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Updates and Observations on High Tunnel Production at DSAC

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Updates and Observations on High Tunnel Production at DSAC 2015 HIGH TUNNEL HEIRLOOM TOMATO & SPECIALTY HOT PEPPER VARIETY TRIALS Shelby Henning Department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS RESEARCH AND EDUCATION CENTERS * UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS RESEARCH AND EDUCATION * CENTERS * XXXXX XXXXX XXXXXX UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS RESEARCH X AND EDUCATION CENTERS XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX 2015 HT HEIRLOOM TOMATO TRIAL • Heirloom tomato • Advantages • Flavor • Unique appearance • Profitability • Disadvantages • Tender • Performance issues 2015 HT HEIRLOOM TOMATO TRIAL • Heirloom tomato • Health benefits? • Lycopene - anticancer • Improved transportation & appearance?? • Breaker vs. vine ripe? • HT performance in N IL? www.tasti-lee.com http://www.burpee.com/vegetables/tomatoes/saladette/tomato- health-kick-hybrid-prod000992.html 2015 HT HEIRLOOM TOMATO TRIAL • 22 tomato cultivars Lycopene vs. polyphenols • 20 indeterminate • 2 determinate • 8 Replicates • - 4 analyzed as breakers • - 4 analyzed as vine-ripe • Seeded March 18 • Planted May 9 • Weekly harvests (7/30 – 9/9) 2015 HT TOMATO CULTIVAR TRIAL • Indeterminate • Spaced at 18” in row spacing • Pruned to a single leader • Trained onto single twine • Determinate • Spaced at 18 inches • Pruned to first sucker below first cluster • Trained onto single twine • Fertigated weekly with calcium nitrate and potassium nitrate @ 7 lb 8 oz. N/A TOMATO VARIETIES • Amish Gold Slicer • Gold Medal • Pareso • Arkansas Traveler • Green Zebra • Ponderosa Red • Aunt Ruby's German Green • Health Kick • Sakura • Big beef • Hillbilly Potato Leaf • Stupice • Black Krim • Japanese Black Trifele • Tasti-Lee • Brandywine • Kellog's Breakfast • Cherokee Purple • Mortgage Lifter • Favorita • Nyagous • German Pink 2015 HT TOMATO & BELL PEPPER CULTIVAR TRIAL • Insect Pest Problems • Hornworm • Mosquitos • Disease Problems • No biotic disease that appeared significant July 23, 2015 Sept. 9, 2015 PRELIMINARY DATA PRELIMINARY DATA RED WINE = 263 mg/100 ml WHITE WINE = 39 mg/100 ml • No significant differences between breakers allowed to ripen and vine ripe for pH, brix, and polyphenols for preliminary investigations • More work needs to be done to validate the results # of Variety Fruit Weight (Oz.) 1's 2's U.M. Avg. Wt. (Oz.) Percent Marketable Amish gold slicer 154 1238.9 127 17 10 8.5 93.5 Arkansas Traveler 214 1077.3 176 31 7 5.0 96.7 Aunt Ruby's german green 103 1259.1 68 19 16 14.0 84.5 Big beef 238 2066.4 214 22 2 9.8 99.2 Black krim 112 1361.5 69 28 15 12.0 86.6 Brandywine 90 928.2 52 25 13 13.5 85.6 Cherokee purple 106 1032.8 57 30 19 10.3 82.1 118 Favorita 1191 771.2 6 4 1 0.6 99.9 German Pink 100 1582.8 74 16 10 16.3 90.0 Gold Medal 82 1299.6 57 18 7 18.1 91.5 Green Zebra 122 2438.0 99 14 9 2.9 92.6 107 Health Kick 1087 3100.1 5 5 7 2.8 99.4 Hillbilly Potato Leaf 103 1349.1 48 31 24 15.7 76.7 Japanese black trifele 226 1255.6 205 17 4 5.6 98.2 Kellog's Breakfast 103 1691.5 64 24 15 18.0 85.4 Mortgage Lifter 111 1218.9 78 20 13 15.0 88.3 Nyagous 276 1258.6 238 27 11 4.6 96.0 111 Pareso 1144 739.7 9 2 23 0.6 98.0 Ponderosa Red 126 1249.6 70 30 26 10.4 79.4 Weekly harvests (7/30 – 9/9) 115data shown is for 8 plants/variety Sakura 1156 877.8 2 4 0 0.7 100.0 Herbs and vegetables planted down the sides of the tunnel • Basil • Sage • Dill • Thyme • Savory • Swiss chard • Fennel • Edible marigold (tangerine gem, Borage) Absolutely no water after establishment 2015 HT SPECIALTY HOT PEPPER CULTIVAR TRIAL • Lots of interest in superhot & novelty peppers ($?) • Not much known about performance of these unique pepper varieties • How do the perform in a high tunnel in N IL? • Health benefits? • Just how hot are they? Fatali pepper 2015 HT SPECIALTY HOT PEPPER CULTIVAR TRIAL • Spaced at 18” in row spacing • 3 feet between rows • Fertigated weekly with calcium nitrate and 20-0-20 @ 7 lb 8 oz. N/A • Harvested weekly (8/7-9/9) Fatali pepper HOT PEPPER VARIETIES • 7 Pot • Garden Bird Pepper • Peach Habanero • Bhut Jolokia • Giant Ghost Pepper • Red Habanero • Brain Strain • Giant Jalapeno • Red Moruga Scorpion • Starfish • Bulgarian Carrot • Mayan Habanero • Tasmanian Habanero • Carolina Reaper • Mustard Habanero • Tobago Habanero • Chocolate Habanero • Naga Viper • Trinidad Scorpion 'Butch T' • Fatali • Orange habanero • White Habanero 6/19/2015 PHOTOS – 06/23 PHOTOS – 07/01 KNOW YOUR SEED SUPPLIER Carolina Reaper? Carolina Reaper? Look for (online) reviews – make sure seed supplier sells true to type varieties with good germination Talk to other growers Name # WEIGHT (OZ.) AVERAGE FRUIT WEIGHT (oz) 7 pot 57 16.7 0.3 Brain strain 125 52.8 0.4 Carolina reaper 138 40.9 0.3 Chocolate habanero 431 160.4 0.4 Fatali 516 148.5 0.3 Garden bird 836 47.9 0.1 Giant ghost 30 10.1 0.3 Giant jalapeno 169 252.9 1.5 Mayan habanero 533 138.1 0.3 Mustard habanero 91 307.4 3.4 Naga viper 369 128.4 0.3 Orange habanero 150 49.3 0.3 Peach habanero 203 111.7 0.5 Red habanero 200 78.7 0.4 Red moruga scorpion 176 54.2 0.3 Starfish 279 91.6 0.3 Tazmanian habanero 292 113.3 0.4 Tobago 488 119.8 0.2 Trinidad scorpion 42 13.8 0.3 White habanero 121 8.6 0.1 Yatusufa 892 76.2 0.1 Harvested weekly (8/7-9/9) data shown is for 3 plants of each variety Polyphenol Concentration of Unripe and Ripe Peppers 2500.00 2000.00 1500.00 1000.00 500.00 Polyphenol Content (mg/100g) Polyphenol 0.00 Red Moruga Scorpion (green) Red Moruga Scorpion (red) Giant Jalepeno (Green) Giant Jalepeno (Red) Wine (red) Wine (white) 800 644.17 700 655.28 600 425.07 500 386.19 400 300 232.35 200 100 0 Mulato Isleno Serrano Pepper Finger Pepper Yatzey Pepper Habenero Habenero Giant Jalepeno Literature Value Average Value Serrano Pepper 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Polyphenol Content (28 mg Gallic acid/100g raw pepper fruit ) PEPPER TRIAL CAPSAICIN DETERMINATION • Reference: Scoville, L. W. (1912). Note on Capsicums. The Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association, 1, 453 – 454. PEPPER TRIAL CAPSAICIN DETERMINATION • 1.00 g dried pepper in 95% alcohol for 2 days. • Serial dilutions are made until no heat is detected by a panel of 5 tasters • A single unit of dilution is called a Scoville Heat Unit (SHU) PEPPER TRIAL SCOVILLE PRELIMINARY RESULTS Trinidad moruga scorpion Red Habanero Red Habanero (Green) Bhut Jolokia Jalapeño Hungarian Yellow Pepper Serrano Pepper 0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000 1200000 CHOCOLATE HABANERO NAGA VIPER 7 POT PEPPER BHUT JOLOKIA MUSTARD HABANERO BRAIN STRAIN MANZANO THANK YOU QUESTIONS/COMMENTS?.
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