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Calyptridium Parryi Var. Martirense (Montiaceae), a New Taxon Endemic to the Sierra De San Pedro Mártir, Baja California, Mexico Author(S): C

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Calyptridium Parryi Var. Martirense (Montiaceae), a New Taxon Endemic to the Sierra De San Pedro Mártir, Baja California, Mexico Author(S): C Calyptridium parryi Var. Martirense (Montiaceae), A New Taxon Endemic to the Sierra De San Pedro Mártir, Baja California, Mexico Author(s): C. Matt Guilliams, Michael G. Simpson, and Jon P. Rebman Source: Madroño, 58(4):258-266. 2011. Published By: California Botanical Society DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3120/0024-9637-58.4.258 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.3120/0024-9637-58.4.258 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/ terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. MADRON˜ O, Vol. 58, No. 4, pp. 258–266, 2011 CALYPTRIDIUM PARRYI VAR. MARTIRENSE (MONTIACEAE), A NEW TAXON ENDEMIC TO THE SIERRA DE SAN PEDRO MA´ RTIR, BAJA CALIFORNIA, MEXICO C. MATT GUILLIAMS1 AND MICHAEL G. SIMPSON Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA [email protected] JON P. REBMAN San Diego Natural History Museum, P.O. Box 121390, San Diego, CA 92112-1390 ABSTRACT Calyptridium parryi var. martirense is described as new. Here we present quantitative measurements and statistical analyses of a number of morphological features that demonstrate the distinctiveness of this new taxon. The new variety differs from the others in having shorter fruits (3.1–4.1 mm) and a correspondingly smaller fruit length to sepal length ratio (1.0–1.4). The capsule is also the widest (1.4– 2.2 mm) and the sepals the longest (2.4–3.9 mm) of any other C. parryi variety. Calyptridium parryi var. martirense is currently known only from high elevation locations (1900–2630 m) in the Sierra de San Pedro Ma´rtir, Baja California, Mexico. Key Words: Baja California, Calyptridium, endemism, Montiaceae, Sierra de San Pedro Ma´rtir. Calyptridium (Montiaceae, sensu APG III hesseae J. H. Thomas, var. nevadense,var.parryi, 2009) is a genus of annual and perennial herbs and the variety described here) from 10 herbaria comprising nine species and 11 total taxa, (ARIZ, ASU, CAS-DS, JEPS, RSA, SD, SDSU, including varieties. (See Simpson et al. 2010 for UC, UCR, UTC). In addition, we included 12 a review of the taxonomy of the genus and specimens of C. arizonicum (J. T. Howell) M. G. associated literature.) The genus has been the Simpson, M. Silveira & Guilliams and 13 of C. subject of a recent master’s thesis (Guilliams monandrum, taxa that we formerly recognized as 2009), and a morphological analysis of the distinct from C. parryi (Simpson et al. 2010), so currently recognized varieties of C. parryi A. that our previous taxonomic hypothesis could be Gray plus the morphologically similar C. mon- evaluated with this expanded dataset. The data andrum Nutt. (Simpson et al. 2010). In that latter matrix from the previous study was broadened to study we detected significant morphological include complete measurements of all remaining differences between C. parryi specimens from C. parryi specimens from Baja California, Mex- the Sierra de San Pedro Ma´rtir of Baja Califor- ico, a total of 11 additional specimens. Only one nia, Mexico, and all other specimens of C. parryi specimen was excluded from the analysis (Vasek included in the analysis, although only five s.n., UCR 15269), as the individuals on this sheet samples of the former were measured. These do not bear mature fruits. Vouchers of all specimens from the Sierra de San Pedro Ma´rtir specimens of Calyptridium arizonicum, C. mon- had previously been identified as either C. andrum, and C. parryi vars. hesseae, nevadense, monandrum or C. parryi var. nevadense J. T. and parryi used in the current analysis are the Howell. Here we provide quantitative data from same as those cited in Appendix 1 of Simpson all known specimens of this annual Calyptridium et al. (2010); vouchers of the Sierra de San Pedro from the Sierra de San Pedro Ma´rtir, confirming Ma´rtir populations of C. parryi used in the the morphological pattern previously reported by current analysis are equivalent to the list of types Simpson et al. (2010). We conclude that these below, minus the Vasek s.n. specimen. collections from the Sierra de San Pedro Ma´rtir Characters measured and methods of data represent a new taxon, which we recognize as a acquisition were identical to Simpson et al. variety of C. parryi. (2010). In brief, several seed measurements were taken, including the seed sagittal diameter MATERIALS AND METHODS (including notch length), seed transverse diame- This study includes quantitative analyses of a ter, seed notch length, and distance from the total of 85 specimens of C. parryi varieties (var. perimeter to the central-most extent of papillae along both the transverse and sagittal planes 1 Present address: Department of Integrative Biology, (these last two transformed as percentage dis- University of California Berkeley, 1001 Valley Life tance from perimeter to center of the seed). In Sciences Building #2465, Berkeley, CA 94720-2465. addition to seed characters, we measured fruit 2011] GUILLIAMS ET AL.: A NEW VARIETY OF CALYPTRIDIUM PARRYI 259 TABLE 1. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS FOR CALYPTRIDIUM TAXA EXAMINED IN THIS STUDY. Taxon acronyms: C. arizonicum 5 ARI; C. monandrum 5 MON; C. parryi var. hesseae 5 HES; C. parryi var. martirense 5 MAR; C. parryi var. nevadense 5 NEV; C. parryi var. parryi 5 PAR. Values provided are the mean, minimum/maximum values, and the standard deviation. Asterisks (* 5 P , 0.05; ** 5 P , 0.01) and plus signs (+ 5 P , 0.05; ++ 5 P , 0.01) indicate when a taxon is statistically different from all other taxa or from other members of Calyptridium parryi, respectively, in Anova/Tukey post-hoc tests of significance. Seed sagittal Seed transverse Seed notch Taxon n diameter (mm) diameter (mm) length (mm) ARI 12 0.759** 0.705/0.803 0.030 0.750* 0.705/0.782 0.028 0.022 0.016/0.031 0.005 MON 13 0.615 0.538/0.692 0.055 0.634 0.553/0.717 0.056 0.018 0.010/0.024 0.004 HES 16 0.542** 0.483/0.576 0.025 0.538** 0.495/0.587 0.025 0.023 0.016/0.031 0.004 MAR 16 0.635 0.568/0.723 0.051 0.669 0.598/0.756 0.051 0.037 0.019/0.056 0.009 NEV 33 0.675 0.578/7.58 0.041 0.703 0.640/810 0.036 0.045 0.010/0.354 0.056 PAR 20 0.663 0.547/0.740 0.052 0.691 0.570/0.765 0.050 0.032 0.022/0.046 0.007 length, maximum fruit width, sepal blade length, distinguishing the varieties from one another. sepal width at widest point, scarious sepal margin These differences between varieties hesseae, width (measured on one side only, the one most nevadense,andparryi are discussed at length in intact), and distance from the sepal blade base to Simpson et al. (2010) and will not be repeated the point of greatest sepal width. One ratio here. The remainder of this section will focus on character was created and examined: ratio of those quantitative characters important for fruit length to sepal length. See Simpson et al. evaluating the distinctiveness of C. parryi ‘‘mar- (2010) for a diagrammatic representation of these tirense.’’ Fig. 1A–C shows boxplots for some of measurements. these variables, with asterisks denoting when a Most statistical analyses used in Simpson et al. given taxon was found to be statistically different (2010) were repeated with the present data set, from all other taxa and plus signs denoting when although here we omit the principal components a subgroup (variety or the ‘‘martirense’’ speci- analysis for brevity. The morphological charac- mens) of C. parryi was statistically different from ters that appeared important in distinguishing all other subgroups of C. parryi, using the Tukey between the Sierra de San Pedro Ma´rtir speci- HSD post hoc test (described below). For C. mens of C. parryi and the three recognized parryi ‘‘martirense’’, the fruit length (3.1–4.1 mm, varieties were evaluated for statistically signifi- mean 5 3.7 mm), fruit width (1.4–2.2 mm, mean cant differences by taxon using analysis of 1.9 mm), fruit length to sepal length ratio (1.0– variance (ANOVA), with multiple comparisons 1.4, mean 5 1.2), sepal length (2.4–3.9 mm, mean made between the taxa for each character using 3.2 mm), and sepal width (2.4–3.8 mm, mean the Tukey post hoc test. All statistical analyses 3.2 mm) appear to be the most distinctive were performed in SYSTAT, Version 11 (Systat quantitative traits with respect to other C. parryi Software, Inc., San Jose CA; http://www.systat. varieties (Table 1, Fig. 1). The ANOVAs and com). Tukey HSD post hoc tests of these variables confirm that the varieties of C. parryi, including C. parryi ‘‘martirense,’’ are significantly different RESULTS from one another (Table 1).
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