DOCSLIB.ORG

Water Scarcity and Water Policy in Mexico

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Water Scarcity and Water Policy in Mexico Water Scarcity and Water Policy in Mexico Gianluca Facchini Master thesis for the Master of Philosophy in Economics degree Department of Economics University of Oslo 04.05.2009 Acknowledgements Firstly, I am deeply grateful to my supervisor, Prof. Olav Bjerkholt, for having supported me everytime I needed with useful advices and lots of patience. I would like to thank ATL Interamericana S. de R.L. de C.V, and in particular Ernesto Krüger, Rubèn Isaac Leòn Ramos and Leonardo Montes Vizueth for all the advices and assistance you gave me in Mexico over the last two months. I also thank all my friends for having shared with me nice moments here in Norway, even through the most unpleasant periods. A special thank goes to my friend Tessa Lyn Anderson for her priceless proofreading at the last minute. All remaining errors are mine, of course. Gianluca Facchini April, 2009 i Dedication I dedicate this work to my family, for the unconditional love they gave to me and the unceasing moral support over these two years of studying, and to Mariana, my girlfriend. Gianluca Facchini April, 2009 ii List of abbreviations CEHI: Caribbean Environmental Health Institute CNA: Conagua, Comision Nacional del Agua CONAPO: Consejo Nacional de Poblacion GDP: Gross Domestic Product DF: Districto Federal ED: Electrodialysis EEA: European Environmental Agency FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization FCE: Comision Federal de Electricidad HDI: Human Development Index IDA: International Desalination Association IMF: International Monetary Fund INE: National Institute of Ecology INEGI: Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia IRWR: Internal Renewable Water Resources LAN: National Water Law MSF: Multi-stage flash evaporation NF: Nano filtration PEMEX: Petroleos Mexicanos PIB: Producto Interno Bruto (GDP in English) REPDA: Registro Publico de Derechos del Agua RO: Reverse Osmosis SAGARPA: Secreteria de Agricultura, Ganaderia, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentacion SECTUR: Secretaria de Turismo SEMARNAT: Secretaria de medio ambiente y recursos naturales SMN: Servicio Meteorologico Nacional UN: United Nations UNAM: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization USA: United States of America VC: Vapor compression WRAP: Water Right Adjustment Program WUA: Water user association ZMCM: Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de Mexico iii List of figures Figure 1. Historical monthly mean normal precipitation (1941-2006) ................................................ 10 Figure 2. Distribution of water in the country in proportion to the population and the GDP (PIB in Spanish) ................................................................................................................................................ 11 Figure 3. Hydrological-Administrative regions of Mexico .................................................................. 12 Figure 4. Water uses in Mexico. Evolution of water availability in Mexico ....................................... 13 Figure 5. Average availability in different countries ........................................................................... 13 Figure 6. Map of the over-exploited aquifers ....................................................................................... 16 figure 7. Superficial waters .................................................................................................................. 17 Figure 8. Comparison between the land surface of irrigation and technified rain-fed districts ........... 19 Figure 9. Impact of energy consumption Tariff for groundwater pumping in Mexico ........................ 24 Figure 10. Geographic distribution of the electricity subsidy in agriculture, 2002 .............................. 27 Figure 11. Relationship between the volumes extracted and granted .................................................. 28 figure 12. Distribution of the irrigation technologies ........................................................................... 30 figure 13. Effects of the subsidy for the aquifers ................................................................................. 31 iv List of tables Table.1 Main economic indexes of Mexico, 2001-2007 ........................................................................ 5 Table.2 Tourist visitors in Mexico, 2007 ............................................................................................... 7 Table.3 Hydrological and Administrative areas ................................................................................... 12 Table.4 Hurricanes in Mexico, 1980-2006 ........................................................................................... 14 Table.5 Number of over-exploited aquifers ......................................................................................... 16 Table.6 Wastewater produced, treated and re-used, 1995-2012 .......................................................... 22 Table.7 Wastewater produced, treated and re-used, 2007 .................................................................... 22 Table.8 Users and amount of subsidy of the Tariff 09 ......................................................................... 25 Table.9 Distribution of the subsidy among the users ........................................................................... 25 Table.10 Distribution of the subsidy/Tariff 09 - GINI coefficient ....................................................... 26 Table.11T-student`s distribution between volume granted and volume extracted ............................... 28 Table.14 Average growing population of the metropolitan area (millions) ......................................... 42 Table.15 Average availability of water/Administrative region, 2001-2007 ......................................... 44 Table.16 Total amount of water supplied, 2000-2006 ......................................................................... 44 Table.17 Tariff of water for human domestic use, Federal District, 2006 ........................................... 47 Table.18 Costs, price and benefits of the water utilities....................................................................... 48 Table.19 National Inventory of desalination plants in Mexico (2003)................................................. 56 Table.20 Desalination plants per process and location ........................................................................ 56 Table.21 the cost of desalinated water to selected cities ...................................................................... 58 v Table of contents Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................. i Dedication ............................................................................................................................................... ii List of abbreviations .............................................................................................................................. iii List of figures ......................................................................................................................................... iv List of tables ............................................................................................................................................ v Table of contents .................................................................................................................................... vi INTRODUCTION. Objectives and Research questions ......................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1. Overview of the mexican economy: the three sectors ...................................................... 3 1.1 Economic Index summary ............................................................................................................ 3 1.2 The Oil sector ................................................................................................................................ 4 1.3 The Remittance ............................................................................................................................. 6 1.4 The Tourism sector ....................................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER 2. Statistics of water: Water scarcity in Mexico .................................................................. 8 2.1 Demographic summary ................................................................................................................. 8 2.2 Average precipitation .................................................................................................................. 10 2.3 Distribution of water in the country ............................................................................................ 10 2.4 Water uses ................................................................................................................................... 11 2.5 Water availability per capita ....................................................................................................... 13 2.6 Risks related to meteorological events ........................................................................................ 14 2.7 Basins and aquifers: Solutions for the water scarcity ................................................................. 15 2.8 Superficial waters: Rivers and lakes ..........................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Becle, S.A.B. De C.V
    [Translation for informational purposes only] ANNUAL REPORT FILED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GENERAL PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO ISSUERS OF SECURITIES AND TO OTHER PARTICIPANTS IN THE SECURITIES MARKET, FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018. BECLE, S.A.B. DE C.V. Guillermo González Camarena No.800-4, Col. Zedec Santa Fe, C.P. 01210, Mexico City, Mexico “CUERVO” Securities Representing the Capital Stock of the Issuer Characteristics Market in which they are registered Single Series Shares of Common Stock Bolsa Mexicana de Valores, S.A.B. de C.V. The securities of the issuer referred to above are registered in the National Securities Registry (Registro Nacional de Valores). Registration in the National Securities Registry (Registro Nacional de Valores) does not certify the soundness of the securities or the solvency of the issuer, or the accuracy or veracity of the information contained in the prospectus, and it does not validate the actions that, as applicable, have been performed in contravention of applicable law. [Translation for informational purposes only] TABLE OF CONTENTS 1) Overview 4 A) GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 4 B) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 C) RISK FACTORS 22 D) OTHER SECURITIES 42 E) MATERIAL CHANGES TO THE RIGHTS OF SECURITIES REGISTERED IN THE NATIONAL SECURITIES REGISTRY 43 F) PUBLIC DOCUMENTS 44 2) THE COMPANY 45 A) HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPANY 45 B) BUSINESS DESCRIPTION 49 i) Main Activity 49 ii) Distribution Channels 61 iii) Patents, licenses, brands and other agreements 63 iv) Main customers 64 v) Applicable law
    [Show full text]
  • State, Water and the Production of the Latin American City
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304988035 State, Water and the Production of the Latin American City Chapter · January 2015 DOI: 10.1057/9781137468673_1 CITATIONS READS 0 149 1 author: Antonio Augusto Rossotto Ioris Cardiff University 257 PUBLICATIONS 1,963 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Environment and Development: Shared 21st Century Sustainability Challenges View project The Value Base of Water Governance in the Upper Paraguay River Basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil. View project All content following this page was uploaded by Antonio Augusto Rossotto Ioris on 30 September 2017. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. This file is to be used only for a purpose specified by Palgrave Macmillan, such as checking proofs, preparing an index, reviewing, endorsing or planning coursework/other institutional needs. You may store and print the file and share it with others helping you with the specified purpose, but under no circumstances may the file be distributed or otherwise made accessible to any other third parties without the express prior permission of Palgrave Macmillan. Please contact [email protected] if you have any queries regarding use of the file. PROOF 1 State, Water and the Production of the Latin American City Abstract: Th e introductory chapter situates the debate on the Latin American city in the wider historical and geographical perspective of colonisation, nation building, economic development and neoliberal reforms. Because Latin America is a diversifi ed and dynamic region, a critical assessment of large-scale urbanisation off ers a helpful entry point into its socioeconomic and environmental complexity.
    [Show full text]
  • Mexico-Systematic-Country-Diagnostic.Pdf
    Public Disclosure Authorized Systematic Country Diagnostic Public Disclosure Authorized Mexico Systematic Public Disclosure Authorized Country DiagnosticNovember 2018 Mexico Public Disclosure Authorized © 2019 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet: www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 21 20 19 18 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclu- sions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Nothing herein shall constitute or be considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of the privi- leges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: World Bank. 2018. Mexico - Systematic Country Diagnostic (English). Washington, D.C. : World Bank Group. Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with the attribution: This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an official World Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation.
    [Show full text]
  • Cases from Africa, Asia, Australia, Latin America And
    Edson de Oliveira Vieira Samuel Sandoval-Solis Valmir de Albuquerque Pedrosa J. Pablo Ortiz-Partida Editors Integrated Water Resource Management Cases from Africa, Asia, Australia, Latin America and USA Integrated Water Resource Management Edson de Oliveira Vieira • Samuel Sandoval-Solis Valmir de Albuquerque Pedrosa J. Pablo Ortiz-Partida Editors Integrated Water Resource Management Cases from Africa, Asia, Australia, Latin America and USA Editors Edson de Oliveira Vieira Samuel Sandoval-Solis Federal University of Minas Gerais Department of Land, Air and Water Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil Resources University of California, Davis Valmir de Albuquerque Pedrosa Davis, CA, USA Federal University of Alagoas Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil J. Pablo Ortiz-Partida Hydrologic Sciences Graduate Group University of California, Davis Davis, CA, USA ISBN 978-3-030-16564-2 ISBN 978-3-030-16565-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16565-9 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication.
    [Show full text]
  • The W12 Framework Supporting Collaboration Among Cities for Water Security
    MAY 2020 The W12 Framework Supporting Collaboration Among Cities for Water Security Authors: Jesse Knapp (Lead Author) Anna Hixson Philip Clayton Ellie Leaning Jeremy Fackenthal Azra Tanovic http://w12-congress.com Table of Contents Acknowledgments ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ v Abbreviations ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vi Introduction Core Assumptions ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 Core Values ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 Dimensions of the Water Challenge ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 Four Core Questions ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 Aspects of Solutions-Oriented Thinking --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 The W12 Congress and the W12 ProtocolPreamble to The W12 Protocol ----------------------------------------------5 Preamble to the W12 Water Protocol ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 The W12 Protocol: Description and Preliminary Research Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
    [Show full text]
  • Urban and Rural Settlements
    13 Urban and Rural Settlements Gian Carlo Delgado Ramos (Mexico), Fernando Aragón Durand (Mexico), José Di Bella (Mexico/Canada), Carol Franco (Dominican Republic), Cristián Henríquez Ruiz (Chile), and Gladys Cecilia Hernández Pedraza (Cuba). This chapter should be cited as: Delgado Ramos, G.C., F. Aragón Durand, J. Di Bella, C. Franco, C. Henríquez Ruiz, and G.C. Hernández Pedraza, 2020: Urban, and Rural Sett lements. In: Adaptation to Clima- te Change Risks in Ibero-American Countries — RIOCCADAPT Report [Moreno, J.M., C. Laguna-Defi or, V. Barros, E. Calvo Buendía, J.A. Marengo, and U. Oswald Spring (eds.)], McGraw Hill, Madrid, Spain (pp. 497-540, ISBN: 9788448621667). Chapter 13 – Urban and Rural Settlements CONTENTS Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 499 13.1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 499 13.1.1. Key aspects and scope of the chapter ...................................................................................................................................................... 499 13.1.2. Conceptual framework: vulnerability and urban-rural interactions .........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Water Resources Management As A
    Managing water differently: Integrated Water Resources Management as a framework for adaptation to climate change in Mexico White Paper for the Environmental Working Group of the UC-Mexico Initiative J. Pablo Ortiz-Partida 1, S. Sandoval-Solis 1, Jesús Arellano González1, Josué Medellín-Azuara1, J. Edward Taylor1 1. University of California, Davis 1111 FRANKLIN STREET, OAKLAND, CA 94607-5200; 900 UNIVERSITY AVE, RIVERSIDE, CA 92521 TEL: 951.827.4558; EMAIL: [email protected]; WEBPAGE: UCMEXICOINITIATIVE.UCR.EDU Table of Contents I. Abstract ................................................................ 2 II. Introduction .......................................................... 2 III. human welfare implications ................................... 6 IV. binational context ................................................. 7 V. Theoretical framework ........................................... 7 VI. Policy responses and challenges ............................. 9 VII. Scientific/historical background: What do we know? 9 VIII. Unanswered questions, research void .................... 12 IX. Thinking ahead: Priorities for future binational research and training initiatives ............................. 12 X. Bibliography......................................................... 14 Abstract Climate change is expected to impact water availability and its management, with more frequent and extended droughts, more severe floods, and lower water quality. Water allocation policies, regulations and infrastructure in Mexico were not designed for changing
    [Show full text]
  • Becle, S.A.B. De C.V
    [Translation for informational purposes only] ANNUAL REPORT PREPARED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GENERAL PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO ISSUERS OF SECURITIES AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS OF EXCHANGE MARKETS, ISSUED BY THE NATIONAL BANKING AND SECURITIES COMMISSION OF MEXICO, FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019.1 BECLE, S.A.B. DE C.V. Guillermo González Camarena No.800-4, Col. Zedec Santa Fe, Ciudad de México, 01210 TICKER SYMBOL: “CUERVO” Securities Representing the Capital Stock of the Issuer Characteristics Stock Exchange in which our Shares are registered Single Series Shares of Common Stock Bolsa Mexicana de Valores, S.A.B. de C.V. (Mexican Stock Exchange) The securities of the Issuer are registered in the National Securities Registry (Registro Nacional de Valores). Registration in the National Securities Registry (Registro Nacional de Valores) does not imply certification on the soundness of the securities or the solvency of the Issuer, or the accuracy or veracity of the information contained in this Annual Report, and it does not validate the acts that, in its case, would have been performed in contravention of the applicable law. 1 Legal disclaimer: This document is an English translation of a Spanish-language document and is provided for information purposes only. In the event of any discrepancy, the text of the original Spanish language document shall prevail. The Spanish-language document is available on www.ircuervo.com - 1 - [Translation for informational purposes only] TABLE OF CONTENTS 1) OVERVIEW [ * ] A) GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
    [Show full text]
  • The W12 Framework Supporting Collaboration Among Cities for Water Security
    MAY 2020 The W12 Framework Supporting Collaboration Among Cities for Water Security Authors: Jesse Knapp (Lead Author) Anna Hixson Philip Clayton Ellie Leaning Jeremy Fackenthal Azra Tanovic http://w12-congress.com Table of Contents Acknowledgments ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ v Abbreviations ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vi Introduction Core Assumptions ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 Core Values ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 Dimensions of the Water Challenge ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 Four Core Questions ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 Aspects of Solutions-Oriented Thinking --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 The W12 Congress and the W12 ProtocolPreamble to The W12 Protocol ----------------------------------------------5 Preamble to the W12 Water Protocol ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 The W12 Protocol: Description and Preliminary Research Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
    [Show full text]
  • Curriculum Vitae: Antonio Cardona Benavides
    __________________________________________________________________ CURRÍCULUM VITAE ANTONIO CARDONA BENAVIDES ___________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ INDICE DATOS PERSONALES ....................................................................................................................... 1 I.- ESCOLARIDAD .............................................................................................................................. 1 II.- INVESTIGACIONES CONCLUIDAS Y PUBLICACIONES ................................................... 2 II.1.- TRABAJOS PUBLICADOS EN MEMORIAS DE CONGRESOS Y SIMPOSIOS NACIONALES E INTERNACIONALES ..................................................................................................... 2 II.2.- PUBLICACIONES CIENTÍFICAS O DE DIVULGACIÓN (NACIONALES E INTERNACIONALES) EN REVISTAS CON ARBITRAJE RIGUROSO) ............................................... 17 II.3- PUBLICACIONES CIENTÍFICAS DE DIVULGACIÓN EN REVISTAS SIN ARBITRAJE 22 II.5.- LIBROS COMO EDITOR ....................................................................................................... 24 II.6.- TRADUCCIONES CIENTÍFICAS PUBLICADAS ................................................................ 24 II.7.- RELACIÓN DE CITAS REALIZADAS A TRABAJOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN (MARZO, 2018) ............................................................................................................................................................ 25 III.- PARTICIPACIÓN
    [Show full text]
  • Global Etiquette Guide to Mexico and Latin America
    The Global Etiquette Guide to Mexico and Latin America Everything You Need to Know for Business and Travel Success Dean Foster John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The Global Etiquette Guide to Mexico and Latin America The Global Etiquette Guide to Mexico and Latin America Everything You Need to Know for Business and Travel Success Dean Foster John Wiley & Sons, Inc. This book is dedicated to my parents, Joseph and Sylvia, who first showed me the world Copyright © 2002 by Dean Foster. All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written per- mission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4744. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012, (212) 850-6011, fax (212) 850-6008, email: [email protected]. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent profes- sional person should be sought.
    [Show full text]
  • Diego José Robles Lara
    Evaluation of the wastewater reutilization for irrigation in high-water stress regions in Chihuahua, Mexico Thesis for the degree Master’s in Resource Efficiency in Architecture and Planning (REAP) by Diego José Robles Lara Supervised by Prof. Dr. Ing. Wolfgang Dickhaut Mahmoud Moursy MSc. In cooperation with: i Acknowledgments The preparation of this document has been a gratifying challenge in a year that was already a challenge itself for the world, and that is the reason this research has a great personal significance. I would like to thank my supervisors Professor Wolfgang Dickhaut and Mahmoud Moursy from the HafenCity Universität, who guided and advised me throughout the whole process of investigation. My gratitude goes as well for Mr. Sören Rüd from the GIZ and based in Bonn, who was my first contact with the organization in December 2019 and showed interest in a cooperation for a master thesis since the first moment. This appreciation is particularly extended to Ms. Bianca Corona, from the WaCCliM technical team based in Mexico, who provided an important support to my research for almost a whole year. I want to thank additionally to Dr. Mario Olmos from JMAS Chihuahua, Dr. Hernández from IMPLAN Chihuahua, and Mr. Martínez from the Rural Development department of the municipality of Chihuahua, who provided key and reliable data that resulted in the completion of this research. To my family, supporting and loving me from the distance. To my colleagues and classmates, from whom I have learned greatly during these years. To all the people that were and still are in my life and have made this adventure in Hamburg an exceptional experience.
    [Show full text]