Intelligent, Connected Cars Volkswagen’s Vision of the Future
Dr. Markus Lienkamp − Electronics and Vehicle Research
Group Research Global trends
Time is scarce Space is scarce Oil is scarce
Ubiquitous broadband Advances in Novel battery communication electronics technologies
Group Research Slide 2 Motivation for integrating communication into vehicles
Improving road safety
Improving traffic efficiency
Providing up-to-date information services
Group Research Slide 3 Road safety
Increasing need for security:
EU goal „-50% fatalities“
140%
120% Source: IRTAD 100%
80%
60% Driving experience should cars 40% pedestrians motorcycles Normalised fatalities (1980=100%) fatalities Normalised remain being joyful! bicycles 20% others
0% 1982 1985 1986 1991 1993 1994 1996 1997 2000 2002 1980 1981 1983 1984 1988 1990 1992 1995 1998 1999 2001 2003 1987 1989 „Fahrvergnügen“ Year
Group Research Slide 4 Road safety: The driver as element of uncertainty Causes of fatal accidents
Technology % Mental causes Misjudgements Unexpected Technology 38% 46% 5% 25 behaviour 5%5% 20 11%
15 10
5 0 Sleep Sleep Sleep Sleep Others Others Others Others Animals Animals Animals Animals Weather Weather Weather Weather StaticStatic car car StaticStatic car car Accidents Accidents Accidents Accidents Source: GdV, VW Source: Unfallforschung Inattention Inattention Inattention Inattention Technology Technology Technology Technology Pedestrians/ Pedestrians/ Pedestrians/ Pedestrians/ Car dynamics Car dynamics Car dynamics Car dynamics PrecedingPreceding car car PrecedingPreceding car car LaneLane keeping keeping LaneLane keeping keeping MedicalMedical causes causes MedicalMedical causes causes
Group Research Slide 5 Road safety potential
Safety potential Car to X Car-to-car com. Pyro Brake
Side Assist Pre-crash Front Assist safety Active Active
Driver assistant ESP Brake assistant ABS Car assistant Airbag Seat belt Stiff passenger compartment safety
Car structure Passive
Time Today
Group Research Slide 6 Road safety: Guardian angel
Handling like a skilled driver
Seeing like an alert human and every- thing safely Driving like a trained driver
Acting like an experienced human
Group Research Slide 7 Actuators: Handling like a skilled driver
Electromechanical steering
Electronic DSG transmission accelerator
Group Research Slide 8 Sensors: Seeing like an alert human
Back video camera
Short-distance radar Interior sensor
Multi-beam laser
Ultrasonic Front video camera sensors Infrared camera Long-distance radar
Group Research Slide 9 Sensors: Seeing like an alert human
Group Research Slide 10 Vehicle dynamics: Driving like a trained driver
Group Research Slide 11 Intelligence: Acting like an experienced human
Test A
Group Research Slide 12 Technology box: Components enabling safety
Driving at the limit Driving in unknown territory Driving according to traffic rules
“Golf 53“ “Stanley“ “Junior“ Positioning Environment sensing Detection of situations Speed-optimised trajectory Positioning Driving strategy Path planning Safety Environment sensing Positioning Path planning
Intelligent
“Intelligent Car“ Group Research Slide 13 And everything safely : Automatic driving functionalities in iCar
Lane keeping PLATZHALTER BILD Clear drive and tracking
Driving in traffic congestion BILD (stop & go)
Lange changing and overtaking manoeuvre (driver approved)
Group Research Slide 14 Which systems does Volkswagen offer today?
LongitudinalLongitudinal LatitudinalLatitudinal ParkingParking guidanceguidance guidanceguidance assistanceassistance ACCACC BackBack videovideo cameracamera SWASWA ACCACC F2SF2S AWVAWV LDWLDW ParkPark AssistAssist
LightLight DriverDriver informationinformation
AFSAFS
SwivellingSwivelling headlightheadlight
Group Research Slide 15 An example:
Group Research Slide 16 Car -to -car communication: Extension of vehicle sensors
Extension of driver horizon by radio communication Short latency in information dissemination Reduced driver response time in dangerous situations
communication better than the driver
sensors as good as the driver
Group Research Slide 17 Increasing the effective range: "Car -to -X"
Sensors
rbind
Communication technology / GPS
Group Research Slide 18 Improving traffic safety
Group Research Slide 19 Improving traffic safety: Warnings and driver assistance
Information from an ambulance Warning of disregarded traffic signs
Bad visibility Road works
Group Research Slide 20 Motivation for integrating communication into vehicles
Improving road safety
Improving traffic efficiency
Providing up-to-date information services
Group Research Slide 21 Challenges for society: Traffic volume increases substantially
Traffic congestion: A2 time and desire for in-vehicle + 125% entertainment grows Lorries
A6 + 181% Scenario VW 2002-2020 Lorries Passenger transportation: + 20% Freight transportation: + 34 %
Group Research Slide 22 Navigation systems today and tomorrow Current features of RNS 510: Future connected navigation systems:
Reliable and efficient Receive information from many guidance to every destination cars out of the vicinity to avoid Touch screen and prevent traffic congestion Up-to-date traffic information Improve routing by highly via RDS / TMC dynamic and detailed traffic information Import of music from PC via SD card Combine navigation with POIs and events dynamically from the Sophisticated help system Internet with avatar “Carla“ Act also as up-to-date travel Wireless operation of mobile guide and shopping assistant Provide a ubiquitous help system with connection to VW and the Internet
Group Research Slide 23 Increase of traffic efficiency: Example traffic light assistant
Car-to-traffic-light communication to inform drivers Optimal speed to encounter phased traffic lights Phase optimization of traffic lights by car information
Group Research Slide 24 Increase of traffic efficiency: Example Traffic Guard
Truck laser scanner - alignment, - lateral Profile
Analysis of oncoming traffic - traffic density - velocity
Vehicle sensors (FCD) - position, course - distance, velocity
Communication nodes (RSU) - application for analysis Traffic management centre - dissemination of information - static information (speed limits) - road works information
Group Research Slide 25 Traffic Guard: Information processing
Vehicle at end of section Data analysis in outflow-RSU
Recording of Communication outflow-RSU RSU own sensor data TCP/IP Evaluation of - road path (GPS) - number of lanes (GPS) - traffic situation (speed)
Vehicle tour through road works
RSU connection Vehicle at start of section
Pre-adjustment of Inflow-RSU traffic-optimised ACC Communication inflow-RSU
Broadcast RSU Aggregated Display of precise information information to driver
Group Research Slide 26 1 Introduction 2 The Traffic Guard – Concept Functionality Results 3 Summary Traffic Guard: Information usage in the vehicle
A) Traffic-optimised driving behaviour B) Driver information
• Driving recommendation for driver or • Displaying road geometry and traffic speed • Modification of ACC
Group Research Slide 27 Avoidance of congestion by car -to -x communication
Group Research Slide 28 1 Introduction 2 The Traffic Guard – Concept Functionality Results 3 Summary Traffic Guard: Impact on traffic efficiency
Empirical data (30.10.07) Reproduction in simulation Simulation of traffic guard • Traffic congestion • Same traffic patterns • Same traffic patterns • Penetration rate: • Penetration rate: 0 % Traffic Guard 10 % Traffic Guard Time
Location Location Location
Significant reduction of traffic congestion!
Group Research Slide 29 Motivation for integrating communication into vehicles
Improving road safety
Improving traffic efficiency
Providing up-to-date information services
Group Research Slide 30 Integration of online Internet services
Traffic information Fuel prices
Time tables
Restaurants and hotels Tourist information Current events
Group Research Slide 31 “auto@web“
Drivers of an „auto@web“ car can use their navigation system to …
• explore the map for interesting locations regarding travel, city life and leisure
• search the Internet for destinations
• retrieve highly current information about event venues and free park spaces
• listen to and rate online music and podcasts from the portal
Group Research Slide 32 Standardization is the enabler of cooperation
The minimum penetration rate for most safety applications is not achievable even for a large volume manufacturer The quality of car-to-car applications increases with higher penetration rate Cooperating vehicles must communicate in the same “language”
Freight is global, people are global, Volkswagen is global Proliferation of different standards increases time-to-market and costs
Let’s produce global ITS standards for a global world!
Group Research Slide 33 Harmonization of world -wide ITS standards
C2C-CC IEEE 802.11p + 1609.X working documents ISO CALM standards standards
ITS Station Reference Architecture
Applications
Facilities
Networking & Transport Security Security Management Management
Access Technologies
Group Research Slide 34 ITS Station Reference Architecture: “Alphabet” for a common ITS language
ITS Station Reference Architecture
Applications
Facilities
Networking & Transport Security Management
Access Technologies
Group Research Slide 35 Somebody sent me a text …
What did he write?
Drive, fool! It’s green! Thank you!
Group Research