DOCSLIB.ORG

South Africa in the Changing World Order

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

South Africa in the Changing World Order: Power, Finance and Society by Elizabeth Cobbett A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Postdoctoral Affairs in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario ©2012 Elizabeth Cobbett Library and Archives Bibliotheque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du 1+1 Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-93662-7 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-93662-7 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distrbute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non­ support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privee, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont ete enleves de thesis. cette these. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n'y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. Canada ABSTRACT What is the relationship between changes in world order and the organisation of finance in South Africa? And how do we understand these changes theoretically? To answer this question I employ Fernand Braudel’s historical method of the study of material civilization—the constraints and possibilities on which the social world is based at any given point in time. This method provides an instructive and original explanation of societies, political power, economic modes of production, and the place that capitalism occupies historically and spatially within these contexts. My dissertation argues that patterns of both continuity and change in the world order are perceptible in South Africa as the country finds itself at the heart of historic shifts in world-economies. Change is observable at the boundaries of world- economies as arrangements in power, trade and investment shift to new political economic centres. South Africa is a zone historically linked to world-economies and reveals these movements. At the same time, global structures ensure continuity, through the power of neoliberal ideology and policies, the international financial institutions set up under American hegemony, the power of the global financial markets, and the enduring power of societal groups with links to transnational capitalism. This interplay between continuity and discontinuity are apparent in national contexts. The goal of this thesis is to study these different dimensions of change and continuity through an exploration of the edges where politics, economy, society, and state meet in post-apartheid South Africa. Looking at these ‘edges’ provides us with evidence and insight about the robustness of capitalism in South Africa and its structural links to world order, or in other words, about its continuity or discontinuity. Investigation of these changes is achieved through applying Braudel’s theoretical building blocks of multiple time frames, ‘world-economy’ and the ‘set of sets,’ concepts that unveils the multiplicity and complexity of social orders. Finally, I propose a reengagement with Braudel’s thoughts and methods. Braudel’s relevance lies in the potential of his theoretical framework to widen and thicken a rather compressed understanding of international political economy. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis has been a very exciting journey, certainly the most informative personal journey that I have intentionally decided to undertake, and one that I have not taken alone. My primary travelling companion and advisor has been Randall Germain, who introduced me to the marvellous worlds of Fernand Braudel and Robert Cox. For this, countless thanks. I have found a place to sit and mull over the challenges and problems of the world. I wish to say thank you for letting me explore, make things messy and help me connect the results of my research into something resembling a coherent argument. Your patience and encouragement made all the difference and I know that this would have been a very different project if you had not been there to supervise me. I consider myself very lucky to have teamed up with you. My husband and love, Jacques Labontd, is himself an extensive traveller and happily jumped board to explore Braudel’s world-economies with me, going into the markets and thinking about cities and spaces and finance. We have accompanied and supported each other through twenty years of study, parenthood and adventure. I can truly say that this thesis and the topic of this thesis would not have existed without you. I am deeply touched that you have been at my side through all this and anticipate the good times to come. t My sweethearts, Thomas and Clara, have almost never known a moment when their parents were not studying. Good model or fast route to deterrence? Time will tell! For Thomas I want to say that the BIG screen you gave me to write my thesis on made a huge difference (how did I think that I could have managed on the small laptop screen?). Your pounding on my shoulders in the last sprint, along with your kind words and gestures, helped me through. Clara, your steady words of encouragement, cups of tea and frequent hugs meant so much to me as I know you know how I felt, having gone through your four years at Cdgep. Thanks to both of you for the very lively supper discussions about the state of the world and possible ways to set it straight. (They say that I must also thank Clemmie, our canine companion of 13 years, for keeping me company through the days of work at my desk). Angela, my mother, has offered me undying support in all my academic ventures. Her sharp and inquisitive mind about current affairs, her critical reflections about the way things are and why they are like that has formed my own thinking. Our numerous conversations about politics and life nourished me as I ploughed my way through university. Your unwavering support really made a difference. David, my father, supported me through these years although he could never quite see why I persisted in being an eternal student. As he says, I had better hurry up and work so as to get a pension. Jokes aside, you have given me rigour of thought and argument, introduced to the world of finance and I am glad for this rich heritage. Together, you kindled my passion for political economy. My crazy decision to study in another city was cushioned by years of support and care from my lovely sister Alison, who offered me a home in Ottawa. I don’t think that I really knew what I was getting into but your ongoing assistance and encouragement has brought me to the other side. I hope that I will be as supportive as you embark on your own PhD journey. Matthew, who has been through the process and knows what’s what, Billy, whose vast knowledge of development in Africa, Greg, who is passionate about Africa and its history, and Frances, who has been rooting for me for as long as I can remember and is now on her own academic journey; you have all accompanied me in your own special ways. Thanks! My fellow students who started with me in 2006 have a special place in my heart. We have been through thick and thin together; we moaned and laughed collectively. You’re a great group of wonderful thinkers and kind people. Special thanks to Stephanie Watt who started out as a fellow student, became a friend and then, the best treat of all, applied her brilliant mind to editing my work. Last, and not least at all, are my dearest and closest friends who I have known for years, Alexa, Nancy, Elsa, Evelyne, Isabelle, Jean-Pierre, Martine and Andr6. Several of you have journeyed the PhD path with me and I felt surrounded by the best of people with a keen interest in knowledge applied to and inspired from everyday life. Un gros merci a Isabelle et Jean-Pierre pour les nombreuses invitations de passer des fins de semaines a St Donat. La semaine passee au mois de mars m’a vraiment permis d’avancer dans mes deux premiers chapitres. I wish to offer warm and heartfelt gratitude to Blair Rutherford and Laura Macdonald for accepting to be on my committee. Special thanks to Laura for accepting to jump on board at the later stage. Reading and re-reading a thesis in progress is a tedious job, I am sure. Your comments, and this definitely includes Randall, brought this thesis to new levels and insights.
Recommended publications
  • Download the February 2012 Issue

    Download the February 2012 Issue

    We are proud of the service we have provided to Trustees and Owners of Bodies Corporate and Homeowners Associations over 15 years. If we don’t already manage your apartment block or complex, we would like to. CONTACT Mike Morey TEL (021) 426 4440 FAX (021) 426 0777 EMAIL [email protected] VOLUME 29 No 1 FEBRUARY 2012 5772 www.cjc.org.za Hope and healing at BOD and Friends16082_Earspace of the for Jewish UJC Chronicle Cape FA.indd 1 Town —2011/08/19 10:40 AM Black Management Forum event securing foundations for the future By Dan Brotman Marco Van Embden, Hugh Herman and Eliot Osrin present a gift to Helen Zille. BMF member Mzo Tshaka, Cape Board Chairman Li Boiskin, Executive Director David The Friends of the UJC Cape Town recently Jacobson, Media & Diplomatic Liaison Dan Brotman, BMF member Songezo Mabece, BMF hosted a glittering and glamourous event — YP Chairman Thuso Segopolo, Ontlametse Phalatse and Prince Mangosuthu Buthelezi. (Photo: Jason Boud) celebrating the South African Jewish A new Torah to community and the generosity that The Cape Board was recently approached in a collaborative effort between the sustains it. by the Black Management Forum (of which Black Management Forum, the Jewish celebrate 7 years it is a member) to assist with the visit community of Cape Town and several uests from around the world as well of a remarkable 12-year-old girl named large corporations creating an event to as leaders and donors from the Ontlametse Phalatse. honour Ontlametse. G community gathered to celebrate the In true South African spirit, the Nelson institutions and philanthropy that make this ntlametse, who lives with her mother Mandela Auditorium and Café Riteve were such a thriving community.
  • Statement by the City's Executive Mayor, Patricia De Lille

    Statement by the City's Executive Mayor, Patricia De Lille

    Statement by the City’s Executive Mayor, Patricia de Lille Announcement of new Mayoral Committee The recent general elections have precipitated a change to the City of Cape Town’s Mayoral Committee (Mayco), with two previous members having taken up seats in the National Parliament. This has given me an opportunity to consider the best needs of the City and the kind of diverse leadership required to move our agenda forward across all platforms. As such, I have used the two vacancies to promote new councillors. I have also decided to strengthen our commitment to and work with South African Local Government Association (SALGA) by giving Alderman Demetri Qually more time to dedicate to his strategic chairmanship of SALGA Western Cape. I am confident that this newly constituted Mayco team is the right blend of youth and experience, knowledge and expertise, and that it will help us to continue to deliver world-class standards of City governance. The new Mayoral Committee is as follows: 1. Transport for Cape Town: Councillor Brett Herron 2. Community Services and Special Projects: Alderman Belinda Walker 3. Economic, Environment and Spatial Planning: Councillor Johan van der Merwe (new member of Mayco) Cllr van der Merwe has been promoted to Mayco for the first time. He has served the City Council for many years and has occupied leadership positions within and outside of the caucus. He has served on numerous boards and was instrumental in devising a new spatial approach to the greater Tygerberg region’s urban regeneration in the formation of the Greater Tygerberg Partnership.
  • Multilingualism in the Fet Band Schools of Polokwane Area, a Myth Or a Reality

    Multilingualism in the Fet Band Schools of Polokwane Area, a Myth Or a Reality

    MULTILINGUALISM IN THE FET BAND SCHOOLS OF POLOKWANE AREA, A MYTH OR A REALITY BY MOGODI NTSOANE (2002O8445) SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE; MASTER OF EDUCATION IN LANGUAGE EDUCATION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF LIMPOPO, SCHOOL OF EDUCATION, FACULTY OF HUMANITIES SUPERVISOR: MONA M.J (MR.) UNIVERSITY OF LIMPOPO PRIVATE BAG X 1106 SOVENGA 0727 LIMPOPO PROVINCE SOUTH AFRICA CHAPTER ONE 1.1 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE LANGUAGE PROBLEM IN SOUTH AFRICA Extract Language prejudice is of two types: positive and negative. Negative prejudice is image effacing. It is characterized by negative evaluation of one’s own language or speech patterns and a preference for someone else’s. An example of this kind of self- -denigration is the case of David Christiaan, the Nama Chief in Namibia, who, in response to the Dutch missionaries’ attempt to open schools that would conduct their teaching using Nama as a medium of instruction, is reported to have shouted, “Only Dutch, Dutch only! I despise myself and I want to hide in the bush when I am talking my Hottentot language” (Vedder, 1981: 275 as quoted in Ohly, 1992:65. In Ambrose, et al (eds.) undated: 15). 1.1.1 Introduction The South African Constitution (1996) and the Language-in-Education Policy (1997) have declared the eleven languages spoken in the country as official. Despite this directive, it remains questionable when it comes to the issue of the language of instruction and indigenous languages in schools. In most cases, the language of instruction becomes an issue with new governments that come into offices in countries that are multilingual.
  • 2016 Annual Meetings of the Boards of Governors

    2016 Annual Meetings of the Boards of Governors

    THE WORLD BANK GROUP Public Disclosure Authorized 2016 ANNUAL MEETINGS OF THE BOARDS OF GOVERNORS Public Disclosure Authorized SUMMARY PROCEEDINGS Public Disclosure Authorized Washington, D.C. October 7-9, 2016 Public Disclosure Authorized THE WORLD BANK GROUP Headquarters 1818 H Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20433 U.S.A. Phone: (202) 473-1000 Fax: (202) 477-6391 Internet: www.worldbankgroup.org iii INTRODUCTORY NOTE The 2016 Annual Meetings of the Boards of Governors of the World Bank Group (Bank), which consist of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), International Development Association (IDA), the International Finance Corporation (IFC), International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), held jointly with the International Monetary Fund (Fund), took place on October 7, 2016 in Washington, D.C. The Honorable Mauricio Cárdenas, Governor of the Bank and Fund for Colombia, served as the Chairman. In Committee Meetings and the Plenary Session, a joint session with the Board of Governors of the International Monetary Fund, the Board considered and took action on reports and recommendations submitted by the Executive Directors, and on matters raised during the Meeting. These proceedings outline the work of the 70th Annual Meeting and the final decisions taken by the Board of Governors. They record, in alphabetical order by member countries, the texts of statements by Governors and the resolutions and reports adopted by the Boards of Governors of the World Bank Group. In addition, the Development Committee discussed the Forward Look – A Vision for the World Bank Group in 2030, and the Dynamic Formula – Report to Governors Annual Meetings 2016.
  • WC000 Cape Town Adopted Budget 2010-11

    WC000 Cape Town Adopted Budget 2010-11

    City of Cape Town 2010/11 Budget 2012/13 Capetonians proudly embraced the experience of hosting the 2010 FIFA World Cup Contents FOREWORD & INTRODUCTION List of figures and tables 2 Foreword by Executive Mayor Dan Plato 4 Foreward by Ald. Ian Neilson, Executve Deputy Mayor and Mayoral Committee Member for Finance 10 Part 1 Annual budget 12 1 Executive summary 14 2 Annual budget tables 16 Part 2 Supporting documentation 28 3 Overview of annual budget process 30 4 Overview of the City’s Integrated Development Plan (IDP) 32 BUDGET ANNUAL 5 Measurable performance objectives and indicators 34 6 Overview of budget-related policies 36 7 Overview of budget assumptions 38 8 Overview of budget funding 48 9 Expenditure on allocations and grant programmes 58 10 Allocations and grants made by the municipality 60 11 Monthly targets for revenue, expenditure and cash flow 62 12 Councillor and board member allowances and employee benefits 64 13 Annual budgets and Service Delivery and Budget Implementation Plans (SDBIPs) – internal departments 68 14 Contracts with future budgetary implications 69 15 Annual budgets and service delivery agreements (SDAs) – municipal entities 70 16 Reconciliation of IDP strategic objectives and capital budget 74 DOCUMENTATION SUPPORTING 17 Legislation compliance status 78 18 National Treasury directives 80 19 Capital expenditure details 84 20 Other supporting documents 88 Part 3 Other supporting documentation 90 21 List of terms and abbreviations 92 22 Budget-related charts 96 OTHER SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS SUPPORTING OTHER City
  • American Jewish Year Book

    American Jewish Year Book

    AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK A Record of Events iind Trends in American and World Jewish Life 1979 AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE AND JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA The 1979 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK, the seventy-ninth in the series, continues to offer a unique chronicle of developments in areas of concern to Jews throughout the world. The present volume features Professor Charles Liebman s "Leadership and Decision-making in a Jewish Federation." This in- depth study of the New York Fed- eration of Jewish Philanthropies provides important insights into the changing outlook of American Jews, and the impact this is having on Jewish communal priorities. Another feature is Professor Leon Shapiro's "Soviet Jewry Since the Death of Stalin," an authoritative overview of Jewish life in the So- viet Union during the past twenty- five years. Particularly noteworthy is Professor Shapiro's emphasis on religious life and cultural endeavors. The review of developments in the United States includes Milton Ellerin's "Intergroup Relations"; George Gruen's "The United States, Israel and the Middle East"; and Geraldine Rosenfield's "The Jewish Community Responds to (Continued on back flap) $15. American Jewish Year Book American Jewish Year Book 1 VOLUME 79 Prepared by THE AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE Editors MORRIS FINE MILTON HIMMELFARB Associate Editor DAVID SINGER THE AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE NEW YORK THE JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA PHILADELPHIA COPYRIGHT, 1978 BY THE AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE AND THE JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher: except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review to be printed in a magazine or newspaper.
  • The Sopranos Episode Guide Imdb

    The Sopranos Episode Guide Imdb

    The sopranos episode guide imdb Continue Season: 1 2 3 4 5 6 OR Year: 1999 2000 2001 2002 2004 2006 2007 Season: 1 2 3 4 5 6 OR Year: 1999 2000 2001 200102 200204 2006 2007 Season: 1 2 3 3 4 5 6 OR Year: 1999 2000 2001 2002 2004 2006 2007 Edit It's time for the annual ecclera and, as usual, Pauley is responsible for the 5 day affair. It's always been a money maker for Pauley - Tony's father, Johnny Soprano, had control over him before him - but a new parish priest believes that the $10,000 Poly contributes as the church's share is too low and believes $50,000 would be more appropriate. Pauley shies away from that figure, at least in part, he says, because his own spending is rising. One thing he does to save money to hire a second course of carnival rides, something that comes back to haunt him when one of the rides breaks down and people get injured. Pauley is also under a lot of stress after his doctor dislikes the results of his PSA test and is planning a biopsy. When Christopher's girlfriend Kelly tells him he is pregnant, he asks her to marry him. He is still struggling with his addiction however and falls off the wagon. Written by GaryKmkd Plot Summary: Add a Summary Certificate: See All The Certificates of the Parents' Guide: Add Content Advisory for Parents Edit Vic Noto plays one of the bikies from the Vipers group that Tony and Chris steal wine from.
  • Global Finance's Central Banker Report Cards 2021

    Global Finance's Central Banker Report Cards 2021

    Global Finance’s Central Banker Report Cards 2021 NEW YORK, September 1, 2021 — Global Finance magazine has released the names of Central Bank Governors who earned “A” or “A-” grades as part of its Central Banker Report Cards 2021. The full Central Banker Report Cards 2021 report and grade list will appear in Global Finance’s October print and digital editions and online at GFMag.com. The Central Banker Report Cards, published annually by Global Finance since 1994, grade the central bank governors of 101 key countries and territories including the European Union, the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank, the Bank of Central African States and the Central Bank of West African States. About Global Finance Grades are based on an “A” to “F” scale for success in areas such as inflation control, economic Global Finance, founded in growth goals, currency stability and interest rate management. (“A” represents an excellent 1987, has a circulation of performance down through “F” for outright failure.) Subjective criteria also apply. 50,000 and readers in 191 countries. Global Finance’s “With the pandemic still surging in many areas, and inflation emerging as a major area of audience includes senior concern once again, the world’s central bankers are confronting multiple challenges from corporate and financial multiple directions,” said Global Finance publisher and editorial director Joseph Giarraputo. officers responsible for making investment and strategic “Global Finance’s annual Central Banker Report Cards show which financial policy leaders are decisions at multinational succeeding in the face of adversity and which are falling behind.” companies and financial The Central Bankers earning an “A” grade in the Global Finance Central Banker Report Card institutions.
  • South Africa

    South Africa

    <*x>&&<>Q&$>ee$>Q4><><>&&i<>4><><i^^ South Africa UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA HE political tension of the previous three years in the Union of South TAfrica (see articles on South Africa in the AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK, Vols. 51, 52 and 53) broke, during the period under review, into a major constitutional crisis. A struggle began between the legislature and the judi- ciary over the "entrenched clauses" of the South Africa Act, which estab- lished the Union, and over the validity of a law passed last year by Daniel Francois Malan's Nationalist Government to restrict the franchise of "Col- ored" voters in Cape Province in contravention of these provisions. Simul- taneously, non-European (nonwhite) representative bodies started a passive resistance campaign against racially discriminatory legislation enacted by the present and previous South African governments. Resulting unsettled condi- tions in the country combined with world-wide economic trends to produce signs of economic contraction in the Union. The developing political and racial crisis brought foreign correspondents to report at first hand upon conditions in South Africa. Not all their reports were objective: some were characterized by exaggeration and distortion, and some by incorrect data. This applied particularly to charges of Nationalist anti-Semitism made in some reports. E. J. Horwitz, chairman of the South African Jewish Board of Deputies (central representative body of South Afri- can Jewry) in an interview published in Die Transvaler of May 16, 1952, specifically refuted as "devoid of all truth" allegations of such anti-Semitism, made on May 5, 1952, in the American news magazine Time.
  • Local Currency Bond Markets Conference South African Reserve Bank (SARB) Conference Centre, Pretoria, South Africa

    Local Currency Bond Markets Conference South African Reserve Bank (SARB) Conference Centre, Pretoria, South Africa

    Local Currency Bond Markets Conference South African Reserve Bank (SARB) Conference Centre, Pretoria, South Africa Thursday, 8 March 2018 Venue: SARB Conference Centre Auditorium 11.00 – 12.00 Registration 12.00 – 13.00 Finger lunch Programme Director: Mr Nimrod Lidovho, SARB 13.00 – 13.15 Welcome address by Governor Lesetja Kganyago, SARB 13.15 – 13.45 Opening remarks "Facing up to the original sin - The German experience of establishing a local currency bond market" by Andreas Dombret, Board Member, Deutsche Bundesbank 13.45 – 14.30 Keynote “Local currency markets – the case of a development bank” Joachim Nagel, Member of the Executive Board, KfW 14.30 – 14.45 Coffee break 14.45 – 15.30 “African growth and prosperity: the important role of local currency bond markets” by Stacie Warden, Executive Director, Center for Financial Markets, Milken Institute 15.30 – 16.15 Expert speech “Challenges of development of LCBM in emerging markets” Leon Myburgh, SARB 16.15 – 17.15 Bilateral talk “CWA: Development of financial markets in Africa” moderated by Deputy Governor Daniel Mminele, SARB Dondo Mogajane and Ludger Schuknecht, co-chairs of G-20 Africa Advisory Group, ZAF/GER Venue: SARB Conference Centre Banqueting Room 18.00 – 21.00 Conference dinner 18.00 – 18.20 Dinner remarks by Deputy Governor Daniel Mminele, SARB Friday, 9 March 2018 Venue: SARB Conference Centre Auditorium Programme Director: Mr Martin Dinkelborg, Deutsche Bundesbank 9.00 – 10.30 Panel discussion “The role of central banks in establishing primary markets” moderated by Zafar
  • How Society Subsidizes Big Food and Poor Health Invited Commentary

    How Society Subsidizes Big Food and Poor Health Invited Commentary

    How Society Subsidizes Big Food and Poor Health Invited Commentary Invited Commentary How Society Subsidizes Big Food and Poor Health Raj Patel, PhD Approximately 80% of calories eaten in the United States are Farmer debt has increased since the farm crisis of the mid- grown domestically.1 Yet, the US diet is a leading cause of mor- 1980s. Subsidies are vital for highly indebted farmers to pay bidity. The analysis by Siegel et al2 in this issue of JAMA Internal their creditors. Not all farmers benefit from government sup- Medicine suggests that through commodity subsidies that encour- port: previous Farm Bills have supported approximately 40% age poor diet we are, in part, paying for our own demise. of US farmers, with the rest being ineligible for subsidy. Al- However, commodity subsidies are a small part of a big- though some among the beneficiaries are larger-scale enter- ger problem. From 2014 to 2023, the 2014 US Farm Bill will cost prises, many are not. Yanking away the income on which many $956 billion (letter from D. W. Elmendorf to Frank D. Lucas, depend will do little to help and may cause harm. chair of the House Commit- Our food policies must also take farmworkers into ac- tee on Agriculture; http: count. Agricultural laborers earn a mean annual salary of Related article //www.cbo.gov/sites/default $19 300 in the United States.4 Farmworkers in the United States /files/cbofiles/attachments are not covered by the 1935 National Labor Relations Act (Na- /hr2642LucasLtr.pdf), of which direct support for commodity tional Labor Relations Act of 1935.
  • The Perpetual Motion Machine: National Co-Ordinating Structures and Strategies Addressing Gender-Based Violence in South Africa

    The Perpetual Motion Machine: National Co-Ordinating Structures and Strategies Addressing Gender-Based Violence in South Africa

    THE PERPETUAL MOTION MACHINE: NATIONAL CO-ORDINATING STRUCTURES AND STRATEGIES ADDRESSING GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE IN SOUTH AFRICA A MISTRA WORKING PAPER 11 August 2021 Lisa Vetten Lisa Vetten is a research/project consultant in the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Johannesburg and a research associate of the Southern Centre for Inequality Studies based at the University of the Witwatersrand. Her work on gendered forms of violence has ranged across the NGO sector, academia and the bureaucracy, and has encompassed counselling, research and policy development. Abstract Violence, and the ways it is gendered, have long constituted a serious problem in South Africa. In 2000, Cabinet set up the first coordinating structure tasked with developing a plan to combat this violence, and, since 2011, there has been an expanding apparatus of structures, institutions and processes around GBV. They have, however, been founded in a set of generic – even formulaic – prescriptions that ignore the current state of the South African state. As such, the many plans and structures that constitute the machinery to address GBV are characterised by hasty, ad hoc institutional design, unaccountability and wasted endeavour. Contrasting with these managerial processes, are the anger and grief experienced by the many individuals whose lives are affected by GBV. While this has manifested in the proliferation of popular protest by women’s organisations and other formations demanding action from the state, it has not resulted in a disruption to the myriad processes and institutions that constitute the governance machinery surrounding GBV. Struggles between women within the sector have instead resulted in a politics of bad blood which, while not the sum total of the sector’s politics, works in ways that are powerfully divisive.