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Developing Standardised Fdm-Based Indicators Focus on Operational Risks Identified in the European Plan for Aviation Safety

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Developing Standardised Fdm-Based Indicators Focus on Operational Risks Identified in the European Plan for Aviation Safety SAFETY PROMOTION Good Practice document EUROPEAN AUTHORITIES COORDINATION GROUP ON FLIGHT DATA MONITORING (EAFDM) DEVELOPING STANDARDISED FDM-BASED INDICATORS FOCUS ON OPERATIONAL RISKS IDENTIFIED IN THE EUROPEAN PLAN FOR AVIATION SAFETY Version 2 (December 2016) DEVELOPING STANDARDISED FDM-BASED INDICATORS | Focus on operational risks identified in the European Plan for Aviation Safety Version 2 (December 2016)) Contents General note .....................................................................................................................................3 Executive Summary ..........................................................................................................................4 Abbreviations and definitions ..........................................................................................................5 I. Explanatory note .......................................................................................................................7 1. Background ............................................................................................................................................ 7 Flight Data Monitoring, a safety management tool ...........................................................................7 The European Plan for Aviation Safety ................................................................................................7 2. Concept of Standardised FDM-based indicators .................................................................................. 8 Objective ................................................................................................................................................8 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................8 Relationship with FDM events recommended in air operation rules ................................................9 Flight parameter performance and FDM software limitation ..........................................................11 3. Definition of standardised FDM-based indicators .............................................................................. 12 Composition ........................................................................................................................................12 The fields .............................................................................................................................................12 A flexible and simple definition .........................................................................................................13 Organisation ........................................................................................................................................13 II. Standardised FDM-based indicators........................................................................................14 1. Indicators relevant for the prevention of Runway Excursions ........................................................... 15 RE.1 - High speed rejected take-off ....................................................................................................15 RE.2 - Take-off with abnormal configuration .....................................................................................16 RE.3 - Insufficient take-off performance ............................................................................................17 RE.4 - Unstable shortly before landing ..............................................................................................18 RE.5 - Abnormal attitude or bounce at landing ................................................................................19 RE.6 - Hard landing ..............................................................................................................................20 RE.7 - Aircraft lateral deviations at high speed on the ground ........................................................21 RE.8 - Short rolling distance at landing..............................................................................................22 2. Indicators relevant for the prevention of Controlled Flight Into Terrain .......................................... 23 CFIT.1 - (E)GPWS/TAWS Warning Trigger ..........................................................................................23 3. Indicators relevant for the prevention of Loss of Control In Flight ................................................... 24 LOC-I.1 - Excessive roll attitude or roll rate........................................................................................24 LOC-I.2 - Stall protection trigger .........................................................................................................24 LOC-I.3 – Excessive speed / vertical speed / accelerations ...............................................................25 LOC-I.4 - Insufficient energy at high altitude .....................................................................................26 LOC-I.5 - Low go-around or rejected landing ....................................................................................27 LOC-I.6 – Reduced margin to manoeuvrability speed .......................................................................28 4. Indicators relevant for the prevention of Mid-Air collisions .............................................................. 28 MAC.1 - TCAS/ACAS Resolution Advisory ..........................................................................................28 Annex A: FDM data summaries ......................................................................................................29 Principle of FDM data summaries ........................................................................................................... 29 Time frame and reference period ........................................................................................................... 29 General activity information ................................................................................................................... 29 2 DEVELOPING STANDARDISED FDM-BASED INDICATORS | Focus on operational risks identified in the European Plan for Aviation Safety Version 2 (December 2016)) General note This document was produced by the members of the European Authorities coordination group on FDM (EAFDM). Information on the EAFDM can be consulted in EASA website. The EAFDM is a voluntary partnership between the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and National Avia- tion Authorities of EASA Member States, with the following objectives: ´ to foster actions by National Aviation Authorities which lead to the improved implementation of FDM Pro- grammes and increase their safety effectiveness, ´ to contribute to enhancement of safety in Europe, and ´ to assist in the provision of a more accurate overview of air transport operational safety in Europe. The experts that contributed to the second edition of this document were delegated from the following authorities: ´ Austro Control (Austria) ´ BCAA (Belgium) ´ DGAC (France) ´ IAA (Ireland) ´ ENAC (Italy) ´ CAA (Latvia) ´ ULC (Poland) ´ AESA (Spain) ´ CAA (United Kingdom) ´ EASA According to its terms of reference, the EAFDM is a voluntary and independent safety initiative. Therefore this document should not be considered as an official guidance of any of the authorities represented at the EAFDM. This document is intended to be updated by the EAFDM when necessary. If you would like to give your comments on this document, please write to [email protected]. 3 DEVELOPING STANDARDISED FDM-BASED INDICATORS | Focus on operational risks identified in the European Plan for Aviation Safety Version 2 (December 2016)) Executive Summary This document offers standardised indicators based on Flight Data Monitoring data, for the monitoring of com- mon operational risks identified at the European level. Flight data monitoring (FDM) can be a powerful tool for an aircraft operator to improve and monitor its oper- ational safety. National Aviation Authorities (NAAs) of EASA Member States are responsible for the oversight of their national operators including their FDM programmes. Beyond this oversight function, NAAs should play a decisive role in coordinating a follow-up through operators’ FDM programmes of significant operational risks identified at the national or European level. Ultimately, this would promote an enhanced monitoring of these risks by each operator, and this could contribute to the State Safety Programmes with information derived from FDM programmes. In order to assist the NAAs in the achievement of this objective, the European Authorities coordination group on FDM (EAFDM) offers a set of standardised FDM-based indicators that an NAA can promote to its aeroplane operators. These FDM-indicators address four categories of aviation occurrences recognised as a high priority by the European Plan for Aviation Safety: runway excursions, controlled flight into terrain, loss of control in flight and mid-air collisions. While standardised FDM-based indicators follow the same construction principles as any FDM event, they are not meant to replace the FDM events currently monitored by operators FDM programmes, or to provide for an acceptable means of compliance. Their function is only to capture known unsafe situations, and not to provide information on the causes, contributing factors or means of preventing unsafe situations. Their primary purpose is to offer guidance for monitoring
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