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311 ar on Land Chapter 19: The W Flashback explores the from CultureLinks highlight orld War I, 1914-1919 Unit 4: Canada and W Confederation in 1867 to the end of World War I in 1918. It includes 310 important aspects of a number of special features that highlight some of the most Canada’s cultural development. Similar interesting aspects of Canada’s history. These features also help you Picture Gallery Culture The War in Canadian Art and Photos features include navigate through your book and often point out where you can do Link tion. Often the pictures were Airmen learn to fire TechLinks which focus uring World War I, news- copied in large numbers and their guns further research to go beyond your textbook. Dpapers and magazines sent sold to patriotic Canadians. artists and photographers into The war artists and photog- Women Making Shells on key technological the heat of battle to report on raphers did not glorify war. by Henrietta Mabel May Soldiers wash in a shell hole the war. The government They showed the grim horror of advances, Civics & offered artists the pay and rank the battlefield. Some artists also of officers if they would go to painted scenes showing the the front. Several artists volun- effects of the war at home. Society which explore teered to go to the front lines. War reporters, photogra- social, political, and Unit phers, and artists shared the same hardships and risks as citizenship issues, and Timelines present a front-line soldiers. Sometimes 1. a) Describe the scene shown in each photo Timeline and painting.Who is shown? What is hap- artists sent back rough sketches Profiles which provide clear outline of major 3 with their notes. Other artists at pening? What might have just happened or home then finished the pictures be about to happen? and news stories for publica- b) What impressions do these pictures give short biographies of events in a unit introduces compulsory elementary education you of the war? 1871 - 2. These pictures focus on four key themes of important people Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone the war:The Heat of Battle, Life Behind the 1876 - Indian Act passes (above right) Soldiers Lines,The War at Home, and the Tragedy of fire a heavy howitzer War.Work in groups. Choose one theme and by Cyril Factory Act passes in Ontario gun locate other Canadian photos and paintings The Stretcher-Bearer Party 1884 - from World War I. Create a scrapbook or Henry Barraud The Defence of poster board displaying your choices. Include Report of the Royal Commission on the Relations of Labour and by 1889 - Sanctuary Wood captions to tell the story of the photos. Capital is made Kenneth Keith Forbes Klondike Gold Rush takes place in the Yukon 1897 - Marconi receives first transatlantic wireless message 1901 - Soldiers stand over the grave Child Labour Act passes in Ontario of a friend killed at Vimy 1908 - Ridge First airplane flight in British empire is made 1909 - World War I breaks out in Europe 1914 - women are first to win right to vote 1916 - All women in Canada gain vote in federal elections 1918 - World War I ends

Winnipeg General Strike takes place Focusing In! questions get 1919 - you thinking about important Focusing In! After studying this unit, you will be able to answer the following questions. estern Canada evelopment of W 1. What factors contributed to the major changes in Canadian society at the turn Unit 2: The D themes in the unit of the 20th century? 172 2. Who were some of the most important inventors, innovators, and entrepreneurs? What were their contributions? 3. What was the Industrial Revolution and how did it affect Canada? Making Predictions 4. What problems did new immigrants face? Skill Building: 5. How did the Indian Act and government policies affect the lives of Aboriginal peoples? Key Steps 1. Find out what you already know. In groups, 6. What problems did workers face? How did they bring about change? Can you imagine what it must have been like to consider the questions in the web diagram below. Unit 1: C onfederation Chapter 7. What social reforms were women fighting for? How successful were they? prepare for a new life in the West in the 1880s? 68 8. What changes in society are Canadians working for today? Imagine the planning you would have to do 2. Make predictions (educated guesses) to before setting out.You could not just stop at a answer the questions.Write down your predic- French, Irish, German, and Aboriginal), Women Demand Change 222 store along the way to buy something you had tions. Britannia, Cabotia, Laurentia, New Britain, Ushering In a New 17 forgotten.And you couldn’t take much with you. Nigarentia, Transatlantica, Albertania, Canadia, 3. Share your predictions with those of other All your possessions would have to be loaded Country Tuponia, and Kingdom of Canada. groups.Vote on each prediction using the cate- on a wagon and taken on trails across the Meanwhile, at home in Canada, people were Macdonald and his friends “Kingdomwould have ofpre- gories “true,” “maybe true,” and “not true.” A Mock Parliament prairie to your homestead.You would not have celebrating the birth of the nation. Through the ferred to call the new country much information on your new homestead 4. Read the material in the chapter to confirm crowded streets of Ottawa, the new prime min- Canada.” They said this would emphasize that Chapter opening pages either. Perhaps you might have a little informa- your predictions. ister, John A. Macdonald, and his government the country was a monarchy, loyal to the tion from people who had relatives in the West made their way to the Parliament Buildings. Queen. But Britain did not want to cause an or from advertisements. Reflect and Evaluate There Canada’s first governor-general, Lord Monck, was sworn into office. 1000 focus on a fascinating story So where would you start to plan? Put your- 5. Reflect on what you have read. Did you find 010001110 01001111 01011 A royal proclamation was read declaring 001110 110100111 self in the position of the early homesteaders. answers to the questions? What questions are 101010001 1101010 1001 100111000 Netsurfers point that the Act was now in 101011010 001011010 or event You will be travelling to Moose Jaw by train, and still unanswered? What new knowledge did you 00 Netsurfer100101100 010 0101101Netsurfer11 001101011 effect. Cheers went up for Canada and Queen 01010101 0010 from there, to your new homestead.You need learn? How many of your predictions were true? 0011011 010010101 01001010 10101 Victoria. Banners everywhere proclaimed 100101 010010010 out interesting web to make some predictions about what lies ahead o101011001 1100001 000 1101 “Good Luck to Confederation!” and “Bienvenue 0 Find out1001 how011 Canada0101 for you. 010111010 010010101 got01 00its101 101name, flag,01000111 à la Nouvelle Puissance!” 1001 001111 1 000coat0111001 of arms,11010011 sites you can 101 01010001 1 100010011 001110001 Skill Building sections 0 national01011 01colours,01 010 01011001 01011000 What What route to take? Naming the New Country 011011110 11110 When to go? 01anthem,01001 and0 10symbols10100 00at011 0this1101 site01000111 explore Exactly how will you get What would the new country be called? The 1101 01001101gc.ca/ 1 is the best time of 0111010c0anada.01110001 help you develop thinking, Globe invited its readers to submit 10h0ttp:// 01101010 tml10 to your homestead? Toronto 01100101 mb10_e11.00h 00 the year to travel 01 ia1n01a/11sy100 0 c10an100ad101 101001111 names and the newspaper received many sug- 0 101101010 and arrive? 11010001 research, and gestions. Among them were: British Esfiga (from the first letters of English, Scottish, What will your first men are given the vote,” she says, “they will communication skills What to bring? most important Fast Forward vote too much. Politics unsettles men. It is 27 January 1914. Nellie McClung and sev- Think carefully about tasks be on arrival? Unsettled men mean unsettled bills—broken eral hundred women meet with the premier of your essential needs HOMESTEADING For example, you will Fast Forward boxes connect past furniture, broken vows, and divorce. . . . Men The year 1967 was a special one for Canada. Manitoba. They have a petition demanding for the journey and have to look after cannot be trusted with the ballot. Men’s place ON THE PRAIRIE On 1 July 1967, Canada celebrated its 100th the Manitoba government grant women the when you arrive.What food and shelter. e? is on the farm.” birthday. Thousands of people gathered on events to the right to vote. Nellie confronts the premier: Canada’s Centennial 1967 The play is a roaring success. The audi- will you be able to buy the lawn in front of the Parliament Buildings “We are not here to ask for a gift or a favour, in the West? ence howls with laughter and the premier and in Ottawa. At midnight, the bells in the Peace present but for a right—not for mercy, but for justice!” Tower chimed “O Canada”. As the anthem Premier Roblin receives the women res- his government are embarrassed. Requests to repeat the performance come from all over What will you be ended, red, white, blue, and green fireworks pectfully but dismisses their arguments: “Now What problems might you Manitoba. Money earned is used to finance the Try to anticipate feeling? lit up the sky. People cracked open cham- you forget all this nonsense about women vot- encounter? pagne and danced in the streets. All across women’s campaign to win the right to vote. problems and have plans ing. Nice women don’t want to vote!” the country Canada’s 100th birthday was cele- Reflecting or Predicting ready to deal with them. The next night, at the Walker Theatre in brated with parades, picnics, and special Winnipeg, women stage a Reflecting events. There was scarcely a city, town, or vil- mock parliament. All mem- 1. Why do you think women at the turn of the 20th questions have you consider why lage that did not dedicate a new Centennial century did not have the right to vote? bers are women. Nellie park, arena, or library that year. Canada also McClung is premier. Roles 2. Why was a stage play an effective way for women to hosted an international world’s fair in make their point? these events are important, what are reversed and men are Montréal called Expo ’67. Over 60 nations par- asking for the right to vote. 3. Imagine you are in the audience.What might your reactions be if you are a man? A woman? What might happen next, or what you ticipated to help celebrate our centennial. Nellie cleverly pokes fun at arguments might you make for why women should or The national pavilions housed everything from the idea that women’s place should not be given the vote? Expo ’67 in Montréal cultural and historical displays to the latest in is in the home and that they might have done if you were there modern technology. are too emotional to vote. “If

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