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New Records of Some Fishes from Hadhramout Coast, Gulf of Aden, Yemen

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New Records of Some Fishes from Hadhramout Coast, Gulf of Aden, Yemen Iran. J. Ichthyol. (2021) 8(3): 189-203 © 2021 Iranian Society of Ichthyology P-ISSN: 2383-1561; E-ISSN: 2383-0964 ORIGINAL ARTICLE New records of some fishes from Hadhramout coast, Gulf of Aden, Yemen Attaala Muhaysin ALI1* , Mohammed Awadh ALGURABI2 , Botagoz Murasovna NASIBULINA3 Tatyana Fedorovna KUROCHKINA3 , Shima BAKHSHALIZADEH4 1 Consultant (Private Researcher); Abstract Formerly Hadhramout University. 2 During surveys of the Hadhramout coast, the Gulf of Aden, five fish species were recorded. Environment and Fisheries consultant, Qusayr, Hadhramout, Review of all previous studies and publications show that these species from different families Yemen. were not previously reported in the Gulf. The species identified include Lepidocybium 3Faculty of Geology & Geography, Innovative Natural Institute, flavobrunneum (Gempylidae), Muraenesox cinereus (Muraenesocidae), Conger macrocephalus Astrakhan State University. (Congridae), Histiopterus typus (Pentacerotidae) and Brotula multibarbata (Ophidiidae). This 4Department of Marine Sciences, Caspian Sea Basin Research Center, paper describes the detailed characteristics of each species Keywords: Universitysss of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Morphometric; Perciformes; Anguilliformes; Ophidiiformes; Muraenesocidae. Correspondence [email protected] Article history: Received 12 December 2020; Accepted 22 July 2021; Online 25 September 2021 . INTRODUCTION coexistence with some invertebrates, has no economic A large number of marine fish species are fished importance in most areas of its distribution, despite the annually in the northern coast of the Gulf of Aden, wide distribution of its representatives in all oceans especially the coast of Hadhramout with an estimated (Van Den Spiegel & Jangoux 1989; Neilsen et al. 40 thousand tons fished in 2011 (Ministry of fish 1999). wealth 2012). However, many of these species are not Family Gempylidae contains 16 valid genera classified yet and their taxonomic affiliation and Fricke et al. (2021). Most inhabit the deep and biology have not been studied by ichthyologists. The mesopelagic waters of the open ocean, are very fauna of Hadhramout coast is mostly little known. A widespread in the tropical zone, but live occasionally deficiency of data on the biology, distribution, and in coastal areas. One species (Gempylus serpens) of abundance of many species are mainly due to incorrect this family is present in Yemen coast, including Gulf identification and taxonomy of species in the course of Aden, but it is quite rare and special commercial of ordinary and rare scientific fishing operations. fishing is not conducted as in Western Indian Ocean Publications relating to ichthyological or biological (Nakamura & Parin 1993). works characteristic of the Gulf of Aden are limited. Family Muraenesocidae Kaup, 1859, known as The area of Gulf of Aden, including Hadhramout pike conger eels, includes six genera and 15 species coast is marked by distinctive features, supporting (Froese & Pauly 2020), but according to Nelson et al. attractive environmental and biological conditions for (2016), this family contains four genera and eight more marine organisms, which need profound and species of which we are interested in is the genus meticulously scientific investigation (Al Saafani & Muraenesox McClelland, 1844 - pike congers. Manilo Shenoi 2007; Ali et al. 2017). (2003) summarizes the content of this family in the The fishes of the orders Perciformes and Arabian Sea by observing three genera and five Anguilliformes are ranging from the most important species. environmentally to the rare; nonetheless they are an Many species of the Congridae family live in important part of Gulf of Aden fauna and the coast of tropical seas, but most of them are insufficiently Hadhramout in particular. Order Ophidiiformes, studied. The difficulty of studying them is exacerbated regardless of its environmental importance through by their largely hidden lifestyle, living in crevices of Journal homepage: ijichthyol.org DOI: https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.v8i3.564 190 Ali et al./ New records of some fishes from Hadhramout coast Fig.1. Sampling sites along the Hadhramout coast, Gulf of Aden, Yemen. rocks and burrows dug out in the sandy bottom. This MATERIALS AND METHODS family in Arabian Sea is consisting of nine genera and Study site: A distinctive administrative region of the 11 species (Manilo 2003). Hadhramout province, located in the northern coast of The family Ophidiidae resembles eels too, but they the Gulf of Aden, has about 350km of coastal waters. are distinguished by the presence of well-developed The water around Hadhramout coast is transitions pelvic fins in the form of long barbels terminating in between relatively warm and brackish Indian Ocean two branches, the fin emerges near the throat. In most water to the south and salty Red sea water masses to of its species the soft rays of dorsal and anal fins are the northwest. continuous around and connect with tail rays; gill Hadhramout coast is characterized by owning some openings wide. Its mouth is large, resembling a sandy beaches, consisting of rocky highlands catfish's mouth. Many species are known and most of backgrounds, such as rocky shores of the east of Bir them from warm seas. In Arabian Sea, it comprises six Ali, Broom, east of Mukalla and Sharma. There are genera with 11 species (Manilo 2003). many areas of environmental importance along the Family Pentacerotidae or armourheads are a small coast, from which the coast of Beer Ali and its islands family of fish. They are native to the Indian Ocean, richly coral formations. The water column in the coast western and central Pacific Ocean. As a rule, they of Hadhramout characterized by a good mix of the occur at shallower depths as single specimens or in surface layers, separated from the sub-surface water groups of low density. This family is divided into two by stable layers at a depth of about 100m (Badhafari subfamilies: Histiopterinae has 6 genera and 7 species, 2003). It is devoid of mangrove plants, but some which, as a rule, live in the coastal zone near the assemblages of limited macroalgae exist (Ormond & bottom and are found at a considerable depth, and Banaimoon 1994). Pentacerotinae, which contain one genus and 6 species Specimens and measurements: From local tuna fishers (Kim 2012). Some of these fish, despite extensive operating near the Hadhramout coast (N14°33’26”, commercial and artisanal fishing operations in the E49°29’59”) on 15 January 2018, nine specimens of waters of the Gulf of Aden occurring since the Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith 1843) were beginning of the last century, have never been found. collected at the landing site of Mukalla. Two In this paper we address what has been gained of specimens of M. cinereus (Forsskål, 1775) from fishes from artisanal fishing during the last years. family Muraenesocidae, one specimen of Conger Int. J. Aquat. Biol. (2019) 7(4): 189-203 191 macrocephalus Kanazawa, 1958, family Congridae were caught by second author 28 February, 3 and 4 March 2020, respectively at the coast of Qusay’ir district, eastern of Mukalla, around coordinate of (N14o46’, E50o37’). One specimen of Histiopterus typus Temmínck & Schlegel, 1844, family Pentacerotidae caught near the shore of Qusayr (N14o50’, E50o22’), Hadhramout coast in 8 March 2020. One specimen of B. multibarbata (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) Ophidiidae family was collected fresh from fishermen in March 21, 2020, who claimed that the place of capture was around the coordinate Fig.2. Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith, 1843) from N14°46’, E50°37’. Hadhramout coast, Yemen, and its head showing the teeth on jaws. Each specimen was photographed in fresh condition (Cape of Good Hope, Africa). and preserved in formalin after recording meristic and Synonyms: Xenogramma carinatum Waite, 1904. morphometric measurements. All measurements were Nesogrammus thompsoni Fowler, 1923 made precisely in the lab. With a measuring tape to the Diplogonurus maderensis Noronha, 1926. nearest 0.5mm. Lepidosarda retigramma Kishinouye, 1926. The sampling is covered by pelagic and demersal Diagnosis: The body is sufficiently oblong, gears; Hook and Line, and fish traps (locally called Al moderately compressed (Fig. 1). Two dorsal fins, the Sakhawi) at depths of 20 to 200m. The areas of first very low with of 9 short hard spines, the second sampling are the main local fishing grounds within the with 1 hard ray and 17 (18) soft rays, followed by 6 coastal 200 mile EEZ (Fig.1). Specimens were finlets; anal fin consists of 2 hard rays followed by 13 identified based on the description of each of Bauchot soft rays and 4 filets. Although Lateral line has & Smith, (1984), Fricke (2004) and Randall & distinctive shape it is faint and highly sinuous along Heemstra (2006) and. In addition, the Fischer and the body originating from upper corner of opercle and Bianchi (1984) were used. The specimens were is slightly in advance of the caudal keel. Teeth in the photographed fresh, morphometric and meristic lower jaw are strong; sharp cusped, conical and totaled measurements were recorded. All proportional 10 pairs. The front pair is smallest; the upper jaw measurements are expressed as percentage of total (maxilla) has multiple short, strong teeth, two anterior (TL), fork (FL), standard lengths (SL) and head length pairs on the anterior roof of the mouth in the form of (HL). The abbreviations wherever they appear in the canines as large as those in the lower jaw (Fig. 2). texts are as follows: (A) anal fin, (D) dorsal fin, (P) Vomer is with a single row of teeth. A thick strong pectoral fin, (V) ventral fin, (LL) lateral line, (DFO) lateral keel on each side of caudal peduncle is flanked dorsal fin origin. by two small supplementary keels above and below. The tail is well developed and deeply forked. RESULTS Description: The body is elongated with pointed head, Order: Perciformes the eyes are large and slightly oval; the maxilla is Family: Gempylidae Gill, 1862 broadened and rounded behind, and extends to below Genus: Lepidocybium Gill, 1862 the anterior margin of the eye. Gill rakers are Lepidocybium flavobrunneum (Smith 1843) rudimentary and expressed as a few short, weak Escolar spines.
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