DOCSLIB.ORG

Bibliometric Analysis of Social Robotics Research: Identifying Research Trends and Knowledgebase

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bibliometric Analysis of Social Robotics Research: Identifying Research Trends and Knowledgebase applied sciences Review Bibliometric Analysis of Social Robotics Research: Identifying Research Trends and Knowledgebase Cristian Mejia * ID and Yuya Kajikawa Department of Innovation, Graduate School of Innovation Management, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 108-0023, Japan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 10 October 2017; Accepted: 13 December 2017; Published: 18 December 2017 Abstract: As robotics becomes ubiquitous, there is increasing interest in understanding how to develop robots that better respond to social needs, as well as how robotics impacts society. This is evidenced by the growing rate of publications on social robotics. In this article, we analyze the citation network of academic articles on social robotics to understand its structure, reveal research trends and expose its knowledgebase. We found eight major clusters, namely robots as social partners, human factors and ergonomics on human robot interaction, robotics for children’s development, swarm robotics, emotion detection, assessment of robotic surgery, robots for the elderly and telepresence and human robot interaction in rescue robots. In addition, despite its social focus, social science literature as a source of knowledge is barely present. Research trends point to studies on applications, rather than to specific technologies or morphologies, and in particular, towards robots as partners, for child development and assistance for the elderly. Keywords: social robotics; bibliometric analysis; network analysis; knowledgebase; citation analysis; clustering; trends 1. Introduction Robotic technologies are becoming ubiquitous. Robots are expanding beyond the structured and repetitive environments of factories to take positions in the service sector, not only for professional, but also for personal and domestic use. However, these new workplaces present challenges. Not only are they unstructured environments, but the tasks at hand are more complex with requirements varying constantly. Even more importantly, there is a frequent interaction with users in this setting. Robots are now situated in a social context, where users unconsciously project norms that are intrinsically human to the machines [1]. Therefore, robotic technologies are expected to fit certain social norms in order to facilitate interaction. Social robotics as a field of research appears to bring a better understanding of this complexity. Social robotics is defined as “the study of robots that interact and communicate among themselves, with humans, and with the environment, within the social and cultural structure attached to their roles” [2]. Journals and conferences usually attempt to confine the field by focusing on topics like affective and cognitive science for socially-interactive robots, biomechatronics, intelligent control and artificial intelligence for social robotics, social attention, tracking and gaze, and so on [2,3]. This field also overlaps with other subfields of robotics, computer science and engineering. Therefore, social robotics must be understood in the context of the greater field of robotics. However, while there is plenty of literature tackling the definition and characteristics of social robots [4–8], no research has tried to comprehend social robotics as a field. The objective of this article is to study the structure of social robotics research. We intend to answer the following questions: What is the position of social robotics in the general landscape of Appl. Sci. 2017, 7, 1316; doi:10.3390/app7121316 www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci Appl.Appl. Sci.Sci. 2017,, 77,, 13161316 22 ofof 1718 robotics? What are the main topics of research? What are its research trends and knowledgebase. robotics?When research What topics are the are main young, topics it is ofexpected research? thatWhat the community are its research of researchers trends and involved knowledgebase. has a good Whenunderstanding research topicsof the arecore young, research it is trends. expected However, that the as community the topic grows, of researchers having a involved complete has overview a good understandingbecomes challenging. of the core Computer-based research trends. approaches However, asare the helpful topic grows,to sort having such difficulties. a complete overviewThey can becomesbring a comprehensive challenging. Computer-based and unbiased picture approaches regardless are helpful of the to size sort of such the difficulties.field [9]. For They that canpurpose, bring awe comprehensive use bibliometrics, and unbiased which is picture the application regardless of of thecomputer-based size of the field techniques [9]. For that for purpose, the analysis we use of bibliometrics,publication data, which in this is the case application academic ofarticles computer-based published in techniques journals or for conference the analysis proceedings. of publication data,Bibliometrics in this case academic has become articles an important published tool in journals to grasp or the conference entire perspective proceedings. of a research domain, especiallyBibliometrics when the has amount become of publication an important is toollarge to and grasp its delimitation the entire perspective is complex. of By a researchexploring domain, several especiallyfeatures ofwhen academic the amountarticles, ofwe publication can expose is the large pillars and of its knowledge delimitation by is which complex. a research By exploring field is severalsupported features [10]. ofAdditionally, academic articles, the taxonomy we can exposeof a field the can pillars be revealed of knowledge by creating by which maps a researchof science, field or isacademic supported landscapes. [10]. Additionally, Various techniques the taxonomy have ofbeen a field used can to bemap revealed a large bycorpus creating of literature, maps of science,such as ormaps academic of all scientific landscapes. knowledge Various techniques[11] or mapping have been specific used ones to map like a nanobiotechnology large corpus of literature, [12]. such as mapsBibliometric of all scientific techniques knowledge have [11 been] or mapping previously specific applied ones to likethe nanobiotechnologyfield of robotics. An [12 overview]. of the fieldBibliometric has been techniques conducted have to discover been previously the strengths applied and to weaknesses the field of robotics.of Japanese An robotics overview [13], of theGoeldner field has et al. been analyzed conducted patents to discoverand publications the strengths on care-robotics and weaknesses [14], and of Japanese Ittipanuvat robotics et al. [[15]13], Goeldnerused academic et al. landscapes analyzed patents to establish and publicationsconnections onbetween care-robotics robotics [ 14and], andgerontology. Ittipanuvat Publications et al. [15] usedin the academic field have landscapes also been to linked establish to social connections issues betweendetected roboticsin news andarticles gerontology. [16]. By using Publications similar inmethodologies, the field have we also explore been th linkede case to of social social issuesrobotics. detected in news articles [16]. By using similar methodologies, we explore the case of social robotics. 2. Materials and Methods 2. Materials and Methods A summary of the data collection and treatment is shown in Figure 1. Data were collected from A summary of the data collection and treatment is shown in Figure1. Data were collected from the the Web of Science, a widely-used database of bibliographic information. The Web of Science Web of Science, a widely-used database of bibliographic information. The Web of Science incorporates incorporates the Science Citation Index Expanded, the Social Sciences Citation Index and the Arts & the Science Citation Index Expanded, the Social Sciences Citation Index and the Arts & Humanities Humanities Citation Index, covering more than 18,000 journals and conference proceedings. We Citation Index, covering more than 18,000 journals and conference proceedings. We searched for social searched for social robotics articles by querying “robot* and soci*” in the Web of Science search robotics articles by querying “robot* and soci*” in the Web of Science search engine. The asterisk engine. The asterisk serves as a wild card, allowing one to extract articles having words starting with serves as a wild card, allowing one to extract articles having words starting with “robot” or “soci” “robot” or “soci” (e.g., robots, robotics, social, society) in either the title, abstract or keywords. A total (e.g., robots, robotics, social, society) in either the title, abstract or keywords. A total of 7129 articles of 7129 articles was found. However, such an approach is prone to retrieve articles containing the was found. However, such an approach is prone to retrieve articles containing the query that may not query that may not be directly related to the field. To filter out the unrelated articles, we used the be directly related to the field. To filter out the unrelated articles, we used the properties of the citation properties of the citation networks. We focused on articles that included at least one reference to another networks. We focused on articles that included at least one reference to another article in the retrieved article in the retrieved dataset and neglected the rest. Ultimately, 3334 (46.8%) articles matched this dataset and neglected the rest. Ultimately, 3334 (46.8%) articles matched this condition. condition. FigureFigure 1.1. DataData collectioncollection andand methodologymethodology
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Artificial Intelligence and the Ethics of Self-Learning Robots Shannon Vallor Santa Clara University, [email protected]
    Santa Clara University Scholar Commons Philosophy College of Arts & Sciences 10-3-2017 Artificial Intelligence and the Ethics of Self-learning Robots Shannon Vallor Santa Clara University, [email protected] George A. Bekey Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.scu.edu/phi Part of the Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Vallor, S., & Bekey, G. A. (2017). Artificial Intelligence and the Ethics of Self-learning Robots. In P. Lin, K. Abney, & R. Jenkins (Eds.), Robot Ethics 2.0 (pp. 338–353). Oxford University Press. This material was originally published in Robot Ethics 2.0 edited by Patrick Lin, Keith Abney, and Ryan Jenkins, and has been reproduced by permission of Oxford University Press. For permission to reuse this material, please visit http://www.oup.co.uk/academic/rights/permissions. This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Arts & Sciences at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Philosophy by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND 22 THE ETHICS OF SELF - LEARNING ROBOTS Shannon Va ll or and George A. Bekey The convergence of robotics technology with the science of artificial intelligence (or AI) is rapidly enabling the development of robots that emulate a wide range of intelligent human behaviors.1 Recent advances in machine learning techniques have produced significant gains in the ability of artificial agents to perform or even excel in activities for­ merly thought to be the exclusive province of human intelligence, including abstract problem-solving, perceptual recognition, social interaction, and natural language use.
    [Show full text]
  • A Retrospective of the AAAI Robot Competitions
    AI Magazine Volume 18 Number 1 (1997) (© AAAI) Articles A Retrospective of the AAAI Robot Competitions Pete Bonasso and Thomas Dean ■ This article is the content of an invited talk given this development. We found it helpful to by the authors at the Thirteenth National Confer- draw comparisons with developments in avia- ence on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-96). The tion. The comparisons allow us to make use- piece begins with a short history of the competi- ful parallels with regard to aspirations, moti- tion, then discusses the technical challenges and vations, successes, and failures. the political and cultural issues associated with bringing it off every year. We also cover the sci- Dreams ence and engineering involved with the robot tasks and the educational and commercial aspects Flying has always seemed like a particularly of the competition. We finish with a discussion elegant way of getting from one place to of the community formed by the organizers, par- another. The dream for would-be aviators is ticipants, and the conference attendees. The orig- to soar like a bird; for many researchers in AI, inal talk made liberal use of video clips and slide the dream is to emulate a human. There are photographs; so, we have expanded the text and many variations on these dreams, and some added photographs to make up for the lack of resulted in several fanciful manifestations. In such media. the case of aviation, some believed that it should be possible for humans to fly by sim- here have been five years of robot com- ply strapping on wings.
    [Show full text]
  • Robot Theatre Marek Perkowski 1
    Towards Robot Theatre Marek Perkowski 1. History of robot theatre 2. Modern robot theatre 3. Robot theatre at PSU 4. Models of robot theatre 5. Research topics on Robot Theatre 6. Future Robot Theatre History of Robot Theatre From antiquity until 1996 Heron’s Book Automata Robot Theatre of Hero • A collection of constructions called miracles of Alexandria (thaumata) for temples. • Heron describes automatic rotating objectives, noise such as thunder, automatic opening doors. • Philon from Byzanz describes the existence of automata in his book Mechaniki syntaxis, that includes pneumatic apparatus and automatic astronomical devices as early as 300 BC. Albertus Magnus and his robot head Albertus is recorded as having made a mechanical automaton in the form of a brass head that would answer questions put to it. Knight of Leonardo Da Vinci 1. Leonardo's robot refers to a humanoid automaton designed by Leonardo da Vinci around the year 1495. 2. The design notes for the robot appear in sketchbooks that were rediscovered in the 1950s. 3. It is not known whether or not an attempt was made to build the device during da Vinci's lifetime. 4. Since the discovery of the sketchbook, the robot has been built faithfully based on Leonardo's design; this proved it was fully functional. Duck of Vaucanson • The Canard Digérateur, or Digesting Duck, was an automaton in the form of a duck, created by Jacques de Vaucanson in 1739. • The mechanical duck appeared to have the ability to eat kernels of grain, and to metabolize and defecate them Constructed and unveiled in 1770 by Wolfgang von Turk of Kempelen Kempelen (1734–1804) to impress the Empress Maria Theresa • The Turk was in fact a mechanical illusion that allowed a human chess master hiding inside to operate the machine.
    [Show full text]
  • An Ethical Framework for Smart Robots Mika Westerlund
    An Ethical Framework for Smart Robots Mika Westerlund Never underestimate a droid. Leia Organa Star Wars: The Rise of Skywalker This article focuses on “roboethics” in the age of growing adoption of smart robots, which can now be seen as a new robotic “species”. As autonomous AI systems, they can collaborate with humans and are capable of learning from their operating environment, experiences, and human behaviour feedback in human-machine interaction. This enables smart robots to improve their performance and capabilities. This conceptual article reviews key perspectives to roboethics, as well as establishes a framework to illustrate its main ideas and features. Building on previous literature, roboethics has four major types of implications for smart robots: 1) smart robots as amoral and passive tools, 2) smart robots as recipients of ethical behaviour in society, 3) smart robots as moral and active agents, and 4) smart robots as ethical impact-makers in society. The study contributes to current literature by suggesting that there are two underlying ethical and moral dimensions behind these perspectives, namely the “ethical agency of smart robots” and “object of moral judgment”, as well as what this could look like as smart robots become more widespread in society. The article concludes by suggesting how scientists and smart robot designers can benefit from a framework, discussing the limitations of the present study, and proposing avenues for future research. Introduction capabilities (Lichocki et al., 2011; Petersen, 2007). Hence, Lin et al. (2011) define a “robot” as an Robots are becoming increasingly prevalent in our engineered machine that senses, thinks, and acts, thus daily, social, and professional lives, performing various being able to process information from sensors and work and household tasks, as well as operating other sources, such as an internal set of rules, either driverless vehicles and public transportation systems programmed or learned, that enables the machine to (Leenes et al., 2017).
    [Show full text]
  • Nudging for Good: Robots and the Ethical Appropriateness of Nurturing Empathy and Charitable Behavior
    Nudging for Good: Robots and the Ethical Appropriateness of Nurturing Empathy and Charitable Behavior Jason Borenstein* and Ron Arkin** Predictions are being commonly voiced about how robots are going to become an increasingly prominent feature of our day-to-day lives. Beyond the military and industrial sectors, they are in the process of being created to function as butlers, nannies, housekeepers, and even as companions (Wallach and Allen 2009). The design of these robotic technologies and their use in these roles raises numerous ethical issues. Indeed, entire conferences and books are now devoted to the subject (Lin et al. 2014).1 One particular under-examined aspect of human-robot interaction that requires systematic analysis is whether to allow robots to influence a user’s behavior for that person’s own good. However, an even more controversial practice is on the horizon and warrants attention, which is the ethical acceptability of allowing a robot to “nudge” a user’s behavior for the good of society. For the purposes of this paper, we will examine the feasibility of creating robots that would seek to nurture a user’s empathy towards other human beings. We specifically draw attention to whether it would be ethically appropriate for roboticists to pursue this type of design pathway. In our prior work, we examined the ethical aspects of encoding Rawls’ Theory of Social Justice into robots in order to encourage users to act more socially just towards other humans (Borenstein and Arkin 2016). Here, we primarily limit the focus to the performance of charitable acts, which could shed light on a range of socially just actions that a robot could potentially elicit from a user and what the associated ethical concerns may be.
    [Show full text]
  • Administrators Guide to First Robotics Program Expenses
    ADMINISTRATORS GUIDE TO FIRST ROBOTICS PROGRAM EXPENSES FIRST has 4 programs under the umbrella all foCused on inspiring more students to pursue Careers in sCienCe, teChnology, engineering, and mathematiCs. All of the programs use a robot Competition exCept the youngest group which is for K-3 and it is more of a make-it/engineering expo. Junior FIRST LEGO league (JrFLL) for students kindergarten through third grade is a researCh/design challenge and introduction to the engineering process. Kids go on a research journey, create a poster and LEGO model Present at Expo to reviewers and then all teams reCeive reCognition. Expos can be organized at the local level and a regional expo will be held in March. Costs are: ($50 - $300 per season) • $25 JrFLL program fees (annual dues) • $25 Expo registration fees • Teams Can use any LEGO, must have one moving part with a motor. FIRST does offer a large kit of parts for about $150 Registration: Never closes Register Here: http://www.usfirst.org/robotiCsprograms/jr.fll/registration Competitions/tournaments: Expo is held in the spring (RGV Local) FIRST Lego league (FLL) has a new game theme eaCh year, which also includes a student chosen project in whiCh they researCh and purpose a solution that fits their Community’s needs. The Challenge is revealed in early September eaCh year and the Competition season is from November – MarCh. Team size is limited to 10 students. Costs are: ($1,500 - $3,000 first season, then $1,000 - $2,500 per season to sustain program) • $225 FLL program fees (annual dues) • $300 -$420 Lego Mindstorms robot kit (re-usable each year) • $65 game field set-up kit (new each year) • $70 - $90 tournament registration fees • $500 - $1,000 for team apparel, meals, presentation materials, promotional items for team spirit, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Fresh Innovators Put Ideas Into Action in Robot Contest March 2010 Texas Instruments 3
    WHITE PAPER Jean Anne Booth Director of WW Stellaris Marketing Fresh Innovators Put and Customer-Facing Engineering Sue Cozart Applications Engineer Ideas into Action in Robot Contest Introduction The annual FIRST® Robotics Challenge (FRC) inspires young men and women to explore applications of motors to make good use of mechanical Texas Instruments puts tools motion in imaginative ways, all in the name of a real-life game. In doing so, in the hands of creators of these high school students learn to work on a team toward a common goal, tomorrow’s machine control stretch their knowledge and exercise their creativity, apply critical thinking and systems. develop a strategic game plan, and move from theoretical and book learning to practical application of concepts, all the while learning valuable lessons that will help them in the workplace and in life throughout their adulthood. But as much as anything, the FIRST® programs are designed to interest children in science and math by making it fun and engaging through the use of robots. Texas Instruments is one of the FRC suppliers, lending its motor control technology to the materials and tool kit from which each team of students builds its robot. The Stellaris® microcontroller-based motor control system and software used by the students is from the same Jaguar® developer's kit used by professionals to build sophisticated motion-control systems used in industry day in and day out. The easy-to-use kits let naive high school students, as well as industry professionals, control various types of motors in complex systems without having to comprehend the underlying algorithms in use or details of the microcontroller (MCU) program code that is implementing the algorithms.
    [Show full text]
  • Mapping the Evolution of the Robotics Industry: a Cross-Country Comparison
    MAPPING THE EVOLUTION OF THE ROBOTICS INDUSTRY: A CROSS-COUNTRY COMPARISON Eric Estolatan, Aldo Geuna, Marco Guerzoni, and Massimiliano Nuccio INNOVATION POLICY LAB WORKING PAPER SERIES 2018-01 Abstract Industry 4.0 may be regarded as an emerging approach to the adoption of next-generation robotics for industrial applications. Our study sheds light on the current state of robotics, with a particular focus on robots for industrial applications. The research combines publicly-available information from company press releases, news articles, peer-reviewed journals and trade and industry reports. The paper is organized in four sections. Section 1 discusses some definitions of robotics and robotics sub- classes, and various robotics classifications. Sections 2 and 3 provide a snapshot of demand and supply of robotics, and offers some insights into select regional markets and global technological trends. Section 4 describes the challenges and opportunities surrounding robotics and Industry 4.0, and the future impact of these technologies. JEL Codes:O33, L52, L63 Keywords: robotics, Industry 4.0, cyber-physical systems, industrial robots, co-bots Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank ASPEN Institute Italia for the reference to some data from the report: Digital disruption and the transformation of Italian manufacturing by Geuna A., Guerzoni, M., Nuccio M., Pammolli F. and Rungi A. (2017) available at: https://www.aspeninstitute.it/aspenia- online/article/digital-disruption-and-manufacturing-transformation-italian-case-study 2 1. Introduction: the rise of cyber-physical systems Digital technology has the potential to re-shape current industrial processes at a magnitude comparable to previous industrial revolutions. The first one which occurred the XIX century was characterized by steam and water; the second at the beginning of the XX century was related to electricity and the moving assembly line, which steered mass production; with the third revolution of the 1980s we shift from analog to digital technologies.
    [Show full text]
  • CYBORG Seagulls Are Ready to Recycle
    CYBORG Seagulls are ready to recycle By Edward Stratton The Daily Astorian Published: February 24, 2015 10:45AM The robot­building season for 25 Seaside and Astoria students on the C.Y.B.O.R.G. Seagulls robotics team ended Feb. 17. SEASIDE — Seaside High School’s student­built robot SARA is in the bag and ready to recycle. The robot­building season for 25 Seaside and Astoria students on the CYBORG Seagulls robotics team ended Feb. 17. Now the team prepares to send 15 students to compete against 31 other teams in the divisional qualifier of the FIRST Robotics Competition starting Thursday in Oregon City. From left, Pedro Martinez, Austin JOSHUA BESSEX — THE DAILY ASTORIAN Milliren and Connor Adams, test out their SARA (Stacking Agile Robot The competition and its teams are chock­full of Assembly) robot during the CYBORG Seagulls robotic team meeting. acronyms, including Seaside’s team name The robot is designed to pick up recycling cans and cargo boxes and move them. The team will use SARA to compete in Recycle Rush, a (Creative Young Brains Observing and robotics game based on recycling Thursday through Saturday. Redefining Greatness, or CYBORG) and the Buy this photo league they compete in (For Inspiration and 1 of 6 Recognition of Science and Technology, or FIRST). For more information on the CYBORG Seagulls and the Building SARA FIRST Robotics Competition, visit www.team3673.org The CYBORG Seagulls, now in their fifth year of the competition, had from Jan. 4 to Feb. 17 to build and program SARA in their workshop.
    [Show full text]
  • An Architecture for Ethical Robots
    1 An architecture for ethical robots Dieter Vanderelst & Alan Winfield Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of the West of England T Block, Frenchay Campus, Coldharbour Lane, Bristol, BS16 1QY, United Kingdom Abstract—Robots are becoming ever more autonomous. This Anderson [2] and our previous work [27] are the only instances expanding ability to take unsupervised decisions renders it im- of robots having been equipped with a set of moral principles. perative that mechanisms are in place to guarantee the safety of So far, most work has been either theoretical [e.g., 25] or behaviours executed by the robot. Moreover, smart autonomous robots should be more than safe; they should also be explicitly simulation based [e.g., 3]. ethical – able to both choose and justify actions that prevent The approach taken by Anderson and Anderson [1, 2] and harm. Indeed, as the cognitive, perceptual and motor capabilities others [25, 3] is complementary with our research goals. These of robots expand, they will be expected to have an improved authors focus on developing methods to extract ethical rules capacity for making moral judgements. We present a control for robots. Conversely, our work concerns the development architecture that supplements existing robot controllers. This so-called Ethical Layer ensures robots behave according to a of a control architecture that supplements the existing robot predetermined set of ethical rules by predicting the outcomes of controller, ensuring robots behave according to a predeter- possible actions and evaluating the predicted outcomes against mined set of ethical rules [27, 26]. In other words, we are those rules. To validate the proposed architecture, we implement concerned with methods to enforce the rules once these have it on a humanoid robot so that it behaves according to Asimov’s been established [10].
    [Show full text]
  • Acknowledgements Acknowl
    2161 Acknowledgements Acknowl. B.21 Actuators for Soft Robotics F.58 Robotics in Hazardous Applications by Alin Albu-Schäffer, Antonio Bicchi by James Trevelyan, William Hamel, The authors of this chapter have used liberally of Sung-Chul Kang work done by a group of collaborators involved James Trevelyan acknowledges Surya Singh for de- in the EU projects PHRIENDS, VIACTORS, and tailed suggestions on the original draft, and would also SAPHARI. We want to particularly thank Etienne Bur- like to thank the many unnamed mine clearance experts det, Federico Carpi, Manuel Catalano, Manolo Gara- who have provided guidance and comments over many bini, Giorgio Grioli, Sami Haddadin, Dominic Lacatos, years, as well as Prof. S. Hirose, Scanjack, Way In- Can zparpucu, Florian Petit, Joshua Schultz, Nikos dustry, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, and Total Marine Tsagarakis, Bram Vanderborght, and Sebastian Wolf for Systems for providing photographs. their substantial contributions to this chapter and the William R. Hamel would like to acknowledge work behind it. the US Department of Energy’s Robotics Crosscut- ting Program and all of his colleagues at the na- C.29 Inertial Sensing, GPS and Odometry tional laboratories and universities for many years by Gregory Dudek, Michael Jenkin of dealing with remote hazardous operations, and all We would like to thank Sarah Jenkin for her help with of his collaborators at the Field Robotics Center at the figures. Carnegie Mellon University, particularly James Os- born, who were pivotal in developing ideas for future D.36 Motion for Manipulation Tasks telerobots. by James Kuffner, Jing Xiao Sungchul Kang acknowledges Changhyun Cho, We acknowledge the contribution that the authors of the Woosub Lee, Dongsuk Ryu at KIST (Korean Institute first edition made to this chapter revision, particularly for Science and Technology), Korea for their provid- Sect.
    [Show full text]
  • The Grand Challenges of Science Robotics Exclusive Licensee Guang-Zhong Yang,1* Jim Bellingham,2 Pierre E
    SCIENCE ROBOTICS | PERSPECTIVE ROBOTICS Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; The grand challenges of Science Robotics exclusive licensee Guang-Zhong Yang,1* Jim Bellingham,2 Pierre E. Dupont,3 Peer Fischer,4,5 Luciano Floridi,6,7,8,9,10 American Association 11 12,13 14 15 1 for the Advancement Robert Full, Neil Jacobstein, Vijay Kumar, Marcia McNutt, Robert Merrifield, of Science. No claim 16 17,18 7,8,9 19 Bradley J. Nelson, Brian Scassellati, Mariarosaria Taddeo, Russell Taylor, to original U.S. 20 21 22,23 Manuela Veloso, Zhong Lin Wang, Robert Wood Government Works One of the ambitions of Science Robotics is to deeply root robotics research in science while developing novel robotic platforms that will enable new scientific discoveries. Of our 10 grand challenges, the first 7 represent underpin- ning technologies that have a wider impact on all application areas of robotics. For the next two challenges, we have included social robotics and medical robotics as application-specific areas of development to highlight the substantial societal and health impacts that they will bring. Finally, the last challenge is related to responsible in- novation and how ethics and security should be carefully considered as we develop the technology further. Downloaded from INTRODUCTION great strides in realizing its mission of power- ing components into synthetic structures to Just over a year ago, we published the first issue ing the world’s robots, from space robot chal- create robots that perform like natural systems. of Science Robotics. Even within this relatively lenges to autonomous driving, industrial (iii) New power sources, battery technol- short period of time, remarkable progress has assembly, and surgery.
    [Show full text]