–1625 (2007) Abstract available online at http://meteoritics.org Crater geometry and ejecta thickness of the Martian impact crater Tooting Peter J. MOUGINIS-MARK and Harold GARBEIL Hawai‘i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96822, USA (Received 25 October 2006; revision accepted 04 March 2007) Abstract–We use Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) topographic data and Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) visible (VIS) images to study the cavity and the ejecta blanket of a very fresh Martian impact crater ~29 km in diameter, with the provisional International Astronomical Union (IAU) name Tooting crater. This crater is very young, as demonstrated by the large depth/ diameter ratio (0.065), impact melt preserved on the walls and floor, an extensive secondary crater field, and only 13 superposed impact craters (all 54 to 234 meters in diameter) on the ~8120 km2 ejecta blanket. Because the pre-impact terrain was essentially flat, we can measure the volume of the crater cavity and ejecta deposits. Tooting crater has a rim height that has >500 m variation around the rim crest and a very large central peak (1052 m high and >9 km wide). Crater cavity volume (i.e., volume below the pre-impact terrain) is ~380 km3 and the volume of materials above the pre-impact terrain is ~425 km3. The ejecta thickness is often very thin (<20 m) throughout much of the ejecta blanket. There is a pronounced asymmetry in the ejecta blanket, suggestive of an oblique impact, which has resulted in up to ~100 m of additional ejecta thickness being deposited down-range compared to the up-range value at the same radial distance from the rim crest.