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TAXON: Banksia Baxteri R. Br. SCORE:-2.0 RATING

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TAXON: Banksia Baxteri R. Br. SCORE:-2.0 RATING TAXON: Banksia baxteri R. Br. SCORE: -2.0 RATING: Low Risk Taxon: Banksia baxteri R. Br. Family: Proteaceae Common Name(s): Baxter's banksia Synonym(s): bird's nest banksia Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 27 Oct 2016 WRA Score: -2.0 Designation: L Rating: Low Risk Keywords: Ornamental Shrub, Mediterranean Climate, Fire Prone, Serotinous, Wind-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) Intermediate tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 n subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 ? outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 n 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 y 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle Creation Date: 27 Oct 2016 ( Banksia baxteri R. Br.) Page 1 of 16 TAXON: Banksia baxteri R. Br. SCORE: -2.0 RATING: Low Risk Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 y=1, n=0 y conditions if not a volcanic island) 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs 504 y=1, n=0 n -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native 601 y=1, n=0 n habitat 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 y 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 n 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 2 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants 701 y=1, n=-1 n growing in heavily trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 y 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 n 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 n 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 n Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 802 y=1, n=-1 y yr) 803 Well controlled by herbicides 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 n Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced 805 biocontrol agents) Creation Date: 27 Oct 2016 ( Banksia baxteri R. Br.) Page 2 of 16 TAXON: Banksia baxteri R. Br. SCORE: -2.0 RATING: Low Risk Supporting Data: Qsn # Question Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? n Source(s) Notes Australian Biological Resources Study. (1999). Flora of [No evidence of domestication] "Near the south coast of W.A., from Australia Volume 17B, Proteaceae 3, Hakea to Dryandra. the Stirling Ra. to the Oldfield R. in deep white or grey sand on plains CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne and dunes, in tall shrubland." 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2016. Personal Communication NA 103 Does the species have weedy races? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2016. Personal Communication NA Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet Intermediate tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" Source(s) Notes Australian Biological Resources Study. (1999). Flora of "Near the south coast of W.A., from the Stirling Ra. to the Oldfield R. Australia Volume 17B, Proteaceae 3, Hakea to Dryandra. in deep white or grey sand on plains and dunes, in tall shrubland." CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne [Mediterranean Climate] 202 Quality of climate match data High Source(s) Notes Australian Biological Resources Study. (1999). Flora of Australia Volume 17B, Proteaceae 3, Hakea to Dryandra. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) n Source(s) Notes "Hardiness: Dave's Garden. (2016). Bird's Nest Banksia, Baxter's USDA Zone 9a: to -6.6 °C (20 °F) Banksia - Banksia baxteri. USDA Zone 9b: to -3.8 °C (25 °F) http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/74766/. [Accessed USDA Zone 10a: to -1.1 °C (30 °F) 26 Oct 2016] USDA Zone 10b: to 1.7 °C (35 °F) USDA Zone 11: above 4.5 °C (40 °F)" Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 n subtropical climates Source(s) Notes Creation Date: 27 Oct 2016 ( Banksia baxteri R. Br.) Page 3 of 16 TAXON: Banksia baxteri R. Br. SCORE: -2.0 RATING: Low Risk Qsn # Question Answer Australian Biological Resources Study. (1999). Flora of "Near the south coast of W.A., from the Stirling Ra. to the Oldfield R. Australia Volume 17B, Proteaceae 3, Hakea to Dryandra. in deep white or grey sand on plains and dunes, in tall shrubland." CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne Australian Native Plants Nursery. (2016). Banksia baxteri. http://www.australianplants.com/plants.aspx?id=1163. "Origin: Mediterranean Climate" [Accessed 26 Oct 2016] Does the species have a history of repeated 205 ? introductions outside its natural range? Source(s) Notes Moodley, D., Geerts, S., Rebelo, T., Richardson, D. M., & "Table 1 Introduced Proteaceae species recorded in South Africa and Wilson, J. R. (2014). Site-specific conditions influence populations surveyed in this study" [Banksia baxteri reported in 2 plant naturalization: the case of alien Proteaceae in South records in database] Africa. Acta Oecologica, 59, 62-71 Dave's Garden. (2016). Bird's Nest Banksia, Baxter's Banksia - Banksia baxteri. "This plant has been said to grow in the following regions: San http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/74766/. [Accessed Leandro, California" 26 Oct 2016] Banksia baxteri R.Br. - Breitwieser I., Brownsey P.J., Nelson W.A., Wilton A.D. eds. Biostatus (2016) Flora of New Zealand Online. www.nzflora.info Exotic 301 Naturalized beyond native range n Source(s) Notes "Table 1 Introduced Proteaceae species recorded in South Africa and populations surveyed in this study. Three major invaders in South Moodley, D., Geerts, S., Rebelo, T., Richardson, D. M., & Africa (Hakea drupacea, H. gibbosa and H. sericea) were excluded Wilson, J. R. (2014). Site-specific conditions influence from the list. For a full list of introduced Proteaceae in South Africa plant naturalization: the case of alien Proteaceae in South and worldwide see Moodley et al. (2013)." [Banksia baxteri - Africa. Acta Oecologica, 59, 62-71 Number of naturalized sites detected in this study = 0; Not recorded as naturalized] Randall, R.P. 2012. A Global Compendium of Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western No evidence Australia Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R.& Lorence, D.H. 2016. Flora of the Hawaiian Islands. Smithsonian Institution, To date, Banksia integrifolia is the only species naturalized in the Washington, D.C. http://botany.si.edu/. [Accessed 26 Oct Hawaiian Islands [East Maui] 2016] Creation Date: 27 Oct 2016 ( Banksia baxteri R. Br.) Page 4 of 16 TAXON: Banksia baxteri R. Br. SCORE: -2.0 RATING: Low Risk Qsn # Question Answer 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n Source(s) Notes Moodley, D., Geerts, S., Rebelo, T., Richardson, D. M., & Wilson, J. R. (2014). Site-specific conditions influence No evidence plant naturalization: the case of alien Proteaceae in South Africa. Acta Oecologica, 59, 62-71 Randall, R.P. 2012. A Global Compendium of Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western No evidence Australia 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n Source(s) Notes Moodley, D., Geerts, S., Rebelo, T., Richardson, D. M., & Wilson, J. R. (2014). Site-specific conditions influence No evidence plant naturalization: the case of alien Proteaceae in South Africa. Acta Oecologica, 59, 62-71 Randall, R.P. 2012. A Global Compendium of Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western No evidence Australia 304 Environmental weed n Source(s) Notes Moodley, D., Geerts, S., Rebelo, T., Richardson, D. M., & Wilson, J. R. (2014). Site-specific conditions influence No evidence plant naturalization: the case of alien Proteaceae in South Africa. Acta Oecologica, 59, 62-71 Randall, R.P. 2012. A Global Compendium of Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western No evidence Australia 305 Congeneric weed y Source(s) Notes "Coastal banksia (Banksia integrifolia) is an emerging weed in New Zealand and alpine wattle (Acacia pravissima) is starting to cause concern.
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