The Grand Bull Pen: Confederate Captives at Point Lookout, 1863 - 1865
The Grand Bull Pen: Confederate Captives at Point Lookout, 1863 - 1865 by James Michael Bartek Submitted in Partial Fulfillment ofthe Requirements for the Degree of Master ofArts in the History Program YOUNGSTOWN STATE UNIVERSITY August, 2002 The Grand Bull Pen: Confederate Captives at Point Lookout, 1863 - 1865 James Michael Bartek I hereby release this thesis to the public. I understand that this thesis will be made available from the OhioLINK ETD Center and the Maag Library Circulation Desk for public access. I also authorize the University or other individuals to make copies ofthis thesis as needed for scholarly research. ! Signature: ames Michael Bartek, Student Date Approvals: ~2y-tJ:2- Dr. Frederick~J. Blue:TSiSAdViSOI' Date I~/f- 0 2-- Dr. Donna Deblasio, Committee Member Date \~~,~>.... .......-."'>J2~"".'-'-." .') "' ", -,C, - 2C',O~ Dr. Martha Pallante, Committee Member Date ABSTRACT Constructed on the tip ofthe peninsula where the Potomac River joins the Chesapeake Bay, Point Lookout, Maryland served as the Union's largest prisoner of war camp for Confederate soldiers during the Civil War. During the two years of its existence, from July 1863, to June 1865, Point Lookout overflowed with inmates, surpassing its intended capacity of 10,000 to a population that at one point reached well over 20,000 captives. In all, over 50,000 men, both military and civilian, were held there. Prisoners, who sometimes lived sixteen or more to a tent, were subjected to habitually short rations, limited firewood in winter, and often inexperienced and trigger-happy guards. Further exacerbating the problems, in 1864 Federal authorities decided to cut the ration and clothing allowance to rebel captives throughout the North in retaliation for alleged mistreatment and torture of Union captives in the South.
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