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Status, Trends, and Probable Causes of Change in Living Resources in the Barataria-Terrebonne Estuarine System

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Status, Trends, and Probable Causes of Change in Living Resources in the Barataria-Terrebonne Estuarine System Status, Trends, and Probable Causes of Change in Living Resources in the Barataria-Terrebonne Estuarine System Team Leaders: Richard Condrey Paul Kemp Jenneke Visser Team Members: James Gosselink Dianne Lindstedt Earl Melancon, Jr. Gary Peterson Bruce Thompson Publication #21 Barataria-Terrebonne National Estuary Program 1996 Citation: Condrey, R., P. Kemp, J. Visser, J. Gosselink, D. Lindstedt, E. Melancon, G. Peterson, and B. Thompson. 1996. Status, Trends, and Probable Causes of Change in Living Resources in the Barataria and Terrebonne Estuarine Systems. BTNEP Publ. No. 21, Barataria- Terrebonne National Estuary Program, Thibodaux, Louisiana, 434 pp. CONTRIBUTORS Team Leaders Richard Condrey, Coastal Fisheries Institute and Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803—synthesis, amphibians, reptiles, hawks and owls, shorebirds, other resident birds, and other migratory birds. Paul Kemp, Special Programs, Center for Coastal, Energy, and Environmental Resources, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803—synthesis. Jenneke Visser, Coastal Ecology Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803—seabirds, wading birds, waterfowl, other water birds, mammals, American alligator, synthesis. Team Members James Gosselink, Coastal Ecology Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803—synthesis. Dianne Lindstedt, Special Programs, Center for Coastal, Energy, and Environmental Resources, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803—synthesis. Earl Melancon, Jr., Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA 70310—aquatic invertebrates, synthesis. Gary Peterson, Coastal Ecology Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803—birds and mammals. Bruce Thompson, Coastal Fisheries Institute, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803—finfish, synthesis. vi Contents BTNEP Designated Reviewer Allen Ensminger BTNEP Review Team Barbara Keeler Marilyn Kilgen Jane Ledwin Alan Matherne David Muth Steve Herbert Don Lirette Vince Guillory BTNEP Project Coordinator Tracy Kling To obtain copies of this document, contact: Barataria-Terrebonne National Estuary Program Office Nicholls State University Campus P.O. Box 2663 Thibodaux, LA 70310 1-800-259-0869 This project was partially funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality under Grant # CE-006660. The contents of this document do not necessarily represent the views of the United States Environmental Protection Agency nor the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality nor do the contents of this document necessarily constitute the views or policy of the Barataria-Terrebonne National Estuary Program Management Conference. The information presented represents the scientific findings and interpretations of the authors and is intended to provide background information for Management Conference deliberations in drafting of official policy in the Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan. The mention of trade names or commercial products does not in any way constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use. This public document was published at a total cost of $ . Three hundred copies of this public document were published in this first printing at a cost of $ . The total cost of all printings of this document, including reprints, is $ . This document was published by the Barataria- Terrebonne National Estuary Program, NSU Campus, P.O. Box 2663, Thibodaux, LA 70310, to provide the public with environmental information under the authority of La. R.S. 30:2011. This material was printed in accordance with standards for printing by state agencies established pursuant to La. R.S. 43:31. viii Contents CONTENTS List of Figures ......................................................... xvii List of Tables ..........................................................xxiii Preface .............................................................. xxv Acknowledgements .................................................... xxvii Chapter 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................1 Findings .............................................................1 Management Recommendations ...........................................5 Overview .........................................................5 Commercially Important Invertebrates ...................................6 Freshwater Finfish ..................................................6 Estuarine Finfish ....................................................7 Estuarine/Marine Finfish ..............................................7 Amphibians .......................................................7 Reptiles ..........................................................7 Birds ............................................................8 Seabirds .........................................................8 Wading Birds ......................................................8 Waterfowl ........................................................9 Other Wetland Birds ...............................................10 Raptors .........................................................10 Shorebirds .......................................................10 Other Resident Birds ...............................................10 Other Migratory Birds ..............................................10 Mammals ........................................................11 Chapter 2. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ....................................13 Indicator Species .....................................................19 Endangered Species ...................................................19 Historical Perspective ..................................................21 Chapter 3. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS BY SPECIES GROUPINGS ..............25 Introduction .........................................................25 Aquatic Invertebrates ..................................................25 Introduction ......................................................25 Materials and Methods .............................................27 Habitat Requirements ...............................................27 Major Factors Affecting the Species ....................................35 x Contents Group Recommendations ............................................36 Contents xi Finfish .............................................................36 Materials and Methods .............................................37 Freshwater Finfishes ..................................................37 Introduction ......................................................37 Historical Trends and Causes of Change .................................38 Habitat Requirements ...............................................38 Major Factors Affecting the Population .................................38 Group Recommendations ............................................44 Estuarine Fishes ......................................................44 Introduction ......................................................44 Historical Trends and Causes of Change .................................44 Habitat Requirements ...............................................45 Major Factors Affecting the Population .................................45 Group Recommendations ............................................45 Estuarine/Marine Finfishes ..............................................45 Introduction ......................................................45 Historical Trends and Causes of Change .................................45 Habitat Requirements ...............................................46 Major Factors Affecting the Population .................................46 Group Recommendations ............................................46 Amphibians .........................................................47 Introduction ......................................................47 Historical Trends and Causes of Change .................................47 Habitat Requirements ...............................................48 Major Factors Affecting the Population .................................48 Group Recommendations ............................................48 Reptiles ............................................................48 Introduction ......................................................48 Materials and Methods .............................................49 Historical Trends and Causes of Change .................................49 Habitat Requirements ...............................................49 Major Factors Affecting the Population .................................50 Group Recommendations ............................................51 Birds ..............................................................51 Introduction ......................................................51 Historical Trends and Causes of Change .................................52 Major Factors Affecting the Population .................................53 Group Recommendations ............................................53 Specific Recommendations ...........................................54 Seabirds ...........................................................54 Introduction ......................................................54 xii Contents Materials and Methods .............................................54 Historical Trends and Causes of Change .................................55 Habitat Requirements ...............................................55 Major Factors
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