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Guideline on Therapeutic Dentistry for the 5-Th Term: Educational and V 86 Methodical Edition / M.N

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Guideline on Therapeutic Dentistry for the 5-Th Term: Educational and V 86 Methodical Edition / M.N М.N. VOLKOVA, N.A.SAKHARUK, N.A. KORENEVSKAYA GUIDELINE ON THERAPEUTIC DENTISTRY for the 5-th term VITEBSK, 2016 MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS VITEBSK STATE ORDER OF PEOPLES' FRIENDSHIP MEDICAL UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF THERAPEUTIC DENTISTRY М.N. VOLKOVA, N.A.SAKHARUK, N.A. KORENEVSKAYA GUIDELINE ON THERAPEUTIC DENTISTRY for the 5-th term Educational and methodical edition for the third-year students of the stomatological faculty VITEBSK, 2016 УДК 616.31=111(07) ББК 56.61я73 V 86 Reviewed by: Kabanova S.A., Dean of the Stomatological Faculty of Vitebsk State Medical University, candidate of medical sciences, associate professor of the Pediatric dentistry and maxillofacial surgery char. Volkova, M.N. Guideline on therapeutic dentistry for the 5-th term: educational and V 86 methodical edition / M.N. Volkova, N.A. Sakharuk, N.A. Korenevskaya. – Vitebsk: VGMU, 2016. – 250 с. ISBN 978-985-466-849-9 Educational and methodical edition «Guideline on therapeutic dentistry for the 5-th term» intended for the third-year students of the stomatological faculty. It is made up in according with the standard curriculum in therapeutic dentistry.The edition is designed for internal using. УДК 616.31=111(07) ББК 56.61я73 Approved and recommended for the publication by the Central educational and methodical Council of VSMU (protocol N___ dated ____January, 2016). ISBN 978-985-466-849-9 © Volkova M.N., SakharukN.A., Korenevskaya N.A., 2016 © Educationalestablishment «Vitebsk State Medical University», 2016 CONTENTS LESSON 1. Deontology in therapeutic dentistry. Dental office. Sterilization of dental instruments. The basic rules of ergonomics in the work of the dentist(Sakharuk N.A.). .................................................................................. 4 LESSON 2. Diagnostic methods in therapeuticdentistry(Sakharuk N.A.).. 12 LESSON 3. Dental patient card. Recording and reporting dental records. How to fill out(Sakharuk N.A.).. .................................................................. 18 LESSON 4. Individual and professional oralhygiene. The display method of dental plaque.Hygienic indexes(Sakharuk N.A.).. ........................................ 23 LESSON5. Clinical manifestations of gingivitis(Sakharuk N.A.)............... 38 LESSON 6. Methods and means of anesthesia(Sakharuk N.A.). ................ 45 LESSON 7.Dental caries.development. Mechanism. Epidemiology. Classifications(Volkova M.N.). ..................................................................... 51 LESSON 8.Enamel caries. Clinical appearance. Diagnostics. Treatment(Volkova M.N.). ............................................................................ 67 LESSON 9.Caries of dentin. Clinical appearance. Methods of diagnostics(Volkova M.N.). ........................................................................... 82 LESSONS 10.Caries of dentin. Treatment methods. Healing liners(Volkova M.N.). .............................................................................................................. 99 LESSON 11. Diagnosis and treatment of occlusion surfaces caries. Selection of filling material(Volkova M.N.). ............................................................... 117 LESSON 12. Diagnosis and treatment of proximal surfaces caries of posterior teeth.proximal contact point. Techniques of the re-establishment contact point. Selection of filling material(Volkova M.N.). ........................ 138 LESSON 13.Diagnostics and treatment of cervical caries(Korenevskaya N.A.).............................................................................................................. 160 LESSON 14. Errors and complications in the diagnosis and treatment of dental caries(Korenevskaya N.A.). ............................................................. 172 LESSON 15.Caries prevention(Korenevskaya N.A.). ............................... 180 LESSON 16. Noncarious tooth lesions that occurbefore tooth eruption(Korenevskaya N.A.). .................................................................... 194 LESSON 17. Noncarious lesions that appear after teeth eruption(Korenevskaya N.A.). .................................................................... 224 3 LESSON 1.DEONTOLOGY IN THERAPEUTIC DENTISTRY. DENTAL OFFICE. STERILIZATION OF DENTAL INSTRUMENTS. THE BASIC RULES OF ERGONOMICS IN THE WORK OF THE DENTIST. The questions to be studied for the learning of the topic: 1. Therapeutic dentistry as a science, subject matter, objectives, goals. 2. Structure and equipment of dental office. The basic requirements are presented to him. 3. Aseptic and antiseptic for dental seeing, definitely, main types. 4. Sterilization dental instruments, concepts. Main types of sterilization used in clinic therapeutic dentistry. 5. Key terms in the ergonomics dentists. Workplace ofdentist. Question 1. Therapeutic dentistry as a science, subject matter, objectives, goals. Therapeutic dentistry is the science that studies the characteristics of diagnosis, clinics, treatment, prevention and rehabilitation of patients with diseases of hard tissues of teeth, periodontal, oral mucosa. The goal of therapeutic dentistry: implementation of effective prevention, diagnosis and conservative treatment of diseases of the teeth, periodontal and oral mucosa. Objectives of therapeutic dentistry: 1.Prevention and treatment of caries and its complications. 2.Prevention and treatment and non-carious lesions. 3.Treatment and prevention of periodontal disease. 4.Prevention and treatment of oral mucosa. 5.Clinical examination of dental patients. The term "deontology" comes from the Greek words: «deontos» is due, proper and «logos» - knowledge, means the totality of ethical standards of professional conduct for health workers. Deontology involves questions: − The confidentiality; − Medical Malpractice for the life and health of the patient; − The relationship between the health workers themselves and others. The term "deontology" proposed by the British sociologist and jurist Jeremy Bentham (J. Bentham) in the XIX century to refer to the theory of morality. However, the foundations were laid of ethics in medicine of the ancient world. Medical deontology is a set of ethical standards and principles of conduct of health professionals in carrying out their professional duties. Dentist is a professional possessing special knowledge and skills in the practice of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases of the teeth and 4 oral cavity inhumans. On reception at the doctor may have ethical and professional ethical issues. Professional and ethical problems may be related to: − diagnosis of diseases of the teeth; − anesthesia; − preparation of cavities; − endodontic treatment; − occupational health; − local drug treatment. Diagnosis of diseases. One of the most important functions of your dentist correct diagnosis. However, the diagnosis may be correct inaccurate or erroneous. The professional duty of the physician to correct diagnosis of dental disease. At the heart of the ethical problems associated with incorrect diagnosis, the doctor is the professional level. The higher it is, the smaller the error, and vice versa. Anesthesia. This feature is extremely important the dentist, as the painful surgery inhumane. This function is not always performed satisfactorily and therefore the majority of the population is afraid of dental procedures. In all civilized countries, all treatments in dentistry, which may be accompanied by tenderness, conducted under anesthesia. Dissection of the cavity. The basis of possible ethical problems in dissection may be incorrect following steps: preparation painful, overheating of the tooth, injury to tissues of the mouth, accidental opening of the pulp cavity, the destruction of tooth structure, insufficient preparation. Filling. Key ethical issues associated with this function dentist may arise in connection with the loss of seals. Often this happens in 2-3 days after the visit to the dentist. Correct to seal loss is due to substandard work dentist. The optimal solution is the recognition of their professional errors and improving the professional level. Endodontic treatment. Professional and ethical issues arising from complications after endodontic procedures. To prevent this kind of professional and ethical conflicts should: to master endodontic procedures; do not expose the patient at risk in cases of uncertainty about the success of treatment. Professional hygiene. − Roth dentist should be in perfect condition; − You can not talk to the patient about the poor hygiene, without confirming it is an objective test; − Discussion of oral hygiene should take place in a positive value. Local drug treatment.Problems arise due to: − Lack of information about new drugs dentist; 5 − Illiterate use of drugs; − Complications in their application; − Side effects of drugs. Prevention of professional and ethical issues must be to maintain high professional competence of a doctor. Question 2. Structure and equipment dental office. The basic requirements are presented to him. Sanitation requirements for the offices of therapeutic dentistry.The area of the dental office should be 14 square meters per dental chair (height of 3.3 meters and a depth of 6 meters) for each additional - 7 square meters, in the event of a universal dental unit - 10 square meters. Finishing cabinet.The walls in the dental office should be smooth, without cracks, ornaments, cornices, painted with oil paint or tiled to 2/3 height. Wall color should be pale shades.The ceiling of the cabinet is painted
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