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A Code of Ethics for Robotics Engineers
A CODE OF ETHICS FOR ROBOTICS ENGINEERS An Interactive Qualifying Project Report Submitted to the faculty of WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science By: Brandon Ingram Daniel Jones Andrew Lewis Matthew Richards Advisors: Professor Lance Schachterle Professor Charles Rich 3/6/2010 Code of Ethics for Robotics Engineers 2 Abstract This project developed a draft code of ethics for professional robotics engineers by researching into the fields of robotics, ethics and roboethics to develop the necessary understanding. The code was drafted and presented to students, professors and professionals for feedback and revision. The code is now hosted at the Illinois Institute of Technology’s Center for the Study of Ethics in the Professions website (ethics.iit.edu), and is open for discussion at (rbethics.lefora.com). It is being proposed for adoption to the WPI Robotics Program faculty and the WPI Robotics Engineering Honors Fraternity, Rho Beta Epsilon. Acknowledgements In addition to our advisors, we would like to thank all have helped in researching and developing this code of ethics, either by providing feedback or information. Those that helped on campus include: John Sanbonmatsu, Kent Rissmiller, Michael Gennert, Brad Miller, Aaron Holroyd, Brian Benson, Elizabeth Alexander, Ciarán Murphy, Phi Sigma Kappa, Phi Kappa Theta, the WPI Robotics Faculty and Rho Beta Epsilon. Those off campus include: P.W. Singer, Martin Sklar, Jim Mail, Ronald Arkin, and Kelly Laas. Code of Ethics -
Implications of Abenomics on Gender Equality in Japan and Its Conformity with CEDAW
TUCKER (DO NOT DELETE) 4/24/2017 6:16 PM RICKY TUCKER* Implications of Abenomics on Gender Equality in Japan and Its Conformity with CEDAW Introduction ....................................................................................... 544 A. Abenomics ...................................................................... 545 B. Female Workforce Participation ..................................... 546 C. History of Japanese Gender Equality Laws .................... 549 I. The Purpose of the Third Arrow Casts Doubt on its Ability to Accomplish Its Goals ............................................. 551 A. Addressing Financial Insecurity ..................................... 551 B. Addressing Gender Equality ........................................... 552 II. The Third Arrow Does Not Conform to the Strict Mandates Imposed Upon Member Countries to CEDAW ..... 554 A. Leadership ......................................................................... 555 1. CEDAW Article II .................................................... 556 2. CEDAW Article XI ................................................... 558 B. Childcare Waiting Lists .................................................. 559 C. Support for a Return to Work ......................................... 561 D. Assistance for Reentering the Workforce ....................... 563 III. Abenomics’ Conformity with CEDAW and the Overall Goal of Boosting the Economy Are Not Mutually Exclusive ................................................................................ 564 IV. A Counterpoint: -
Robot Theatre Marek Perkowski 1
Towards Robot Theatre Marek Perkowski 1. History of robot theatre 2. Modern robot theatre 3. Robot theatre at PSU 4. Models of robot theatre 5. Research topics on Robot Theatre 6. Future Robot Theatre History of Robot Theatre From antiquity until 1996 Heron’s Book Automata Robot Theatre of Hero • A collection of constructions called miracles of Alexandria (thaumata) for temples. • Heron describes automatic rotating objectives, noise such as thunder, automatic opening doors. • Philon from Byzanz describes the existence of automata in his book Mechaniki syntaxis, that includes pneumatic apparatus and automatic astronomical devices as early as 300 BC. Albertus Magnus and his robot head Albertus is recorded as having made a mechanical automaton in the form of a brass head that would answer questions put to it. Knight of Leonardo Da Vinci 1. Leonardo's robot refers to a humanoid automaton designed by Leonardo da Vinci around the year 1495. 2. The design notes for the robot appear in sketchbooks that were rediscovered in the 1950s. 3. It is not known whether or not an attempt was made to build the device during da Vinci's lifetime. 4. Since the discovery of the sketchbook, the robot has been built faithfully based on Leonardo's design; this proved it was fully functional. Duck of Vaucanson • The Canard Digérateur, or Digesting Duck, was an automaton in the form of a duck, created by Jacques de Vaucanson in 1739. • The mechanical duck appeared to have the ability to eat kernels of grain, and to metabolize and defecate them Constructed and unveiled in 1770 by Wolfgang von Turk of Kempelen Kempelen (1734–1804) to impress the Empress Maria Theresa • The Turk was in fact a mechanical illusion that allowed a human chess master hiding inside to operate the machine. -
Pokémon, Cultural Practice and Object Networks Jason Bainbridge
iafor The IAFOR Journal of Asian Studies Volume I – Issue I – Winter 2014 IAFOR Publications Executive Editor: Joseph Haldane The International Academic Forum The IAFOR Journal of Asian Studies Editor Seiko Yasumoto, University of Sydney, Australia Associate Editor Jason Bainbridge, Swinburne University, Australia Advisory Editors Michael Curtin, University of California, Santa Barbara, United States Terry Flew, Queensland University of Technology, Australia Michael Keane, Queensland University of Technology, Australia Editorial Board Robert Hyland, BISC, Queens University Canada, United Kingdom Dong Hoo Lee, Incheon University, Korea Ian D. McArthur, The University of Sydney, Australia Paul Mountfort, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand Jin Nakamura, Tokyo University, Japan Tetsuya Suzuki, Meiji University, Japan Yoko Sasagawa, Kobe Shinwa Womens University, Japan Fang Chih Irene Yang, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan Published by the International Academic Forum (IAFOR), Japan Executive Editor, IAFOR Publications: Joseph Haldane Editorial Assistance: Lindsay Lafreniere IAFOR Publications, Sakae 1-16-26-201, Naka-ward, Aichi, Japan 460-0008 The IAFOR Journal of Asian Studies Volume I – Issue I – Winter 2014 IAFOR Publications © Copyright 2014 ISSN: 2187-6037 Online: http://iafor.org/iafor/publications/iafor-journals/iafor-journal-of-asian-studies/ Cover image by: Norio NAKAYAMA/Flickr https://www.flickr.com/photos/norio-nakayama/11153303693 The IAFOR Journal of Asian Studies Volume I – Issue I – Winter 2014 Edited by -
Ph. D. Thesis Stable Locomotion of Humanoid Robots Based
Ph. D. Thesis Stable locomotion of humanoid robots based on mass concentrated model Author: Mario Ricardo Arbul´uSaavedra Director: Carlos Balaguer Bernaldo de Quiros, Ph. D. Department of System and Automation Engineering Legan´es, October 2008 i Ph. D. Thesis Stable locomotion of humanoid robots based on mass concentrated model Author: Mario Ricardo Arbul´uSaavedra Director: Carlos Balaguer Bernaldo de Quiros, Ph. D. Signature of the board: Signature President Vocal Vocal Vocal Secretary Rating: Legan´es, de de Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 HistoryofRobots........................... 2 1.1.1 Industrialrobotsstory. 2 1.1.2 Servicerobots......................... 4 1.1.3 Science fiction and robots currently . 10 1.2 Walkingrobots ............................ 10 1.2.1 Outline ............................ 10 1.2.2 Themes of legged robots . 13 1.2.3 Alternative mechanisms of locomotion: Wheeled robots, tracked robots, active cords . 15 1.3 Why study legged machines? . 20 1.4 What control mechanisms do humans and animals use? . 25 1.5 What are problems of biped control? . 27 1.6 Features and applications of humanoid robots with biped loco- motion................................. 29 1.7 Objectives............................... 30 1.8 Thesiscontents ............................ 33 2 Humanoid robots 35 2.1 Human evolution to biped locomotion, intelligence and bipedalism 36 2.2 Types of researches on humanoid robots . 37 2.3 Main humanoid robot research projects . 38 2.3.1 The Humanoid Robot at Waseda University . 38 2.3.2 Hondarobots......................... 47 2.3.3 TheHRPproject....................... 51 2.4 Other humanoids . 54 2.4.1 The Johnnie project . 54 2.4.2 The Robonaut project . 55 2.4.3 The COG project . -
Japan Analysis 34 EN
Japan Analysis La lettre du Japon 34 July 2014 Perspectives on Japan’s openness to the world in 2014 CLOSE UP ON THE NEWS 1. The Abe government and the gender equality issue: “towards a society where women shine” – AMÉLIE CORBEL 3 2. Japan’s Revitalized Engagement with Africa: Key Issues and Challenges – YUKO KAWATO 11 POINT OF NEWS 3. Nishikawa Shūichi, “What anglicization is bringing to business: points of views of employees of Uniqlo and Rakuten”, Chūō Kōron, November 2013. (Translated from the Japanese source by Sophie Buhnik) 20 4. Yoshikuni Shin’ichi’s, “Reflections on the ‘third arrow’ of Abenomics: towards a diverse society more open to female employment”, Kin.yūzaiseibijinesu, March 2014. (Translated from the Japanese source by Arnaud Grivaud) 26 ÉDITORIAL The number and nature of published in But these comparative indexes also suggest large-circulation magazines have grown that Japan’s “decline” is far from being a significantly in importance in the last fifteen homogeneous process: depending on the years. They now cover a multiplicity of topics topic, the country’s position in the various and are structured around criteria ranging international rankings is either falling, rising1, from gross domestic product and the quality or staying the same (in absolute or relative of education dispensed by the leading higher terms). For instance, the number of Japanese education establishments (the Shanghai students spending a year abroad has been Ranking) to more abstract notions such as falling, in absolute terms, for the last ten years. competitiveness and urban standards of But Japan’s slippage in the annual ranking living (e.g. -
Mapping the Evolution of the Robotics Industry: a Cross-Country Comparison
MAPPING THE EVOLUTION OF THE ROBOTICS INDUSTRY: A CROSS-COUNTRY COMPARISON Eric Estolatan, Aldo Geuna, Marco Guerzoni, and Massimiliano Nuccio INNOVATION POLICY LAB WORKING PAPER SERIES 2018-01 Abstract Industry 4.0 may be regarded as an emerging approach to the adoption of next-generation robotics for industrial applications. Our study sheds light on the current state of robotics, with a particular focus on robots for industrial applications. The research combines publicly-available information from company press releases, news articles, peer-reviewed journals and trade and industry reports. The paper is organized in four sections. Section 1 discusses some definitions of robotics and robotics sub- classes, and various robotics classifications. Sections 2 and 3 provide a snapshot of demand and supply of robotics, and offers some insights into select regional markets and global technological trends. Section 4 describes the challenges and opportunities surrounding robotics and Industry 4.0, and the future impact of these technologies. JEL Codes:O33, L52, L63 Keywords: robotics, Industry 4.0, cyber-physical systems, industrial robots, co-bots Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank ASPEN Institute Italia for the reference to some data from the report: Digital disruption and the transformation of Italian manufacturing by Geuna A., Guerzoni, M., Nuccio M., Pammolli F. and Rungi A. (2017) available at: https://www.aspeninstitute.it/aspenia- online/article/digital-disruption-and-manufacturing-transformation-italian-case-study 2 1. Introduction: the rise of cyber-physical systems Digital technology has the potential to re-shape current industrial processes at a magnitude comparable to previous industrial revolutions. The first one which occurred the XIX century was characterized by steam and water; the second at the beginning of the XX century was related to electricity and the moving assembly line, which steered mass production; with the third revolution of the 1980s we shift from analog to digital technologies. -
Cool Japan Fund Launched to Aid Global Promotion of Japanese Culture by Japan SPOTLIGHT Editorial Section
Column Cool Japan Fund Launched to Aid Global Promotion of Japanese Culture By Japan SPOTLIGHT Editorial Section Japanese culture, from animation to fashion and the broader that their popularity will become a driving force for Japan’s economic notion of “Japanese hospitality”, is now a new target for export growth. promotion for the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) in You can learn about the targets and projects below. If you are the 21st century. interested in the Cool Japan Fund, you can contact us (tel:03-5565- Prior to our next issue highlighting “the role of Japanese culture in 4822 or [email protected]) and we will connect you with the foreign policy”, we introduce our readers to METI’s new policy to relevant person in the fund. promote exports of Japanese cultural goods. This is considered one of the important policy measures presented as “the third arrow of Abenomics”, the growth strategy, and thus culture in our postindustrial society has economic policy implications as well. In Photo: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) Japan reading both this short article and our next issue we hope you will enjoy learning about the wide range of these implications. On Nov. 25, 2013, at Toyko’s Roppongi Hills, Japanese business people and bureaucrats celebrated the office opening of the Cool Japan Fund, financed to the tune of 60 billion yen by the government and the private sector. This fund aims to invest money in companies and projects selling Japanese cultural products (the basic scheme is shown in the Charts below). -
Current Status and Future Aspects of Kidney Transplantation in Japan Atsushi Aikawa
Aikawa Renal Replacement Therapy (2018) 4:50 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41100-018-0186-3 REVIEW Open Access Current status and future aspects of kidney transplantation in Japan Atsushi Aikawa Abstract In Japan, there are very few cases of organ donation, including kidneys. The number of deceased donor kidney transplants (DDKTs) is much less than that of other developed Asian and Western countries, although donation after brain death is increasing slowly. Living donor kidney transplants (LDKTs) are more popular than DDKTs in Japan. However, the number of LDKTs per million population was still less than that in Korea, the UK, and the USA. Living donor ABO-incompatible kidney transplants have been performed in Japan since 1989, and long- term outcomes proved similar to those for ABO-compatible kidney transplants. Preemptive kidney transplants comprised 30% of LDKTs. In spite of the small number of kidney transplants, patient, and graft survival rates in Japan are superior to those of any other country. The infusion of regulatory T cells may induce immunotolerance in kidney transplants although acute rejection frequently occurred when immunosuppression was withdrawn and anti-donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) production could not always be suppressed. Combined kidney and bone marrow transplantation may induce immunotolerance, although a few recipients produced DSA. Kidney regeneration has become a reality. Nephron progenitor cells have been generated from human-induced pluripotent stem cells, readily reconstituting three-dimensional nephrons, including vascularized glomeruli with podocytes. The niche method has been used to generate kidney, urinary tract, and bladder tissue. Many Japanese scientists are researching kidney regeneration, and a kidney regenerated from a recipient’scellscould be transplanted without immunosuppression in the near future. -
Ethics and Robotics. a First Approach1
ETHICS AND ROBOTICS. A FIRST APPROACH1. RAFAEL DE ASÍS ROIG2 Abstract: Clearly, technical and scientific progress and moral progress do not necessarily go hand in hand. Therefore, this article encourages reflection on the new ethical challenges posed by such developments and, in particular, by robotics, a field that has developed greatly in recent decades and that has led to possibilities unimaginable until recently. Thus, the author examines here the so-called roboethics, its content, the specific fields it addresses –such as social relations and moral agency of robots–, as well as the different approaches and views on these issues. Keywords: Ethics, robotics, moral agent, human rights Contents: I. INTRODUCTION; II. ROBOTICS; III. ROBOETHICS. I. INTRODUCTION In the 20th and 21st centuries there have been major advances in both the scientific and technical field. The first one has been named the science century. In this regard, it has been claimed that the first half of the 20th century focused on Physics whilst the second half on Biology, Genetics and Computer Science (Rifkin 1998: p. 20). As for the 21st century until now is characterised by the rise of Neuroscience and Nanotechnology as well as by advances in the field of Robotics (in connection with the other areas but especially to I.T). However, despite all these advances, poverty, hunger and dissatisfaction regarding rights still persist. It is not surprising that Th. Pogge commences his book World Poverty and Human Rights examining how it is possible that extreme poverty affects half of humanity despite the enormous economic and technological progress, and how it is possible that the distribution of scientific and technological benefits is so uneven (Pogge 2002). -
ECFG-Japan-2020R.Pdf
About this Guide This guide is designed to prepare you to deploy to culturally complex environments and successfully achieve mission objectives. The fundamental information it contains will help you understand the decisive cultural dimension of your assigned location and gain skills necessary for achieving mission success (Photo: US Japan Forces member discusses an explosive device with Japanese Maritime Self- Defense Force Petty Officer). The guide consists of 2 parts: C Part 1 is the “Culture General” section, which provides the foundational knowledge you need to operate effectively in any ul global environment with a focus on East Asia. t u Part 2 is the “Culture Specific” section, which describes unique cultural features of Japanese society. It applies re culture-general concepts to help increase your Guid knowledge of your assigned deployment location. This section is meant to complement other pre- deployment training. (Photo: e Sushi restaurant in historic city of Kamakura, Japan). For more information, visit the Air Force Culture and Language Center (AFCLC) website at www.airuniversity.af.edu/AFCLC/ or contact the AFCLC Region Team at [email protected]. Disclaimer: All text is the property of the AFCLC and may not be modified by a change in title, content, or labeling. It may be reproduced in its current format with the express permission of the AFCLC. All photography is provided as a courtesy of the US government, Wikimedia, and other sources as indicated. GENERAL CULTURE PART 1 – CULTURE GENERAL What is Culture? Fundamental to all aspects of human existence, culture shapes the way humans view life and functions as a tool we use to adapt to our social and physical environments. -
Weekly News from Tokyo
TOKYO SKY TREE DITP TOKYO (2013 April13 – April19) Weekly News From Tokyo 29 June – 5 July 2013 Japan Mulls Cutting Tariffs On Rice For Processing TOKYO (Nikkei)--The government may agree to reduce import tariffs on rice used for processing in exchange for preserving current rates on staple-food varieties under the Trans-Pacific Partnership talks, The Nikkei learned Tuesday. The compromise will be presented to the U.S. and other trade partners in bilateral talks slated to begin as early as August once Japan officially joins the negotiations. Japan consumes roughly 7.15 million tons of rice a year as a staple food, while rice processed into crackers, sake and other products accounts for just 600,000 tons. There are 58 tariff categories for rice. But those targeting staple-food varieties, such as brown rice and polished white rice, total about six to eight, with the rest covering rice for processing. The government has long excluded rice as a whole from trade negotiations and has not looked into making distinctions between the tariff categories. The types of rice subject to possible tariff cuts under the new policy will be chosen carefully by weighing the impact on producers and processors. Rice distributed on the market for processing includes domestic crops grown for such purposes, varieties that do not meet standards for staple consumption, and foreign-grown imports bought through the minimum-access trade arrangement. Some processed-food firms are being forced to pay high tariffs for imports. Banner rice crops last year meant smaller portions diverted for processing, leading to higher prices.