DOCSLIB.ORG

Sharp-Tail Mola ( Masturus Lanceolatus, Molidae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sharp-Tail Mola ( Masturus Lanceolatus, Molidae) Marine Biodiversity Records, page 1 of 7. # Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 2010 doi:10.1017/S1755267210000771; Vol. 3; e104; 2010 Published online First records of golden trevally (Gnathodon speciosus, Carangidae), sharp-tail mola (Masturus lanceolatus, Molidae) and evidence for white shark (Carcharodon carcharias, Lamnidae) in the Gala´pagos Islands, Ecuador v.l.g. todd1,2 and j.s. grove3,4 1Ocean Science Consulting Ltd, Ocean House, 4 Brewery Lane, Belhaven, Dunbar, East Lothian, EH42 1PD, Scotland, UK, 2Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, S017 1BJ, UK, 3Section of Fishes, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA, 4Zegrahm Expeditions, 192 Nickerson St #200 Seattle, WA 98109, USA In 1995, a complete survey of the fish collection in the Charles Darwin Research Station (CDRS) Museum (Gala´pagos Islands, Ecuador) was undertaken. Five specimens represented possible new records to the archipelago, but insufficient material was available at CDRS to confirm identification. On 5 November 2007, the specimens were removed from the CDRS fish collection under licence from the Parque Nacional Gala´pagos (PNG) on loan to the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History (LACM). Identification of all species was confirmed using comparative LACM voucher specimens, including X-rays, scientific keys and other resources, which were, at the time, unavailable to scientists at the CDRS. Four of the five specimens were incor- rectly identified in 1995, the fifth, the golden trevally, Gnathodon speciosus, is the first confirmed record of this species for the Gala´pagos. One of the originally mis-identified specimens, the longnose anchovy (Anchoa nasus), proved to be A. ischana (sharpnose anchovy), and A. nasus can now be eliminated as a verified record from the islands. The first confirmed record of the sharp-tail mola, Masturus lanceolatus, for the archipelago is also presented based on photographic and video evidence. The first physical evidence of the white shark, Carcharodon carcharias, in the Gala´pagos Archipelago based on discovery of a tooth and C14 analysis, is presented. Keywords: golden trevally, sharp-tail mola, white shark, Gala´pagos Islands, Ecuador Submitted 19 April 2010; accepted 14 June 2010 INTRODUCTION the shallower ichthyofauna in the Gala´pagos Islands comprises a mosaic of elements from the Panamic, Chilean, western The World Heritage listed the Gala´pagos Islands as an isolated Pacific and Atlantic faunas (McCosker & Rosenblatt, 1984; archipelago within one of the four provinces distributed in the Robertson & Cramer, 2009). McCosker (1998) updated the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) biogeographic region described list of 444 species described by Grove & Lavenberg (1997), by Hastings (2000). In the Gala´pagos Islands, the indigenous to include 526 species, 73 of which are endemic and 13 exclu- shallower ichthyofauna was isolated from mainland tropical sively found at the Gala´pagos, Cocos and/or Malpelo Islands. fauna by the thermal gradients to the north and south, the This paper confirmed two new fish records for the wide expanse East Pacific Barrier (EPB) to the west and by Gala´pagos Archipelago. In addition, physical evidence of a the central American landmass to the east. Thus, the new shark record to the islands was also detailed. Gala´pagos Archipelago is a conservation hotspot of fish biodi- versity and one of the world’s top-ranked areas based on the percentage of endemism (Allen, 2008). The ichthyofauna MATERIALS AND METHODS was found to be more diverse in the Gala´pagos Islands than in other ETP islands such as Cocos and Isla Malpelo The existing fish collections made from 1962 to 1995 and held (Grove & Lavenberg, 1997). In fact, if endemics are excluded, at the Charles Darwin Research Station (CDRS) Museum were examined by V.L.G.T. in 1995. The available material com- Corresponding authors: prised 55 families, 150 species and 296 specimens. The taxon- V.L.G. Todd and J.S. Grove omy was standardized by reference to Eschmeyer (1998) and Emails: [email protected]; [email protected] Nelson (1994). Results were compared with the available 1 2 v.l.g. todd and j.s. grove alongside a LACM 32911-1 voucher specimen of (about 3/4 to 2/3A eye diameter) narrow broadening silver atshort, stripe tail. along its flank, origincover; deeper below above posterior gill anal thirdreaching fin cover of onto dorsal canals fin3/4 sub-operculum, of eye base. but diameter; panamensis-type. maxillarather not moderate, Anal elongate, tip to narrowly semi-cylindrical; fin normal pointed, edge snout of (not moderate,(LACM gill about elongate) 32911-1) has indorsal 24 and the anal anal rays. spines CDRSmetrics absent; The anal pseudobranch specimen; and rays: is 22; LACM collection body dataanchovy). for The theanchovy), CDRS CDRS specimen isAnchoa was specimen: nasus compared actually The with CDRS a V-6 specimen (Table 1) identified in 1995 as presented. record wasthe confirmed, examination and carriedmentioned evidence out CDRS for inin specimens another 1995. 2008 were One was wasDetailed misidentified information further reported regarding during the fish specimens in re-identified Table 1.RESULTS Four of the above- waters off Espan photographed and filmed in 2008 inby Gardner J.S.G. Bay to in theGuayaquil, CDRS the collection. Ecuador. Thecolour specimens notes were ofNTB then the GmbH, returned Germany), Institutovoucher scientific Nacional material, keys de a andcarried Pesca digital unpublished out (INP), linearMuseum X-ray in of scanner the Natural (EZ320 Nacional History LACM Gala (LACM). by Identificationtransported was means byThus, of J.S.G. they comparative under werethought removed licence to from from the be1993; CDRS Allen new the & Museum recordsliterature Robertson, and Parque (e.g. 1994) Grove for and the five specimens Gala were shark specimens. In addition,and identified the by tooth direct wasments. comparison The with C tooth catalogued was brought white ment to of the seashells, LACM, sea photographed urchin spines and bleached coral frag- and returned to the PNG. Livermore National Laboratory,the Center University for of Accelerator Mass California Spectrometry at Lawrence (0 toral zone at Urvina Bay, on the west sideand of video Isabela footage. Island identification of this specimenvessel was MV based on ‘Nationalat photographs Geographic about Polaris’. 18 m Thus, depth species during a tour carried out by the 8 An X-ray of this specimen is presented in Figure 1 In addition, an unusual ocean sunfish specimen was Finally, a shark tooth was found in 1996 in the supralit- 17 ′ 50.51 A. ischana Anchoa ischana ′′ S91 ´ (Kner & Steindachner, 1867) (the longnose pagos (PNG) to the Los Angeles County ˜ ola Island (1 8 21 voucher specimen. Meristics, morpho- Family Order ′ 29.86 et al. (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) , 1984; Goodson, 1988; Humann, ′′ CLUPEIFORMES ENGRAULIDAE Anchoa ischana W), lying amongst an assort- 8 20 ′ 51.94 ′′ S89 ´ pagos Islands. Anchoa nasus 8 39 14 (sharpnose ′ 17.85 A. nasus dated at ′′ W) . Table 1. List of fish specimens identified in 1995 and 2008 with indication of CDRS and LACM code no., date, location and coordinates of finding. Family Genus and species N LT CDRS LACM Location Latitude/ Date Collector FB References (cm) No. No. longitude collected 1995 ID 2008 re-ID ′ ′′ ENGRAULIDAE Anchoa nasus Anchoa ischana 1 11.8 V-6 32911-1 Santa Cruz/ 0844 30 S 07/10/1972 Unknown 0.80–1.00 (Whitehead et al., 1988; Allen & Academy Bay 90818′15′′W Robertson, 1994, p. 62; Grove & Lavenberg, 1997, p. 183) ′ ′′ CARANGIDAE Gnathodon Gnathodon 1 19.7 V-777 – Santa Cruz/ 0845 30 S 03/06/1983 Pelo Fino 0.80–1.00 (Allen & Robertson, 1994, p. 127; speciosus speciosus Punta 90818′10′′W Grove & Lavenberg, 1997, p. 360; Estrada Robertson et al., 2004, table 6) SERRANIDAE Diplectrum Paralabrax 1 24.5 V-1205 – Unknown/ Unknown 12/03/1983 J. Pesantes E (Bortone, 1977; Allen & Robertson, maximum albomaculatus Mangroves 1994, p. 108; Grove & Lavenberg, 1997, p. 326–328; Danulat & Edgar, 2002) SYNODONTIDAE Synodus Synodus 1 15.5 V-22 – Unknown Unknown 26/06/1973 Unknown 0.80–1.00 (Allen & Robertson, 1994, p. 72; evermanni scituliceps Grove & Lavenberg, 1997, p. 202) ′ ′′ ACHIRIDAE Achirus Trinectes 1 7.6 V-42 6777-6 Santa Cruz/ 0844 30 S Unknown G. Houvenaghel 0.80–1.00 (Allen & Robertson, 1994, p. 292; mazatlanus fonsecensis Academy Bay 90818′15′′W Grove & Lavenberg, 1997, p. 623) N, number of specimens; LT, length of specimen; FB, FishBase: likelihood of occurrence in Gala´pagos; E, endemic. new fish records gala’ pagos islands, ecuador 3 anal soft rays: 7. (LACM voucher specimen of D. maximum dorsal fin continuous; dorsal spines: X, dorsal soft rays 12). The CDRS specimen was further verified by the finely serrated pre-opercular margin and the third elongated spine on the dorsal fin. Colour: faded in alcohol, light brown on upper two-thirds, white below; seven large white spots on upper half of side, and smaller, irregular dark brown spots in sur- rounding areas, faint pale white line from upper corner of operculum to middle of base of tail fin; caudal fin white basally with dark brown bar across middle portion and broad yellowish rear margin. Order AULOPIFORMES Family SYNODONTIDAE Synodus scituliceps Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 The CDRS V-22 specimen (Table 1) identified in 1995 as Synodus evermanni Jordan & Bollman, 1890 (spotted lizardfish), is actually Synodus scituliceps (lance lizardfish). Meristics, morphometrics and collection data for the CDRS specimen: dorsal soft rays: 11; anal soft rays: 13; lateral-line scales: 61. Protrusion at tip of lower jaw (as in S. evermanni). The CDRS specimen was also compared with a LACM S. ever- manni voucher specimen. There are no blotches on the sides of the body and the lateral scale count is 57.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Practical Handbook for Determining the Ages of Gulf of Mexico And
    A Practical Handbook for Determining the Ages of Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Coast Fishes THIRD EDITION GSMFC No. 300 NOVEMBER 2020 i Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission Commissioners and Proxies ALABAMA Senator R.L. “Bret” Allain, II Chris Blankenship, Commissioner State Senator District 21 Alabama Department of Conservation Franklin, Louisiana and Natural Resources John Roussel Montgomery, Alabama Zachary, Louisiana Representative Chris Pringle Mobile, Alabama MISSISSIPPI Chris Nelson Joe Spraggins, Executive Director Bon Secour Fisheries, Inc. Mississippi Department of Marine Bon Secour, Alabama Resources Biloxi, Mississippi FLORIDA Read Hendon Eric Sutton, Executive Director USM/Gulf Coast Research Laboratory Florida Fish and Wildlife Ocean Springs, Mississippi Conservation Commission Tallahassee, Florida TEXAS Representative Jay Trumbull Carter Smith, Executive Director Tallahassee, Florida Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Austin, Texas LOUISIANA Doug Boyd Jack Montoucet, Secretary Boerne, Texas Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Baton Rouge, Louisiana GSMFC Staff ASMFC Staff Mr. David M. Donaldson Mr. Bob Beal Executive Director Executive Director Mr. Steven J. VanderKooy Mr. Jeffrey Kipp IJF Program Coordinator Stock Assessment Scientist Ms. Debora McIntyre Dr. Kristen Anstead IJF Staff Assistant Fisheries Scientist ii A Practical Handbook for Determining the Ages of Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Coast Fishes Third Edition Edited by Steve VanderKooy Jessica Carroll Scott Elzey Jessica Gilmore Jeffrey Kipp Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission 2404 Government St Ocean Springs, MS 39564 and Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission 1050 N. Highland Street Suite 200 A-N Arlington, VA 22201 Publication Number 300 November 2020 A publication of the Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award Number NA15NMF4070076 and NA15NMF4720399.
    [Show full text]
  • Mediterranean Fishes 2000 a Modern Taxonomic Checklist
    This document replaces and supercedes all previous Mediterranean taxonomic checklists issued in the MediterraneanMediterranean Calypso series. FishesFishes This document is also available on disk in several formats 20002000 Calypso have been aided in this project by A Modern Taxonomic many eminent researchers whose Checklist contributions are recognised in the Preface A Listing of all species recorded on the Calypso Ichthyological Database for the Mediterranean Area (010) including all Lessepsian migrants. ISBN: 0 906301 82 3 Mediterranean Fishes 2000 A Modern Taxonomic Checklist This document replaces and supercedes all previous Mediterranean taxonomic checklists issued in the Calypso series. ISBN: 0 906301 82 3 . Year 2000 A Listing of all species recorded on the Calypso Ichthyological Database for the Mediterranean Area (010) including all Lessepsian migrants. Calypso have been aided in this project by many eminent researchers whose contributions are recognised in the Preface Copyright.Calypso Publications.London British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library This title is also available on Interactive disk or by Internet Subscription Contact the publishers by Email: [email protected] INDEX Please note: This Index has been designed for use with the Adobe PDF file of which it is a component. Page numbers on the viewed enlarged pages may differ or not be shown, as these have been transferred from the printed texts 2. Bibliographic data 3. Preface 4. Bibliography of Lessepsian Migrants 8. A Word Regarding the Calypso Taxonomic System 11. Database Area Codings 13. The Calypso Database Numbering System 15. Mediterranean Recorded Species 151 Some additions to the record 152 Professor Golani’s data on Lessepsian migrants 154 – 306 Mediterranean Fishes.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 a Petition to List the Oceanic Whitetip Shark
    A Petition to List the Oceanic Whitetip Shark (Carcharhinus longimanus) as an Endangered, or Alternatively as a Threatened, Species Pursuant to the Endangered Species Act and for the Concurrent Designation of Critical Habitat Oceanic whitetip shark (used with permission from Andy Murch/Elasmodiver.com). Submitted to the U.S. Secretary of Commerce acting through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Marine Fisheries Service September 21, 2015 By: Defenders of Wildlife1 535 16th Street, Suite 310 Denver, CO 80202 Phone: (720) 943-0471 (720) 942-0457 [email protected] [email protected] 1 Defenders of Wildlife would like to thank Courtney McVean, a law student at the University of Denver, Sturm college of Law, for her substantial research and work preparing this Petition. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 4 II. GOVERNING PROVISIONS OF THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT ............................................. 5 A. Species and Distinct Population Segments ....................................................................... 5 B. Significant Portion of the Species’ Range ......................................................................... 6 C. Listing Factors ....................................................................................................................... 7 D. 90-Day and 12-Month Findings ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Updated Checklist of Marine Fishes (Chordata: Craniata) from Portugal and the Proposed Extension of the Portuguese Continental Shelf
    European Journal of Taxonomy 73: 1-73 ISSN 2118-9773 http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2014.73 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2014 · Carneiro M. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Monograph urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9A5F217D-8E7B-448A-9CAB-2CCC9CC6F857 Updated checklist of marine fishes (Chordata: Craniata) from Portugal and the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf Miguel CARNEIRO1,5, Rogélia MARTINS2,6, Monica LANDI*,3,7 & Filipe O. COSTA4,8 1,2 DIV-RP (Modelling and Management Fishery Resources Division), Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Av. Brasilia 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 3,4 CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] * corresponding author: [email protected] 5 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:90A98A50-327E-4648-9DCE-75709C7A2472 6 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:1EB6DE00-9E91-407C-B7C4-34F31F29FD88 7 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:6D3AC760-77F2-4CFA-B5C7-665CB07F4CEB 8 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:48E53CF3-71C8-403C-BECD-10B20B3C15B4 Abstract. The study of the Portuguese marine ichthyofauna has a long historical tradition, rooted back in the 18th Century. Here we present an annotated checklist of the marine fishes from Portuguese waters, including the area encompassed by the proposed extension of the Portuguese continental shelf and the Economic Exclusive Zone (EEZ). The list is based on historical literature records and taxon occurrence data obtained from natural history collections, together with new revisions and occurrences.
    [Show full text]
  • A Hitchhiker Guide to Manta Rays: Patterns of Association Between Mobula Alfredi, M
    Turner, K. M. E. (2021). A hitchhiker guide to manta rays: patterns of association between Mobula alfredi, M. birostris, their symbionts, and other fishes in the Maldives. PLoS ONE, 16(7), [e0253704]. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253704 Peer reviewed version License (if available): CC BY Link to published version (if available): 10.1371/journal.pone.0253704 Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This is the accepted author manuscript (AAM). The final published version (version of record) is available online via Public Library of Science at 10.1371/journal.pone.0253704. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/red/research-policy/pure/user-guides/ebr-terms/ A hitchhiker guide to manta rays: patterns of association between Mobula alfredi, M. birostris, their symbionts, and other fishes in the Maldives Aimee E. Nicholson-Jack 1,2¶*, Joanna L. Harris 1,3¶, Kirsty Ballard1&, Katy M. E. Turner2& and Guy M. W. Stevens 1¶ 1 The Manta Trust, Catemwood House, Norwood Lane, Corscombe, Dorset, UK 2 School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, UK 3 School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, UK *Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected] (AENJ) ¶These authors contributed equally to this work. &These authors also contributed equally to this work.
    [Show full text]
  • Annotated Checklist of the Fish Species (Pisces) of La Réunion, Including a Red List of Threatened and Declining Species
    Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie 2: 1–168; Stuttgart, 30.IV.2009. 1 Annotated checklist of the fish species (Pisces) of La Réunion, including a Red List of threatened and declining species RONALD FR ICKE , THIE rr Y MULOCHAU , PA tr ICK DU R VILLE , PASCALE CHABANE T , Emm ANUEL TESSIE R & YVES LE T OU R NEU R Abstract An annotated checklist of the fish species of La Réunion (southwestern Indian Ocean) comprises a total of 984 species in 164 families (including 16 species which are not native). 65 species (plus 16 introduced) occur in fresh- water, with the Gobiidae as the largest freshwater fish family. 165 species (plus 16 introduced) live in transitional waters. In marine habitats, 965 species (plus two introduced) are found, with the Labridae, Serranidae and Gobiidae being the largest families; 56.7 % of these species live in shallow coral reefs, 33.7 % inside the fringing reef, 28.0 % in shallow rocky reefs, 16.8 % on sand bottoms, 14.0 % in deep reefs, 11.9 % on the reef flat, and 11.1 % in estuaries. 63 species are first records for Réunion. Zoogeographically, 65 % of the fish fauna have a widespread Indo-Pacific distribution, while only 2.6 % are Mascarene endemics, and 0.7 % Réunion endemics. The classification of the following species is changed in the present paper: Anguilla labiata (Peters, 1852) [pre- viously A. bengalensis labiata]; Microphis millepunctatus (Kaup, 1856) [previously M. brachyurus millepunctatus]; Epinephelus oceanicus (Lacepède, 1802) [previously E. fasciatus (non Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775)]; Ostorhinchus fasciatus (White, 1790) [previously Apogon fasciatus]; Mulloidichthys auriflamma (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) [previously Mulloidichthys vanicolensis (non Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1831)]; Stegastes luteobrun- neus (Smith, 1960) [previously S.
    [Show full text]
  • Prioritized Species for Mariculture in India
    Prioritized Species for Mariculture in India Compiled & Edited by Ritesh Ranjan Muktha M Shubhadeep Ghosh A Gopalakrishnan G Gopakumar Imelda Joseph ICAR - Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam North P.O. Kochi – 682 018, Kerala, India www.cmfri.org.in 2017 Prioritized Species for Mariculture in India Published by: Dr. A Gopalakrishnan Director ICAR - Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Post Box No. 1603, Ernakulam North P.O. Kochi – 682 018, Kerala, India www.cmfri.org.in Email: [email protected] Tel. No.: +91-0484-2394867 Fax No.: +91-0484-2394909 Designed at G.K. Print House Pvt. Ltd. Rednam Gardens Visakhapatnam- 530002, Andhra Pradesh Cell: +91 9848196095, www.gkprinthouse.com Cover page design: Abhilash P. R., CMFRI, Kochi Illustrations: David K. M., CMFRI, Kochi Publication, Production & Co-ordination: Library & Documentation Centre, CMFRI Printed on: November 2017 ISBN 978-93-82263-14-2 © 2017 ICAR - Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi All rights reserved. Material contained in this publication may not be reproduced in any form without the permission of the publisher. Citation : Ranjan, R., Muktha, M., Ghosh, S., Gopalakrishnan, A., Gopakumar, G. and Joseph, I. (Eds.). 2017. Prioritized Species for Mariculture in India. ICAR-CMFRI, Kochi. 450 pp. CONTENTS Foreword ................................................................................................................. i Preface .................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Inventory and Atlas of Corals and Coral Reefs, with Emphasis on Deep-Water Coral Reefs from the U
    Inventory and Atlas of Corals and Coral Reefs, with Emphasis on Deep-Water Coral Reefs from the U. S. Caribbean EEZ Jorge R. García Sais SEDAR26-RD-02 FINAL REPORT Inventory and Atlas of Corals and Coral Reefs, with Emphasis on Deep-Water Coral Reefs from the U. S. Caribbean EEZ Submitted to the: Caribbean Fishery Management Council San Juan, Puerto Rico By: Dr. Jorge R. García Sais dba Reef Surveys P. O. Box 3015;Lajas, P. R. 00667 [email protected] December, 2005 i Table of Contents Page I. Executive Summary 1 II. Introduction 4 III. Study Objectives 7 IV. Methods 8 A. Recuperation of Historical Data 8 B. Atlas map of deep reefs of PR and the USVI 11 C. Field Study at Isla Desecheo, PR 12 1. Sessile-Benthic Communities 12 2. Fishes and Motile Megabenthic Invertebrates 13 3. Statistical Analyses 15 V. Results and Discussion 15 A. Literature Review 15 1. Historical Overview 15 2. Recent Investigations 22 B. Geographical Distribution and Physical Characteristics 36 of Deep Reef Systems of Puerto Rico and the U. S. Virgin Islands C. Taxonomic Characterization of Sessile-Benthic 49 Communities Associated With Deep Sea Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U. S. Virgin Islands 1. Benthic Algae 49 2. Sponges (Phylum Porifera) 53 3. Corals (Phylum Cnidaria: Scleractinia 57 and Antipatharia) 4. Gorgonians (Sub-Class Octocorallia 65 D. Taxonomic Characterization of Sessile-Benthic Communities 68 Associated with Deep Sea Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U. S. Virgin Islands 1. Echinoderms 68 2. Decapod Crustaceans 72 3. Mollusks 78 E.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine and Terrestrial Food Chain Links
    福井市自然史博物館研究報告 第66号：57－62（2019） Bulletin of the Fukui City Museum of Natural History， No.66， 57－62（2019） Marine and terrestrial food chain links: the case of large-billed crows Corvus macrorhynchos eating stranded sharptail sunfishMasturus lanceolatus in Fukui Prefecture, Japan Etsuro SAWAI* and Mariko YOSHIDA** (Abstract) On 1–14 January 2019, the stranding of some individuals of Masturus lanceolatus was observed on the coast around Matsushima, Tsuruga, Fukui Prefecture, Japan, and it was also observed that dead fishes were eaten by some individuals of Corvus macrorhynchos. This is the first report of a pelagic fish, M. lanceolatus used directly as food by a land bird, C. macrorhynchos. This observation is an example of a rare food chain connecting directly a marine fish to a land bird, contributing to the study of marine and terrestrial food chain interactions. Key words : Corvus macrorhynchos, Fukui Prefecture, food habits, Masturus lanceolatus, stranding Pelagic animals and terrestrial animals live in carcasses by C. macrorhynchos are recorded for very different environments. Therefore, it seems the first time. Since the relationship between M. that there is almost no connection between the lanceolatus and C. macrorhynchos observed in two. However, aquatic animals and land animals Yoshida & Sawai (2019) was considered to be a are interconnected within the complex food web, rare example of a food chain linking a pelagic fish as stated in the phrase “the forest is longing for to a land bird, the present report is an elaboration the sea, the sea is longing for the forest” (LFOO, of this phenomenon that is more common than 2017).
    [Show full text]
  • Johnston Atoll Species List Ryan Rash
    Johnston Atoll Species List Ryan Rash Birds X: indicates species that was observed but not Anatidae photographed Green-winged Teal (Anas crecca) (DOR) Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) X Kingdom Ardeidae Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis) Phylum Charadriidae Class Pacific Golden-Plover (Pluvialis fulva) Order Fregatidae Family Great Frigatebird (Fregata minor) Genus species Laridae Black Noddy (Anous minutus) Brown Noddy (Anous stolidus) Grey-Backed Tern (Onychoprion lunatus) Sooty Tern (Onychoprion fuscatus) White (Fairy) Tern (Gygis alba) Phaethontidae Red-Tailed Tropicbird (Phaethon rubricauda) White-Tailed Tropicbird (Phaethon lepturus) Procellariidae Wedge-Tailed Shearwater (Puffinus pacificus) Scolopacidae Bristle-Thighed Curlew (Numenius tahitiensis) Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres) Sanderling (Calidris alba) Wandering Tattler (Heteroscelus incanus) Strigidae Hawaiian Short-Eared Owl (Asio flammeus sandwichensis) Sulidae Brown Booby (Sula leucogaster) Masked Booby (Sula dactylatra) Red-Footed Booby (Sula sula) Fish Acanthuridae Achilles Tang (Acanthurus achilles) Achilles Tang x Goldrim Surgeonfish Hybrid (Acanthurus achilles x A. nigricans) Black Surgeonfish (Ctenochaetus hawaiiensis) Blueline Surgeonfish (Acanthurus nigroris) Convict Tang (Acanthurus triostegus) Goldrim Surgeonfish (Acanthurus nigricans) Gold-Ring Surgeonfish (Ctenochaetus strigosus) Orangeband Surgeonfish (Acanthurus olivaceus) Orangespine Unicornfish (Naso lituratus) Ringtail Surgeonfish (Acanthurus blochii) Sailfin Tang (Zebrasoma veliferum) Yellow Tang (Zebrasoma flavescens)
    [Show full text]
  • Table S51. Average Net Primary Production Values Reported from Mangrove Forests of South Florida and Eastern Mexico
    Table S51. Average net primary production values reported from mangrove forests of south Florida and eastern Mexico. The values were obtained by several different methods of measurement and reported in different units, but for the table all values have been standardized as discussed in the text. (South Florida data from Odum, McIvor, and Smith 1982. Mexican data from Barriero-Gilemes and Balderas-Cortes 1991; Rico-Gray and Lot- Helgueras 1983.) Forest type g C/m2/yr g dry wt/m2/yr lb/A/yr South Florida Red mangroves 1,934.5 6,248 55,732 Black mangroves 1,533.0 4,952 45,172 Mixed forests 3,029.5 9,785 87,282 Eastern Mexico Red mangroves 153.6 496 4,424 Black mangroves 257.6 832 7,421 Table S52. Estimates of litter fall (as dry organic matter) in several types of mangrove forests of south Florida. Values given for red and black mangrove under “variety of types” include those for riverine, overwash, fringe, and “mature” forests. (Recalculated from data in Odum, McIvor, and Smith 1982.) Annual litter fall 2 Forest type Daily litter fall (g/m2/day) g/m /yr lb/A/yr Red mangrove -variety of types 2.8 1,022 9,116 -scrub forest 0.4 146 1,302 Black mangrove -variety of types 1.3 475 4,237 Mixed forests 2.3 840 7,493 Table S53. Brief sketches of important families of perciform fishes found in neritic or epipelagic waters of the Gulf of Mexico, giving information on recognition characters, habitats, and habits and listing important genera.
    [Show full text]
  • Mesopelagic Sightings of Ocean Sunfishes (Molidae)
    BRIEF COMMUNICATION Seeking the sun in deep, dark places: mesopelagic sightings of ocean sunfishes (Molidae) N. D. Phillips*†, C. Harrod‡, A. R. Gates§, T. M. Thys‖ and J. D. R. Houghton*¶ *School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast MBC Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, U.K., ‡Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad de Antofagasta, Avenida Angamos 601, Antofagasta, Chile, §National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, U.K., ‖California Academy of Science, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA, 94118 U.S.A. and ¶Institute of Global Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast 123 Stranmillis Road, County Antrim, Belfast, BT9 5AG, U.K. †Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel.: +44 28 9097 2620; email: [email protected] (Received 27 March 2015, Accepted 30 June 2015) Evidence is presented from publicly available remotely operated vehicle (ROV) footage that suggests deep-water ranging in ocean sunfishes (family Molidae) is more common than typically thought, including a new maximum depth recorded for the southern sunfish Mola ramsayi. Key words: diving behaviour; foraging; Mola mola; remotely operated vehicle; SERPENT Project. The family Molidae, or the ocean sunfishes, is currently believed to comprise four widely distributed species: the ocean sunfish Mola mola, (L. 1758), sharptail sunfish Masturus lanceolatus (Liénard 1840), southern sunfish Mola ramsayi (Giglioli 1883) and slender sunfish Ranzania laevis (Pennant 1776), although the taxonomy remains uncertain, with the possible existence of several currently undescribed species (Bass et al., 2005; Pope et al., 2010). Often seen basking at the surface, there was a long held perception that these species were rare, inactive drifters feeding solely on gelatinous zooplankton (Pope et al., 2010).
    [Show full text]