DOCSLIB.ORG

Saudi Arabia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Saudi Arabia 2013|2014 Discovering Business in association with Copyright © Allurentis Limited 2013. All rights reserved. Allurentis is delighted to have been involved in association with UK Trade & Investment and the Committee for International Trade on this, the first edition of Saudi Arabia - Discovering Business, and would like to thank all sponsoring organisations for their kind contributions. Saudi Arabia is a hugely exciting market and with our deep rooted relationship the potential for business is vast. We are confident that this publication will raise awareness with all readers and prove to be an invaluable resource. Electronic copies of this publication may be downloaded from Allurentis Limited's website at www.allurentis.com, provided that the use of any copy so downloaded, complies with the terms and conditions specified on the website. Except as expressly stated above, no part of this publication may be copied, reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission in writing from Allurentis Limited. To enquire about obtaining permission for uses other than those permitted above, please contact Allurentis by sending an email to [email protected] Photos courtesy of: www.istockphoto.com | www.shutterstock.com Contents Messages USINESS HRH Prince Mohammed bin Nawaf Al Saud: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s Ambassador to the UK 4 B Sir John Jenkins KCMG LVO: British Ambassador to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 5 Introduction Saudi Arabia - a story of continuing economic development 6 Map of cities & provinces 10 ISCOVERING Facilitating Organisations How UK Trade & Investment can help 12 The Saudi Committee for International Trade: Building bridges and expanding trade 14 D : 2013 Business - Legal - Finance Saudi Arabia: Creates major opportunities for investors - PwC 16 RABIA A Doing business in Saudi Arabia - Squire Sanders 23 UK plays major role in liberalisation of Saudi financial sector 28 AUDI Risk and reward: the Saudi Arabian challenge - Kroll Advisory Solutions 32 S Energy New energy investment focuses on value added refinery capacity 36 Renewables are essential to bridging the Saudi energy gap 40 Industry and Manufacturing Broadening industrial strategy is vital 44 Pioneering development of new economic cities continues 48 Infrastructure - Construction - Civil Engineering 150 years of engineering excellence - Hyder Consulting 52 Wide ranging opportunities from port expansion programme 57 Looking to the future in Saudi Arabia - Parsons Brinckerhoff 60 Huge investment in water infrastructure is crucial 63 Environmental Management For environmental management BeeA’h means business 66 Mining Major development of mineral wealth 70 Transport New rail lines herald Saudi transport revolution 74 Air traffic growth fuels major airport expansion programme 77 Retail Retail expansion reflects rapid economic growth 81 Healthcare Investment targets improve healthcare provision 85 Education Education spending rises to meet needs of youthful population 89 Defence & Security UK remains a strong partner in Saudi defence needs 93 Telecoms Telecoms market undergoes rapid expansion 97 Tourism Tourism strategy for both international and domestic markets 101 Trade Organisations The Arab-British Chamber of Commerce 105 British Expertise 106 The Middle East Association 107 Key Facts 108 Featured Contacts 111 3 SAUDI ARABIA: 2013 DISCOVERING BUSINESS HRH Prince Mohammed bin Nawaf Al Saud: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s Ambassador to the UK Saudi Arabia is the United Kingdom’s largest trading largest producer and exporter of oil and holds the largest partner in the Middle East and North Africa region proven oil reserves. We are continually growing and (MENA). Our long standing good friendship is developing plans to expand and diversify our economic underpinned by a thriving historic trading relationship and industrial base. It is an exciting time to be doing as well as our common interests in international business in Saudi Arabia. We are already involved in stability and security. more than 200 joint ventures with UK companies. They This new publication Discovering Business in Saudi include a growing number of 'blue chip' British Arabia highlights this trading relationship and the huge companies working in law, mining, the railway sector, opportunities for British business in the Kingdom in all water and engineering and there is room for more. sectors: from oil, gas, construction and finance to The figures speak for themselves, ours is already a education, health, and housing. proven business relationship; we want it to be even Saudi Arabia is the largest economy in the MENA better. As the Saudi Committee for International Trade region and a member of the G20, OPEC and, since (SCIT) recently told a delegation of businessmen and 2005, of the WTO. According to the World Bank we are parliamentarians visiting the Kingdom, we want to see the 13th most economically competitive country in the more British involvement in the large scale projects in world. We are an emerging regional market in the the Kingdom. midst of a massive development programme, building Alongside the SCIT the Embassy will provide you with new industrial cities as well as further developing our the bridge to doing business in the Kingdom. The current infrastructure to meet the needs of the 21st Commercial Office at the Embassy of the Kingdom of century and of our growing young population. Saudi Arabia in London welcomes enquiries from We want to see UK businesses and investment at the new and long standing business partners. Come heart of that development. Our industry is focused and do business with us and you will be welcomed around our natural resources. Saudi Arabia is the world’s as friends. 4 ESSAGES M Sir John Jenkins KCMG LVO: British Ambassador to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia I am delighted to have been invited to provide a I am pleased that many new UK companies are now foreword to the 2013 edition of Discovering Business setting up operations here in response to the in Saudi Arabia. opportunities available. Maximising local content and employment of Saudi nationals is increasingly the The UK has a strong and historic relationship with route to successful business here. Saudi Arabia. The Kingdom remains our largest trading partner in the Middle East. With a population ‘Discovering Business in Saudi Arabia 2013’ will reach of some 28 million and GDP increasing by some 6% a strong target audience of companies and individuals a year, the Saudi market is an important source of high interested in doing business in the Kingdom. This value opportunities. publication will be distributed at major conferences, trade missions and road shows relating to Saudi Arabia UK companies are already pursuing a wide range of and will also be available online. The overviews of key investment opportunities in Saudi Arabia in a range of sectors and business opportunities provide up to date sectors including education, healthcare, infrastructure information about high value projects and signpost and financial services. readers to sources of information, advice and support. Britain is the Kingdom’s second largest cumulative I also encourage companies to contact my investor, with approximately 200 joint ventures worth experienced UK Trade & Investment team in Saudi an estimated £11.5 billion. UK exports of goods to Arabia which is well equipped to advise British Saudi Arabia amounted to some £3.26 billion in 2012: companies wishing to enter and compete in the Saudi an increase of 6% on the previous year: with an market, as well as to help Saudi companies looking for estimated further £3 billion in exports of services. UK partners. There is considerable Saudi investment in the UK. Saudi exports to the UK rose by 42% to £1.75 billion I hope you will find this Guide useful. Good luck in during the same period. your endeavours here! 5 SAUDI ARABIA: 2013 DISCOVERING BUSINESS Saudi Arabia - a story of continuing economic development Fortified by record hydrocarbon revenues and massive financial plans include thousands of kilometres of new roads and railways, as reserves of more than US$500 billion, Saudi Arabia has the ability to well as airport expansion, new urban transport systems, investments in continue spending heavily on developing its economy for many years water, sewerage, electricity plants, telecoms and the IT sector and the ahead, regardless of the price of oil. construction of four million new homes. Within the next three years new phosphates, aluminium and iron Leading investment areas also include development of oil & gas smelting industries will add billions of dollars annually to the facilities, the petrochemicals sector, mining and the development of economy. Much of this new industrial and business development in the new economic cities. Kingdom is intended to be led or achieved in partnership with both The non-oil economy is of growing importance, with petrochemical domestic and foreign investors. sales at around US$12 billion a year. Saudi Basic Industries Prospects for increased trade and investment between the UK and Corporation (SABIC) has achieved production in excess of 50 million Saudi Arabia are significant and growing as a result. The Kingdom is tonnes a year of chemicals and intermediates, industrial polymers, ranked eighth among the world’s ten high growth economies by the fertilisers and metals and is a significant force in the global International Monetary Fund (IMF). petrochemicals market. Regular visits at Prime Ministerial and Ministerial level underline the SABIC, is 70% government owned and the Kingdom’s biggest and importance of the bilateral relationship, while continuing close contact most diversified manufacturing company, active in chemicals and between the British and Saudi Royal families highlights the depth of intermediates, industrial polymers, fertilisers and metals. the relationship. A joint venture of the country’s oil producer, Saudi Aramco and Dow The country’s 2013 national budget illustrates the need for Saudi Chemical, will add to petrochemical output when a US$20 billion Arabia to remain a key target for British export efforts.
Recommended publications
  • The Dilmun Bioarchaeology Project: a First Look at the Peter B. Cornwall Collection at the Phoebe A

    The Dilmun Bioarchaeology Project: a First Look at the Peter B. Cornwall Collection at the Phoebe A

    UC Berkeley Postprints Title The Dilmun Bioarchaeology Project: A First Look at the Peter B. Cornwall Collection at the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2z06r9bj Journal Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy, 23(1) ISSN 09057196 Authors Porter, Benjamin W Boutin, Alexis T Publication Date 2012 DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0471.2011.00347.x Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Arab. arch. epig. 2012: 23: 35–49 (2012) Printed in Singapore. All rights reserved The Dilmun Bioarchaeology Project: a first look at the Peter B. Cornwall Collection at the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology This article presents an overview of the Peter B. Cornwall collection in the Phoebe A. Arabia Hearst Museum of Anthropology at the University of California, Berkeley. Cornwall Benjamin W. Porter conducted an archaeological survey and excavation project in eastern Saudi Arabia 240 Barrows Hall, #1940, and Bahrain in 1940 and 1941. At least twenty-four burial features were excavated in Department of Near Eastern Bahrain from five different tumuli fields, and surface survey and artefact collection Studies, University of California, took place on at least sixteen sites in Saudi Arabia and Bahrain. The skeletal evidence, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA objects and faunal remains were subsequently accessioned by the Hearst Museum. e-mail: [email protected] The authors recently formed the Dilmun Bioarchaeology Project to investigate this collection. This article provides background information on Cornwall?s expedition Alexis T. Boutin and an overview of the collection. Additionally, skeletal evidence and associated Stevenson Hall 2054A, Depart- objects from two tumuli in Bahrain, D1 and G20, are presented to illustrate the ment of Anthropology, Sonoma collection?s potential contribution.
  • Saudi Arabia Infrastructure “Projects Galore”

    Saudi Arabia Infrastructure “Projects Galore”

    Disclaimer & Disclosure By accepting this publication you agree to be bound by the foregoing terms and conditions. You acknowledge that KFH Research Limited (“KFHR”) is part of the worldwide Kuwait Finance House Group of subsidiaries and affiliates (KFH Group), each of which is a separate legal entity. KFHR alone is responsible for this publication and for the performance of related services and/or other obligations. The recipient agrees not to make any claim or bring proceedings as regards to this publication or related services and obligations as against any other entity within the KFH Group, or any of their subcontractors, members, shareholders, directors, officers, partners, principals or employees. KFHR has prepared this publication for general information purposes only and this does not constitute a prospectus, offering document or circular or offer, invitation or solicitation to purchase, subscribe for or sell any security, financial product or other investment instrument (“Investments”), or to engage in, lead into, conclude or refrain from engaging in any transaction. In preparing this publication, KFHR did not take into account the investment objectives, financial situation and particular needs of the recipient. Before making an investment decision on the basis of this publication, the recipient needs to make its own independent decision, preferably, with the assistance of a financial and/or legal adviser, in evaluating the Investment in light of its particular investment needs, objectives and financial circumstances. Any Investments discussed may not be suitable for all investors; there are risks involved in trading in or dealing with Investments and it is highlighted that the value, yields, price or income from Investments may go up or down.
  • Assessment and an Updated List of the Mosquitoes of Saudi Arabia Azzam M

    Assessment and an Updated List of the Mosquitoes of Saudi Arabia Azzam M

    Alahmed et al. Parasites Vectors (2019) 12:356 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-019-3579-4 Parasites & Vectors RESEARCH Open Access Assessment and an updated list of the mosquitoes of Saudi Arabia Azzam M. Alahmed1, Kashif Munawar1*, Sayed M. S. Khalil1,2 and Ralph E. Harbach3 Abstract Background: Mosquito-borne pathogens are important causes of diseases in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Knowl- edge of the mosquito fauna is needed for the appropriate control of the vectors that transmit the pathogens and prevent the diseases they cause. An important frst step is to have an up-to-date list of the species known to be present in the country. Original occurrence records were obtained from published literature and critically scrutinized to compile a list of the mosquito species that occur within the borders of the Kingdom. Results: Fifty-one species have been recorded in the Kingdom; however, the occurrence of two of these species is unlikely. Thus, the mosquito fauna of the Kingdom comprises 49 species that include 18 anophelines and 31 culicines. Published records are provided for each species. Problematic records based on misidentifcations and inappropriate sources are discussed and annotated for clarity. Conclusion: Integrated morphological and molecular methods of identifcation are needed to refne the list of spe- cies and accurately document their distributions in the Kingdom. Keywords: Culicidae, Mosquitoes, Saudi Arabia, Vectors Background Mosquito-borne pathogens, including Plasmodium Te Arabian Peninsula (c.3 million km2) includes the species, dengue virus, Rift Valley fever virus and micro- Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), Oman, Qatar, United flariae, cause diseases in the KSA [9–11].
  • Saudi Arabia Land of Opportunities

    Saudi Arabia Land of Opportunities

    SAUDI ARABIA LAND OF OPPORTUNITIES INDUSTRIAL INVESTORS GUIDE My first objective is for our country to be a pioneering and successful global model of excellence, on all fronts, and I will work with you to achieve that The Custodian of The Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Contents Saudi Vision 2030 8 16 Why Saudi Arabia? 40 Industrial Clusters (IC) Saudi Vision 2030 8 Saudi Arabia Vision 2030 Our Vision for Saudi Arabia is to be the heart of the Arab and Islamic worlds, the investment powerhouse, and the hub beneath our lands. But our real wealth lies in the ambition of our people and the connecting three continents potential of our younger generation. They are our nation’s pride and the architects It is my pleasure to present Saudi Arabia’s of our future. We will never forget how, Vision for the future. It is an ambitious yet under tougher circumstances than today, achievable blueprint, which expresses our nation was forged by collective our long-term goals and expectations determination when the late King Abdulaziz and reflects our country’s strengths and Al-Saud – may Allah bless his soul – united capabilities. All success stories start with the Kingdom. Our people will amaze the a vision, and successful visions are based world again. on strong pillars. The first pillar of our vision is our status as the heart of the Arab and We are confident about the Kingdom’s Islamic worlds. We recognize that Allah the future. With all the blessings Allah has Almighty has bestowed on our lands a gift bestowed on our nation, we cannot help but more precious than oil.
  • Fish Consumption Behavior and Fish Farming Attitude in Kingdom Of

    Fish Consumption Behavior and Fish Farming Attitude in Kingdom Of

    Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences (2016) xxx, xxx–xxx King Saud University Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences www.ksu.edu.sa www.sciencedirect.com FULL LENGTH ARTICLE Fish consumption behavior and fish farming attitude in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) Abdul Qader Khan *, Fahad Aldosari, Sayed Musawir Hussain Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Sociology, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Received 24 January 2016; revised 5 April 2016; accepted 11 April 2016 KEYWORDS Abstract This study aimed to explore fish consumption behavior and fish farming attitude of the Fish consumption; Saudi households in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The survey was conducted in Sharurah Fish farming; town situated in Najran province. The data were collected through a well-structured questionnaire Attitude; from 100 respondents residing in the province. Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used to see the Intentions; significant and non-significant impact of the two variables. The results showed that majority (37%) Saudi Arabia; of the respondents fell in the age group of 25–34 and majority (35%) of the respondents have high Aquaponics level of education i.e. up to university level. The results also depicted that majority (31%) of the people consume fish and were aware of the nutritional value of fish. However, majority (85%) of the respondents were not satisfied by the fish price. The results further indicated that none of the respondent was engaged in fish farming activity i.e. they had no fish farms at their homes. Further- more, majority (83%) respondents had no intentions to start fish farming at their homes in future.
  • Saudi Arabia: Transport & Logistics July 2016 Saudi Arabia: Transport & Logistics

    Saudi Arabia: Transport & Logistics July 2016 Saudi Arabia: Transport & Logistics

    Saudi Arabia: Transport & Logistics July 2016 Saudi Arabia: Transport & Logistics TABLE OF CONTENTS Map of Saudi Arabia ............................................................................................ 4 Executive Summary ............................................................................................. 5 Industry Structure ................................................................................................. 6 Market Overview ................................................................................................... 7 Rail Transport & Logistics ....................................................................................................................................................... 7 Figure: Planned Railway Network .......................................................................................................................................... 8 Public Transport ........................................................................................................................................................................ 9 Maritime Transport & Logistics .......................................................................................................................................... 10 Road Transport & Logistics ................................................................................................................................................... 11 Figure: Road Network by Region .........................................................................................................................................
  • Sadara Basic Services Company Sukuk Prospectus-English Part 1.Pdf

    Sadara Basic Services Company Sukuk Prospectus-English Part 1.Pdf

    SBSC PROSPECTUS PART 1 OF 2: THIS MUST BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH SBSC PROSPECTUS PART 2 (AVAILABLE ON THE WEBSITE OF THE CAPITAL MARKET AUTHORITY WWW.CMA.ORG.SA) Part 1 of 2 PROSPECTUS SADARA BASIC SERVICES COMPANY (a joint stock company incorporated under the laws of The Kingdom pursuant to Ministerial Resolution 29/Q dated 11 Safar 1434H, corresponding to 24 December 2012G) Commercial register number 2055018374 dated 3 Rabi' al-Awwal 1434H, corresponding to 15 January 2013G is Offering SAR 50,000 DENOMINATED CERTIFICATES DUE ON THE SCHEDULED TERMINATION DATE The SAR 50,000 denominated certificates, due on the Scheduled Termination Date (theCertificates ), are being issued at par, without discount or premium. The Certificates will be the subject of a declaration of agency (the Declaration of Agency) dated on or before the Closing Date between, among others, Sadara Basic Services Company (the Issuer), Sadara Chemical Company (Sadara), HSBC Saudi Arabia Limited (the Certificateholders' Agent) and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas (the Intercreditor Agent). Pursuant to the Declaration of Agency, the Issuer covenants, inter alia, to hold the Sukuk Assets as agent for the benefit of the holders of the Certificates (theCertificateholders ), pro rata according to the face amount of Certificates held by each Certificateholder, in accordance with the Declaration of Agency and the terms and conditions of the Certificates starting on page 63 of this Prospectus (theConditions ). The Certificateholders' Agent will hold the benefit of the covenants and undertakings given by the Issuer and Sadara under the Declaration of Agency as agent on behalf of the Certificateholders.
  • Saudi Arabia 2019

    Saudi Arabia 2019

    Saudi Arabia 2019 Saudi Arabia 2019 1 Table of Contents Doing Business in Saudi Arabia ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Market Overview ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 Market Challenges ..................................................................................................................................................... 6 Market Opportunities ................................................................................................................................................ 8 Market Entry Strategy ............................................................................................................................................... 9 Political Environment................................................................................................................................................... 10 Selling US Products & Services .................................................................................................................................... 11 Agents and Distributors ........................................................................................................................................... 11 Establishing an Office .............................................................................................................................................
  • Saudi-Yemen Airspace Update Written by David Mumford | 17 March, 2021

    Saudi-Yemen Airspace Update Written by David Mumford | 17 March, 2021

    Saudi-Yemen Airspace Update written by David Mumford | 17 March, 2021 Houthi drone and missile attacks on targets in Saudi Arabia are increasing. These continue to be a persistent threat to ops to Saudi airports, and for overflights of the OEJD/Jeddah FIR. The most significant risk is in the south of the country along the border with Yemen, but OERK/Riyadh and OEJN/Jeddah airports have also been targeted several times over the past year. OEJN/Jeddah Airport closed temporarily on March 7 following multiple attempted drone attacks. Saudi media reported dozens of drones were intercepted in their airspace, and the US Embassy also issued a statement. OERK/Riyadh Airport was targeted in June 2020 and again in October. Much of the information comes from state media and cannot always be independently verified. Back in 2017, a New York Times investigation suggested that at least one of the most high-profile attacks from that year may not have been “shot-down” or intercepted by Saudi defense systems at all. Saudi Arabia Airspace Risk Long-standing airspace warnings are in place for Saudi Arabia, although the US has not issued any so far. Germany and Canada warn of a risk to landing anywhere in the country, but particularly along the border with Yemen in the southwest part of the OEJD/Jeddah FIR. France has issued similar advice, with the specific warning not to operate to OEAB/Abha, OEGN/Jazan, OENG/Nejran, OESH/Sharurah, OEWD/Wadi Al Dawasir and OEBH/Bisha airports. For more info, check SafeAirspace.net Watch out for ESCAT You might know this as SCATANA.
  • Wear a Face Mask

    Wear a Face Mask

    October 28, 2020 Vol. LXXV, No. 42 a weekly Saudi Aramco publication for employees CTO leads practical low Historic Saudi W Summit Keep COVID- numbers Aramco wins first place for in this carbon energy thinking down KAPSARC issue Ahmad O. Al Khowaiter joined The Women 20 (W20) Summit, As numbers rise in certain Aramco was the first place winner international experts at last week’s hosted for the first time in Saudi countries, we must take heed and of the Decorative Concrete category “Middle East and Africa Energy Arabia and sponsored by Aramco, continue taking precautions to awarded by the American Concrete Week” conference to drive for- brought women’s empowerment keep Covid-19 numbers down. Institute for excellence in the con- ward the energy industry’s low and diversity and inclusion to struction of the King Abdullah Petro- carbon agenda. center stage. leum Studies and Research Center. see pages 6 and 7 see page 2 see page 8 see page 9 Climate change and the rising demand for clean energy were lead topics discussed by president and CEO Amin Nasser at this week’s B Summit, hosted by Saudi Arabia. see page 3 AI: The new normal Company at the forefront of Artificial Intelligence revolution see page 5 By wearing a face mask in 2020 we hope to make 2021 face mask free. wear a face mask October 28, 2020 the arabian sun 2 company news Historic Saudi W Summit seeks to inspire, empower women The Women 20 (W20) meeting was hosted virtually in Riyadh as an integral part of the Kingdom’s Group of 20 (G20) presidency by Eamonn Houston Described as an “engagement group,” the W20 was set up in 2015 and functions Participants at the W20 Riyadh — The Women 20 (W20) Summit, independently.
  • Mesoscale Numerical Study of Quasi-Stationary Convective System Over Jeddah in November 2009

    Mesoscale Numerical Study of Quasi-Stationary Convective System Over Jeddah in November 2009

    Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, 2013, 3, 73-86 http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/acs.2013.31010 Published Online January 2013 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/acs) Mesoscale Numerical Study of Quasi-Stationary Convective System over Jeddah in November 2009 Mohammed Haggag1,2*, Hesham El-Badry2,3 1Hydraulics and Irrigation Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt 2Resources and Environment Department, Dar Al-Handasah (Shair and Partners), Cairo, Egypt 3Irrigation and Hydraulics Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt Email: *[email protected] Received July 18, 2012; revised August 20, 2012; accepted August 28, 2012 ABSTRACT 25 November 2009 is an unforgettable day for the people in Jeddah, the second largest city in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). On that day, Jeddah turned into a disaster zone following a short heavy rainfall event that triggered flash floods leaving 122 fatalities and considerable losses. Numerical experiments using the Pennsylvania State University- National Center for Atmospheric research mesoscale meteorological model (MM5) have been performed to investigate the event. It was caused by a short quasi-stationary mesoscale convective system that developed over Jeddah and lasted for about 8 hours. Rainfall totals computed by the model exceeded 400 mm in some localities in the southern part of Jeddah city and to the north of Jeddah in Thuwal city. The limited available observed rainfall totals, at King Abdul Aziz International Airport and wadiQaws rain gauges, and Jeddah’s weather radar observations corroborates the ability of the model to reproduce the spatial and temporal characteristics of the rainfall event. A synoptic environment characterized by warm Red Sea surface temperatures and high humidity in the low levels of the troposphere.
  • Saudi Military Forces and Development: Challenges & Reforms

    Saudi Military Forces and Development: Challenges & Reforms

    CSIS_______________________________ Center for Strategic and International Studies 1800 K Street N.W. Washington, DC 20006 (202) 775-3270 Access: Web: CSIS.ORG Contact the Author: [email protected] & [email protected] Saudi Military Forces and Development: Challenges & Reforms Anthony H. Cordesman and Nawaf Obaid Center for Strategic and International Studies Working Draft: May 30, 2004 Please note that this document is a working draft and will be revised regularly as part of the CSIS Saudi Arabia Enters the 21st Century Project. It is also being used by the authors to develop an analysis for the Geneva Center on Security Policy. To comment, or to Cordesman: The Security Apparatus in Saudi Arabia 6/1/04 Page ii provide suggestions and corrections to the authors, please e-mail them at [email protected], [email protected] and [email protected]. Cordesman: The Security Apparatus in Saudi Arabia 6/1/04 Page iii I. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................................... 1 II. THE SAUDI SECURITY APPARATUS AND SAUDI MILITARY FORCES.................................................... 2 THE LEADERSHIP OF THE SAUDI SECURITY APPARATUS ............................................................................ 3 THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSENSUS AND CONSULTATION ............................................................................ 4 THE LEADERSHIP OF THE SAUDI MILITARY FORCES..................................................................................