2016 Dentallib P C Anila Namboodiripad

DENTAL SCIENCE, MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ORAL DISEASES No part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means. The publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this digital document, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained herein. This digital document is sold with the clear understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, medical or any other professional services. DENTAL SCIENCE, MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY Additional books in this series can be found on Nova’s website under the Series tab. Additional e-books in this series can be found on Nova’s website under the e-books tab. DENTAL SCIENCE, MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ORAL DISEASES P. C. ANILA NAMBOODIRIPAD AND E. ANURADHA SUNIL New York Copyright © 2016 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic, tape, mechanical photocopying, recording or otherwise without the written permission of the Publisher. We have partnered with Copyright Clearance Center to make it easy for you to obtain permissions to reuse content from this publication. Simply navigate to this publication’s page on Nova’s website and locate the “Get Permission” button below the title description. This button is linked directly to the title’s permission page on copyright.com. Alternatively, you can visit copyright.com and search by title, ISBN, or ISSN. For further questions about using the service on copyright.com, please contact: Copyright Clearance Center Phone: +1-(978) 750-8400 Fax: +1-(978) 750-4470 E-mail: [email protected]. NOTICE TO THE READER The Publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this book, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained in this book. The Publisher shall not be liable for any special, consequential, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or in part, from the readers’ use of, or reliance upon, this material. Any parts of this book based on government reports are so indicated and copyright is claimed for those parts to the extent applicable to compilations of such works. Independent verification should be sought for any data, advice or recommendations contained in this book. In addition, no responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from any methods, products, instructions, ideas or otherwise contained in this publication. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information with regard to the subject matter covered herein. It is sold with the clear understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering legal or any other professional services. If legal or any other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent person should be sought. FROM A DECLARATION OF PARTICIPANTS JOINTLY ADOPTED BY A COMMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION AND A COMMITTEE OF PUBLISHERS. Additional color graphics may be available in the e-book version of this book. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Namboodiripad, P. C. Anila. | Anuradha Sunil, E. Title: Pathophysiology of oral diseases / editors, P.C. Anila Namboodiripad and E. Anuradha Sunil (Palissery House, Arimpur, Thrissur District, Kerala State, India). Description: Hauppauge, New York : Nova Science Publisher's, Inc., [2016] | Series: Dental science, materials and technology | Includes index. | Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher; resource not viewed. Identifiers: LCCN 2016017787 (print) | LCCN 2016017080 (ebook) | ISBN 9781634852364 () | ISBN 9781634852203 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781634852364 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Mouth--Diseases. | Teeth--Diseases. | Physiology, Pathological. Classification: LCC RC815 (print) | LCC RC815 .P37 2016 (ebook) | DDC 616.3/1--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016017787 Published by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. † New York Contents Preface vii Section 1: Developmental Anomalies of Oral Tissues 1 Chapter 1 Developmental Anomalies Affecting Number of Teeth 3 Chapter 2 Developmental Anomalies Affecting Shape of Teeth 7 Chapter 3 Developmental Anomalies Affecting Structure of Teeth 17 Chapter 4 Developmental Anomalies Affecting Tongue 25 Section 2: Benign and Malignant Disorders 29 Chapter 5 Benign and Malignant Epithelial Tissue Tumors 31 Chapter 6 Benign and Malignant Connective Tissue Tumors 41 Chapter 7 Benign and Malignant Tumors of Salivary Glands 57 Chapter 8 Odontogenic Cysts 69 Chapter 9 Odontogenic Tumors 95 vi Contents Chapter 10 Potentially Malignant Disorders 105 Section 3: Systemic Disorders 109 Chapter 11 Bone Disorders 111 Chapter 12 Disorders of the Skin 129 Section 4: Bacterial, Viral and Fungal Lesions 147 Chapter 13 Bacterial Lesions of Oral Cavity 149 Chapter 14 Viral Infections of the Oral Cavity 157 Chapter 15 Fungal Infections of Oral Cavity 169 Chapter 16 Regressive Alterations of Teeth 175 About the Authors 179 Index 181 Preface Teaching a large number of ever-inspiring students for the past few years was the motivation for the authors to compile this book. This book would not have seen the light of the day if it were not for them. Knowledge of the pathogenesis of diseases affecting the oral cavity is of great help in understanding its clinical features, radiographic features, histological features as well as the finalization of treatment for those diseases. This knowledge became the reason to compile this book that explains the various pathophysiological causes of the diseases. Some of the diseases are still being explained by their old pathogenesis; however, some others are being attributed to some new causes, following the advent of new and innovative technologies. This book is a sincere attempt to simplify the subject of Oral Pathology by elaborating upon the underlying causes of the various diseases. Apart from students, the author owes her gratitude to Dr. HM Dholakia, who made the subject of Oral Pathology sound so simple; Dr. Alka Kale, whose boundless energy and dynamic personality is an inspiration; Dr. Ramakant Nayak, who harps on the importance of constant updation of knowledge that is required for one to better the subject of Oral Pathology and to the management, principals, and staffs of a large number of dental colleges in India where the idea of the book was concieved. The constant encouragement and support received is the motivation for the author to compose this book. viii Finally, the author says a million thanks to her family—especially her parents and daughters—who ungrudgingly bore with her lack of time for them and finally a special thanks to her ever-encouraging husband, without whose help this book would not have seen the light of the day. The author would also like to thank the God Almighty who gave her the strength to achieve her dream of authoring this book. Dr PC Anila Namboodiripad, BDS, MDS, Professor, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Section 1: Developmental Anomalies of Oral Tissues Chapter 1 Developmental Anomalies Affecting Number of Teeth Introduction Development of Teeth Parallel to the lip edge in the late embryonic period (44 days), there is the formation of the epithelial lamella or the primary epithelial band which plays a role in the development of the teeth. This epithelial lamella divides into two parts, one to form the vestibule and the other to give rise to the teeth. The oral vestibule forms on the labial side, by furrowing of the labio-dental lamina, a ridge formed from the epithelial lamella. The furrow is called as the labio- dental sulcus which later forms the oral vestibule. The labio-dental lamina oriented towards the oral cavity gives rise to the dental lamina, which is a U- shaped or horseshoe shaped band from which the teeth arises. The neural crest cells in the form of the ectomesenchyme, and the oral ectoderm interact with each other to give rise to the 10 roundish teeth buds in the upper and lower arches and they represent the primordium of the deciduous teeth. Lingual to these roundish swellings, other swellings form, and they are the anlagen of the permanent teeth. The roundish buds give rise to the bud stage of tooth formation. The buds go through the cap, early bell and advanced bell stages to finally form the enamel organ that forms enamel, the dental papilla, that is enclosed within the invaginated portion of the cap, forming dentin and the pulp, and the dental sac 4 P. C. Anila Namboodiripad and E. Anuradha Sunil which is made up of ectomesenchymal cells derived from the neural crest cells, surrounding the enamel organ, giving rise to the alveolar bone, cementum and the periodontal ligament. Downward extension of the enamel organ determines the morphology of the root. The epithelium that forms the root is the Epithelial root sheath of Hertwig which fragments, and disintegrates, to help in the formation of the outer covering of the root called as the cementum and the formation of root pulp called as the ‘ root canal ‘and the root dentin. Initiation Proliferation Morpho Apposition Eruption Attrition differen- tiation Figure 1. Developmental stages in tooth and root formation. Anodontia Introduction When the follicles that needed to grow teeth are completely or partially absent, it results in a condition called as anodontia or oligodontia. This is a congenital abnormality affecting the number of the teeth (normal number of adult teeth- 32, deciduous teeth-20). When all teeth have been extracted either due to caries or pathology, the condition is called as pseudoanodotia.

Load more