DOCSLIB.ORG

Enchytraeidae Fridericia Bulbosa As a New Test Species for Soil

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Enchytraeidae Fridericia Bulbosa As a New Test Species for Soil Chemosphere 88 (2012) 501–506 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Chemosphere journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/chemosphere Enchytraeidae Fridericia bulbosa as a new test species for soil ecotoxicity assessment ⇑ Daoli Yang a, Jiang Zhu b, , Rongbing Fu b, Wenhua Wang a, Xiaopin Guo b, Zhenqi Wang b, Hongwei Yao b a School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong-Chuan Road, Shanghai 200240, PR China b Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, 508 Qin-Zhou Road, Shanghai 200233, PR China article info abstract Article history: Fridericia bulbosa (Rosa, 1887) was proposed as a new test species to assess soil ecotoxicity. The acute tox- Received 28 September 2011 icity of mercury (Hg) and bromoxynil (BX) on the mortality of Fridericia bulbosa (F. bulbosa) in OECD soil Received in revised form 28 February 2012 was investigated. The results suggested there were statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between Accepted 5 March 2012 controls and treatments except lower concentration of exposure to single pollutant. BX was more toxic to Available online 2 April 2012 À1 F. bulbosa than Hg. The 14 d LC50 values for F. bulbosa exposed to Hg and BX were 3.87 and 2.41 mg kg , respectively. The effects of mixtures with single pollutants on earthworms were observed differently. Keywords: Toxicity of Hg on earthworms was significantly influenced by the concentration of BX. BX was the main Enchytraeidae Fridericia bulbosa contributive factor of the combined toxic effects. It can be proved that F. bulbosa is a suitable bio-indicator Co-exposure Mixtures to measure the acute toxicity of mixed pollutants in soil and the mortality of earthworms may be con- Mercury sidered as a valuable and sensitive biomarker to diagnose adverse effect of Hg or BX in soil environment. Bromoxynil Ó 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction the first use of F. bulbosa to evaluate the risk of mixture with a heavy metal and an herbicide. Enchytraeids (Oligochaeta) are important organisms of the soil Pesticides and heavy metals (HMs), as extraneous component fauna and are often present in soil where earthworms are not added to soils, will affect the quality of soils (Yang and Sun, found (An and Yang, 2009). They can be collected and cultivated 2007). Pesticides may not only affect the activities of enzymes easier than those common species used in tests (Eisenia fetida (Sannino and Gianfreda, 2001), but also the microbial activity and Eisenia andrei) under the stress of pollutants in field or labora- and biomass in soils (Haney et al., 2000). The negative impact of tory test and therefore, have been used in ecotoxicology diagnosis HMs results from their toxicity to biological processes (Kelly and (OECD, 2004; Zhu and Lu, 2008). Enchytraeus albidus is the recom- Tate, 1998). The combined effects of HM and herbicide are less ex- mended test species by OECD (2004), and has been widely used in plored and have received much attention in recent years (Barata ecotoxicological studies in soil (Lock and Janssen, 2001; Amorim et al., 2006; Wang and Zhou, 2006; Zhou et al., 2008). et al., 2005; Gomes et al., 2011). The other species of the genus Hg is a nonessential metal but quite contrary is one of the most Enchytraeus used in toxicity tests include Enchytraeus buchholzi toxic elements (Lock and Janssen, 2001). Despite growing concerns (Willuhn et al., 1996), Enchytraeus crypticus (Kuperman et al., 2006; about the potential adverse effect of elevated mercury concentra- Menezes-Oliveira et al., 2011), Enchytraeus luxuriosus (Amorim tions in the environment, only few toxicity data were available et al., 2005)andEnchytraeus doerjesi (Kramarz et al., 2005). Although for soil invertebrates (Sauve and Fournier, 2005; Bindesbol and Fridericia is regarded as the genus with most species in the Enchyt- Mark, 2009). The secondary standard of Hg in soils was 0.3 raeidae family (Oligochaete: Annelida: Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) to1.0 mg kgÀ1 (GB 15618, 1995). Abbasi and Soni (1983) found that (Schmelz, 2003), only a few researches have used Fridericia to eval- mercury (II) induced significant mortality of Octochaetus pattoni at uate the toxicity of environmental pollutants. Fridericia bulbosa all levels of exposure and it also caused an enhancement in repro- (Zhu and Lu, 2008) and Fridericia peregrinabunda (An and Yang, duction. Bindesbol and Mark (2009) reported the 4-week LC50 for 2009) were previously used in the toxicity test. F. bulbosa is Dendrobaena octaedra was 38 mg kgÀ1 exposed to mercury chlo- 9–10 mm long, and has 49–54 segments. It is found in Denmark, ride. Beyer et al. (1985) demonstrates that under laboratory condi- Armenia, American, Ireland, Germany, Italy, Tunisia, Algeria, and tions Eisenia fetida may accumulate concentrations of mercury; China (Schmelz, 2003). This paper describes what appears to be concentrations ranging from 0.50 mg kgÀ1 to 0.66 mg kgÀ1 Hg (dry wt). Fischer and Koszorus (1992) found 100% mortality in Eisenia fetida at 500 mg kgÀ1. Bromoxynil (BX, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile) is a post- ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +86 21 6408 5119 2324; fax: +86 21 6483 8991 6143. emergent herbicide registered for use on corn, wheat, and other E-mail address: [email protected] (J. Zhu). small grains to control certain broadleaf weeds and widely used 0045-6535/$ - see front matter Ó 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.007 502 D. Yang et al. / Chemosphere 88 (2012) 501–506 in the world (Buhl et al., 1993a). After 28 d of continuous exposure 3. Results to bromoxynil octanoate (BO), survival of Daphnia magna was re- duced at 80 ug LÀ1 (Buhl et al., 1993a,b). Iglesias et al. (2002) re- 3.1. Toxic effect of Hg on F. bulbosa ported that bromoxynil killed all the eggs of D. reticulatum at doses <0.05 mg cmÀ2 after 24 h exposure. To date no report has fo- As shown in Fig. 1, with the time of exposure to Hg prolonged, cused on the toxicity of BX in earthworms, not mention in Enchyt- the mortality of F. bulbosa went up significantly (p < 0.05) in most raeidae family. In this study, Hg and BX were chosen to investigate treatment groups. No mortality was observed in earthworms even the acute toxicity on the mortality of F. bulbosa. The aim was to test on 6 d of exposure to Hg (Hg 6 1mgkgÀ1). After 14 d of exposure F. bulbosa as a potential species for soil ecotoxicity assessment. The to Hg, mortality of earthworms was observed in most of treatment results obtained in this work should lead to a better understanding groups (Hg P 0.5 mg kgÀ1). The mortality rate reached 100% at of the combined toxicity of mixtures and provide a technical basis 16 mg kgÀ1 after 12 d of exposure. for eco-toxicological soil risk assessment on combination. After the same time of exposure, the dose–response relation- ship was well found between the mortality rate of F. bulbosa and the Hg concentration (except at the lower concentration). Statisti- 2. Materials and methods cal differences were observed between treatment and control groups (p < 0.05). Regression linear equation of 14 d exposure to 2.1. Test chemicals Hg on earthworms is expressed as follows: Mercury chloride (99% purity) was supplied by Shanghai Acad- Y ¼0:71X2 þ 18:18X À 9:68ðR2 ¼ 0:98Þð1Þ emy of Environmental Sciences, China. Bromoxynil (99% purity) À1 was purchased from Shanghai NingYin Business Development where X is the concentration (mg kg )ofHg, and Y is the relative Co., Ltd., China. mortality of earthworms in artificial soils. The (NOEC) of 14 d À1 groups was 0.54 mg kg . The 14 d LC50 was calculated as 3.87 mg kgÀ1. The results from the present study indicated that 2.2. Test species Hg has toxic effect on F. bulbosa. F. bulbosa was collected and propagated by Shanghai Academy 3.2. Toxic effect of BX on F. bulbosa of Environmental Sciences, China. The culture was kept in a tem- perature-controlled incubator (20 ± 1 °C) in the darkness. After a As shown in Fig. 2A and B, the mortality of earthworms in- small adaptive phase, healthy adult earthworms with similar creased significantly with the time of exposure to BX prolonged. weight (1.5 mg) were selected for testing. For all test worms, con- There was no evident mortality of earthworms treated with BX less trol mortality was less than 10% (OECD, 1984). than 0.25 mg kgÀ1. No death was observed at lower concentration (BX 6 2mgkgÀ1) until after 4 d exposure time. The 10 d exposed 2.3. Artificial soil test groups were observed mortality at 8 mg kgÀ1. 14 d of exposure to BX, the mortality went up with increased concentration of BX The artificial soil was prepared according to OECD guideline 207 (BX P 0.5 mg kgÀ1). In other words, a long term exposure may (1984), which comprised (by dry weight) of 10% finely ground have toxic effect on earthworms even in very low concentration sphagnum peat, 20% kaolin clay, 70% industrial fine sand, with of pollutant. pH adjusted to 6.5 by addition of calcium carbonate. According While at the same exposure time, there was a dose–response to the results of preliminary experiments, a series of test concen- relationship between the mortality and the concentration of BX trations were determined. Test duration was set as 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, (Fig. 2B). Statistical differences were observed between all treat- 12 and 14 d mercury chloride was dissolved in deionized water ments and control groups (p < 0.05) except 0.25 mg kgÀ1 to obtain a range of exposure concentration (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and (sig = 0.54, p > 0.05).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • DNA-Based Environmental Monitoring for the Invasive Myxozoan Parasite, Myxobolus Cerebralis, in Alberta, Canada
    ! ! ! ! "#$%&'()*!+,-./0,1),2'3!40,.20/.,5!60/!27)!!8,-'(.-)!49:0;0',!<'/'(.2)=!!"#$%$&'() *+,+%,-&.(=!.,!$3>)/2'=!?','*'! ! >9! ! "',.)33)!+/.,!&'//9! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! $!27)(.(!(@>1.22)*!.,!A'/2.'[email protected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
    [Show full text]
  • Testing Species Hypotheses for Fridericia Magna, an Enchytraeid Worm (Annelida: Clitellata) with Great Mitochondrial Variation
    Martinsson et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2020) 20:116 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-020-01678-5 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Testing species hypotheses for Fridericia magna, an enchytraeid worm (Annelida: Clitellata) with great mitochondrial variation Svante Martinsson* , Mårten Klinth and Christer Erséus Abstract Background: Deep mitochondrial divergences were observed in Scandinavian populations of the terrestrial to semi-aquatic annelid Fridericia magna (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae). This raised the need for testing whether the taxon is a single species or a complex of cryptic species. Results: A total of 62 specimens from 38 localities were included in the study, 44 of which were used for species delimitation. First, the 44 specimens were divided into clusters using ABGD (Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery) on two datasets, consisting of sequences of the mitochondrial markers COI and 16S. For each dataset, the worms were divided into six not completely congruent clusters. When they were combined, a maximum of seven clusters, or species hypotheses, were obtained, and the seven clusters were used as input in downstream analyses. We tested these hypotheses by constructing haplowebs for two nuclear markers, H3 and ITS, and in both haplowebs the specimens appeared as a single species. Multi-locus species delimitation analyses performed with the Bayesian BPP program also mainly supported a single species. Furthermore, no apparent morphological differences were found between the clusters. Two of the clusters were partially separated from each other and the other clusters, but not strongly enough to consider them as separate species. All 62 specimens were used to visualise the Scandinavian distribution, of the species, and to compare with published COI data from other Fridericia species.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.CONTINENTAL BIODIVERSITY of SOUTH
    Acta Zoológica Mexicana (nueva serie) ISSN: 0065-1737 [email protected] Instituto de Ecología, A.C. México Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey CONTINENTAL BIODIVERSITY OF SOUTH AMERICAN OLIGOCHAETES: THE IMPORTANCE OF INVENTORIES Acta Zoológica Mexicana (nueva serie), núm. 2, 2010, pp. 35-46 Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Xalapa, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=57515556003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative ISSN 0065-1737 Acta ZoológicaActa Zoológica Mexicana Mexicana (n.s.) Número (n.s.) Número Especial Especial 2: 35-46 2 (2010) CONTINENTAL BIODIVERSITY OF SOUTH AMERICAN OLIGOCHAETES: THE IMPORTANCE OF INVENTORIES Martin Lindsey CHRISTOFFERSEN Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, 58.059-900, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] Christoffersen, M. L. 2010. Continental biodiversity of South American oligochaetes: The importance of inventories. Acta Zoológica Mexicana (n.s.), Número Especial 2: 35-46. ABSTRACT. A reevaluation of South American oligochaetes produced 871 known species. Megadrile earthworms have rates of endemism around 90% in South America, while Enchytraeidae have less than 75% endemism, and aquatic oligochaetes have less than 40% endemic taxa in South America. Glossoscolecid species number 429 species in South America alone, a full two-thirds of the known megadrile earthworms. More than half of the South American taxa of Oligochaeta (424) occur in Brazil, being followed by Argentina (208 taxa), Ecuador (163 taxa), and Colombia (142 taxa).
    [Show full text]
  • Two Species of Fridericia Mich., 1889 (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae) from Brazil
    Bolm. Zool., Univ. S. Paulo 1:239-256, 1976 Two species of Fridericia Mich., 1889 (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae) from Brazil. MARTIN LINDSEY CHRISTOFFERSEN Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo SUMMARY Two species of enchytraeid worms common in the State of São Paulo, Fridericia bulbosa (Rosa, 1887) and F bollonsi Benham, 1914, were studied regarding their anatomy and taxonomy. Three varieties of F. bulbosa were recognized which, in a general manner, present the following differences: variations in body size, dif­ ference in number of body segments and setae, dissimilar disposition of clitellar and chylus cells, variety in shape of spermathecae, peptonephridia and septal glands, different points of origin of ectal ducts on nephridia and of dorsal vessel and, finally, difference in size of seminal funnels and of penial bulbs. RESUMO Foram estudadas anatômica e sistematicamente Fridericia bulbosa (Rosa, 1887) e F. bollonsi Benham, 1914, comuns no Estado de São Paulo. De F. bulbosa foram reconhecidas três variedades que, de um modo geral, diferem pelo tamanho, número de segmentos e de cerdas, disposição das células clitelares e quilíferas, forma das espermatecas, dos peptonefrídios e das glândulas septais, pela origem do duto excretor nos nefrídios e do vaso dorsal, assim como pelo tamanho dos funis seminais e dos bulbos peniais. Being interested in the Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae, I studied the anthropochorous species, which must be very plastic, anatomically and/or physiologically, to adapt themselves to the new biotopes into which they are introduced by man. Only when the intraspecific differences in the various geographical regions are compiled, will it be possible to establish with certainty the degree of variability of these peregrine species and consequently their synonymy.
    [Show full text]
  • Annelida, Clitellata, Enchytraeidae)
    Organisms Diversity & Evolution (2018) 18:291–312 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-018-0374-6 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Two new bioluminescent Henlea from Siberia and lack of molecular support for Hepatogaster (Annelida, Clitellata, Enchytraeidae) Emilia Rota1 & Svante Martinsson2 & Christer Erséus2 Received: 25 February 2018 /Accepted: 30 July 2018 /Published online: 30 August 2018 # Gesellschaft für Biologische Systematik 2018 Abstract Two bioluminescent enchytraeids, Henlea petushkovi sp. n. and Henlea rodionovae sp. n., are described from the Krasnoyarsk and Irkutsk regions in Eastern Siberia. These large potworms exhibit the typical light-production pattern reported repeatedly in the genus and recently elucidated by Russian researchers in its main biophysical and biochemical aspects. Morphology and DNA indicate that the two species are very closely related, but clearly divergent in the strength of the body wall (thick and opaque in H. petushkovi), structure of the prostomium (in H. rodionovae unprecedentedly wrinkled and mobile), brain shape (almost equilat- eral in H. petushkovi), size of coelomocytes (60–85 μminH. petushkovi) and structure of intestinal diverticula (tulip-shaped in H. petushkovi, apple-shaped in H. rodionovae). Limited hybridization seems to occur between them, supported by a single case of conflict between COI and morphology, and a few intermediate morphotypes were noted in greenhouse populations. The new species are phylogenetically distant from all known congeners so far DNA-barcoded, even those that, like them, respond to the diagnosis of the putative subgenus Hepatogaster Čejka, 1910 (multitubular gut diverticula in VIII, indented brain, dorsal blood vessel from IX, prominent spermathecal glands, and nephridia from 5/6). In fact, our phylogenetic analyses dismiss Hepatogaster as an artificial (polyphyletic) taxon.
    [Show full text]
  • Fauna Europaea: Annelida - Terrestrial Oligochaeta (Enchytraeidae and Megadrili), Aphanoneura and Polychaeta
    Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e5737 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.3.e5737 Data Paper Fauna Europaea: Annelida - Terrestrial Oligochaeta (Enchytraeidae and Megadrili), Aphanoneura and Polychaeta Emilia Rota‡, Yde de Jong §,| ‡ University of Siena, Siena, Italy § University of Amsterdam - Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands | Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany Corresponding author: Emilia Rota ([email protected]), Yde de Jong ([email protected]) Academic editor: Christos Arvanitidis Received: 26 Jul 2015 | Accepted: 07 Sep 2015 | Published: 11 Sep 2015 Citation: Rota E, de Jong Y (2015) Fauna Europaea: Annelida - Terrestrial Oligochaeta (Enchytraeidae and Megadrili), Aphanoneura and Polychaeta. Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e5737. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.3.e5737 Abstract Fauna Europaea provides a public web-service with an index of scientific names (including important synonyms) of all living European land and freshwater animals, their geographical distribution at country level (up to the Urals, excluding the Caucasus region), and some additional information. The Fauna Europaea project covers about 230,000 taxonomic names, including 130,000 accepted species and 14,000 accepted subspecies, which is much more than the originally projected number of 100,000 species. This represents a huge effort by more than 400 contributing specialists throughout Europe and is a unique (standard) reference suitable for many users in science, government, industry, nature conservation and education. This paper provides updated information on the taxonomic composition and distribution of the Annelida - terrestrial Oligochaeta (Megadrili and Enchytraeidae), Aphanoneura and Polychaeta, recorded in Europe. Data on 18 families, 11 autochthonous and 7 allochthonous, represented in our continent by a total of 800 species, are reviewed, beginning from their distinctness, phylogenetic status, diversity and global distribution, and following with major recent developments in taxonomic and faunistic research in Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Fridericia Brunensis Sp. N. (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) – a New European Enchytraeid Species Similar to F
    Folia Fac. Sci. Nat. Univ. Masaryk. Brun., Biol. 110 (2007): 53-65 Newsletter on Enchytraeidae No. 10: Proceedings of the 7 th International Symposium on Enchytraeidae; May 25-28, 2006, Brno, Czech Republic Edited by J. SCHLAGHAMERSKÝ Fridericia brunensis sp. n. (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) – a new European enchytraeid species similar to F. monochaeta Rota, 1995 JI ŘÍ SCHLAGHAMERSKÝ Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Zoology, Kotlá řská 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Fridericia brunensis sp. n. (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae), a species similar to F. monochaeta Rota, 1995 with single dorso-lateral chaetae in most postclitellar segments, preclitellar chylus cells, large seminal vesicle, large sperm funnels, and fused spermathecal ampullae is described based on material from a municipal forest of the city of Brno, Czech Republic. In comparison to its co-geners the species seems very tolerant to acidic and dry conditions. Additional records from Hungary and Germany are discussed. Keywords: Enchytraeidae, Fridericia, taxonomy, species description INTRODUCTION The newly described species was found during an ecological study of enchytraeids conducted in a municipal forest of the city of Brno (Czech Republic) in 2003-2004 (ŠÍDOVÁ & SCHLAGHAMERSKÝ, 2007). It was originally listed as F. cf. monochaeta due to its similarity with the recently described Fridericia monochaeta Rota, 1995 (SCHLAGHAMERSKÝ, 2007; ŠÍDOVÁ & SCHLAGHAMERSKÝ, 2007). As some characters differed from F. monochaeta , additional specimens were investigated later to clarify the taxonomic status of the Brno population. In a discussion with Prof. Klara Dózsa- 54 JI ŘÍ SCHLAGHAMERSKÝ Farkas, Dr. Rüdiger M. Schmelz and Dipl.-Biol.
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Aquatic Community and Water
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Integrated Aquatic Community and Water Quality Monitoring of Wadeable Streams in the Klamath Network – Annual Report 2011 results from Whiskeytown National Recreation Area and Lassen Volcanic National Park Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/KLMN/NRTR—2014/904 ON THE COVER Crystal Creek, Whiskeytown National Recreation Area Photograph by: Charles Stanley, Field Crew Leader Integrated Aquatic Community and Water Quality Monitoring of Wadeable Streams in the Klamath Network – Annual Report 2011 results from Whiskeytown National Recreation Area and Lassen Volcanic National Park Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/KLMN/NRTR—2014/904 Eric C. Dinger, and Daniel A. Sarr National Park Service 1250 Siskiyou Blvd Southern Oregon University Ashland, Oregon 97520 August 2014 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Technical Report Series is used to disseminate results of scientific studies in the physical, biological, and social sciences for both the advancement of science and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series provides contributors with a forum for displaying comprehensive data that are often deleted from journals because of page limitations. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner.
    [Show full text]
  • First Record of Terrestrial Enchytraeidae (Annelida: Clitellata )
    1 First record of terrestrial Enchytraeidae (Annelida: Clitellata) in 2 Versailles palace’s park, France 3 4 Joël Amossé1, Gergely Boros2, Sylvain Bart1, Alexandre R.R. Péry 1, Céline Pelosi1* 5 6 1 UMR ECOSYS, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78026, Versailles, France 7 2 Institute of Ecology & Botany, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Alkotmány, Vácrátót 2-42163, 8 Hungary 9 10 * Corresponding author: UMR1402 INRA AgroParisTech ECOSYS, Bâtiment 6, RD 10, 78026 11 Versailles cedex, France. Tel: (+33)1.30.83.36.07; Fax: (+33)1.30.83.32.59. E-mail address: 12 [email protected] 13 1 14 Abstract 15 16 France can be qualified as terra incognita regarding terrestrial enchytraeids because very little 17 data has been recorded so far in this country. In spring and autumn 2016, enchytraeid communities 18 were investigated in a loamy soil in a meadow located in the park of Versailles palace, France. In total, 19 twenty four enchytraeid species were identified, belonging to six different genera. i.e., eleven 20 Fridericia species, four Enchytraeus species, four Achaeta species, two Buchholzia species, two 21 Marionina species and one Enchytronia species. According to the published data, this was one of the 22 highest diversity found in a meadow in Europe. 23 24 Keywords: Enchytraeids; Potworms; Soil fauna; Annelids; Oligochaeta; Meadow 25 2 26 Introduction 27 28 Despite their key role in soils (Didden, 1993), enchytraeids (Annelida: Clitellata) are so far 29 poorly studied in many countries worldwide. To our knowledge, and except a few species recorded in 30 Schmelz and Collado (2010), no data have been published on enchytraeid communities in France, i.e., 31 based on a literature search in the ISI Web of Knowledge, using the “All Databases” option, with the 32 formula: ‘(enchytr* or potworm*) and (France or French) in Topics’.
    [Show full text]
  • Multi-Level Convergence of Complex Traits and the Evolution of Bioluminescence Emily S
    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 15 December 2020 Multi-level convergence of complex traits and the evolution of bioluminescence Emily S. Lau* and Todd H. Oakley* Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara CA 93106 Corresponding authors information: Emily S. Lau: [email protected]; Todd H. Oakley: [email protected] Keywords multi‐level convergence | evolution | bioluminescence | biological organization | complex trait ABSTRACT Evolutionary convergence provides natural opportunities to investigate how, when, and why novel traits evolve. Many convergent traits are complex, highlighting the importance of explicitly considering convergence at different levels of biological organization, or ‘multi‐level convergent evolution’. To investigate multi‐level convergent evolution, we propose a holistic and hierarchical framework that emphasizes breaking down traits into several functional modules. We begin by identifying long‐standing questions on the origins of complexity and the diverse evolutionary processes underlying phenotypic convergence to discuss how they can be addressed by examining convergent systems. We argue that bioluminescence, a complex trait that evolved dozens of times through either novel mechanisms or conserved toolkits, is particularly well suited for these studies. We present an updated estimate of at least 94 independent origins of bioluminescence across the tree of life, which we calculated by reviewing and summarizing all estimates of independent origins. Then, we use our framework to review the biology, chemistry, and evolution of bioluminescence, and for each biological level identify questions that arise from our systematic review. We focus on luminous organisms that use the shared luciferin substrates coelenterazine or vargulin to produce light because these organisms convergently evolved bioluminescent proteins that use the same luciferins to produce bioluminescence.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigating the Clitellata (Annelida) of Icelandic Springs with Alternative Barcodes
    Fauna norvegica 2019 Vol. 39: 119–132. Investigating the Clitellata (Annelida) of Icelandic springs with alternative barcodes Mårten J. Klinth1, Agnes-Katharina Kreiling2 and Christer Erséus1 Klinth MJ, Kreiling A-K and Erséus C. 2019. Investigating the Clitellata (Annelida) of Icelandic springs with alternative barcodes. Fauna norvegica 39: 119–132. DNA barcoding is an invaluable tool to identify clitellates, regardless of life stage or cryptic morphology. However, as COI (the standard barcode for animals) is relatively long (658 bp), sequencing it requires DNA of high quality. When DNA is fragmented due to degradation, alternative barcodes of shorter length present an option to obtain genetic material. We attempted to sequence 187 clitellates sampled from springs in Iceland. However, the material had been stored at room temperature for two years, and DNA of the worms had degraded, and only three COI sequences were produced (i.e., <2% success rate). Using two alternative barcodes of 16S (one ca. 320 bp, the other ca. 70 bp long) we increased the number of sequenced specimens to 51. Comparisons of the 16S sequences showed that even the short 70 bp fragment contained enough genetic variation to separate all clitellate species in the material. Combined with morphological examinations we recognized a total of 23 species, where at least 8 are new records for Iceland, some belonging to genera new for Iceland: Cernosvitoviella and Pristina. All the new taxa are included in an updated species list of Icelandic Clitellata. The material revealed some stygophilic species previously known to inhabit springs, but true stygobionts, which are restricted to groundwater habitats, were not found.
    [Show full text]
  • The Current Status of Aquatic Oligochaetes in Ireland
    Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society Number 40 (2016) THE CURRENT STATUS OF AQUATIC OLIGOCHAETES IN IRELAND Pascal Sweeney Sweeney Consultancy, Rahan, Mallow, Co. Cork, Ireland. e-mail: <[email protected]> Abstract One hundred aquatic oligochaete species whose presence in Ireland has been confirmed are listed. An overview of the current knowledge regarding the occurrence and distribution of aquatic species of the Families Naididae (including species of the former Family Tubificidae), Pristinidae, Lumbriculidae, Lumbricidae and Phreodrilidae is given. Key words: Oligochaetes, aquatic, Ireland, occurrence, distribution. Introduction Some major changes in the higher classification of the Phylum Annelida in recent years do not yet appear to have resulted in a final stabilized classification system. As the taxonomic name Oligochaeta can now be considered synonymous with Clitellata referring to a rank above the family group (Erséus et al., 2008), the term ‘oligochaete’ is used here to refer to the species of oligochaetous annelids, excluding Polychaeta, leeches and leech-like worms. A change in classification at family level has resulted in the former Family Tubificidae being absorbed into the Family Naididae. As DNA data indicated that these two taxonomic groups should be treated as a single family, Erséus and Gustavsson (2002) proposed that the name Tubificidae be retained, because it was better known, even though Naididae is the older of the two names. However, the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature (2007) ruled that there was not sufficient reason to justify reversal of procedure. Thus, the name Tubificidae is defunct. There is, however, a practical need to be able to use a term identifying the species of this former family, because of its use in biological water quality assessments.
    [Show full text]