2018 Inductees

Marvin Caruthers...... 2

Stan Honey...... 3

Sumita Mitra...... 4

Arogyaswami Paulraj...... 5

Jacqueline Quinn...... 6

Ronald Rivest...... 7

Adi Shamir...... 8

Leonard Adleman...... 9

Ching Wan Tang...... 10

Steven Van Slyke...... 11

Warren S. Johnson...... 12

Howard S. Jones Jr...... 13

Mary Engle Pennington...... 14

Joseph C. Shivers Jr...... 15

Paul Terasaki...... 16 2018 NATIONAL INVENTORS HALL OF FAME INDUCTEE Marvin Caruthers Chemical Synthesis of DNA U.S. PATENT NOS. 4,415,732 & 4,458,066

In the early 1980s, biochemist Marvin Caruthers and his team at Born the University of Colorado-Boulder developed the methods for February 11, 1940 chemically synthesizing DNA — a breakthrough that dramatically advanced biological research and helped launch the biotechnology industry. Caruthers’ work transformed protein and DNA synthesis Primary Connections from highly specialized basic research into a widely used research, • University of Colorado-Boulder, diagnostic and forensic tool. Distinguished Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1973-present The ability to synthesize DNA, rapidly and in the lab, enables researchers to learn how certain genetic sequences are formed, and • Co-founder of several biotech to locate and isolate genes for selected proteins. Early clinical studies companies including Amgen, Applied on drugs stemming from Caruthers’ techniques showed remarkable Biosystems, Array BioPharma and benefits for patients with severe kidney disease and cancer. miRagen Therapeutics

Caruthers began working on improving the reliability of DNA synthesis while in the doctoral program at Northwestern University, Education and continued his research at the University of Wisconsin-Madison • Iowa State University, B.S., Chemistry, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. As a faculty member 1962 at the University of Colorado-Boulder, he developed key advances • Northwestern University, Ph.D., such as adopting a more stable solid substrate onto which growing Biochemistry, 1968 molecules could be attached. He also devised methods making it possible to manufacture and ship DNA synthesis reagents on a • University of Wisconsin-Madison, commercial scale. Caruthers’ procedures have been incorporated Postdoctoral Fellowship, 1968-70 into “gene machines” automating synthetic DNA production used • Massachusetts Institute of Technology, by biochemists, biologists, molecular biologists and biophysical Postdoctoral Fellowship, 1970-72 chemists in multiple research applications. More recently, his procedures have been adapted for use with modified inkjet printers to synthesize DNA on glass chips. Key memberships/awards • American Chemical Society (ACS) Award The co-founder of several successful biotech companies, including for Creative Invention, 2014 Amgen and Applied Biosystems, he holds 43 U.S. patents and has received numerous awards, including the 2006 U.S. National Medal of • U.S. National Medal of Science, 2006 Science. • National Academy of Sciences (NAS), Award for Chemistry in Service to Society, 2005

A pioneer in the field of sports television graphics, Stan Honey Born has transformed the viewing experience of millions of sports fans. April 8, 1955 Innovations developed by Honey and his team at Sportvision, now owned by SMT, include the Virtual Yellow 1st & Ten® Line, introduced on Sept. 27, 1998, during an ESPN-televised game between the Primary Connections Baltimore Ravens and the Cincinnati Bengals. Now ubiquitous in • News Corp., Executive VP for football, the superimposed yellow line has been hailed as one of the Technology, 1992-98 most important developments in sports broadcast technology since • America’s Cup Event Authority, Director the debut of instant replay in 1963. of Technology, 2010-14 Other advances led by Honey at Sportvision include K-Zone™, a • Co-founder of Etak and Sportvision baseball pitch tracking and highlighting system; RACEf/x®, which tracks NASCAR racers using GPS; and LiveLine™, a helicopter- mounted, GPS-tracked camera system first implemented during the Education 2013 America’s Cup in conjunction with GPS tracking on the race • Yale University, B.S., Engineering and boats and marks. Applied Science, 1978

A native of San Marino, Calif., Honey earned his B.S. in engineering • Stanford University, M.S., Electrical and applied science at Yale University. While working as a research Engineering, 1983 engineer at SRI International, he completed his MSEE at Stanford University. He then co-founded Etak Inc., a company that pioneered Key memberships/awards automobile navigation systems and digital mapping that was sold in 1989 to News Corp., where Honey served as executive vice president • 3 National Academy of Television Arts of technology from 1993 until co-founding Sportvision in 1998, where and Sciences Sports Emmy Awards he remained until 2003. • National Sailing Hall of Fame, 2012 Honey holds 31 patents in television graphics and in navigation • Sports Broadcasting Hall of Fame, 2017 technology and tracking.

He has received numerous awards, including three Emmys for technical and engineering innovations in sports television broadcasts, and is a member of the Sports Broadcasting Hall of Fame. A professional yachtsman and navigator, Honey was the 2010 Yachtsman of the Year, and is a 2012 inductee of the National Sailing Hall of Fame. As navigator, Honey has set records for transatlantic, transpacific, circumnavigation and 24-hour passages under sail.

In the late 1990s, Sumita Mitra, a chemist at 3M Oral Care (the dental Born products division of 3M Company), invented the first dental material February 27, 1949 to include nanoparticles. The new composite, called Filtek™ Supreme Universal Restorative, was a versatile material that mimicked the esthetics of natural teeth, had better polish retention and exhibited superior Primary Connections mechanical properties than existing dental composites. • 3M Company, Corporate Scientist, 1978-2010 Mitra and her multidisciplinary team looked outside the realm of traditional dental materials technologies to develop the innovative • University of Minnesota School of material. They developed unique nanomeric and nanoclustered filler Dentistry, Industrial Director at the particles that they combined to generate a composite system that University of Minnesota’s School had excellent paste-handling properties and, when cured, provided of Dentistry Minnesota Dental superior optical properties both initially and long-term, while exhibiting Research Center for Biomaterials and excellent mechanical strength and wear resistance. Filtek Supreme’s Biomechanics, 2000-10 improvements over standard composites included versatility of use due to its excellent lasting esthetics, ability to withstand fracture, low Education shrinkage during curing and extremely good resistance to wear. Tooth- colored composites provide the ability to preserve more of a patient’s • Presidency University (India), B.S., natural tooth structure and do not pose similar health and environmental Chemistry, 1969 concerns as with amalgam fillings containing mercury. Moreover, Filtek • University of Calcutta (India), M.S., Supreme was attractive enough to fill front teeth, and strong enough for Organic Chemistry, 1972 all teeth, even molars, which exert heavy chewing pressure. • University of Michigan, Ph.D., Organic/ The first-generation Filtek Supreme Restorative was launched in 2002, Polymer Chemistry, 1977 followed by the second generation in 2005. In 2012, 3M ESPE launched the third generation, Filtek Supreme Ultra. The Filtek Supreme product Key memberships/awards line has been highly successful commercially, and it has been used in more than 600 million restorations worldwide since its initial launch. • American Chemical Society (ACS), Regional Industrial Innovation Award, Mitra holds 98 U.S. patents and their international equivalents. Her 2004 inventions have led to many breakthrough dental technologies, including • American Chemical Society, Hero of nanocomposites, resin-modified glass ionomers and dental adhesives. Chemistry, 2009 Other products that have resulted from her innovations include Viteremer™ and Vitrebond™ Resin-modified Glass Ionomers, RelyX™ • International Association for Dental Luting Cements, Scotchbond Multipurpose™ Adhesive and APC™ Research (IADR) Peyton-Skinner Award Orthodontic Bracket Adhesive. for Innovation in Dental Materials, 2012

Arogyaswami Paulraj pioneered MIMO — Multiple Input, Multiple Output Born — a wireless technology that has revolutionized broadband wireless April 14, 1944 Internet access for billions of people worldwide. MIMO improves both transmission data rates and expands network coverage. It is the essential foundation for all current (WiFi and 4G mobile) and future broadband Primary Connections wireless communications. • Stanford University, Professor Emeritus, Paulraj’s MIMO concept requires multiple antennas at both the 1992-present transmission and reception stations, unlike prior radio technologies. These • Founder of Rasa Networks and Iospan multiple antennas, along with appropriate transmitter coding and receiver Wireless. Co-founder of Beceem decoding, enable spatial multiplexing in which multiple parallel data Communications. streams (equal to the number of antennas) can be delivered over a single radio channel to boost speed. Beamforming, using the multiple antennas at both ends, improves coverage. Education Naval College of Engineering (India), Born in Pollachi, Tamil Nadu, India, Paulraj joined the Indian Navy at • age 15. The Navy, impressed with his academic record, sent him to the B.Eng., 1966 Indian Institute of Technology (Delhi), where he earned a doctorate • Indian Institute of Technology, Ph.D., for advances to signal-filtering theory. The loss of an Indian naval ship Electrical Engineering, 1973 from submarine action in the 1971 Indo-Pakistan War brought Paulraj to sonar technology, and he successfully advanced the Indian Navy’s sonar capability. Later, in 1977, he led the design of the APSOH sonar Key memberships/awards that became the fleet sonar of the Indian Navy, ushering in India’s global • American Association for the leadership in this vital technology. Advancement of Science (AAAS), Fellow, Paulraj later founded three national labs in India — spanning artificial 2009 intelligence, computing and military electronics — before moving to the • IEEE, Alexander Graham Bell Medal, United States to join the faculty at Stanford University. Shortly after joining 2011 Stanford, while working on wireless experiments, he noticed surprising • Marconi Prize and Fellowship, 2014 results in signal separability that became the genesis of MIMO.

In 1998, Paulraj founded Iospan Wireless Inc., and he built a MIMO- based cellular wireless technology that became the basis for WiMAX and LTE mobile networks. Iospan was acquired by Intel in 2004. He then co-founded Beceem Communications, which became a global leader in WiMAX semiconductors and was acquired by Broadcom in 2010. Currently professor emeritus at Stanford, Paulraj holds 79 patents and has received numerous awards, including the 2014 Marconi Prize.

An environmentally safe clean-up technology called emulsified Born zero-valent iron, or EZVI, was co-invented by NASA environmental July 19, 1967 engineer Jacqueline Quinn and a team of researchers from the University of Central Florida in the late 1990s. Quinn and her team developed EZVI to combat contaminants left over from space Primary Connections exploration’s early years, when NASA used chlorinated solvents as • NASA Kennedy Space Center, Research degreasers for rocket engine parts. The solvents, classified as Dense Engineer, 1989-present Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPLs), are sources of environmental contamination at thousands of government and private-industry facilities. Heavier than water, DNAPLs sink into the ground and can Education pollute fresh water sources if left untreated. • Georgia Institute of Technology, B.S., Civil Engineering, 1989 EZVI works by placing nanoscale zero-valent iron particles into a surfactant-stabilized, biodegradable water-in-oil emulsion. This • University of Central Florida, M.S., emulsion is injected into DNAPL-contaminated groundwater where Environmental Engineering, 1994 the system acts like a sponge, pulling the contaminant into the • University of Central Florida, Ph.D., emulsion. Then, reacting with the zero-valent iron, the contaminant Environmental Engineering, 1999 breaks down into harmless byproducts.

The EZVI system eliminates the need to dig up contaminated water Key memberships/awards and soil, requires less treatment time, produces less toxic and more • NASA Commercial Invention of the Year, biodegradable byproducts, and is cost-competitive. Now licensed 2005 for commercial use, EZVI has decontaminated groundwater supplies on government sites; near plants that manufacture dyes, chemicals, • EZVI inducted into the Space pharmaceuticals, adhesives, aerosols and paint; and in dry cleaning, Technology Hall of Fame, 2007 leather tanning, and metal cleaning and degreasing facilities. • Florida Inventors Hall of Fame, Inductee, 2016 Quinn holds 11 patents and continues to invent other technologies for environmental remediation, a field in which she is a recognized authority.

RSA Cryptography is the world’s most widely used public-key Born cryptography method for securing communication on the Internet. May 6, 1947 Instrumental in the growth of e-commerce, RSA is used in almost all Internet-based transactions to safeguard sensitive data such as credit card numbers. Primary Connections • Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Introduced in 1977 by MIT colleagues Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir and Professor of Electrical Engineering and Leonard Adleman, RSA — its name derived from the initials of Computer Science, 1974-present their surnames — is a specific type of public-key cryptography innovated in 1976 by Whitfield Diffie, Martin Hellman and Ralph • Co-founder of RSA Data Security Merkle. Intrigued by their research, Rivest, with Shamir and Adleman, and VeriSign. developed cryptographic algorithms and techniques to practically enable secure encoding and decoding of messages between Education communicating parties. • Yale University, B.S., Mathematics, 1969 Unlike previous methods requiring securely exchanged keys • Stanford University, Ph.D., Computer to encrypt and decrypt messages, RSA provided a method for Science, 1974 encryption and decryption without both parties needing a shared secret key. RSA could also mark messages with a digital signature, and allowed originators to create messages intelligible only to Key memberships/awards intended recipients; third parties intercepting such transmissions • National Cyber Security Hall of Fame, would find them indecipherable. Inductee, 2012 In 1982, the inventors founded RSA Data Security. In 1995, VeriSign • Information Systems Security was founded as a spin-off of RSA Data Security’s certification services Association (ISSA) Hall of Fame, business. RSA Data Security was acquired by EMC in 2006. Inductee, 2014

Rivest remains on the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Named on more than 25 U.S. patents, Rivest has received numerous awards, including the 2007 Marconi Prize and, with Shamir and Adleman, the 2002 Association for Computing Machinery A.M. Turing Award.

RSA Cryptography is the world’s most widely used public-key Born cryptography method for securing communication on the Internet. July 6, 1952 Instrumental in the growth of e-commerce, RSA is used in almost all Internet-based transactions to safeguard sensitive data such as credit card numbers. Primary Connections • Weizmann Institute of Science (Israel), Introduced in 1977 by MIT colleagues Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir and Computer Science and Applied Leonard Adleman, RSA — its name derived from the initials of Mathematics Professor, 1980-present their surnames — is a specific type of public-key cryptography innovated in 1976 by Whitfield Diffie, Martin Hellman and Ralph • Co-founder of RSA Data Security Merkle. Intrigued by their research, Shamir, with Rivest and Adleman, developed cryptographic algorithms and techniques to practically Education enable secure encoding and decoding of messages between communicating parties. • Tel Aviv University (Israel), B.Sc., Mathematics, 1973 Unlike previous methods requiring securely exchanged keys • Weizmann Institute of Science, M.Sc., to encrypt and decrypt messages, RSA provided a method for Computer Science, 1975 encryption and decryption without both parties needing a shared secret key. RSA could also mark messages with a digital signature, • Weizmann Institute of Science, Ph.D., and allowed originators to create messages intelligible only to Computer Science, 1977 intended recipients; third parties intercepting such transmissions would find them indecipherable. Key memberships/awards In 1982, the inventors founded RSA Data Security. In 1995, RSA • International Association for Cryptologic Data Security spun out the digital certificate side of the business Research (IACR), Fellow, 2004 as VeriSign. Today, millions of copies of the RSA encryption and • National Cyber Security Hall of Fame, authentication technologies are installed worldwide. Inductee, 2012 A native of Tel Aviv, Israel, Shamir is a faculty member at Israel’s • Information Systems Security Weizmann Institute. He continues his work in cryptography and has Association (ISSA) Hall of Fame, received multiple honors, including the 2002 ACM A.M. Turing Award Inductee, 2014 shared with Rivest and Adleman.

RSA Cryptography is the world’s most widely used public-key Born cryptography method for securing communication on the Internet. December 31, 1945 Instrumental in the growth of e-commerce, RSA is used in almost all Internet-based transactions to safeguard sensitive data such as credit card numbers. Primary Connections • University of Southern California, Introduced in 1977 by MIT colleagues Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir and Professor of Computer Science, Leonard Adleman, RSA — its name derived from the initials of 1980-present their surnames — is a specific type of public-key cryptography innovated in 1976 by Whitfield Diffie, Martin Hellman and Ralph • Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Merkle. Intrigued by their research, Rivest, with Shamir and Adleman, Associate Professor, 1976-80 developed a cryptosystem to enable secure message encoding and • Co-founder of RSA Data Security decoding between communicating parties. As Rivest and Shamir worked to develop an unbreakable key system, Adleman tried to break each one, doing so 42 times before the trio achieved success. Education • University of California-Berkeley, B.S., Unlike previous methods requiring securely exchanged keys Mathematics, 1968 to encrypt and decrypt messages, RSA provided a method for encryption and decryption without both parties needing a shared • University of California-Berkeley, Ph.D., secret key. RSA could also mark messages with a digital signature, Computer Science, 1976 and allowed originators to create messages intelligible only to intended recipients; third parties intercepting such transmissions Key memberships/awards would find them indecipherable. • Association for Computing Machinery A distinguished professor at the University of Southern California, (ACM), A.M. Turing Award, 2002 Adleman is also known for his work in number theory and as the • National Cyber Security Hall of Fame, father of the field of DNA computation. He has received numerous Inductee, 2012 awards, including the 2002 ACM A.M. Turing Award with Rivest and Shamir. • Information Systems Security Association (ISSA) Hall of Fame, Inductee, 2014

Chemists Ching Wan Tang and Steven Van Slyke pioneered the organic Born light-emitting diode (OLED) — an advance in flat-panel displays found July 23, 1947 in computers, cell phones and televisions that provides increased power efficiency, longer battery life and improved display quality. Primary Connections Born in Hong Kong, Tang received his higher education in Canada and • Eastman Kodak, Distinguished Research the United States, and he joined Eastman Kodak in 1975. After hiring Fellow, 1975-2006 Van Slyke, they applied the organic heterojunction, a bilayer structure of an electron donor and an electron acceptor invented by Tang, to • University of Rochester, Professor, 2006- various applications including OLEDs. OLEDs can be used wherever 17; Professor Emeritus, 2017-present LCDs are used. They are thinner, lighter, provide superior brightness • Hong Kong University of Science and and color, and offer ultra-fast response time for functions such as Technology, Professor, 2013-present refreshing and on-off switching. Unlike LCDs that rely on a backlight that passes through color filters to produce light, OLED screens utilize luminescent organic materials to make their own light. Education • University of British Columbia, B.S., The first OLED product was a display for a car stereo, commercialized Chemistry, 1970 by Pioneer in 1997. Kodak’s EasyShare LS633 digital camera, introduced in 2003, was the first consumer electronic product • Cornell University, Ph.D., Physical incorporating a full-color OLED display. The first television featuring an Chemistry, 1975 OLED display, produced by Sony, entered the market in 2008. Today, Samsung uses OLEDs in all its smartphones, and LG manufactures Key memberships/awards large OLED screens for premium TVs. Other companies currently incorporating OLED technology include Apple, Google, Facebook, • Eastman Kodak Innovation Award, 2000 Motorola, Sony, Hewlett-Packard, Panasonic, Konica, Lenovo, Huawei, • IEEE Daniel E. Noble Award for BOE, Philips and Osram. The OLED display market is expected to grow Emerging Technologies, 2007 to $57 billion by 2026. • Consumer Technology Association (CTA) Tang, named on 84 patents, also invented the first heterojunction Consumer Technology Hall of Fame, organic solar cell. Professor emeritus at the University of Rochester and Inductee, 2013 currently with the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Tang has received numerous awards for his work on organic materials and electronics, including the 2011 Wolf Prize in Chemistry, and the 2004 American Chemical Society Award for Team Innovation, an honor he shares with Van Slyke.

Steven Van Slyke and Ching Wan Tang pioneered the organic light- Born emitting diode (OLED), an advance in flat-screen displays found July 19, 1956 in computers, cell phones and televisions that provides increased power efficiency, longer battery life and improved display quality. Primary Connections Van Slyke launched his 30-year career at Eastman Kodak in • Eastman Kodak, Research Fellow and 1979, when he and Tang began developing OLED technology. Director of OLED Solid State Lighting, OLEDs can be used wherever LCDs are used. They are thinner, 1979-2010 lighter, provide superior brightness and color, and offer ultra- fast response time for functions such as refreshing and on-off • Kateeva, Chief Technology Officer, switching. Unlike LCDs that rely on a backlight that passes through 2010-present color filters to produce light, OLED screens utilize luminescent organic materials to make their own light. Education The first OLED product was a display for a car stereo, • Ithaca College, B.A., Chemistry, 1979 commercialized by Pioneer in 1997. Kodak’s EasyShare LS633 • Rochester Institute of Technology, M.S., digital camera, introduced in 2003, was the first consumer Materials Science, 1988 electronic product incorporating a full-color OLED display. The first television featuring an OLED display, produced by Sony, entered the market in 2008. Today, Samsung uses OLEDs in all Key memberships/awards its smartphones, and LG manufactures large OLED screens for • Eastman Kodak Innovation Award, 2000 premium TVs. Other companies currently incorporating OLED technology include Apple, Google, Facebook, Motorola, Sony, • Consumer Technology Association (CTA) Hewlett-Packard, Panasonic, Konica, Lenovo, Huawei, BOE, Philips Consumer Technology Hall of Fame, and Osram. The OLED display market is expected to grow to $57 Inductee, 2013 billion by 2026.

A leading authority on OLED technology, he holds 40 patents related to OLED materials and device architecture, and he has received numerous awards including the 2004 American Chemical Society Award for Team Innovation, an honor he shares with Tang. Today, Van Slyke is Chief Technology Officer at Kateeva, which is pioneering inkjet printing technology enabling high-volume manufacturing of flexible and large-size OLEDs.

Warren Johnson was born in 1847 in Leicester, Vt., to Born Died homesteading farmers. Two years later, the family moved to November 6, 1847 December 5, 1911 Wisconsin, where the largely self-taught Johnson would become a pioneer of temperature-regulation technologies. His innovations and the company he co-founded, Johnson Controls, helped launch Primary Connections the multi-billion-dollar building controls industry. • University of Wisconsin-Whitewater (formerly Whitewater Normal School), In 1876, Johnson began teaching at Whitewater Normal School, Professor and Head of the Department where classrooms were heated by basement hot-air furnaces. of Natural Science, 1876-85 The system yielded fluctuating classroom temperatures; hand- operated dampers located at the basement furnaces were the • Johnson Controls (formerly Johnson sole, inefficient means of adjustment. Each hour, a custodian Electric Service Company), Co-founder entered classrooms to assess temperature, then opened or closed and Vice President, Treasurer and dampers as needed. The ongoing disruption spurred Johnson to General Manager, 1885-1911 develop a practical solution, leading to his 1883 patent for the bi- metallic thermostat. This eliminated hourly interruptions, but still Education required manual intervention. Johnson improved the electric room thermostat by incorporating compressed air with electricity, which • Largely self-taught automated operation of the valves and dampers. In 1885, Johnson left teaching to concentrate fully on advancing his technology. Key memberships/awards In 1895, Johnson introduced the first multi-zone automatic • American Society of Mechanical temperature control system commercially feasible for widespread Engineers (ASME) Historic Mechanical application. The Johnson System of Temperature Regulation was Engineering Landmark, 2008 used in commercial buildings, offices and schools, and it also was installed in the U.S. Capitol, the Smithsonian Institution, the New York Stock Exchange, West Point Military Academy and the home of industrialist Andrew Carnegie. In 2008, it was designated an ASME Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark.

Johnson also created and commercialized early steam-powered motor vehicles, experimented with wireless communications, and designed large pneumatic clock towers. He held more than 30 U.S. patents.

Howard Jones invented the conformal antenna, a type of antenna Born Died found in applications including rockets, missiles and spacecraft. August 18, 1921 February 26, 2005 His innovations in antenna technology dramatically expanded the capabilities of U.S. defense and space systems, and continue to impact defense systems to this day. Primary Connections • Harry Diamond Laboratories, U.S. Army Until Jones’ breakthrough, most antennas — vital for the guidance Research Laboratory (ARL), Chief of of military, air, space and weapon fuzing systems — were Microwave Research, 1946-80 separately added on to the structures they enhanced, a practice that created drag during flight. Jones conceived of antennas • Howard University, Adjunct Professor, designed to conform to the aerodynamic shape of a projectile, School of Engineering; Professor, School resolving challenges related to size, weight, volume and electrical of Engineering, 1959-63 and 1981-82 properties to realize his idea. His first patent on conformal antennas launched the development of a class of conformal antennas that Education achieved his vision, and reduced — or eliminated — the problem of drag. Unlike previous antennas, conformal antennas improved • Virginia Union University, B.S., electrical performance and reduced both weight and cost. Mathematics and Physics, 1943 • Howard University, Certificate in Born in Richmond, Va., Jones carried out much of his work for Engineering, 1944 the U.S. Army Research Labs at the National Bureau of Standards (now NIST) and the Harry Diamond Laboratories, where he retired • Bucknell University, M.S., Electrical as chief of microwave research. His lightweight arrays benefited Engineering, 1973 spacecraft, including the Voyager, and many military systems such as the U.S. Army’s Patriot missile. Jones also contributed to Key memberships/awards the “smart skin” technology developed for radar-evading, stealth technology aircraft. He also designed and developed state-of-the- • U.S. Army Meritorious Civilian Service art microwave, radio-frequency, VHF and multi-frequency antennas. Award, 1976 and 1980 • American Association for the A recipient of many honors, including the IEEE Harry Diamond Advancement of Science (AAAS), Fellow Award, Jones held 31 patents. • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Fellow, 1970

Mary Engle Pennington was a pioneer in the safe preservation, Born Died handling, storage and transportation of perishable foods. A October 8, 1872 December 27, 1952 bacteriological chemist, food scientist and refrigeration engineer, Pennington devoted most of her career to the study of refrigeration and its application to food freshness and safety. Her work Primary Connections impacted the health and well-being of generations of Americans. • U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Bureau of Chemistry (later the U.S. Food Pennington studied chemistry at the University of Pennsylvania, and Drug Administration),1905-19 receiving a certificate of proficiency in 1892 — at the time, the university denied degrees to women — and her doctorate in 1895 at age 22. Education In 1905, Pennington joined the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s • University of Pennsylvania, Certificate Bureau of Chemistry, which later evolved to become the U.S. of Proficiency in Chemistry, Botany and Food and Drug Administration (FDA). After the passage of 1906’s Zoology, 1892 Pure Food and Drug Act, she became chief of the Food Research • University of Pennsylvania, Ph.D., Laboratory, making her the FDA’s first female lab chief. There, she Chemistry, 1895 developed the standards for the safe processing of chicken and the • University of Pennsylvania, Fellow in safety procedures to help avoid bacterial contamination of milk. Botany, 1895-96 Pennington also researched and devised spoilage-free methods of • Yale University, Fellow in Physiological storing and shipping poultry, eggs and other perishable foods that Chemistry, 1897-99 were adopted by the food handling industry; developed a process for scaling, skinning, quick-freezing and dry-packing fish fillets immediately after the catch; and traveled the nation investigating Key memberships/awards the efficiency of refrigerated boxcar design. She established • American Society of Heating, national standards for ice-cooled refrigerator cars, recommended Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning standards for construction and insulation, and solved the problem Engineers (ASHRAE), Fellow, 1947 of humidity control in cold storage. • National Women’s Hall of Fame, A noted authority on refrigeration and its application to food, Inductee, 2002 Pennington’s patented inventions included a poultry-cooling • American Association for the rack, a bacteria-resistant method of treating eggs, and a sterile Advancement of Science (AAAS), Fellow, food products container. She was serving as consultant and vice 1900 president of the American Institute of Refrigeration when she died at 80 in 1952.

One of the top clothing innovations of the 20th century was Born Died invented at DuPont during the 1950s by chemist Joseph Shivers. November 29, 1920 September 1, 2014 While working as a researcher developing polymers, Shivers created LYCRA®, the stretchy synthetic fiber known generically as spandex. Today, LYCRA exists throughout the garment industry Primary Connections — from sportswear and undergarments to high fashion — and it • DuPont, Technical Director of the fibers has found applications in other areas including healthcare, home department, 1946-80 furnishings and the automotive industry. • Canisius College, Instructor In 1946, Shivers joined DuPont, where his work included perfecting Orlon and then Dacron polyester, before looking for a synthetic Education elastomer to replace the heavy rubber threads then necessary for foundation garments. After using an intermediate substance to • Duke University, B.Sc. with honors, modify Dacron, Shivers achieved a stretchy fiber that thickened, Organic Chemistry, 1942 bounced, withstood high temperatures and could be spun into • Duke University, M.A., Organic filaments. Unlike rubber, Shivers’ fiber could stretch five times its Chemistry, 1943 original length while retaining its elasticity and recovering near to • Duke University, Ph.D., Organic its original dimensions. LYCRA was also lightweight, smooth and Chemistry, 1946 soft; stronger and more durable; and could withstand exposure to perspiration, lotions and detergents. Key memberships/awards In 2004, DuPont sold its Invista synthetic fibers business, which included LYCRA, to Koch Industries for $4.4 billion. The steadily • DuPont, Lavoisier Medal for Technical growing global spandex market is estimated to exceed $5 billion Achievement, 1995 by 2020. LYCRA is known as elastane in Europe and throughout • American Association of Textile most of the world. Chemists and Colorists (AATCC), Olney Medal for achievement in textile Shivers’ honors included DuPont’s Lavoisier Medal, awarded to chemistry, 1998 scientists whose extraordinary achievements result in significant business impact and enduring scientific value. • American Chemical Society (ACS), Member

In the 1960s, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) professor Born Died Paul Terasaki invented a tissue-typing test that became an September 10, 1929 January 25, 2016 international standard for matching potential organ donors with recipients. The procedure — used for kidney, heart, liver, pancreas, lung and bone marrow donors and recipients — remained for Primary Connections decades the most common method of HLA antibody screening. • UCLA, Professor, Department of Terasaki also founded the first kidney transplant registry, and Surgery, 1969-99 his contributions to developing a cold-storage solution for • Co-founder, One Lambda Inc., 1984 kidney preservation during shipping helped define the field of transplantation science. • Founder, Terasaki Research Institute, 2000

Terasaki’s parents emigrated from Japan. In 1942, when he was 12, Terasaki and his parents, two brothers and an aunt were interned Education at the Gila River Relocation Camp in Arizona. Three years later, the • UCLA, B.A., Preventive Medicine and family moved to Chicago, where Terasaki finished high school. He Public Health, 1950 earned a B.A. in preventive medicine and public health, and M.S. • UCLA, M.S., Zoology, 1952 and Ph.D. degrees in zoology from UCLA; it was there that Terasaki began investigating the cellular and molecular basis of tissue • UCLA, Ph.D., Zoology, 1956 rejection. Seeking a better way to detect antibodies, he developed the microcytotoxicity test, a procedure enabling quick determination Key memberships/awards of the HLA types of both recipient and donor. Terasaki’s microscale test permitted 1,000 tests to be performed with only 1 mL of serum. • American Society of Transplantation The test also led to advances in several peripheral fields, proved an (AST), Lifetime Achievement Award, 1997 important tool in anthropology, and contributed to the field of bone • University Kidney Research Organization marrow transplantation. (UKRO), Lifetime Achievement Award, 2012 In 1984, Terasaki co-founded One Lambda to market the assay plate — The Terasaki Tray — used as the micro test apparatus. Thermo • U.S.-Japan Council Lifetime Achievement Fisher Scientific acquired One Lambda in 2012. Award, 2014

Following his retirement in 1999, he established the Terasaki Research Institute, a center dedicated to solving problems limiting the success of organ transplantation. In 2014, for his commitment to preserving the history of Japanese-Americans, Terasaki received the U.S.-Japan Council Lifetime Achievement Award.