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Urban and Rural Settlements 13 Urban and Rural Settlements Gian Carlo Delgado Ramos (Mexico), Fernando Aragón Durand (Mexico), José Di Bella (Mexico/Canada), Carol Franco (Dominican Republic), Cristián Henríquez Ruiz (Chile), and Gladys Cecilia Hernández Pedraza (Cuba). This chapter should be cited as: Delgado Ramos, G.C., F. Aragón Durand, J. Di Bella, C. Franco, C. Henríquez Ruiz, and G.C. Hernández Pedraza, 2020: Urban, and Rural Sett lements. In: Adaptation to Clima- te Change Risks in Ibero-American Countries — RIOCCADAPT Report [Moreno, J.M., C. Laguna-Defi or, V. Barros, E. Calvo Buendía, J.A. Marengo, and U. Oswald Spring (eds.)], McGraw Hill, Madrid, Spain (pp. 497-540, ISBN: 9788448621667). Chapter 13 – Urban and Rural Settlements CONTENTS Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 499 13.1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 499 13.1.1. Key aspects and scope of the chapter ...................................................................................................................................................... 499 13.1.2. Conceptual framework: vulnerability and urban-rural interactions .......................................................................................... 500 13.1.3. Human settlements and their relationship to climate change ..................................................................................................... 500 13.2. Risk components in relation to human settlements...................................................................................................................................... 502 13.2.1. Hazards..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 502 13.2.2. Exposure and vulnerability ............................................................................................................................................................................. 505 13.3. Characterization of climate change risks and impacts ................................................................................................................................ 506 13.4. Adaptation measures ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 508 13.4.1. Adaptation options ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 508 13.4.2. Planned adaptation activities ....................................................................................................................................................................... 511 13.4.2.1. Supranational and national scale .............................................................................................................................................. 511 13.4.2.2. Sub-national and local scale ........................................................................................................................................................ 514 13.4.3. Autonomous adaptation actions ................................................................................................................................................................. 517 13.5. Barriers, opportunities and interactions .............................................................................................................................................................. 518 13.6. Indicators on the effectiveness of adaptation in human settlements ................................................................................................ 520 13.7. Case studies ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 520 13.7.1. Strategies developed as part of the 100 Resilient Cities Program ........................................................................................... 520 13.7.1.1. Case summary .................................................................................................................................................................................... 520 13.7.1.2. Introduction to the case problem ............................................................................................................................................. 520 13.7.1.3. Case description ................................................................................................................................................................................ 523 13.7.1.4. Limitations and interactions ....................................................................................................................................................... 524 13.7.1.5. Lessons learned ................................................................................................................................................................................. 524 13.7.2. Neighborhood Contingency Plan for Early Response to Flooding in Las Terrenas (Dominican Republic) ............ 524 13.7.2.1. Case summary .................................................................................................................................................................................... 524 13.7.2.2. Introduction to the case problem ............................................................................................................................................. 524 13.7.2.3. Case description ................................................................................................................................................................................ 524 13.7.2.4. Limitations and interactions ....................................................................................................................................................... 525 13.7.2.5. Lessons learned ................................................................................................................................................................................. 525 13.7.3. Flood risk management in Blumenau, Santa Catarina (Brazil) ..................................................................................................... 525 13.7.3.1. Case summary .................................................................................................................................................................................... 525 13.7.3.2. Introduction to the case problem ............................................................................................................................................. 525 13.7.3.3. Case description ................................................................................................................................................................................ 525 13.7.3.4. Limitations and interactions ....................................................................................................................................................... 526 13.7.3.5. Lessons learned ................................................................................................................................................................................. 526 13.7.4. Actions to reduce vulnerability and water insecurity of the poorest population in Mexico City (CDMX): rainwater harvesting in homes ..................................................................................................................................................................... 526 13.7.4.1. Case summary .................................................................................................................................................................................... 526 13.7.4.2. Introduction to the case problem ............................................................................................................................................. 526 13.7.4.3. Case description ................................................................................................................................................................................ 527 13.7.4.4. Limitations and interactions ....................................................................................................................................................... 527 13.7.4.5. Lessons learned ................................................................................................................................................................................. 529 13.7.5. Manizales, from autonomous to planned adaptation....................................................................................................................... 529 13.7.5.1. Case summary ...................................................................................................................................................................................
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