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Promote Or Protect? Perspectives on Media Literacy and Media Regulations Promote Yearbook 2003 Promote or Protect? or Protect? and Media Regulations Media and Literacy Media on Perspectives Perspectives on Media Literacy The International Clearinghouse on Children, Youth and Media and Media Regulations A UNESCO Initiative 1997 Editors: Cecilia von Feilitzen and Göteborg University Nordic Council of Ministers Ulla Carlsson and Ulla Carlsson (eds.) Carlsson Ulla and Feilitzen von Cecilia NORDICOM Göteborg University Box 713 The International Clearinghouse on SE 405 30 GÖTEBORG Children, Youth and Media Tel. +46 31 773 10 00. Fax +46 31 773 46 55 E-mail: [email protected] NORDICOM www.nordicom.gu.se Göteborg University ISSN 1403-4700 Yearbook ISBN 91-89471-23-7 2003 The International The International Clearinghouse Published yearbooks Clearinghouse on Children, on Children, Youth and Media Youth and Media, at One of the most important tasks of The International A UNESCO INITIATIVE 1997 Nordicom Clearinghouse on Children, Youth and Media is publication of its yearbook. Göteborg University Box 713 Five yearbooks have previously been released. SE 405 30 GÖTEBORG, Sweden In 1997, the Nordic Information Centre for Media and Communication Research (Nordicom), Göteborg Web site: Cecilia von Feilitzen & Ulla Carlsson (eds.): Cecilia von Feilitzen & Ulla Carlsson (eds): http://www.nordicom.gu.se University Sweden, began establishment of the Children, Young People and Media Children in the New Media Landscape. Games, International Clearinghouse on Children, Youth and DIRECTOR: Ulla Carlsson Globalisation. Yearbook 2002. Pornography, Perceptions. Yearbook 2000. Media, financed by the Swedish government and SCIENTIFIC CO-ORDINATOR: UNESCO. The overall point of departure for the The Yearbook 2002 contains research examples The 2000 yearbook contains three topics focused on Cecilia von Feilitzen illustrating the role of media globalisation in the new media landscape: violence in video and Tel:+46 8 608 48 58 Clearinghouses efforts with respect to children, youth childrens and young peoples lives in different parts computer games, pornography on TV and the Fax:+46 8 608 41 00 and media is the UN Convention on the Rights of the of the world. The transnational media and media Internet, and audiences perceptions of violence and E-mail: [email protected] Child. contents - imported television programmes, sex in the media. The reason why these subjects The aim of the Clearinghouse is to increase INFORMATION CO-ORDINATOR: satellite TV, the Internet, video and computer have been highlighted here is related to the in- Catharina Bucht awareness and knowledge about children, youth and games, popular music, global advertising and creased and changed media output facilitated by new Tel: +46 31 773 49 53 media, thereby providing a basis for relevant policy- merchandised products - are to a grat extent used technology and to the consequences of this new Fax: +46 31 773 46 55 making, contributing to a constructive public debate, E-mail: used by children and are, as well, increasingly situation, primarily as concerns children and young [email protected] and enhancing childrens and young peoples media targeting children. What does this mean for media people. The research on video and computer games, literacy and media competence. Moreover, it is hoped production? For childrens cultural identity and and on childrens relationships to pornography on the that the Clearinghouses work will stimulate further participation in society? For digital and economic Internet and in other media, is new and poses, THE C LEARINGHOUSE divides among children both within and between therefore, also many questions. IS LOCATED AT NORDICOM research on children, youth and media. The International Clearinghouse on Children, Youth richer and poorer countries? A separate section of Nordicom is an organ of the book presents recent statistics on children in co-operation between the Nordic and Media informs various groups of users Cecilia von Feilitzen & Ulla Carlsson (eds): the world and media in the world. countries Denmark, Finland, researchers, policy-makers, media professionals, Children and Media. Image, Education, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. The voluntary organisations, teachers, students and Participation. Yearbook 1999. overriding goal and purpose is to interested individuals about Compiled and written by Cecilia von Feilitzen make the media and communication The 1999 yearbook mediates knowledge on initiatives & Catharina Bucht: Outlooks on Children and efforts undertaken in the Nordic and activities that promote childrens competence as research on children, young people and Media. Child Rights, Media Trends, Media Re- countries known, both throughout media users. Presented in this edition is a number of and far beyond our part of the search, Media Literacy, Child Participation, media, with special attention to media articles by scholars, educators, media practitioners world. Declarations. Yearbook 2001. violence and representatives of voluntary organisations from Nordicom uses a variety of chan- nels newsletters, journals, books, The aim of Yearbook 2001, Outlooks on Children and around the world who work with media education databases to reach researchers, research and practices regarding media Media, is to give a broad outline of children and and childrens participation in the media. Among students, decision-makers, media education and childrens/young peoples media in the world, focusing on media literacy in the other additional features in this volume are sections practitioners, journalists, teachers participation in the media manifold sense of the word. The concept of media on how children are represented in the media, as and interested members of the literacy has been given a great many definitions well as international and regional declarations and general public. worldwide, something that is touched upon in the resolutions concerning children and the media. Nordicom works to establish and measures, activities and research concerning book. What we have in view here is knowledge of strengthen links between the childrens and young peoples media children and media, and efforts made to realise Nordic research community and environment. Ulla Carlsson & Cecilia von Feilitzen (eds): childrens rights in this respect, not least their right colleagues in all parts of the world, Children and Media Violence. Yearbook 1998. both by means of unilateral flows to influence and participate in the media. The Fundamental to the work of the Clearinghouse is the and by linking individual yearbook contains a review of recent and current In this first yearbook, great importance is placed on creation of a global network. The Clearinghouse researchers, research groups and international trends in media literacy including re- research into the influences of media violence on institutions. publishes a yearbook and a newsletter. Several search on children and media that is, summarising children and youth. With the aim of increasing Nordicom also documents media bibliographies and a worldwide register of organisations examples of/references to research and practices, awareness and knowledge about children, youth and trends in the Nordic countries. The concerned with children and media have been compiled. important conferences and declarations related to the media violence, the Clearinghouse is dedicated to joint Nordic information addresses users in Europe and further afield. This and other information is available on the area, and a selection of relevant organisations and promoting a comprehensive picture of the findings The produc-tion of comparative Clearinghouses web site: www.nordicom.gu.se/ web sites. based on decades of international research in the media statistics forms the core of clearinghouse.html area. The book also contains, among other things, this service. articles on childrens media situation, statistics on Nordicom is funded by the children and media around the world, an overview of Nordic Council of Ministers. regulations controlling the media, etc. Promote or Protect? Perspectives on Media Literacy and Media Regulations Yearbook 2003 Promote or Protect? Perspectives on Media Literacy and Media Regulations Editors: Cecilia von Feilitzen and Ulla Carlsson The International Clearinghouse on Children, Youth and Media NORDICOM Göteborg University Yearbook 2003 Promote or Protect? Perspectives on Media Literacy and Media Regulations Editors: Cecilia von Feilitzen and Ulla Carlsson © Editorial matters and selections, the editors; articles, individual con- tributors (with two exceptions, see page 197 and 249) ISSN 1403-4700 ISBN 91-89471-23-7 Published by: The International Clearinghouse on Children, Youth and Media Nordicom Göteborg University Box 713 SE 405 30 GÖTEBORG Sweden Cover by: Roger Palmqvist Printed by: Grafikerna Livréna i Kungälv AB, Sweden, 2004 Contents Foreword Ulla Carlsson 7 Promote or Protect? Perspectives on Media Literacy and Media Regulations: Introduction Cecilia von Feilitzen 9 Media Regulation, Self-Regulation and Education. Debunking Some Myths and Retooling Some Working Paradigms Divina Frau-Meigs 23 Where Are We Going and How Can We Get There? General Findings from the UNESCO Youth Media Education Survey 2001 David Buckingham & Kate Domaille 41 Managing without a Mandate. The Grassroots Momentum of Media Education in the USA Joanne M. Lisosky 55 Media Literacy and Image Education. A European Approach Matteo Zacchetti 63 Media Literacy Initiatives in Citizens’ Rights to Communication – the
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