Fresh Innovators Put Ideas Into Action in Robot Contest March 2010 Texas Instruments 3
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WHITE PAPER Jean Anne Booth Director of WW Stellaris Marketing Fresh Innovators Put and Customer-Facing Engineering Sue Cozart Applications Engineer Ideas into Action in Robot Contest Introduction The annual FIRST® Robotics Challenge (FRC) inspires young men and women to explore applications of motors to make good use of mechanical Texas Instruments puts tools motion in imaginative ways, all in the name of a real-life game. In doing so, in the hands of creators of these high school students learn to work on a team toward a common goal, tomorrow’s machine control stretch their knowledge and exercise their creativity, apply critical thinking and systems. develop a strategic game plan, and move from theoretical and book learning to practical application of concepts, all the while learning valuable lessons that will help them in the workplace and in life throughout their adulthood. But as much as anything, the FIRST® programs are designed to interest children in science and math by making it fun and engaging through the use of robots. Texas Instruments is one of the FRC suppliers, lending its motor control technology to the materials and tool kit from which each team of students builds its robot. The Stellaris® microcontroller-based motor control system and software used by the students is from the same Jaguar® developer's kit used by professionals to build sophisticated motion-control systems used in industry day in and day out. The easy-to-use kits let naive high school students, as well as industry professionals, control various types of motors in complex systems without having to comprehend the underlying algorithms in use or details of the microcontroller (MCU) program code that is implementing the algorithms. The same way a cook can prepare a tasty meal without understanding the complex chemical reactions brewing at the stove top, the high school student or industry robotics designer can put together an efficient, smoothly moving mechanical system by setting a few simple parameters in pre-configured software and sequencing operations to fit the needs of the equipment. FIRST ®– The FIRST® Robotics Challenge is the most advanced of a number of robotic “For Inspiration and Recognition design programs set up to interest children through young adults in the of Science and Technology” Robotic Programs application of scientific principles to make machines perform tasks under Junior FIRST LEGO League ages 6-9 automatic control. FIRST®, an acronym for, “For Inspiration and Recognition of FIRST LEGO League ages 9-14 Science and Technology” and these contests are the embodiment of an idea FIRST Tech Challenge ages 14-18 advanced by inventor and entrepreneur Dean Kamen, well-known inventor of FIRST Robotics Competition ages 14-18 the Segway® Human Transporter, nearly twenty years ago. Every year, the contests draw nearly 50,000 students and 10,000 mentors and teachers to spur on the budding engineers. The variety of the resulting robots show the range of imagination going into the machines, and the robots' sophistication demonstrate 2 Texas Instruments the learning that goes into their creation, while watching the competition in action clearly shows the student’s interest to be as enthusiastic as for any sport. The Game Let's face it. The FIRST® Robotics Competition (FRC) isn't just about building things. It's about a game. It's a full size, real-life game. It involves balls, goals, people, rules, strategy, machines, and lots of action. It involves fun and somebody wins, but more importantly, everybody gets to play. Each year the game is different but there are common themes from year to year and concepts familiar to anybody who plays a sport. It helps to have played games before, and teams that have participated in prior years have a leg up, even though game specifics change each year. What Makes Students Want to band. Many become leaders in leadership approaches until something works. It may Build Robots? organizations. The team works around be the challenge of the game that Mark's schedule, who devotes his eventually excites the student, out- Hundreds of thousands of students Monday nights to Eagle Scout activities. scoring the other teams, playing are attracted to the prospect of building a Many come from families with a defensively and offensively against both robot. The reasons for their enthusiasm proclivity for engineering or industrial man and machine, and seeing how the are as varied as their backgrounds. But design. Liz’s dad runs the town's welding strategies and design choices made the characteristics that do show up in shop. during the building of the robot play out in these students point to the beginnings of Most have tinkered with robots the actual playing field. a productive adulthood and successful before, be it building Lego Mindstorms or It's being involved in the design of career. And the building of the machines NXT, breaking into mom's Roomba, or the robot, working late into the night and the competition between teams let just running a Robosapien. Ross sees because you want to, not because these high school students nurture new robotics as a wide-open frontier ripe with somebody tells you to. Going to the robot interests and reveal hidden personal opportunity, whereas automobiles have lab is the highlight of Katie’s day and she abilities. The more a student does the already been pretty well worked over the digs deep to understand how all the parts work himself or herself, the better he or last hundred years. It's a great point of work together. It's the satisfaction of she learns from the experience. What are view for a guy with 50 years of career seeing your idea prove to be an the kids like? Why do they do it? What do ahead of him. advantage during the game, and the they learn? Why do they return the next These aren't just typical nerds, disappointment when too much jostling year? though. Ross is now a freshman at knocks a rail out of alignment and the The students that join Robotics clubs Purdue. Many are active in sports. Emily team has to scramble to fix it before the and participate in FIRST® and other runs cross-country when she's not next match. It's seeing shy Daniel crawl robot-building contests are typically very fine-tuning program sequences and a out of his silence to lead the discussion interested in science and mathematics. couple other students play lacrosse. on the advantages of partnering with one But they might not excel in the classroom. Playing video games is one common team versus another. It's starting on the The theory of books and chalk boards pastime of team members. The game team not knowing how she'll contribute, might be esoteric, but the robotics strategies and controls dexterity but shining in the final week as Melanie experience can translate theory and developed over the years of practice late becomes the key electrical person. formulae into a real-world application with at night and after class will prove valuable It's applying the math and physics a visible purpose. experience during the head-to-head learned two years ago to determine the This isn't just a laboratory where you competition. Of course, the opponents ideal speed for the throwing arm to swing. follow instructions until the liquid turns also are well-trained in this area. The It's maximizing traction by ramping up the green or you find the frog's stomach. This faculty sponsor is the basketball coach motor speed rather than just jamming it to is an open-ended project. These kids start with an eye for spotting, nurturing, and full speed - by simply using an algorithm with a Kit of Parts and have a vague idea blending kids' special abilities to make the already implemented in software drivers of what they eventually need to do, but most complete whole. rather than having to explicitly pulse the the journey really is more important than Some students just want to work current to the rotors in increasing the destination and they have to plan with friends on projects. For many, the frequency. every step of the way based on hundreds interest is in translating the imagination to The four wheel independently- of decisions. reality like the constant rebuilding of the steered and -driven mechanism can turn They may enjoy working in groups or blocks, Legos, Lincoln Logs, and Erector out to be so complex that it hasto be being a part of a larger movement. Lisa sets of childhood, fueled by watching scrapped at the 11th hour and replaced plays the clarinet in the school marching how-to programs on TV. For others it's the with a simpler, workable two-motor band, and specializes in the elite jazz problem solving, trying different (continued at top of next page) Fresh Innovators Put Ideas into Action in Robot Contest March 2010 Texas Instruments 3 (continued from bottom of previous page) more the grown-ups doing the work, with cardboard, Velcro, and tie wraps on system that relies on the wheels to slide pitting their own skills against the race-day. on the field surface. Sometimes the ideas competition while the children watch The best way to judge the success are a little too grand for the time and without really understanding. of a team is probably to look into the resources available. Teams may work with CAD tools, students' eyes and listen to their The playing field isn't always level. It machine shops, and simulators, but the enthusiasm as they explain their project, can be kids against adults.