Portrait of Population, Tripura

CENS US OF INDIA 1971 TRIPURA a portrait of pop u I a t ion A. K. BHATTACHARYYA 0/ the Tripura Civil Service Director of Census 'Operations TRIPURA Crafty mEn condemn studies and principles thereof Simple men admire them; and wise men use them. FRANCIS BACON ( i ) CONTENTS FOREWORD PREFACE ix CHAPTER I INTRODUcrORY Meaning of Cemu;-Historical perspective-Utility of Census-Historical background and Gazetteer of the State Planning of Census-Housing Census-Census-ta1<ing Organisa- tion and Machinery 1-105 II HOW MANY ARE WE? HOW ARE WE DISTRIBUTED AND BY HOW MUCH ARE OUR NUMBERS GROWING f Demography, the science of population-Population growth and its components-Sex and age composition-Sex ratio Distribution of age in Census data--Life Table from Census age data-A few refined measures of fertility-Decadal growth rates for Indian States-Size of India's population in contrast to some other countries-Size and distribution of population of Tripura in comparison with other States-Density of popula tion-Residential Houses and Size of household--Asian popula tion-findings of ECAFE Study-Growth rate of population in Tripura-Role of Migration in the Growth of population in Tripura 16-56 UI VILLAGE DWELLERS AND TOWN DWELLERS Growth story of village and town-Relationship among the dwellers of Tripura--Cultivable area available in Tripura Criteria for distinguishing Urban and Rural in different countries and in India-Distinction between vill.lge community and city community-Distribution of villages in Tripura-Level of urbanisation in Tripura-Concept of Standard Urban Area (SUA)-Urban Agglomeration. 57-83 IV ARE THE NUMBER OF MEN AND WOMEN 'BALANCED? HOW OLD ARE WE ? Method of presenting, Sex Ratio--Jmportance of balanced Sex Ratio-Sex Ratio in the different States of India--Trend of Sex Ratio in Tripura-Position of Sex Ratio in the Town-Age structure and composition-Population under broad age- group in Tripura-Dependency Ratio . 85-10'; v HOW MANY OF US CAN READ AND WRITE? Role and importance of literacy-Definition of 'Literate' and 'Illiterate'-Educat;onal level-Literacy rates in the dis tricts-General literacy rates in the States of India-~~ of Education in Tripura . ,.-, •. " . • l04-H8 (ii) VI OUR MOTHER TONGUE Pages Growth of Indian Languages-Grierson's Linguistic Survey of India-Languages specialised in the Cpnstitution of India and their speakers in Tripura-Mother tongue classified as per 1971 Census-Rural-Urban differentials in the linguistic composition 119-134~ VII THE RELIGIONS WE FOLLOW Significance of religion in life-Secularisation of Indian religions and the Constitutional right to freedom of religions Religious composition of population of India and of Tripura Decadal growth rates for different religions of Tripura-Major religious communities in the districts-PClSition of religions in the Towns of Tripura-Rcligions of the Tribal people. 135-150' VIII CASTES AND TRIBES SCHEDULED UNDER THE CONSTITUTION Meaning of Caste and Tribe-Constitutional provision for backward Castes and Tribes-Predominant position of Tribes in Tripura-Strength of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe population-Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Towns-Literacy among the Castes and Tribes-Welfare Schemes for the Scheduled Castes and Tribes of Tripura 151-169 IX OUR MAIN ACTIVITIES Importance of economic data- Definition and classification of 'Worker' and 'Non-Worker'-Rural-Urban differentials of workers in the State-Distribution of workers into broad cate gories-Working population among the Scheduled Castes and Tribes-Industrial landscape of Tripura 170-184· x SUMMING UP General and ewnomic backwardness of the State-High population pressure on the economy of Tripura-Future pros pect of population growth in Tripura-Ruralistic pattern of society and the level of urbanisation-Poor housing condition Poverty of the Tribal people-People's participation in nation building through co-operation in conducting next Census 185-191 TABLE n.t Age-specific death rates expressed per 1,000 population in different Age-groups, India 1968 . 27 n,2 Age-specific fertility rates expressed per t ,000 women in different Age-groups, India 1968 29 n.) Population. birth rate, death rate and expectation of life at birth, India 1901-J971 . 32 n.4 Decadal growth rate of population 35-37 (iii) TABLE Pares JI.S Population figure of some foreign countries . 39 11.6 A verage district population size in each State-1971 Census 42 11.7 Population of the Sub-divisions of Tripura 43 II.S Average density of population in each State 4S 1l.9 Density of population in the Districts of Tripura 46 II. 10 Average si7e of a household 47 II.f 1 Number of person!, per C.ensus House-1971 Census 48 n.12 Average number of perS0ns per room cross-classified by houses having different number of rooms-I971 Census 49 II.l3 Growth rates in the Districts of Tripura 53 II.14 Year-wise figures of refugee population migrated to Tripura 54 H.15 Decadal variation in population in Tripura since 1901 56 JIJ.l Growth of Tribal population in the towns of Tripura 60 m.2 Total cultivable area in Tripura, 1969-70 61 JIU Size class of villages in each District of Tripura 74 I1I.4 Classification of towns of Tripura 75 nLS Differential growth rates of urban population by size class of towns of Tripura 76 I1I.6 Population of the units of S.U.A. 80 111.7 Population of the units of Agartala Urban Agglomeration 82 III.S Rural-Urban differential of population during past few decades 83' IV.I Sex-ratio in the States of India 88 IV.2 Sex-ratio in Tripura 89' IV.3 Trend of sex-ratio in Tripura and India since 1901 91 IV.4 Position of sex-ratio in the towns of Tripura 91 IV.S Sex-ratio in the Metropolis of India 92 IV.6 Total population of Tripura by broad age-groups 99 IV.7 Percentage of dependent population in different States of India. 100-101' W.8 Percentage distribution of population by broad aBe·&n~up' of· the States of India . .102-10J: (iv) 'TABLE Pages V.I Number of rural population of Tripura classified as illiterates and according to the educational levels 108 V.2 Literacy rates in the Districts of Tripura 109 V.3 General literacy rates in the States oflndia 111-113 VA Position of literates in the Districts and Sub-divisions of Tripura 114 V.5 Total number of institutions for general education in Tripura 116 VJ.l Number of ~pcakcrs of the Scheduled langltages in Tril'ura 126 VI.2 List of mother tongues of Tripura 128-133 VI.3 Rural-urban differentials in linguistic composition 133 VB.t Population under different religious Cl1JllTnllnitics in India 140 VIl.2 Distribution of population under different religions between rum! and urban areas of India . 142 VII. 3 Population of major religious communities in Tripura 143 VIlA Decadal growth rates of various religious communities of India and Tripura. 144 vn.5 The position of majl)r religious comlllunilies :tl the District level 145 VII.6 The position of different religions of the towns of Tripura, 1971 Ccn~l1s 146-147 V1II.1 Percentage of Sch,!dulcd Caste and Srhedulcd Tribe population 161 in India and Tripura VII 1.2 Position of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe population in 161 the Districts vm.3 Position of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe population 162 in the towns (\f Tripura. ..... VITIA Total number or persons recorded 1I1ltkr individual category of Scheduled Castes in the State . ) 62-164 VIII.S Total number of Scheduled Tribe population under individual category in the State 164-165 VIU.6 Level of literacy amQng the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled 165 Tribes VIII.? Provision and actual expenditure for welfare of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Five Year Plans of the State 169 (v) TABLE Pages IX.1 Type of non-workers in rural areas of the State 177 IX.2 Number and percentage of non·workers in the Districts of lli~m 1~ IX.3 Rura I·urban differentiale; of workers in the Sta te 179 IX.4 Distribution pattern of the working population under different age-groups 181 IX.S Distribution of working population in the broad categories 181 IX.6 Working population among the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes 182 IX.7 Pa.ttern of main activity of the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe workers . 183 X.l Projected population of Tripul".l in the years till 198] 186 MAl'S, CHARTS AND GRAPHS Birth and Death rates of N. E. States of India, 1971 28 Position of Tripura State in India-Population 1971 38 District-wise distribution of population-- Tripura 1971 40 Tripura-Density of Population, 1971 44 Decadal growth rate of population-Tripura (1901-71) 55 Land Ufilisation Pattern of Tripura (1969-70) 62 Sex·ratio in the towns of Tripura 1971 90 Age Pyramid-Tripura 1971 96 Dependency ratio-Tripura 1971 98 Literacy in India 1971 J J () Major Mother-longues of Tripura 1971 124 Population under Major Religions-Tripura 1971 148 Distribution of Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe Popula- tion-Tripura, 1971 . • ..]60 Division ofPopuJation into workers-Tripura. 1971 180 ( vi) ApPENDIX Pages I Specimen copy of Individual Slip-Brief instructions and concept covering the questions of the Individual Slip. 192-198= II List of 1971 Census Publications of Tripura 199 III List of References 200 -:- FOREWORD This attempt to produce a popular version of the large ·census data for the general reader is an important innova tion of the 1971 Indi~n census. Census publications ·concerning even a state run into a number of volumes.

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