¦ow wltb many Russian prisoners. THE H— GREAT BATTLE LINES IN THE WEST May German submarine sinks the l.usltanla, more than 1,150 loat. Rua- THE CHANGING BATTLE LINE IN THE EAST FIRST YEAR OF THE ¦ i*> full retreat from Carpa- thians. WAR ON THE SEA May o—Germans capture LJbau Baltic port. May 12 French rapture Ceremony, At the end of the first year north of Arras, at great coat. of war not a German fighting May 14— American flrst submarine note made public. craft, except submarines, is May 24—Italy declares war on Aus- known to be at large outside tria. the May 26—Italians Invade Anstrla. Baltic sea. The Austrian May 20—Italians take Grodno. Russians warships are check Germans at Slenawa. confined to the up- May per 31—First German note on subma- Adriatic and the Turkish rine reaches Washington. Zeppelins fleet to drop bombs In l«ondon. the Sea of Marmora June adjacent 3—Prsemysl falls to Austro-Ger- and straits. The mer- nnsns. chant marine of June 10—Germans capture Stanlslau. the central June 11—Second European powers U. S. submarine note has disap- to Germany made public. Italians peared utterly from the ocean take Monfalcone. highways. June 12— Italians take Gradlaca. Sixty million dol June lO— Auatro-Germana occupy Tor- lars’ worth of German shipping nogrod. June 22—French take Metaeral. lies idle in the docks of New June 23—French announce occupation York, while several times as of the “l.abyrlnth," north of Arras. Jane 24 Austro-Germans capture l.em- much Is bottled up elsewhere. berg. At the same time the June 2H—Austrians cross the Dniester German at Halles. submarines have Inflicted enor- June 20—Halles falls. mous losses of allied shipping. July 2—Russians defeat German at- tempt to land at Wlndau. prob- July While both sides have B—Russo-German naval battle of ably concealed many losses, Gottlnnd. July 4 Italians take Tolmlno. the following is a fairly accu- July 5Berlin announces gains In the date summary of the number Argonne foreat. July 141—Germans take Prsasnyas. 50 Ihr ru a of Hr*l Krnrrnl K K rmrnl In «hr Weil, lomellmen known nn the battle craft which have been de- miles north of Warsaw. of atarted 20 In the Mnun-tliarlerol. liiKunt and reaultrd defeat of the French stroyed : July 10—Germans advance at many and llrltUh. They retreated nnulh of the Marne, where the aecond general e«»- polnta In Russia, taking Wlndau. Tu- Knicenient atarted September 5. The line of this date on the map ihuui the kum. Blonde and Grobec. ariulea' position** Junt before the buttle. Entente Allies. July 20 t.ernian —Russians report sinking of 50 The right wlur wan broken up and forced back, bringing about Brit- Rus- Turkish sailing « retirement of German guns vessels. German the whole line. The ponltlonn on September », In the lsh French slan reach outer forts of Warsaw mlSilesia by the Cossacks in lines between Cruisers 18 2 been fighting which would have held the Germans and their allies, slaugh- western campaign was made up of finally induced them to desist and The first Iwelvemonth of fighting Submarines 9 1 worldwide attention were it not for tered the latter. The result was the startling, swift moves. On September send re-enforcements to Russia. between the Russians on one side and Auxiliary cruisers ....19 the mighty battle lines in France and high tide of Russian invasion. The 12, after the defeat on the Marne, the The Germans in September had per- the Austrians and Germans on Gunboats. destroyers, Poland. Austrians withdrew over the Carpa- Germans took up defensive positions formed pushing a the other is a story of great changes the feat of salient and torpedo boats ...20 1 Servia’s own war was a greater trial again, leaving Przemyel ten a of fortune, both combatants being re- thians to be along the Aisne river. The and Into the French line south of Verdun, Total ves- to her than either of the Turkish losses of two preced- peatedly driven back only to show besieged a second time. The Ger- half months siuce then have seen a which terminated on the west bank of classes, ing Balkan struggles. by sels of all four. Assisted resiliency mans withdrew to Silesia and the Rus- long deadlock. the Meuse river at St. Mlhlel; while Montenegro, the greatest In/ defeat and Total tonnage en- the little Slavic nation soon sians, following closely, were able The battle line of the Aisne and the the French had taken the offensive to resume the offensive in a most tente allies 376,770 twice threw the hosts of Franz Josef for a brief moment to raid this rich Oise quickly to surprising manner. extended northeast the with some success in Champagne at Total tonnage, beyond her borders and inflicted province sea Fighting continuous, The end of the year, however, finds at Pleschen. At the same has been about the same time. Teutonic 224,746 losses of about 330,000 she allies men, but the pendulum swinging strongly time they entered East Prussia with tremendous losses. The general For the most part throughout the suffered severely herself. again. situation hus remained unchanged, against the czar. He may recover winter the fighting consisted of regu- The Austrians invaded Serbia In But again the German strategic gains a one at and take again the roads to Cracow, of few miles for side lar siege warfare, with heavy artillery great force about August 15 and pene- railways proved their undoing. Hin- point offset by minor gains for Vienna and Berlin, but just at pres- one combats and mine and counter-mine. trated to the Jadar river, where a denburg concentrated at the BIG IN FIRST ent he is on the whole in worse plight Thorn and enemy in other sectors. The flooding of the River Aisne EVENTS great five-day battle ended the drove right Rus- in than in any hour since the war into the flank of the At the beginning of August the from winter snows gave the Germans YEAR OF THE WORLD WAR rout of the Teutons. sian main forces, throwing them back kaiser possession started. took of the little a chance to entrap the French troops The Austrians returned soon in on Lodz. state of Luxemburg Russia’s losses in the flrst year of and demanded on the north side of that river in the Jtinr 2N—Archdukr and A rchdarhrnn stronger force than ever. They war are He advanced too far, however, and to Krnnrl* Austria by Serbian the not approached by those passage through Belgium the Fran- vicinity of Soissons a of Minin reached Valjevo, where on when for considerable nMNOMMInn. November of any nation In any war of history. he had the Russian forces near- co-Belgian frontier. or 17 the met a surrounded, distance and kill capture most of AnicuMl 1—Germany declnrea war oa Serbians defeat. According to reliable estimates, she ly he suddenly found Rus- Permission to pass denied. Von Itnnnla. With them (January 14). their supply of artillery am- has had between 2,600,000 and 4,000,- sians in his own rear. In this ex- Einem attacked Liege (August 4), Augual 2 —(irrman ferre* enter l.nxrm- munition exhausted, the Serbians tremity, the Russians he tele- Take Offensive In Spring. liurK- (iermany demanda pummhk** now 000 men killed, injured and captured. say, while other German armies passed through Belgium. had to retreat. The Austrians, spring, be- Despite these horrible gaps graphed for re-enforcements. around the city and swept over the With the the French and August fi—I'.nulnnd announce! atate of made in lieving them crushed, withdrew six her ranks, she But before the re-enforcements level Belgian at a terrific rate. English attempted to take the offensive war with (iermnny. still has millions in roads A ii 7—French army corps sent points. Always preparing itunt Invade aoudiern Al- for re-enforcements the field, and her great from Flanders arrived the Ger The little Belgian army yielded Brus- at several aaee. against reservoir of mans the victorious Russians in Ga- personnel signs had managed at frightful cost the way with tens or hundreds of thou- August H—British troops In does not show of ex- sels and fell hack to Antwerp and land licia. to to France and Belgium. haustion. It is men lacks, hack their way safety. This was Ghent. shands of shells, they tried Joint after August not she but 11—Germans prism l.lege forts. Shells and English tars with na/al the bloody battle of Lodz. joint of the German armor. August 13— England und France de- guns, shells and brains. First Big Engagement. guns reached the Serbians, on In the Vosges the dominating height clare war on Austrlu. and Slow to Mobilize. Wins Second Victory. Not the Germans had almost August 15—Austrians Invade Serbia In December 5 they turned on the Aus- until of Hartmannsweilerkopf was taken On August 1, 1914, Germany de- With stronger German forces oppos- force. trians and cut them to pieces. reached the French border did the and retaken several times In sanguin- August 17—Beginning of live days* bat- clared war on Russia. Almost Imme- ing them the Russians withdrew to first important engagement place tle between Serbians and Austrians The entry of Turkey into the war diately take ary charges and finally remained In the on the Judar, ending la Austrian the Germans crossed the fron- the line of Bzura, Rawa and Nida generally was marked by a brave, but foolhardy This is known as the battle hands of the French. rout. tier at Thorn and the Austrians south rivers. At the same time the Aus- August 20—Ciermnns enter Brussels, attempt to invade Egypt. of Mons-Oharlerol (about August 20- v Great Brit- of They were practically trians, attempting to The salient Mlhlel was also August 23—(Germans enter Nnmur and Lublin. un- debouch from 28). at was of St. ain's Indian and colonial troops opposed but the same time there subjected to pres- attack Mona. Austria announces vic- threw because of the slowness of the Carpathian passes, were driven tremendous French tory Japan the invaders heavy severe fighting along the whole line over Russians at Krasnlk. back with losses. mobilization in Russia. The Grand back leaving 50,000 pris- sure on both “legs.” The French declares war. everywhere, through ThiouvilU: in Lorraine and suc- British and Japanese troops invest- ceeded in gaining a little ground, but August 24 British begin retreat from Duke Nicholas Nicholaievitch was oners. ftilong the Vosges in upper Alsace, Mona. ed the fortified German port of Tsiug- to gather the Germans, August forced his main armies well With January Hindenburg made a despite the apparent 25—French evacuate Murlbnu- tau. China, and after a siege of a few which the French had invaded with weakness of the sharp wedge they had nen. to the rear of the line of great fort- third desperate attack on Warsaw. temporary success. August 27—l.omnln burned by (ier- weeks the defenders gave up the hope- resses running through Kovno, Grod- ten days, night day, driven into the French line, could not mans. struggle. For both and ths This battle resulted iu defeat for the less no. Ossowetz, be dislodged and later succeeded in re- August 2S— Bnttle off Helgoland, sev- Novo Georgievsk, War- Germans came on. Then, having lost French and English. eral German warships sunk. A section of the Boer population of saw and Ivangorod. probably men gaining some of the territory they had August 50,000 and the Russians some successes 20—Russians crushed In three South Africa revolted. The revolt While obtaining In days' Tnnnenberg. On account of his desire to do all nearly as many, they gave up. lost. buttle near put it on advancing September 3—Russians occupy l.eni- was down by a Boer, Premier to French, counter-attacks the Ger- reported he could relieve the who Unable to reach Warsaw, Hindenburg Guise, The British also “victories” berg. Botha. He then invaded German were being mans at Peronne and at the September 5Bnttle of the Marne be- driven from northern concentrated twice Siever’s force in at Neuve Chapelle and Hill No. 60, in Southwest Africa, a French were obliged to fall back rap- gins, German right wlug defeated and after long France by the amazing German rush East Prussia, and won his second idly Flanders. Whether these should he and retreat begins. campaign In the waterless deserts through to the line of the River Marne. September 7—Mnubeuge falls. Belgium, Nicholas attacked overwhelming victory there. Enor accounted successes for the allies is captured the greatly On the left the French had with- September 12—fiermuu retreat baits on outnumbered sooner than he otherwise would have mous captures of Russians were mad* doubtful. The British suffered enor- the Aisne. Germans (July 8). drawn to below Paris and the western- done. As a result, he met two disas- and the fortress of Gradno was at mous losses and at Neuve Chapelle September 20 Germans bombard After taking ttiree-quarters a year most German army, under Von Kluck, Reims and Injure the famous cathe- of ters. tacked farther west, Ossoweta bungled affairs to the extent of shell- from followed. dral. to arm herself to the teeth, Italy at- He sent General Samsonoff into to Pultusk. The Germans retreated ing their own men who had taken Ger- October ft—Antwerp occupied by the tacked spring. The garrison of Paris was put in Germans. Austria this The effect East Prussia from the south and to Mlawa and' to man cases they entry Italy then tried flank th* motor trenches. In other October 12—Roer revolt starts. of the of upon the arena Rennenkampf Przasnysz, thousands of cars and hurled on occupy General into East Prus- Russians at which citj left gallant little parties lodged in October 14—Allies Ypres. Bat- has not yet been marked. frofn Von Kluck’s flank. The latter was not tle begins on Vistula. sia the east, the latter winning they took. But the Russians again enemy's trenches without supports to October 15—Ostend by taken entirely unawares and met the occupied the the flrst large engagement of the war flanked the flanking party, as they be annihilated. Germans. had uttack strongly, hut at the same time October 10—First battle of Ypres be- In the East at Gumbinen. done at Lodz and won an importanl The next development was the un- the army of General Foch attacked the gins. At this moment the Germans, be- success (February 22-28). expected use of poisonous gas October 2*l—Ten days’ bnttle before German army on Von Kluck’s left and fumes Warsaw ends In German FIRST YEAR COST OF lieving that the French were well in April, by retirement. In March and the Russian* drove it back. the Germans in attacks Just north October 27—Russians reoccupy l.ods hand and about to be surrounded on and Radom. WAR IN MEN AND MONEY pressed through the western Carpa- of Ypres. With this novel weapon their frontier, Driven Back From Paris. October 20—Turkey begins war nn Rus- eastern quickly with- thian passes and entered Hungary. they succeeded in taking several small sia. 250,000 men The Germans had begun the battle Only approximately accurate drew from France and Just when their future seemed bright- villages and more than compensating November 3—German squadron bom- X by British const. ? tables of the killed, hurled them rail into East Prus- est. the Germans broke the Russian with five armies in line. The with- for the British gains south Ypres. bards wounded of November s—Dardanelles forts bom- sia, where they fell upon Samsonoff line in West Galicia of farthest barded. ? and missing in the first year of and let through drawal the two west now The losses of the French, Canadians with crushing force the great caused the retreat of the third, fourth November d—Tslngtnu surrenders. T the war are possible, because in Ger- enormous forces. and British were severe, but they suc- November 12—Russians at man victory of Tannenberg (Aug. 28). and order, turn defeated ? France and Russia and Austrla- Pressing westward irresistibly, they fifth in that each in ceeded in stemming the German on- l.lpno and Kutno. Meanwhile, the Austrians, November 15—Russians at T Hungary not give out leaving took the Russian Carpathian armies in finding Its flank exposed by the with- slaught effectively a defeated do their few miles hack Vlotslavek. ? figures, Germany only a few troops in Galicia to hold the rear. The retreat, drawal of the troops on its right. At position. November 17—Austrian while has latter tried to from their former victory over back the Russians advancing from but vast were the same time the movement on the Serbians at A'uljevo announced. changed her policy recently to numbers captured. December 2—Austrians X Tarnopol on the line of the Gnlla-Lipa, east end of the German liue was ac- Begin Series of Attacks. occupy Bel- ? one of secrecy. Great Britain Przemyal, which had succumbed ta grade. struck the Russians en masse at Kras- besiegers celerated by strong attack from the The German line makes a salient at December s—Serbians defeat Austrians X still tells her losses from the Russian March 22, fell a nlk and routed them to Lublin. again French fortified zone of Verdun. Soissons, though not such a pro- In three days’ bnttle. T month to month. into the hands of the Austro- December 4J Germans occupy I.oda. Most Germans. The German retreat was as orderly nounced one as at St. Mlhlel. The December 15—Austrians evacuate Bel- X The following estimates are Bloody Drive of War. grade. art aud French began a T believed to give a fairly cor- With two armies in difficulty, Great German that of the French English had now series of at- December 141—German bom- the Maneuver. cruisers grand been. The Invaders took up an ad- tacks on the upper side of this salient, bard Scarborough and Hartlepool, 15(1 X rect idea of the casualties: duke decided to abandon one From Przemysl Von Mackensen civilians killed. defensive position. ran to of Expending Teutonic Allies. to its fate and save the other. Re- drove east through mirable It the north Arras. hun- December 20-241—Severe tlgh4lng on the X Mosciska and Just north of the Aisne river, on a dreds of thousands of shells, they time line of the lisura river. X Germany 2 300,000 threw re-enforcements into Lublin Grodek and captured the bluffs, just again away Jnnunry 3, 1015—French advance across Austria-Hungary 1,900,000 and ordered the line of the Gnila- Galician capital. series of then north of and blasted the barbed Aisne north of Soissons. X Then he turned ( haloriß and through the wooded, wire entanglements and concrete January 14—French driven back across X Turkey 230,000 Lipa river be forced at any coat. In north and marched upon the Warsaw- Aisne ? regions trenches, by Crown river. one of the most bloody drives of the Ivangorod - rough of the Argonne and the held Prince Rup- Jnnunry 24—Naval battle In North -Brest Lltovsk triangle sen. 4,430,000 war east- Woevre, joining hands here with the precht of Bavaria’s men, and then German armored cruiser llluecher ? Total the Russians advanced into from the south. charged ground sunk. Entente Allies. ern Galicia and occupied Lemberg. At the same troops besieging Verdun. The allies across the desolate for January 30—Russians occupy X time the Russians in Tnhrls. France 1,700,000 The Russians then have tried thiß Hue in vain ever since. slight gains. February 41—Failure of German attacks advanced to southern Galicia, putting up a desper west of Wnranw. Russia pris- Rawa Both combatants now tried to turn The fighting centered about the su- (Including Ruska and took the Austriaa ate resistance, were driven by Von February H—Beginning of battle In oners, 1,175,000) armies in Poland in the rear, cutting Liusingen the west flank. Enormous bodies of gar refinery of Souchez and the great Fast Prussia, ending lu Russian de- 3,500,000 first to the line of the up cavalry. On part of German Labyrinth feat. Great Britain 480,000 them frightfully. Dniester and then across Gnila- the the French work called the February IS—German formal the subma- Belgium 260.000 Meanwhile Von Hlndenburg had Lipa to the line Flanders. On the part of the French Fighting went on in cellars and tun- rine “blockade” on Great Britain be- of the Zlota-Lipa. gins. Servia completed over there was largely the desire to link up nels below the earth and the casual- 240.000 his victory Samsonoff Reaching the vicinity of Krasnlk February 24—Russians driven from Japan 1,210 by turning on Rennenkampf Belgians, now being were heavy. llukovvInn. and clear- in their drive to Warsaw from with the attacked ties The French bent the 14* ing the March 10 British make Italy (no In Antwerp. The mighty siege guns German line and captured the advance at reports of East Prussia of Muscovites. But south, the Austrians sustained a se- Neuve 4'hnpelle. losses though Rennenkampf vere of the Germans made short work of rlnth, hut the gains justified March 21—Zeppelins bombard Parts. 75,000 had been de- check in the scene of their tri- whether* Portugal feated and the Belgian seaport, however, and It their sacrifice in human life is ques- March 22—Surrender of Prxemvsl to (fighting in Samsonoff almost anni- umph of the previous summer. Held R u*»sln ns. colonies) (minor) hilated, the Germans. on fell on October 9. The remnants of tionable. March 31—Russians penetrate Dukla this line the Germans attacked hot- Hungary. The Russians were now as Belgian army along July, pass and enter Montenegro 30,(?00 far west ly from the north and took the the retreated the In Crown Prince Frederick April 5 French begins town violent attacks San Marino (?) as Tarnow In Galicia, while of Przasnysz sea coast and the Germans in a final William s army attacked in the nn Mlhlel salient. X1 their (July 14). Ar- April 14—Russians at Cossacks were able to make raids into The rush reached Ostend (October 15). gonne forest, west of Verdun, and Satropko, 20 Germans now began the grand miles Inside Hungary. Total 6.286,210 Hungary farther south. Hindenburg est maneuver Line Extended to the Sea. succeeded In gaining several hundred April IS—Russians evacuate Tnrnow. ever seen in the history April bnttle of concentrated a great suddenly of yards cap 22—Second Ypres be- The flrst year of the war forco human warfare. The battle lino of the Aline was now of shattered woodland and gins. has began cost belligerent govern- in Silesia and a drive from the From extended to the sea, the Germans hold- turlng several thousand Frenchmen. April 25 Allies lenve it 111 poll penin- the the Wlndau river In the Bal- west against Warsaw and Ivan- provinces ing the important French city of Lille, were sula. «differing tearful losses. ments about $16,500,000,000 In tic all the way along the There rumors that the Oe-- April 2S— Allies announce recapture gorod. of expenditures The Siberian corps arrived border gigan while the allies kept Ypres in Belgium l.lxerne Het Sus aud direct for mili- of East Prussia and In a mans were re-enforcing for anothtr llartmanusweller In the nick of time to save Warsaw and, partly by flooding lowlands, Kopf. tary purposes. The war is now tic sweep through the vicinity of Ra the great drive toward Calais or Pari* May 15—Berlin reports capture enemy. of 30.- costing about $45,000,000 a day, from the dom. west of the Vistula, a held the position of the Yser river and but the Teutonic campaign in the 000 Russian prisoners In west Gall- and line da and selaure of High Tide of Russian Invasion. south of the canal. West continued to watt upon the three villages near $2,000,000 an hour and $30,000 Lublin-Cholm railway Ypres. a minute. Hindenburg then drew off the north- they delivered From October 16 to November 10 crushing of the much weaker enemy May O—Russians fall back from smashing blows and Dakla ern section of his army in Poland to was fought the desperate first battle In Poland. pass. have reached the very gates of Wap T Reel|ii renurfa raatnr# « the north, to u Tar. I??+****+????+??+++?+?++* thinking take the pursu- saw.