Brazil Country Commercial Guide
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Currency Symbol for Indian Rupee Design Philosophy
Currency Symbol for Indian Rupee Design Philosophy The design philosophy of the symbol is derived from the Devanagari script, a traditional script deeply rooted in our Indian culture. The symbol also seamlessly integrates the Latin script which is widely used around the world. This amalgamation traverses boundaries across cultures giving it a universal identity, at the same time symbolizing our cultural values and ethos at a global platform. Simplicity of the visual form and imagery creates a deep impact on the minds of the people. And makes it easy to recognize, recall and represent by all age groups, societies, religions and cultures. Direct communication The symbol is designed using the Devanagari letter ‘Ra’ and Roman capital letter ‘R’. The letters are derived from the word Rupiah in Hindi and Rupees in English both denote the currency of India. The derivation of letters from these words conveys the association of the symbol with currency rupee. The symbol straightforwardly communicates the message of currency for both Indian and foreign nationals. In other words, a direct relationship is established between the symbol and the rupee. Shiro Rekha The use of Shiro Rekha (the horizontal top line) in Devanagari script is unique to India. Devanagari script is the only script where letters hang from the top line and does not sit on a baseline. The symbol preserves this unique and essential feature of our Indian script which is not seen in any other scripts in the world. It also clearly distinguishes itself from other symbols and establishes a sign of Indian origin. It explicitly states the Indianess of the symbol. -
GIPE-011123-Contents.Pdf (1.391Mb)
THE PROBLEM OF INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT The .Riiyal I ...tiIIute oj Intemalional Affairs i8 _ ..""jftcial tJnrl """.po!ilicaZ body,Joon.dtd ... 1920 to .....",..,.ag. tJnrl Jat>iZital. Ike 8cientific 8ttu% oj intemalionaZ qu<8t1of18. The 11l81i1ut., ... BUCh, i8 precluded by;u rvlu from upruring an opinion 011 any CUlpect oJ...,.,.• ....eionaZ "ffaVr8; opinionB upru.ed ... 1MB book or.. /hereJor., pur'11I indWiduoZ. THE PROBLEM OF INTERNATIONAL • INVESTMENT . A Report by a Study Group of Members of the Royal Institute of International Mairs OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS LONDON NEW YORK TORONTO 1 __ -urIM .....,.;_ ~IM R'¥IlI"- ~I-.. ..... -'~ 1937 ODORD UNIVERSITY PRBSS AMBN ROUBH, B.C. 4 London Bdlnbmgb Glalgow New York 'l'OlOIlto Melbourne Capetown Bomb., Calcutta Madru HUIIPHREY IIILII'ORD PVBLIBBBB W nm VIn'D8lfl' XbSZ;-. \.N3t &7 /1 ( 2.. J FOREWORD TIm Council of the Royal Institute of International Affairs believe that this a.ddition to the series of Study Group Reports will fill an important gap in the literature of international economics. It is an attempt, in the first ple.ce, to e.na.lyse objectively the conditions under which long-term oapital may move between countries and to consider oe.refully the speoie.l fe.otors in the world economy of to-day which tend to limit the extent to which such movements e.re possible or desirable. Secondly, the book contains a careful study of the post war history of international investments which brings together facts and figures whioh e.re ine.ocessible to most students and business men. The Council is indebted to the following group of members of the Institute for the preparation of the Report: Mr. -
Notice of Listing of Products by Icap Sef (Us) Llc for Trading by Certification 1
NOTICE OF LISTING OF PRODUCTS BY ICAP SEF (US) LLC FOR TRADING BY CERTIFICATION 1. This submission is made pursuant to CFTC Reg. 40.2 by ICAP SEF (US) LLC (the “SEF”). 2. The products certified by this submission are the following: Fixed for Floating Interest Rate Swaps in CNY (the “Contract”). Renminbi (“RMB”) is the official currency of the Peoples Republic of China (“PRC”) and trades under the currency symbol CNY when traded in the PRC and trades under the currency symbol CNH when traded in off-shore markets. 3. Attached as Attachment A is a copy of the Contract’s rules. The SEF is listing the Contracts by virtue of updating the terms and conditions of the Fixed for Floating Interest Rate Swaps submitted to the Commission for self-certification pursuant to Commission Regulation 40.2 on September 29, 2013. A copy of the Contract’s rules marked to show changes from the version previously submitted is attached as Attachment B. 4. The SEF intends to make this submission of the certification of the Contract effective on the day following submission pursuant to CFTC Reg. 40.2(a)(2). 5. Attached as Attachment C is a certification from the SEF that the Contract complies with the Commodity Exchange Act and CFTC Regulations, and that the SEF has posted a notice of pending product certification and a copy of this submission on its website concurrent with the filing of this submission with the Commission. 6. As required by Commission Regulation 40.2(a), the following concise explanation and analysis demonstrates that the Contract complies with the core principles of the Commodity Exchange Act for swap execution facilities, and in particular Core Principle 3, which provides that a swap execution facility shall permit trading only in swaps that are not readily susceptible to manipulation, in accordance with the applicable guidelines in Appendix B to Part 37 and Appendix C to Part 38 of the Commission’s Regulations for contracts settled by cash settlement and options thereon. -
INTRODUCTION Indian Currency Rate Fluctuations and Comparison With
INTRODUCTION Indian currency rate fluctuations and comparison with Japanese yen, Chinese Yuan, British Pound and Euro, are the central issues of this thesis. The study will follow the United State Dollar as a base currency and will find out that which currency is more volatile and which currency is more stable within these more popular currencies which are mostly traded in the currency market. Currencies which we are referring over here are as follows: USD EURO JAPANESE YEN GREAT BRITAIN POUND CHINESE YAUN INDIAN RUPPE Most of the presently empirical literature on foreign exchange market follows either the stock market fluctuations or the export –import market analysis. But this thesis directly focused on the currency market volatility in the foreign exchange market, in particular these three key areas for the present research that are-price fluctuation in Indian currency market, Theoretical Economic equilibrium of currency market, INR we will compare with other four currency market volatility that are Japan, British, China and Europe, and lastly find out that which currency market is more stable out of these five markets. 1.1 Indian Foreign Exchange Market- Sam Y. Gross (1998, Federal Reserve Bank of New York), “Foreign exchange” refers to money denominated in the currency of another nation or group of nations. Any person who exchanges money denominated in his own nation‟s currency for money denominated in another nation‟s currency acquires foreign exchange.” Indian currency is the key part of the Indian Foreign Exchange Market and directly or indirectly the currency market affected to the other part of the foreign exchange market that are stock market and export – import market of India. -
Financial Panics and Scandals
Wintonbury Risk Management Investment Strategy Discussions www.wintonbury.com Financial Panics, Scandals and Failures And Major Events 1. 1343: the Peruzzi Bank of Florence fails after Edward III of England defaults. 2. 1621-1622: Ferdinand II of the Holy Roman Empire debases coinage during the Thirty Years War 3. 1634-1637: Tulip bulb bubble and crash in Holland 4. 1711-1720: South Sea Bubble 5. 1716-1720: Mississippi Bubble, John Law 6. 1754-1763: French & Indian War (European Seven Years War) 7. 1763: North Europe Panic after the Seven Years War 8. 1764: British Currency Act of 1764 9. 1765-1769: Post war depression, with farm and business foreclosures in the colonies 10. 1775-1783: Revolutionary War 11. 1785-1787: Post Revolutionary War Depression, Shays Rebellion over farm foreclosures. 12. Bank of the United States, 1791-1811, Alexander Hamilton 13. 1792: William Duer Panic in New York 14. 1794: Whiskey Rebellion in Western Pennsylvania (Gallatin mediates) 15. British currency crisis of 1797, suspension of gold payments 16. 1808: Napoleon Overthrows Spanish Monarchy; Shipping Marques 17. 1813: Danish State Default 18. 1813: Suffolk Banking System established in Boston and eventually all of New England to clear bank notes for members at par. 19. Second Bank of the United States, 1816-1836, Nicholas Biddle 20. Panic of 1819, Agricultural Prices, Bank Currency, and Western Lands 21. 1821: British restoration of gold payments 22. Republic of Poyais fraud, London & Paris, 1820-1826, Gregor MacGregor. 23. British Banking Crisis, 1825-1826, failed Latin American investments, etc., six London banks including Henry Thornton’s Bank and sixty country banks failed. -
The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3
Currency Symbols Range: 20A0–20CF This file contains an excerpt from the character code tables and list of character names for The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3 This file may be changed at any time without notice to reflect errata or other updates to the Unicode Standard. See http://www.unicode.org/errata/ for an up-to-date list of errata. See http://www.unicode.org/charts/ for access to a complete list of the latest character code charts. See http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-6.3/ for charts showing only the characters added in Unicode 6.3. See http://www.unicode.org/Public/6.3.0/charts/ for a complete archived file of character code charts for Unicode 6.3. Disclaimer These charts are provided as the online reference to the character contents of the Unicode Standard, Version 6.3 but do not provide all the information needed to fully support individual scripts using the Unicode Standard. For a complete understanding of the use of the characters contained in this file, please consult the appropriate sections of The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3, online at http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.3.0/, as well as Unicode Standard Annexes #9, #11, #14, #15, #24, #29, #31, #34, #38, #41, #42, #44, and #45, the other Unicode Technical Reports and Standards, and the Unicode Character Database, which are available online. See http://www.unicode.org/ucd/ and http://www.unicode.org/reports/ A thorough understanding of the information contained in these additional sources is required for a successful implementation. -
Exchange Rate Statistics
Exchange rate statistics Updated issue Statistical Series Deutsche Bundesbank Exchange rate statistics 2 This Statistical Series is released once a month and pub- Deutsche Bundesbank lished on the basis of Section 18 of the Bundesbank Act Wilhelm-Epstein-Straße 14 (Gesetz über die Deutsche Bundesbank). 60431 Frankfurt am Main Germany To be informed when new issues of this Statistical Series are published, subscribe to the newsletter at: Postfach 10 06 02 www.bundesbank.de/statistik-newsletter_en 60006 Frankfurt am Main Germany Compared with the regular issue, which you may subscribe to as a newsletter, this issue contains data, which have Tel.: +49 (0)69 9566 3512 been updated in the meantime. Email: www.bundesbank.de/contact Up-to-date information and time series are also available Information pursuant to Section 5 of the German Tele- online at: media Act (Telemediengesetz) can be found at: www.bundesbank.de/content/821976 www.bundesbank.de/imprint www.bundesbank.de/timeseries Reproduction permitted only if source is stated. Further statistics compiled by the Deutsche Bundesbank can also be accessed at the Bundesbank web pages. ISSN 2699–9188 A publication schedule for selected statistics can be viewed Please consult the relevant table for the date of the last on the following page: update. www.bundesbank.de/statisticalcalender Deutsche Bundesbank Exchange rate statistics 3 Contents I. Euro area and exchange rate stability convergence criterion 1. Euro area countries and irrevoc able euro conversion rates in the third stage of Economic and Monetary Union .................................................................. 7 2. Central rates and intervention rates in Exchange Rate Mechanism II ............................... 7 II. -
North York Coin Club Founded 1960 MONTHLY MEETINGS 4TH Tuesday 7:30 P.M
North York Coin Club Founded 1960 MONTHLY MEETINGS 4TH Tuesday 7:30 P.M. AT Edithvale Community Centre, 7 Edithvale Drive, North York MAIL ADDRESS: NORTH YORK COIN CLUB, P.O.BOX 10005 R.P.O. Yonge & Finch, 5576 Yonge Street, Toronto, Ontario, M2N 0B6 Web site: www.northyorkcoinclub.ca Contact the Club : Executive Committee E-mail: [email protected] President ........................................Nick Cowan Director ..........................................David Quinlan Receptionist ................................Franco Farronato Phone: 647-222-9995 1st Vice President ..........................Bill O’Brien Director ..........................................Roger Fox Draw Prizes..................................Bill O’Brien 2nd Vice President..........................Shawn Hamilton Director ..........................................Vince Chiappino Social Convenor ..........................Bill O’Brien Member : Secretary ........................................Henry Nienhuis Junior Director ................................ Librarian ......................................Robert Wilson Program Planning ........................ Canadian Numismatic Assocation Treasurer ........................................ Auctioneer ......................................Bob Porter Past President ................................Robert Wilson Auction Manager ............................Mark Argentino Ontario Numismatic Association Editor ..............................................Paul Petch THE BULLETIN FOR APRIL 2009 Regular club members -
The Big Reset: War on Gold and the Financial Endgame
WILL s A system reset seems imminent. The world’s finan- cial system will need to find a new anchor before the year 2020. Since the beginning of the credit s crisis, the US realized the dollar will lose its role em as the world’s reserve currency, and has been planning for a monetary reset. According to Willem Middelkoop, this reset MIDD Willem will be designed to keep the US in the driver’s seat, allowing the new monetary system to include significant roles for other currencies such as the euro and China’s renminbi. s Middelkoop PREPARE FOR THE COMING RESET E In all likelihood gold will be re-introduced as one of the pillars LKOOP of this next phase in the global financial system. The predic- s tion is that gold could be revalued at $ 7,000 per troy ounce. By looking past the American ‘smokescreen’ surrounding gold TWarh on Golde and the dollar long ago, China and Russia have been accumu- lating massive amounts of gold reserves, positioning them- THE selves for a more prominent role in the future to come. The and the reset will come as a shock to many. The Big Reset will help everyone who wants to be fully prepared. Financial illem Middelkoop (1962) is founder of the Commodity BIG Endgame Discovery Fund and a bestsell- s ing author, who has been writing about the world’s financial system since the early 2000s. Between 2001 W RESET and 2008 he was a market commentator for RTL Television in the Netherlands and also BIG appeared on CNBC. -
Euro Or Eora? Cent Or Ceint? the New Currency and Ireland
Euro or eora? Cent or ceint? The new currency and Ireland Michael Everson Œ A SINGLE CURRENCY, which has been of endeavour to be internal to the countries of named in the English language the euro, and the EU, and thus to be outside the scope of the whose decimal subdivision is called the cent, has European Council’s powers of direction. We been introduced by the monetary union of a will see below that linguistic argument alone number of member states of the European will show that the directives of the Council Union. Of interest in multilingual Europe are cannot be implemented justly, given the the different ways in which these new words European linguistic situation. will be adapted to the pronunciation, grammar, and spelling requirements of European lan- BORROWING guages, whether these languages be official EU NEW VOCABULARY languages, other languages of the countries adopting the new currency as their national In general, when a new word is introduced to a currency, or other languages used elsewhere in language, it is changed according to relevant Europe. phonetic criteria. English speakers borrowed Rather than requesting the input of its the Czech word robot, but adapted it to English member states with regard to the proper use of pronunciation ([·rÿÜbOt] not [·robot]) and the currency’s name in their languages, the grammar (pl. robots not roboty). The Arabic European Council has surprisingly decreed word ‹ (qahwa) was borrowed via a variety that the spelling of the currency and of its of routes into a number of naturalized forms by subunit shall be identical in all official lan- the languages of Europe: kafe (Basque); cafè guages of the EU.1 It has also directed that the (Catalan); kaffe (Danish); koffie (Dutch); coffee plural and the singular of the words euro and (English); kahv (Estonian); kahvi (Finnish); café cent shall be identical in a number of these (French); (qava – Georgian); Kaffee (Ger- languages. -
Oxford University Press. No Part of This Book May Be Distributed, Posted, Or
xix Gaining Currency xx 1 CHAPTER 1 A Historical Prologue At the end of the day’s journey, you reach a considerable town named Pau- ghin. The inhabitants worship idols, burn their dead, use paper money, and are the subjects of the grand khan. The Travels of Marco Polo the Venetian, Marco Polo uch was the strange behavior of the denizens of China in the Sthirteenth century, as narrated by Marco Polo. Clearly, using paper money was a distinguishing characteristic of the peoples the famed itinerant encountered during his extensive travels in China, one the explorer equated with what Europeans would have regarded as pagan rituals. Indeed, the notion of using paper money was cause for wonderment among Europeans at the time and for centuries thereafter; paper money came into use in Europe only during the seventeenth century, long after its advent in China. That China pioneered the use of paper money is only logical since paper itself was invented there during the Han dynasty (206 BC– 220 AD). Cai Lun, a eunuch who entered the service of the imperial palace and eventually rose to the rank of chief eunuch, is credited with the invention around the year 105 AD. Some sources indicate that paper had been invented earlier in the Han dynasty, but Cai Lun’s achievement was the development of a technique that made the mass production of paper possible. This discovery was not the only paper- making accomplishment to come out of China; woodblock printing and, subsequently, 2 movable type that facilitated typography and predated the Gutenberg printing press by about four centuries can also be traced back there. -
3Ffq Vdk Hf"*'Ll-,Tr E{-.-,Drri.Ld L2/11-130
tso/rEc JTc l/sc 2JING2 PROPOSAL SUMMARY FORM TO ACCOMPANY SUBMISSIONS FOR ADDITIONS TO THE REPERTOIRE OF ISO/IEC 106461 Please fill all the sections A, B and C below. Please read Principles and Procedures Document (P & P) from htip:/lwww.dkuuq.dklJTCllSC2lWG2ldocslprirrcirrtes.htryl- for guidelines and details before filling this form. Please ensure you are using the latest Form from http:/lwww.dkuuq.dkJJTCllSC2lWG2ldcc-slsuqfigfflgjli11id. See also httn./lwww.dku 6. Choose one of the following: This is a complete proposal: (or) More information will be provided later: B. Technical - General 1. Choose one of the following: a. This proposal is for a new script (set of characters): ,<1 t:A Proposed name of script: -----------_/:_ b. The proposal is for addition of character(s) to an existing block: YPq Name of the existing btock: -_-C-UfU*n<_:4 -5-.1-,rrh-ol,S- _-____--- __--f-":"-____--___ 2.Numberofcharactersinproposal: I | --L- -----_ 3. Proposed category (select one from below - see section 2.2 of P&P document): A-Contemporary --\_ B.1-specialized (smallcollection) B.2-Specialized (large collection) C-Major extinct _____ D-Attested extinct E-Minor e)dinctextinct F-Archaic Hieroglyphic or ldeographi G-Obscure or questionable usage symbols 4. ls a repertoire including character names provided? _-y_t_l-_-__ _ _ -_ a. lf YES, are the names in accordance with the "character naming guidelines" t in Annex L of P&P document? __y_t--t-___-_____-_ b. Are the character shapes attached in a legible form suitable for review? llgS-" - 5.