KITAJSKA, PRILOŽNOST ALI TVEGANJE ZA NEMŠKO AVTOMOBILSKO INDUSTRIJO-PRIMER BMW China an Opportunity Or a Risk for the German Automobile Industry- the Case of BMW

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KITAJSKA, PRILOŽNOST ALI TVEGANJE ZA NEMŠKO AVTOMOBILSKO INDUSTRIJO-PRIMER BMW China an Opportunity Or a Risk for the German Automobile Industry- the Case of BMW UNIVERZA V MARIBORU EKONOMSKO-POSLOVNA FAKULTETA, MARIBOR Diplomski seminar KITAJSKA, PRILOŽNOST ALI TVEGANJE ZA NEMŠKO AVTOMOBILSKO INDUSTRIJO-PRIMER BMW China an Opportunity or a Risk for the German Automobile Industry- the Case of BMW Kandidat: Tine Grmek Program: Ekonomske in poslovne vede Študijska usmeritev: Ekonomija Mentor: dr. Rasto Ovin Študijsko leto: 2013/2014 Maribor, maj 2014 POVZETEK Nemška avtomobilska industrija je zelo pomembna za nemško gospodarstvo in zaposlovanje. Pomembni avtomobilski trgi za nemško avtomobilsko industrijo so poleg evropskega in ameriškega, še kitajski. Kitajska ima visoko gospodarsko rast in z njo se pove čuje tudi povpraševanje po avtomobilih. Ve čina kitajskih proizvajalcev avtomobilov je v državni lasti. Ker kitajskim proizvajalcev manjkajo izkušnje, se združujejo v »Joint Venture« z mednarodnimi proizvajalci vozil. Kitajski trg ima vedno ve čjo kupno mo č in kadar se Kitajec odlo či za nakup avtomobila želi nekaj konkretnega, zato so nemški avtomobili zelo priljubljeni. Na kitajskem se tudi veliko pri čakuje od elektri čnega avtomobila, saj bi pri proizvodnji le teh kitajski proizvajalci imeli konkuren čno prednost pred mednarodnimi proizvajalci, saj imajo veliko izkušenj z proizvodnjo baterij. V diplomskem seminarju je predstavljena tudi ena najuspešnejši globalnih znamk BMW in njeno sodelovanje z Brilliance na kitajskem trgu. Klju čne besede: nemška avtomobilska industrija, Joint Venture, kitajski proizvajalci vozil, kitajski avtomobilski trg, BMW ABSTRACT The German automotive industry is of great importance for the German economy and employment. Important automotive markets for the German automotive industry in addition to the EU and the U.S. is China. China has a high economic growth and this also increases the demand for cars. Most Chinese car manufacturers are state-owned. Because Chinese manufacturers lack the experience, they are combining in "Joint Venture" with international vehicle manufacturers. The Chinese market has an increasing purchasing power and when the Chinese people decide to buy a car, they want something concrete, so German cars are very popular. In China, a lot is expected of the electric car, because in the production of these Chinese producers could have a competitive advantage over international producers, because they have a lot of experience in the manufacture of batteries. The graduate seminar presents one of the most successful global brands BMW and its cooperation with Brilliance in the Chinese market. Keywords: German automotive industry, Joint Venture, Chinese vehicle manufacturers, Chinese car market, BMW 2 KAZALO VSEBINE 1 Uvod ................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Opredelitev podro čja in opis problema ........................................................................ 6 1.2 Namen in cilji dela ....................................................................................................... 6 1.2.1 Namen ................................................................................................................... 6 1.2.2 Cilji ........................................................................................................................ 6 1.3 Predpostavke in omejitve raziskave ............................................................................. 7 1.4 Predvidene metode raziskovanja ................................................................................. 7 2 Pomen avtomobilske industrije za nemško in evropsko gospodarstvo .............................. 8 2.1 Glavni akterji (OEM in dobaviteljev) ........................................................................ 10 2.2 Zaposlovanje v Nem čiji in Evropi ............................................................................. 10 2.3 Prispevek k industrijski dodani vrednosti v primerjavi z ostalimi državami ............. 11 2.4 Raziskave in razvoj, inovacije in luksuzna vozila ..................................................... 11 2.5 Globalizacija, premik u činek in na zaposlene............................................................ 12 2.6 Izziv za panogo v naslednjih letih .............................................................................. 12 3 Kitajska avtomobilska industrija ...................................................................................... 14 3.1 Gospodarski pomen avtomobilske industrije ............................................................. 16 3.2 Sestava avtomobilske industrije ................................................................................. 16 3.3 Doma či proizvajalci ................................................................................................... 17 3.3.1 Državna podjetja ................................................................................................. 17 3.3.2 Državno neodvisna podjetja ................................................................................ 20 3.3.3 Razvoj vozil......................................................................................................... 21 3.3.4 Kvaliteta proizvodov ........................................................................................... 21 3.4 Tuji proizvajalci ......................................................................................................... 21 4 Kitajski avtomobilski trg .................................................................................................. 24 4.1 Podatki in razvoj trga ................................................................................................. 24 4.2 Kitajski kupci vozil .................................................................................................... 25 4.3 Marketing in prodaja .................................................................................................. 26 4.4 Vladne subvencije za okolju prijazno vozilo ............................................................. 27 5 Trendi v kitajski avtomobilski industriji .......................................................................... 28 5.1 Raziskovanje in razvoj ............................................................................................... 28 5.2 Utrditev industrije ...................................................................................................... 28 5.3 Mednarodna širitev kitajskih proizvajalcev ............................................................... 29 5.4 Izboljšava zmogljivosti na podro čju elektri čne mobilnosti ....................................... 29 5.5 Avtomatizacija ........................................................................................................... 30 3 5.6 Pove čanje proizvodnih kapacitet ............................................................................... 31 6 BMW Group ..................................................................................................................... 33 6.1 Avtomobilski trgi ....................................................................................................... 34 6.2 BMW Brilliance Automotive ..................................................................................... 35 7 Sklep ................................................................................................................................. 37 8 Viri in literatura ................................................................................................................ 38 4 KAZALO SLIK Slika 1: Proizvodnja vozil v milijonih pol letih v ZDA, Nem čiji, Japonski in Kitajski ...... 14 Slika 2: Delež proizvedenih osebnih vozil od vseh proizvedenih vozil .............................. 15 Slika 3: Število proizvajalcev vozil na Kitajskem med leti 1956 in 2003 ........................... 16 Slika 4: Število proizvedenih vozil pod »Joint Venture« in samostojno od 5 najve čjih kitajskih proizvajalcev v letu 2010 ...................................................................................... 18 Slika 5: Število proizvedenih vozil od ne državnih kitajski proizvajalcev v letu 2010....... 20 Slika 6: Po številu proizvedenih osebnih vozil na Kitajskem razporejeni proizvajalci v letu 2009 ..................................................................................................................................... 22 Slika 7: Vrednost kitajskega avtomobilskega trga v ameriških dolarjih in letna sprememba med leti 2005 in 2009 .......................................................................................................... 24 Slika 8: Povpre čna urna pla ča na Kitajskem ....................................................................... 25 Slika 9: Delež prodaje osebnih vozil po razredih januar-maj 2011 ..................................... 26 Slika 10: letna proizvodnja vozil na Kitajskem ................................................................... 32 Slika 11: Delež prodaje vozil po trgih v letu 2013 .............................................................. 34 KAZALO TABEL Tabela 1: Proizvodnja avtomobilov in drugi podatki v Nem čiji leta 2012 in 2013 .............. 8 Tabela 2: Število prodanih vozil po trgih in državah v letu 2013 ....................................... 35 5 1 UVOD 1.1 Opredelitev podro čja in opis problema Nemška avtomobilska industrija je ena najmo čnejših avtomobilskih industrij na svetu. Zelo pomembna je tudi za nemško gospodarstvo in zaposlovanje. Od nje so odvisni tudi drugi sektorji, kot so industrijski, strojniški, kemijski,
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