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Feed the Future TAJIKISTAN 2015 Zone of Influence Interim Assessment Report February-March 2015

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Feed the Future TAJIKISTAN 2015 Zone of Influence Interim Assessment Report February-March 2015 Feed the Future TAJIKISTAN 2015 Zone of Influence Interim Assessment Report February-March 2015 Prepared for the United States Agency for International Development, USAID Grant Number AID-BFS-G-11-00002 Recommended Citation: International Food Policy Research Institute. 2016. Feed the Future Tajikistan 2015 Zone of Influence Interim Assessment Report. Washington, DC. IFPRI Contacts: Kamiljon Akramov, Research Fellow 2033 K Street, NW Washington, DC 20006 Tel: (202) 862-5600 ext. 5623 Email: [email protected] Allen Park, Research Analyst 2033 K Street, NW Washington, DC 20006 Tel: (202) 862-5600 ext. 4688 Email: [email protected] Acknowledgements This report was prepared by a team of IFPRI staff and consultants led by Kamiljon Akramov (Executive Summary, Chapters 1, 4, 8, and 10), including Allen Park (Executive Summary, Chapters 1-4, and 10, editing), Elizabeth Bageant (Chapters 5 and 7), Yanyan Liu (Chapter 9), and Hiroyuki Takeshima (Chapters 6 and 8). Kahramon Bakozoda, Gulnora Beknazarova, Abduaziz Kasymov, Ruslan Nabiev of Zerkalo Analytics Group made important contributions to the survey methodology and questionnaire, and organized the fieldwork in an excellent manner. Consultant Jacob Thompson contributed to fieldwork and coding of the tablet-based survey instrument. The IFPRI team thanks Tatiana Pulido from USAID’s Bureau for Food Security for her guidance and valuable contributions to the report. The support and contributions from USAID Mission to Tajikistan and various USAID-supported projects are gratefully acknowledged. The IFPRI team is indebted to many government officials and agencies, who provided inputs and invaluable help throughout the preparation and implementation of the Midline Population Survey, especially those in the Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Agency on Statistics under President of the Republic of Tajikistan. The team is especially grateful to the regional administration of Khatlon Province and local administrations of twelve districts in the Feed the Future zone of influence for information, clarifications, and assistance with organization of the fieldwork. The team also greatly benefited from discussions with representatives of various international organizations, including the World Bank, FAO, UNICEF, WFP, and GIZ. Table of Contents List of Tables ......................................................................................................................... iii List of Acronyms .......................................................................................................................... v Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................... 1 1. Background .......................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Feed the Future Overview ........................................................................................ 9 1.2 Feed the Future ZOI Profile ..................................................................................... 9 1.2.1 Rationale for ZOI Selection .................................................................... 11 1.2.2 Demography of the ZOI .......................................................................... 12 1.2.3 Community characteristics ..................................................................... 14 1.2.4 Agriculture in the ZOI ............................................................................. 15 1.3 Purpose of This Report ........................................................................................... 17 2. Methodologies for Obtaining Interim Values for Feed the Future Indicators .......... 18 2.1 Data Sources ............................................................................................................. 18 2.1.1 Primary Data: The Interim ZOI Survey in Tajikistan ........................ 19 2.1.2 Secondary Data ......................................................................................... 23 2.1.3 Comparability of Data Sources Used for the Interim ZOI Assessment ........................................................................................ 24 2.2 Measures and Reporting Conventions Used Throughout This Report ....... 25 2.2.1 Standard Disaggregates ............................................................................ 25 2.2.2 Reporting Conventions ............................................................................ 28 3. Interim ZOI Survey Population ........................................................................................... 29 3.1 Demographics ........................................................................................................... 29 3.2 Living Conditions ...................................................................................................... 32 3.3 Education .................................................................................................................... 34 4. Household Economic Status ................................................................................................ 36 4.1 Daily Per Capita Expenditures ............................................................................... 37 4.2 Prevalence and Depth of Poverty in the ZOI .................................................... 41 4.2.1 The $1.25 Poverty Threshold ................................................................ 41 4.2.2 The $1.90 Poverty Threshold ................................................................ 44 4.2.3 The National Poverty Threshold ........................................................... 45 4.2.4 The National Extreme Poverty Threshold .......................................... 48 5. Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture........................................................................... 50 5.1 Overview .................................................................................................................... 50 5.2 Agricultural Production and Income .................................................................... 53 5.3 Productive Resources .............................................................................................. 55 5.4 Leadership in the Community ............................................................................... 57 Feed the Future TAJIKISTAN 2015 Zone of Influence Interim Indicator Assessment i 5.5 Time Use .................................................................................................................... 59 6. Hunger and Dietary Intake .................................................................................................. 61 6.1 Household Hunger ................................................................................................... 61 6.2 Dietary Intake ............................................................................................................ 62 6.2.1 Dietary Diversity among Women Age 15-49 Years ......................... 62 6.2.2 Infant and Young Child Feeding ............................................................. 67 6.2.3 Consumption of Targeted Nutrient-Rich Value Chain Commodities .................................................................................. 73 7. Nutritional Status of Women and Children .................................................................... 78 7.1 Body Mass Index of Women Age 15-49 Years .................................................. 78 7.2 Stunting, Wasting, and Underweight among Children Under 5 Years ......... 80 7.2.1 Stunting (Height-for-Age) ........................................................................ 80 7.2.2 Wasting (Weight-for-Height) ................................................................. 83 7.2.3 Underweight (Weight-for-Age) ............................................................. 85 8. Migration and Remittances .................................................................................................. 88 8.1 Households with Migrants ...................................................................................... 88 8.2 Migrant Demographics and Occupational Characteristics .............................. 89 8.3 Duration of Migration .............................................................................................. 89 8.4 Reasons for Migration ............................................................................................. 90 8.5 Occupations Before and During Migration ......................................................... 90 8.6 Net Incomes From Migration ................................................................................ 92 8.7 Total Remittances .................................................................................................... 92 8.8 Remittances and Household Income ................................................................... 94 8.9 Returning Migrants ................................................................................................... 98 8.10 Migration, remittances and nutrition ................................................................. 100 9. Agriculture ..................................................................................................................... 102 9.1 Household Participation in Agriculture ............................................................. 102 9.2 Characteristics of Agricultural Plots .................................................................
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