Lithium Nitride-Based Materials for Hydrogen Storage
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
An Alternate Graphical Representation of Periodic Table of Chemical Elements Mohd Abubakr1, Microsoft India (R&D) Pvt
An Alternate Graphical Representation of Periodic table of Chemical Elements Mohd Abubakr1, Microsoft India (R&D) Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad, India. [email protected] Abstract Periodic table of chemical elements symbolizes an elegant graphical representation of symmetry at atomic level and provides an overview on arrangement of electrons. It started merely as tabular representation of chemical elements, later got strengthened with quantum mechanical description of atomic structure and recent studies have revealed that periodic table can be formulated using SO(4,2) SU(2) group. IUPAC, the governing body in Chemistry, doesn‟t approve any periodic table as a standard periodic table. The only specific recommendation provided by IUPAC is that the periodic table should follow the 1 to 18 group numbering. In this technical paper, we describe a new graphical representation of periodic table, referred as „Circular form of Periodic table‟. The advantages of circular form of periodic table over other representations are discussed along with a brief discussion on history of periodic tables. 1. Introduction The profoundness of inherent symmetry in nature can be seen at different depths of atomic scales. Periodic table symbolizes one such elegant symmetry existing within the atomic structure of chemical elements. This so called „symmetry‟ within the atomic structures has been widely studied from different prospects and over the last hundreds years more than 700 different graphical representations of Periodic tables have emerged [1]. Each graphical representation of chemical elements attempted to portray certain symmetries in form of columns, rows, spirals, dimensions etc. Out of all the graphical representations, the rectangular form of periodic table (also referred as Long form of periodic table or Modern periodic table) has gained wide acceptance. -
Explosion of Lithium-Thionyl-Chloride Battery Due to Presence of Lithium Nitride
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Sep 25, 2021 Explosion of lithium-thionyl-chloride battery due to presence of lithium nitride Hennesø, E.; Hedlund, Frank Huess Published in: Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention Link to article, DOI: 10.1007/s11668-015-0004-y Publication date: 2015 Document Version Early version, also known as pre-print Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Hennesø, E., & Hedlund, F. H. (2015). Explosion of lithium-thionyl-chloride battery due to presence of lithium nitride. Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention, 15(5), 600-603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11668-015-0004-y General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. This article appeared in Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention, ISSN 1547-7029 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11668-015-0004-y Explosion of lithium-thionyl- chloride battery due to presence of lithium nitride Document no. -
Power Sources Challenge
POWER SOURCES CHALLENGE FUSION PHYSICS! A CLEAN ENERGY Summary: What if we could harness the power of the Sun for energy here on Fusion reactions occur when two nuclei come together to form one Earth? What would it take to accomplish this feat? Is it possible? atom. The reaction that happens in the sun fuses two Hydrogen atoms together to produce Helium. It looks like this in a very simplified way: Many researchers including our Department of Energy scientists and H + H He + ENERGY. This energy can be calculated by the famous engineers are taking on this challenge! In fact, there is one DOE Laboratory Einstein equation, E = mc2. devoted to fusion physics and is committed to being at the forefront of the science of magnetic fusion energy. Each of the colliding hydrogen atoms is a different isotope of In order to understand a little more about fusion energy, you will learn about hydrogen, one deuterium and one the atom and how reactions at the atomic level produce energy. tritium. The difference in these isotopes is simply one neutron. Background: It all starts with plasma! If you need to learn more about plasma Deuterium has one proton and one physics, visit the Power Sources Challenge plasma activities. neutron, tritium has one proton and two neutrons. Look at the The Fusion Reaction that happens in the SUN looks like this: illustration—do you see how the mass of the products is less than the mass of the reactants? That is called a mass deficit and that difference in mass is converted into energy. -
Reactions of Lithium Nitride with Some Unsaturated Organic Compounds. Perry S
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1963 Reactions of Lithium Nitride With Some Unsaturated Organic Compounds. Perry S. Mason Jr Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Mason, Perry S. Jr, "Reactions of Lithium Nitride With Some Unsaturated Organic Compounds." (1963). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 898. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/898 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been 64—5058 microfilmed exactly as received MASON, Jr., Perry S., 1938- REACTIONS OF LITHIUM NITRIDE WITH SOME UNSATURATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. Louisiana State University, Ph.D., 1963 Chemistry, organic University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. REACTIONS OF LITHIUM NITRIDE WITH SOME UNSATURATED ORGANIC COMPOUNDS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requireiaents for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Chemistry by Perry S. Mason, Jr. B. S., Harding College, 1959 August, 1963 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. -
1 Understanding Continuous Lithium-Mediated Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Nikifar Lazouski,1 Zachary J Schiffer,1 Kindle Wi
© 2019 This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2019.02.003 Understanding Continuous Lithium-Mediated Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction Nikifar Lazouski,1 Zachary J Schiffer,1 Kindle Williams,1 and Karthish Manthiram1* 1Department of Chemical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA 02139, USA *Corresponding Author: [email protected] 1 © 2019 This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ doi: 10.1016/j.joule.2019.02.003 Summary Ammonia is a large-scale commodity chemical that is crucial for producing nitrogen- containing fertilizers. Electrochemical methods have been proposed as renewable and distributed alternatives to the incumbent Haber-Bosch process, which utilizes fossils for ammonia production. Herein, we report a mechanistic study of lithium-mediated electrochemical nitrogen reduction to ammonia in a non-aqueous system. The rate laws of the main reactions in the system were determined. At high current densities, nitrogen transport limitations begin to affect the nitrogen reduction process. Based on these observations, we developed a coupled kinetic-transport model of the process, which we used to optimize operating conditions for ammonia production. The highest Faradaic efficiency observed was 18.5 ± 2.9%, while the highest production rate obtained was (7.9 ± 1.6) × 10-9 mol cm-2 s-1. Our understanding of the reaction network and the influence of transport provides foundational knowledge for future improvements in continuous lithium- mediated ammonia synthesis. -
Unique Properties of Water!
Name: _______ANSWER KEY_______________ Class: _____ Date: _______________ Unique Properties of Water! Word Bank: Adhesion Evaporation Polar Surface tension Cohesion Freezing Positive Universal solvent Condensation Melting Sublimation Dissolve Negative 1. The electrons are not shared equally between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms of water creating a Polar molecule. 2. The polarity of water allows it to dissolve most substances. Because of this it is referred to as the universal solvent 3. Water molecules stick to other water molecules. This property is called cohesion. 4. Hydrogen bonds form between adjacent water molecules because the positive charged hydrogen end of one water molecule attracts the negative charged oxygen end of another water molecule. 5. Water molecules stick to other materials due to its polar nature. This property is called adhesion. 6. Hydrogen bonds hold water molecules closely together which causes water to have high surface tension. This is why water tends to clump together to form drops rather than spread out into a thin film. 7. Condensation is when water changes from a gas to a liquid. 8. Sublimation is when water changes from a solid directly to a gas. 9. Freezing is when water changes from a liquid to a solid. 10. Melting is when water changes from a solid to a liquid. 11. Evaporation is when water changes from a liquid to a gas. 12. Why does ice float? Water expands as it freezes, so it is LESS DENSE AS A SOLID. 13. What property refers to water molecules resembling magnets? How are these alike? Polar bonds create positive and negative ends of the molecule. -
Lithium Hydride Powered PEM Fuel Cells for Long-Duration Small Mobile Robotic Missions
Lithium Hydride Powered PEM Fuel Cells for Long-Duration Small Mobile Robotic Missions Jekanthan Thangavelautham, Daniel Strawser, Mei Yi Cheung Steven Dubowsky Abstract— This paper reports on a study to develop power supplies for small mobile robots performing long duration missions. It investigates the use of fuel cells to achieve this objective, and in particular Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells. It is shown through a representative case study that, in theory, fuel cell based power supplies will provide much longer range than the best current rechargeable battery technology. It also briefly discusses an important limitation that prevents fuel cells from achieving their ideal performance, namely a practical method to store their fuel (hydrogen) in a form that is compatible with small mobile field robots. A very efficient Fig. 1. Example of small robots (Left) A ball shaped hopping robot concept fuel storage concept based on water activated lithium hydride for exploration of extreme terrains and caves developed for NASA. (Right) (LiH) is proposed that releases hydrogen on demand. This iRobot 110 Firstlook used for observation, security and search and rescue. concept is very attractive because water vapor from the air is passively extracted or waste water from the fuel cell is recycled and transferred to the lithium hydride where the hydrogen is the near future. Hence, new means for powering field robots “stripped” from water and is returned to the fuel cell to form more water. This results in higher hydrogen storage efficiencies need to be considered. than conventional storage methods. Experimental results are This paper explores the use of fuel cells, and in particular presented that demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach. -
Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Argon Chemistry
Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Argon Chemistry Author: Brittland K. DeKorver Institute for Chemical Education and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center University of Wisconsin-Madison Purpose: To learn about 3 of the gases that are in Earth’s atmosphere. Learning Objectives: 1. Understand that the atmosphere is made up of many gases. 2. Learn about the differences in flammability of nitrogen and hydrogen. 3. Learn what is produced during electrolysis. Next Generation Science Standards (est. 2013): PS1.A: Structure and Properties of Matter PS1.B: Chemical Reactions PS3.D: Energy in Chemical Processes and Everyday Life (partial) ETS1.A: Defining Engineering Problems ETS1.B: Designing Solutions to Engineering Problems ETS1.C: Optimizing the Design Solution National Science Education Standards (valid 1996-2013): Physical Science Standards: Properties and changes of properties in matter Earth and Space Science Standards: Structure of the earth system Suggested Previous Activities: Oxygen Investigation and Carbon Dioxide Chemistry Grade Level: 2-8 Time: 1 hour Materials: Safety glasses Manganese dioxide Work gloves (for handling Tea-light candles steel wool) Matches Test tubes Spatulas Beakers Wooden splints 100mL graduated cylinders Waste bucket for burnt 15mL graduated cylinders materials 3% hydrogen peroxide Vinegar Baking soda Safety: 1. Students should wear safety glasses during all activities. 2. Students should not be allowed to use matches or candle. 3. Students should be cautioned to only mix the chemicals as directed. Introduction: Air refers to the mixture of gases that make up the Earth’s atmosphere. In this lesson, students will learn about hydrogen (present in very, very small amounts in our atmosphere), nitrogen (the most prevalent gas), and argon (third behind nitrogen and oxygen.) Procedures: 1. -
MODULE 11: GLOSSARY and CONVERSIONS Cell Engines
Hydrogen Fuel MODULE 11: GLOSSARY AND CONVERSIONS Cell Engines CONTENTS 11.1 GLOSSARY.......................................................................................................... 11-1 11.2 MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS .................................................................................. 11-31 11.3 CONVERSION TABLE .......................................................................................... 11-33 Hydrogen Fuel Cell Engines and Related Technologies: Rev 0, December 2001 Hydrogen Fuel MODULE 11: GLOSSARY AND CONVERSIONS Cell Engines OBJECTIVES This module is for reference only. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Engines and Related Technologies: Rev 0, December 2001 PAGE 11-1 Hydrogen Fuel Cell Engines MODULE 11: GLOSSARY AND CONVERSIONS 11.1 Glossary This glossary covers words, phrases, and acronyms that are used with fuel cell engines and hydrogen fueled vehicles. Some words may have different meanings when used in other contexts. There are variations in the use of periods and capitalization for abbrevia- tions, acronyms and standard measures. The terms in this glossary are pre- sented without periods. ABNORMAL COMBUSTION – Combustion in which knock, pre-ignition, run- on or surface ignition occurs; combustion that does not proceed in the nor- mal way (where the flame front is initiated by the spark and proceeds throughout the combustion chamber smoothly and without detonation). ABSOLUTE PRESSURE – Pressure shown on the pressure gauge plus at- mospheric pressure (psia). At sea level atmospheric pressure is 14.7 psia. Use absolute pressure in compressor calculations and when using the ideal gas law. See also psi and psig. ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE – Temperature scale with absolute zero as the zero of the scale. In standard, the absolute temperature is the temperature in ºF plus 460, or in metric it is the temperature in ºC plus 273. Absolute zero is referred to as Rankine or r, and in metric as Kelvin or K. -
Lithium Nitride
TECHNICAL DATA SHEET Date of Issue: 2016/12/12 Lithium Nitride CAS-No. 26134-62-3 EC-No. 247-475-2 Molecular Formula Li3N Product Number 401121 SPECIFICATION Lithium Nitride: min. 94% METHOD OF ANALYSIS Assay by determination of nitrogen by the method of Kjeldahl. A detailed laboratory instruction is available on request. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Appearance fine powder Color red brown Melting point/ range ca. 840 - 845 °C Density ca. 1.38 g/cm3 at 20 °C Water solubility (Not applicable) Molecular weight 34.82 g/mol Additional Physical Theoretical lithium weight: 59.8 % Properties The information presented herein is believed to be accurate and reliable, but is presented without guarantee or responsibility on the part of Albemarle Corporation and its subsidiaries and affiliates. It is the responsibility of the user to comply with all applicable laws and regulations and to provide for a safe workplace. The user should consider any health or safety hazards or information contained herein only as a guide, and should take those precautions which are necessary or prudent to instruct employees and to develop work practice procedures in order to promote a safe work environment. Further, nothing contained herein shall be taken as an inducement or recommendation to manufacture or use any of the herein materials or processes in violation of existing or future patent. Technical data sheets may change frequently. You can download the latest version from our website www.albemarle-lithium.com. Please contact us at www.albemarle-lithium.com/contact with questions. Lithium Nitride Page 2 / 3 Product Number: 401121 Date of Issue: 2016/12/12 HANDLING & STORAGE Handling Lithium Nitride should be handled under inert gas atmosphere. -
Defect Chemistry and Transport Properties of Solid State Materials for Energy Storage Applications
University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering Chemical and Materials Engineering 2018 DEFECT CHEMISTRY AND TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ENERGY STORAGE APPLICATIONS Xiaowen Zhan University of Kentucky, [email protected] Author ORCID Identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1422-6233 Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.13023/etd.2018.418 Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Zhan, Xiaowen, "DEFECT CHEMISTRY AND TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ENERGY STORAGE APPLICATIONS" (2018). Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering. 88. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cme_etds/88 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Chemical and Materials Engineering at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,871,843 B2 Lee (45) Date of Patent: Oct
USOO887 1843B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,871,843 B2 Lee (45) Date of Patent: Oct. 28, 2014 (54) HALOGEN-FREE FLAME RETARDANT 5,456,984 A 10/1995 Bishop et al. MATERAL 5,484,830 A 1/1996 Staendeke 5,648.436 A 7/1997 Janowitz et al. 5,925,700 A 7/1999 Imahashi (75) Inventor: Jean L. Lee, San Jose, CA (US) 5,955, 184 A 9, 1999 Honda et al. 5,994,429 A 11/1999 Honda et al. (73) Assignee: Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA (US) 6,140,411 A 10/2000 Schwanborn et al. 6,355,767 B1 * 3/2002 Takagi .......................... 528,196 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 6,440,567 B1 8, 2002 Choate et al. 6,495,244 B1 12/2002 Andresakis et al. patent is extended or adjusted under 35 6,518,336 B1 2/2003 Yabuhara et al. U.S.C. 154(b) by 190 days. 6,642,288 B1 1 1/2003 Hulskotte 6,755,995 B1 6/2004 Hasegawa et al. (21) Appl. No.: 12/638,489 6,767,941 B2 7/2004 Van Der Speket al. 6,809,130 B2 10/2004 Chiou et al. 6,894, 101 B2 5, 2005 Paul et al. (22) Filed: Dec. 15, 2009 6,916,539 B2 7/2005 Cooray et al. 6,998,536 B2 2/2006 Barusseau et al. (65) Prior Publication Data 7,053,145 B1 5/2006 Tasaka et al. US 2011/O144244A1 Jun. 16, 2011 7,115,678 B2 10/2006 Ihara et al.