1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 551 fl.cations for electors in Federal elections; By Mr. CURTIN: By Mr. POWELL: to the Committee on the Judiciary. H .R. 9772. A bill for the relief of Almerinda H.R. 9787. A bill for the relief of William By Mr. JOELSON: Tedesco Bernardo, Adelia Bernai;:do, and O'Connor Swainson; to the Committee on H.J. Res. 601. Joint resolution proposing Grace Bernardo; to the Committee on the the Judiciary. an amendment to the Constitution of the Judiciary. H.R. 9788. A bill for the relief of Wesley United States to abolish tax and property By Mr. DOOLEY: McL. Stephenson; to the Committee on the qualifications for electors in Federal elec­ H.R. 9773. A bill for the relief of Rosina Judiciary. tions; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Carpanzano; to .the Committee on .the Judi­ H.R. 9789. A bill for the relief of Victoria. By Mr. MOELLER: ciary. ~ Ingrid Cobb; to the Committee on the Ju­ H.J. Res. 602. Joint resolution proposing H.R. 9774. A bill for the relief of Chin Dhul diciary. an amendment to the Constitution of the Yon; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. PRICE: United $tates; to the Committee on the By Mr. HAGAN of Georgia: H.R. 9790. A bill for the relief of Anasta­ Judiciary. H.R. 9775. A bill fpr the relief of Nihat Ali soula E. Tryfona (Anastasia Efstathios Tri­ By Mr. MILLS: Ucuncu; to the Committee on the Judiciary. fonas); to the Committee on the Judiciary. H. Res. 509. Resolution providing addi­ By Mr. KEITH: By Mr. PUCINSKI: tional employees for the Committee on Ways H .R. 9776. A bill for the relief of Branco da H.R. 9791. A bill for the relief of Helena and Means; to the Committee on House Ad­ Gloria Franco Freitas; to the Committee on Rams; to the Committee on the Judiciary. ministration. the Judiciary. H .R. 9792. A bill for the relief of Matilde By Mr. POWELL: By Mr. KITCHIN: Moretti; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. TEAGUE of California: H. Res. 510. Resolution authorizing the H.R. 9777. A bill to amend Private Law printing of additional copies of part I of H.R. 979,3. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Giu­ 87-197; to the Committee on the Judiciary. seppa D'Aquanno, Maria D'Aquanno, and the hearings held before the Committee on By Mr.KNOX: Education and Labor on the impact of im­ Benedicto D'Aquanno; to the Committee on H.R. 9778. A bill to provide for the free the Judiciary. ports and exports; to the Committee on entry of certain steel and steel products do­ House Admi;nistration. By Mr. TOLL (by request): nated for an addition to the Chippewa Coun­ H.R. 9794. A b111 for the relief of Mrs. By Mr. RAINS: ty War Memorial Hospital, Sault Ste. Marie, H. Res. 511. Resolution to designate, name, Angelina Cardellina; to the Committee on Mich.; to the Committee on Ways and the Judiciary. and identify the House Office Buildings as Means. By Mr. TOLLEFSON: the Joseph Gurney Cannon, the James Knox By Mr. LESINSKI: Polk, and the Sam Rayburn Buildings; to H.R. 9795. A b111 for the relief of H. S. H .R. 9779. A bill for the relief of Teofila (John) Chelico; to the Committee on the the Committee on Public Works. Bernecki; to the Committee on the Judi­ By Mr. ROUDEBUSH: Judiciary. ciary. By Mr. MORRIS K. UDALL: H. Res. 512. Resolution to authorize the By Mr. McFALL: H.R. 9796. A bill to grant reserved mineral Committee on Foreign Affairs to conduct an H.R. 9780. A bill for the relief of Mrs. rights in certain lands in the county of investigation and study of the policymaking Irene Ruelan; to the Committee on the Ju­ Pima, in the State of Arizona, to the present procedures, methods of assessing foreign diciary. owners of these lands; to the Committee on developments, and personnel practices of H.R. 9781. A bill for the relief of Claude Interior and Insular Affairs. the Department of State; to the Committee A. Bangs; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 9797. A b111 for the relief of Mrs. on Rules. By Mr. CLEM MILLER: Yvonne Marie Marks; to the Committee on By Mr. WALTER: H.R. 9782. A bill for the relief of Col. A. the Judiciary. H. Res. 513. Resolution to authorize the A. Watson; to the Committee on the Ju­ By Mr. UTT: expenditure of certain funds for the ex­ diciary. H.R. 9798. A bill for the relief of Faud penses of the Committee on Un-American H.R. 9783. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Anton Salman; to the Committee on the Activities; to the Committee on House Ad­ Angelo Jarosin; to the Committee on the Judiciary. ministration. Judiciary. By Mr. WILLIS: By Mr. MONAGAN: H.R. 9799. A bill for the relief of Juliet H.R. 9784. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Martinez and Danny Martinez Trahan; to PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Gertrude Reskin; to the Committee on the the Committee on the Judiciary. Judiciary. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private H.R. 9785. A bill for the relief of Kenneth bills and resolutions were introduced and · L. Ostrander; to the Committee on the Ju­ PETITIONS, ETC. severally referred as follows: diciary. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, By Mr. COLLIER: By Mr. OSMERS: 225. Mr. CUNNINGHAM presented a peti­ H.R. 9771. A bill for the relief of Christos H.R. 9786. A bill for the relief of Yaakov tion of 1,005 persons in 16 States calling for Dimitrakopoulos; to the Committ~e on the Shulmeister; to the Committee on the Ju­ an end to the Red mail subsidy; to the Judiciary. diciary. Committee on Post Office and Civil Service.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

United Nations Bonds I speak not as someone who has opposed ever, this is not true with special assess~ · the United Nations, but as a House Mem­ ments of this type. Therefore, there is EXTENSION OF REMARKS ber who has voted for every appropria­ no penalty whatsoever for failure to pay. OF tion for the United Nations tha.t has come Now let us see what has happened. before the House of Representatives in Of the $48,500,000 assessment levied for HON. JOHN F. BALDWIN, JR .. the 8 years I have been her~. 1960, only $25,651,017.75 had been paid OF CALIFORNIA Let us analyze why this United Nations as of December 31, 1961. Of this sum, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVF.'3 bond issue has become necessary. It has the United States had paid its full as­ arisen out of the operation of the United sessment of $15,745,211, or three-fifths of Thursday, January 18, 1962 Nations military police force in the Con­ the total paid by all nations. Sixty-four Mr. BALDWIN. Mr. Speaker, last go. This U.N. police force was author- nations never paid a dime. The sitt&ation Thursday President Kennedy delivered 1zed by vote of the membership of the with the 1961 assessment of $100 million his state of the Union message to Con­ United Nations. It was determined that is even worse. Of this amount, only gress. One of the recommendations assessments should be levied against all $49,275,727.60 had been paid as of De­ made by the President was that Congress U.N members to pay the cost of this cember 31, 1961. Of this sum, the United should pass legislation authorizing the military police force. Assessments total­ States had paid its full assessment of United States to purchase $100 million of ing $48,500,000 were levied in 1960 and $32,204,061, or two-thirds of the total a pending United Nations bond issue. assessments totaling $100, million were paid by all nations. Seventy-eight na­ This is a highly controversial proposal. levied in 1961 up to October 31. How­ tions never paid a cent. I have devoted considerable study to ever, the United Nations has no means The United Nations deficit on this this proposal, and I cannot convince my­ o{ enforcing the payment of such assess­ Congo operation was increasing so · self to vote for the purchase of these ments. If a U.N. member fails to pay its rapidly last year-1961-that President United Nations bonds. I might say that basic dues, it loses its right to vote. How- Kennedy submitted a recommendation 552 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 18 to Congress last swnmer that we ap­ be indirectly subsidizing Soviet Russia by Moslem expansion. The Hungarian people indirectly loaning her money at 2 per­ fought to free themselevs from Ottoman rule propriate an additional voluntary sum only to find themselves under Austrian of $15,305,596, above our assessment of cent interest which our country has to domination. $32,204,061, to keep the United Nations itself obtain by borrowing at more than Therefore, the revolution of March 1848 solvent. Your Representative reluctant­ 3 percent interest. I do not see any valid which attempted to throw off the yoke of ly voted for it, because I felt that we reason why we should be such a Santa Austrian Hapsburg tyranny was a natural should not let the United Nations go into Claus. expression of the wishes of the people . . But For the above reasons, I plan to vote the Free Hungarian State which emerged was insolvency. short lived. Caught in a visor-like grip by However, this deficit on the Congo against the proposal that the United States buy $100 million in United Na­ advancing Russian and Austrian armies, operation has continued to mount. The Hungary was again subjected to rule by great United Nations has· now voted to launch tions bonds. powers. Twenty years later she won nation­ a $200 million bond issue to offset this alistic status by proclaiming a kingdom, still deficit. The bonds would bear 2-percent under the Austrian Empire, but at least hav­ interest and would be repaid in 20 years. Hungarian Freedom Fight Rally ing partial autonomy. President Kennedy has recommended The spirit of the 1848 revolution was never EXTENSION OF REMARKS crushed. The initial movement 5 years ago that Congress authorize the United began at the foot of the poet-hero of 1848, States to purchase one-half or $100 mil­ OF Sandor Petofi. His words had inspired a lion of these bonds. This means that the surge for freedom in 1848; his statue in 1956 United States is being asked to pay, for HON. HERMAN TOLL· was to do the same thing, to act as a catalyst the United Nations Congo operation, not oF PENNSYLVANIA to the Hungarian freedom fighters. There only our original 32-percent assessment IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES were many heroes, too, in this struggle. Pal plus our voluntary additional contribu- Thursday, January !8, 1962 Maleter, a commanding officer and inspira­ tion of $15,305,596, but an additional tion to the freedom fighters, a member of sum of $100 million to buy U.N. bonds Mr. TOLL. Mr. Speaker; the heroic the Imre Nagy Cabinet, fought so bravely made necessary by the Congo deficit. struggle of the Hungarian people in 1956 only to be treacherously abducted by the Russians during truce talks with the Rus­ And who were the majority of nations to throw off the yoke of international sians. Cardinal Mindszenty, the prelate of that voted in the United Nations to is- communism captured the sympathy and the church, who had defied from the begin­ sue these bonds, hoping ,_that the United admiration of free people throughout the ning the Communist leaders. Although kept States would buy them? They are the world. in prison until he was released during the nations who themselves have not con- The Philadelphia Chapter of the revolt, his presence was continually felt in tributed a dime toward the Congo American Hungarian Federation, desir­ Hungary. His freedom was short lived. operation. ing to commemorate the bravery and Suspecting treachery he fled to the American Embassy in Budapest for refuge. And he ls It seems to me that Congress should spirit of independence of these unfor­ still there, unable to leave, at least savoring not allow this course of action to con- gettable people, held a Freedom Memo­ some freedom, the little left to him by the tinue any further. If we always step rial Rally on the fifth anniversary of the Communists who patrol tb.e Embassy waiting forward to pay all United Nations defi- historical eve~t. !he rally took pl.ace in to take him into -custody should he ever step cits, no other nation will feel any Flan.agan :Auditor~um of St. Joseph s C?ol­ foot from his American sanctuary. necessity of paying any special assess- lege m Philadelphia on Saturday evenmg, The free world rejoicPd to hear the news ment. It seems to me the United Sta~es . October 21, 1961. which flowed from strife-torn Hungary on the 23d of October; and for the next 8 days, should meet this situation head on and Bela H. Backskai was the master of when the revolution appeared to have suc­ insist that the· United Nations Charter ceremonies, and Dr. Leslie E. Konkoly, ceeded. The treachery of the Soviet Gov­ be ·changed so that if a nation does not president of the chapter, welcomed the ernment on November } stunned once more pay a special assessment, that nation audience. The Ho~orable Joseph Ko­ the hopeful well-wishers. Four days later, will lose its right to 'vote. We will never vago, mayor of the city of Budapest dur­ Soviet tanks and guns had won the battle for solve this problem by "picking up the ing those gforious days of freedom in Budapest. The city lay broken on the bank check" every time there is a deficit. 1956, was th'e speaker in the Hungarian of the Danube, a reminder to the world that You might be interested in the major language. .It was also my to Russian superior force shows no mercy. p~ivilege Over 120,000 refugees managed to escape to nations that have refused to pay their spea:k at t~is memorable occasion, and I Austria, afraid to stay and live under an­ assessments for the Congo operation. am mcludmg my remarks below. archy. Behind them lay 25,000 dead, with Soviet Russia is the biggest offender. Its FIGHT FOR FREEDOM countless thousands of their young com­ unpaid assessments for 1960 and through I find myself this evening deeply honored rades shipped to Russia in cattle cars, slave October 31, 1961, amount to $20,088,253, to be able to share so glorious a moment laborers in an age where slavery is regarded upon which it has not paid a nickel. as a memorial tribute to the Hungarian peo­ as a thing of the past. This unpaid assessment is twice as large ple who fought so heroically 5 years ago. These refugees left behind them, too, a as that of any other nation. None of the When the free world first heard the news reminder to the conquerer: 7,000 Russians other Communist bloc nations have that the Hungarian people were in revolt dead, over 300 tanks destroyed with home­ against their Communist oppressors, it ex- made bombs and mines, a spirit unextin­ . made any payments on these Congo perienced an overwhelming feeling of joy guished, waiting to burst once again into a assessments. In addition, Belgium, and optimism. ',l'he Iron Curtain was being raging fire. France, Italy, Nationalist China, and torn asunder at last. Once more we felt Some of these refugees are with us to­ other nations also have not paid their that the people of the Russian satellite night. They can tell you of their heroic assessments because they did not ap- countries could enjoy the freedoms which fight much better than I am able to do so. prove of the actions of the United Na- we here so cherish. October 23, 1956, And they can tell you of their continued de­ tions police force in the Congo. the day when the Hungarian revolt began, termination to free their homeland from was the day we heard that fateful news. Russian imperialism. The U.S. Government It seems to me that if the United It will be remembered by our generation. has sped thousands of the freedom fighters States were to buy $100 million of U.N. This day must also be instilled into the to these shores, to give them a chance to bonds to make up this Congo deficit, we minds of succeeding generations, never to be live again under democracy. Many had rel­ would indirectly be making a loan of · forgotten. This day must be preserved even atives or friends waiting for them, to help $20,088,253 to Soviet ·Russia at a sub- after the Hungarian people have won their them start a new life again. They have be­ sidized interest rate. This is because freedom to worship, their freedom to speak, come a part of American society-laborers, we would be making up a deficit caused their freedom to vote. October 23 should students, teachers, technicians, doctors. in part by the failure of Soviet Russia to pass into history as Freedom Day, a day when They have joined their counterparts, those pay its $20,088,2 3 assessment. In addi- an free persons should give thanks for being Americans of Hungarian origin who have 5 allowed to share in the special privileges helped to make the United States the great tion, we would be buying U.N. bonds permitted by freedom. Nation she is. paying only 2 percent interest, but to The Hungarian people have always fought There was Janos Xantus, who traveled into raise the funds to buy these bonds the valiantly and courageously for their home­ ·the unknowii West of last century to help ex­ United States would have to increase land. It was they who were able to stem plore the Kansas frontier and southern Cali­ our . national debt as we are currently the tide of the Tartar hoard from overrun­ fornia. Angelo Hellprin contributed much operating at a deficit. The United States ning Western Europe. With their aid, al- to advance the prestige of the United States though Hungary had become a part of the in regard to the polar regions with his has to pay over 3 percent in interest on ottoman Empire, the combined western Eu­ studies on geology and paleontology. Then our national debt. Therefore, we would ropean forces were able to stop the westward there was Joseph Pulitzer, whose name is 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 553 synonomous with great journalism and liter­ been extinguished. She has expressed to the merely restrained the aggressor nations for ature. The theater has also experienced world the sentiments and the will of the that moment, and that moment alone. Hungarian talents-Ferenc Molnar, creator Hungarian people as well as those of the In the brief 16-year history of the Annis­ of "Liliom"; Adolph Zukov and William Fox, free people of the world on the final outcome tlce Day celebration-from its inception in movie moguls; and Paul Lukus, an actor of of their struggle against despotism and 1938, until its demise in 1954, we as a people, rare stature. Bela Bartok, noted composer, slavery, when she proclaimed: "My country were required to send off our sons to par­ made his home here and died here. Eugene will yet be free." ticipate in two more grueling global con­ Ormandy, with his Philadelphia orchestra, flicts: World War II and the so-called Kore­ has been seen and heard around the world by an police action. appreciative audiences. David Lilienthal, For this reason, we came to see that the prominent in public affairs, guided the Gov­ hopeful significance of Armistice Day was ernment's undertaking in the Tennessee Val­ Veterans Day Dinner Sponsored by Bar­ lost. ley Authority and the Atomic Energy Com­ racks No. 2191, Veterans of World War We therefore sought to establish a new mission. symbol, Veterans' Day, upon which we placed Those remaining in Hungary did not give I of the United States of America, renewed hope, that peace through strength up resistance alt hough the major fighting Scranton, Pa., November 11, 1961 might be established, once and for all. had been completed. Guerrilla bands, But let us return, for a moment, to the abetted by farmers, continu&i to harass So­ spirit of Armistice Day, since that after all, viet troops. Factory and mine workers EXTENSION OF REMARKS is the basis of the Veterans' Day tradition. struck, disabling the industry of the Com­ OF I would like to point out that much of the munist regime. Many continued to be ar­ Armistice Day spirit lives on under the ban­ rested and executed for his resistance. But HON. JAMES E. VAN ZANDT ner of Veterans' Day. with 50,000 to 80,000 Russian troops still OF PENNSYLVANIA All that has happened is that names such as Belleau Wood, the Marne, and Flanders patrolllng and protecting their puppet re­ _, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gime, armed with the latest destructive Field, are now combined with other names, weapons, most resistance has become passive, Thursday, January 18, 1962 equally as glorious, such as Corregidor, Oki­ rather than overt. nawa, Anzio, and Pork Chop Hill. The free world had attempted to aid in Mr. VAN ZANDT. Mr. Speakm-, the . So far as individual glory is concerned, the fight by bringing the crisis to the U.N. first Veterans Day dinner in the history nothing shall ever detract from the luster of This august body, sabotaged time and again of Scranton Barracks No. 2191, Veterans those who turned the tide in France in 1918. by the Russians, had been appealed to by the of World War I of the United States of Wars may come and wars may go, but that freedom fighters. One of the last messages America, was held November 11, 1961, event, the rout of the mighty German Army to come from Radio Csokonyai called on at the Koch-Conley American Legion by raw American troops, shall stand forever Radio Free Europe in Munich to relay a as one of the most remarkable achievements Post in Scranton, Pa. in military history. message to the U.N. In this message, the During the interesting program it was people of Hungary appealed to the U.N. to In this regard, as you know, there is deter­ decide the life or death of their nation. my privilege to deliver the following mination in the effort to increase congres­ "While your sons are at peace and happy, address: sional interest in the proposal to pension we sons of the Hungarian n ation are falling ADDRESS BY REPRESENTATIVE JAMES E. VAN the heroes of that occasion, the veterans of World War I. under the cruel firing of Soviet tanks and ZANDT, MEMBER OF CONGRESS, 20TH DIS­ As a Member of Congress who has spear­ bombers. Our country has been attacked by TRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA, AT THE VETERANS armed forces from the outside. We ·turn DAY DINNER SPONSORED BY BARRACKS No. headed the effort to secure approval of World to you, for you are our last citadel of 2191, VETERANS OF WORLD WAR I OP THE War I pension legislation, it is my intention hope• • •." UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, !NC., SCRANTON, to continue my efforts to achieve our goal. U.N. troops were urged to be sent to Hun­ On each observance of November 11 World PA., ON NOVEMBER 11, 1961 War I veterans recall their service in that gary. · The Russians were told to withdraw It is a great pleasure to join with the great conflict. their forces. But each move by the United members of Scranton Barracks No. 2191, Yet, aside from the courage displayed, States and the other free nations was blocked Veterans of World War I of the United States what must we remember as the foremost by the Soviet Union in that world body. of America, Inc., at their first dinner to be features of World War I? The Russian veto was all powerful. An ap­ held on November 11. What, in fact, was the legacy it left to peal to send U.N. observers into Hungary It ls also pleasing to observe that Scran­ mankind? was denied. Even today, Sir Leslie Munro ton Barracks has invited all veterans, their In the Inilitary sense, World War I pro­ ls stlll active In his Investigation of the wives and friends, to join in commemorating duced numerous mechanical and technolog­ Hungarian crisis 5 years ago. He is still Veterans Day, an occasion on which every ical innovations. being denied access to Hungary. By an over­ American ls inclined to feel a little more whelming majority, a resolution of condem­ Aerial bombardment for one, poison gas humble and at the same time more con­ for another, tank warfare, and above all, the nation of the Soviet Union was passed, scious of the debt owed to those who have machlnegun. branding the Soviet Union forever as butch­ defended Old Glory in every war in which ers and annihilators of freedom. These were deadly mllitary developments, this Nation has been engaged. all of which appeared, for the moment, cer­ By this condemnation, too, the free world The traditions surrounding Veterans knows the sacrifice made by the Hungarian tain to turn the tide of battle in favor of Day; namely, pride in American courage in one side or the other. people. The free world knows of the de­ battle and the search for peace through portations of its young people to Russia, of As it ultimately worked out, however, strength, are accorded high standing in none of these developments proved a crucial its massacred workers, of its slain freedom virtually every American home. fighters. And the free world knows that addition to the fighting capacity of either this sacrifice was not in vain. The Russian Personally, I revere these traditions with side. ~ . leaders can no longer claim inviolability as such fervor that the honor of addressing In the final analysis it was plain old man­ being a noncolonial power. Those nations you on this occasion ls one that impresses power, personal heroism, and spiritual who are attempting to aline themselves with and inspires me. strength that decided the issue. neither power bloc need only be reminded of Those of us who are veterans of World So it has been since the dawn of history. that infamous Russian attack in November War I are well aware of the relationship Over and over again, military innovations 1956 to proceed with caution and distrust between this occasion and that great con­ have appeared upon the scene to frighten toward the Soviet Union and its overtures. flict. and flabbergast the enemy of those who The tragedy of Hungary pounded home once Veterans Day was established by Congress possess them. more the savageness and cruelty of com­ in 1954, to take the place of Armistice Day, Yet what have they amounted to in the munism. an outgrowth of World War I. long run? Hungary wlll one day experience those The establishment of Veterans' Day does In general, it is safe to say, that they liberties which you are now enjoying to­ not mean that the current American gener­ have provided no more than a temporary night. The people wlll be able to speak out ation is inclined to belittle the importance advantage. against Soviet tyranny as I am doing now. of World War I. For faced with new weapons of destruction, The Iron Curtain will shatter completely one On the contrary, Americans continue to the freedom-loving people of the world have day, never to be built again. There will no respect and to honor the gallant American constantly effected countermeasures to longer be barbed wire borders as there are Expeditionary Forces of 1917-18 affection.. equalize the military situation, thereby en­ now on the Austro-Hungarian border and in ately referred to as the AEF. abling themselves to go on to victory, on the Berlin. We shall be able to walk freely What has been done ls merely to recog­ strength of moral principle. through these barriers as if they never ex­ nize that the armistice on November 11, Notice, if you will, what has happened isted. Until that day, though, we must be 1918, terminating World War I, the so-called to the great military aggressors of the past. • like Anna Kethly, the only member of the war to ~ end all wars, turned out to be some­ How do they stand in the world today, or free Hungarian Cabinet to escape to the thing else again. in the eyes of history? West. She has not given up hope. She It developed that instead of ending inter­ And what did they achieve as the result knows that the flame of freedom has not national conflict, the 1918 armistice had of their military innovations? 554 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 1.8 The Bible makes mention of the Hittites, In World War II the people of England · chorus, the whole world knows at once how a fierce tribe of desert fighters operating out were subjected to the horror of constant we feel, and proceeds to act accordingly. of Turkey. bombing, until at last, with American aid, An outstanding feature of the Communist Egyptian records tell of them also, describ­ the Luftwaffe was driven from the British creed is that of loyalty to their peculiar ing their entrance into Egypt upon armored skies. designs. chariots, riding down the Egyptian forces, Yet in all these instances, there was a That is a fact and we must give the devil who knew nothing of chariots or how to moment, and sometimes a dreadfully long his due. cope with them. moment, when the freedom-loving people Under the circumstances, is it safe for us What else do we know of the Hittites? involved were required to undergo untold to underplay our own source of loyalty to Well, their rulers wrote autobiographies, sacrifice, until at last they were delivered our own set of principles? which our scholars have read. from the jaws of aggression. What sort of picture would we present in They tell of only one thing: military In the meantime they were required to the eyes of our Western allies, not to men­ conquest. hang on in the hope of success-with all tion the so-called neutrals of the world, if By 200 B.C. however, at the height of the the signs pointing to failure. we allowed the Communists to beat their Egyptian empire, the Hittites were no more. It is in this respect in which the cause of drum with vigor, while we stood idly by To them goes one honor, if you would call freedom holds an everlasting advantage, one taking our nationalism for granted? it that. that is yet to be overcome by any military Would that not suggest to them that we They introduced the war chariot. innovation yet conceived. were listless and indifferent? No music, no statesmanship, no art. It is the knowledge that every assault on Would it not lead them to conclude that Just chariots. freedom is a step in the direction of cor­ the Communists were more alive to the In the end it was the Egyptians who rose ruption, that to be free and to promote the moment, and therefore, more worthy of to pow.er, and the Hittites who passed, un­ freedom of others, is to defy corruption. cooperation? honored, from the political and social scene. On this knowledge our Nation was founded Not, of course, if the neutrals recognized When Athens and Sparta, the Greek city­ almost two centuries ago. the basic fallacy of communism in contrast states came into existence, the first to at­ On this knowledge it has flourished ever to the basic wisdom of the American con­ tract the notice of the world was Sparta, since. cept of liberty and freedom. founded upon military might. Specifically, it was this• knowledge that Yet all we know of Sparta today is what brought us here today to .honor the men But many of the neutral nations have not we are told by the Athenians, whom Sparta who, in the name of freedom, marched to yet arrived at these realizations and it is defeated in battle. the cannon's mouth, never to return. therefore necessary to appeal to them con­ Militarily strong, the Spartans showed In this regard it is perfectly clear how we, stantly, in terms they do understand. strength in no other respect, and conse­ as veterans, can best uphold the traditions One of these terms unquestionably, is a quently lost their power about as rapidly for which the fighting men of America have vocal patriotism on our part, as a portrayal as they secured it in the first place. risked and so often, given their lives. of American faith in American institutions. What the freedom-loving nations of the Ours is the responsibility of promoting the To my way of thinking Veterans Day world were finding out was that they too cause of loyalty to American traditions, of stands forth as a symbol of American zeal, could utilize the machinery of war, the same hailing American achievement, proclaiming of American love for principle, and for that as their aggressive neighbor states. our love and respect for American goals. reason is deserving of the utmost attention. Until then, regardless of their talents, In discharging our responsibility we will For that reason it is a pleasure to come they were powerless to defend themselves. receive the full-fledged support of the great to Scranton and to have been able to join Knowledge breeds knowledge, however, ma.ss of the American people who agree with you in expressing respect for American he­ and through the study of literature, science, this point of view. roes of all our qountry•s wars. and religion, the freedom-loving peoples of Leadership, however, is needed and I can Their deeds shall live forever -in the the world were able to conceive means by think of no group of men in this Nation American heart, their-faith shall stand for­ which to defend themselves. more suitable to the task of leadership. than ever as the basis, the foundation, and the This, then, was the answer to the military . yourselves. fulfillment of the great American dream, aggressors: that for ev~ry diabolical weapon As veterans of one of the greatest military · "One Nation under God, indivisible, with they conceived, their enemies. could con­ undertakings in American history you faced liberty and justice to all." ceive a counterweapon or a practical means the danger and discomfort of military life of defense. to insure the safety of our cherished prin- When Rome perfected army organization, ciples. and thereby was able to subjugate all of Now, no less than. in 1917-18 those prin- I · M · f D Th D J southern Europe, her enemies were for a ciples need protection, and who, more than n emoriam O r. omas oo ey on time at a loss to cope with the situation. yourselves, knows 'how to provide protection the Anniversary of His Death But then came the era of the battleax, of this nattire? the atomic bomb of its day. In the face of Communist propaganda we Mastering its use the barbarians of cen­ must respond with proof to the world that EXTENSION OF REMARKS tral Europe fell upon the Roman legions, our concept of liberty and freedom is more OF drove them back to the confines of Rome than just a kind of political ballyhoo. and ultimately overran them. It is shocking to listen to the repeated HON. HUGH L. CAREY To offset the battleax the longbow was declarations of the so-called neutral nations, OF NEW YORK invented. suggesting that the cold war is merely a IN THE .HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES To overcome the longbow gunpowder was struggle between two big bruisers of equally invented, and so on, each invention more wicked nature. Thursday, January 18, 1962 terrible than its predecessor. Apparently they regard the cold war strug- Mr. CAREY. Mr. Speaker, today is With the passage of time the machines gle as something they can view from above, the first anniversary of the death of Dr·. of war have improved so much as to revo­ as if riding in an aerial balloon. lutionize military thinking and even, to a Yet we know well enough that many who Tom Dooley, the story of whose life and certain extent, the thinking of everyone. have sought to remain above the struggle, sacrifice is one of the ft.nest chapters in Our own Civil War for instance saw the have ultimately fallen beneath it, and we our Nation's history. Anyone who might end of one military era and the beginning therefore must somehow, in some way, con- doubt that this generation is equal to the of another. vey this message to the so-called neutral challenge of our times will do well to In this war you will recall, the "stand up nations. read . the ,work of James Monahan, ":Be- and fight" method was employed by both one way is to make clear the fact that fore I Sleep: the Last :p~ys of Dr. sides in the early battles, with comparative Americans stand united in their deep faith Dooley." The proceeds from this work safety. in God and in their respect for the human At that point the soldiers involved were dignity of mankind-that regardless o! poli- have been signed to M.edico, Inc., for armed with muskets, unable to hit anything tics, of race, color, or national origin, we the continuation and support of the with accuracy beyond a comparatively close are a unit in approving the ideals expressed w"ork to which Tom Dooley devoted distance. in the Constitution and the Decla~ation of the last years of his ltfe. The re­ But midway in the war the rifle appeared, Independence. quiescat from that work describes the aim was perfected, and the death toll tripled Have no doubt the wor_Iq will know that _ se_rmon ·of Father George Gottwald and overnight. we feel this way if only we speak out. his quotation from Robert Frost's poem It was then that the "stand up and fight" I have heard it cynically remarked, that entitled "Stopping by Woods on a method disappeared forever from infantry while the whole world is watching the s E · ,, h. h T h procedure. United States, the United states is watching now! vemng, w IC om ad loved In World War I the machinegun surpassed television. and llved by: the rifle for the moment, as a means of de­ This, of course, is a gross overstatement. The woods are lovely, dark and deep, fensive warfare, until both sides learned to Yet in !act the whole world is watcl).ing But I have promises to keep, • deal with it in a less direct manner. us, and whenever we express ourselves in And miles to go before I sleep. /

1962 CONGRESSIONAl RECORO -HOUSE ·555 The promises of ·Dr. Dooley are ful­ The practice has been followed since, t6 consider raising· the postage rate for filled, said Father Gottwald. Dr. Dooley with one exception. _ Americans while the taxpayer has to fulfilled his promise,.-we have one to On the basis of information presently make up the deficit caused in part by the make and keep. This Nation has the available, I hold the opinion that the free delivery of Communist propaganda. capacity to bring better health and hope .proposed increases are feasible within · How can Congress raise postal rates for survival to the diseased, the im­ the framework of present highway trust without acting on the subsidy for Com­ poverished and unsheltered of any land fund revenue law, and are needed to munist propaganda? which joins us in the cause of freedom. maintain an adequate level of construc­ tion on the A-B-C systems. The Sub- - committee on Roads will schedule early hearings on the bill to bring together cur­ The Postal Rate Increase Federal Highway Construction rent information on the basis of which the necessary judgments can be made. EXTENSION OF REMARKS EXTENSION OF REMARKS The last quarterly report of the Bu­ OF OF reau of Public Roads shows that 11,252 miles of the Interstate · System were HON. RALPH F. BEERMANN HON. GEORGE H. FALLON open to traffic on September 30, with OF NEBRASKA OF :MARYLAND work underway on an additional 15,000 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES miles. As completed segments of the system are linked up, the Nation is be­ Thursday, January 18, 1962 Thursday, January 18, 1962 ginning to collect significant economic Mr. BEERMANN. · Mr. Speaker, in the Mr: FALLON. Mr. Speaker, I have dividends from the system, and these January 16 issue of the Washington Eve­ introduced today, for appropriate refer­ dividends will multiply as a truly con­ ning Star, I learn the administration has ence, a bill to authorize the apportion­ nected system of high-standard free­ asked for an increase of $10 billion in the ment of Federal-aid grants from the ways emerges. national debt limit, or an increase from highway trust fund for improvements to The continuing program of improve­ $298 billion to $308 billion. I believe the the Federal-aid primary, secondary, and ments to the A-B-C roads is dovetailed reason given for this increase is con­ urban systems for fiscal years 1964 and with the Interstate program. The A-B-C tained in a statement by Secretary of the 1965. roads must serve as connectors and Treasury Dillon who stated it would The highway systems referred to are feeders to the Interstate System, serv­ have to be made if we are to meet our those commonly known as the A-B-C ing farms, homes, offices, and factories. future obligations. highways, including approximately 230,- Since the start of the accelerated high­ On the other hand, I learn also that 000 miles of rural primary routes, 575,- way program on July 1, 1956, construc­ one of the first measures to be consid­ 000 miles of rural secondary routes, and tion projects costing approximately $8 ered by the House of Representatives is 35,000 miles of urban roads and streets. billion involving more than $4 billion in the postal rate bill, H.R. 7927, which is These roads extend into every county of Federal funds, have been completed on expected to bring postal receipts some­ the United States and affect the life of more than 125,000 project-miles of the where in line with postal expenditures. every citizen to a significant extent. A-B-C systems. It is indeed a novelty when this ad­ As js customary, this biennial A-B-C Substantial progress is being made to­ ministration comes to the Congress con­ bill also authorizes the appropriation of ward meeting the requirements of our cerned about a deficit. Those of us who funds ·from the general fund of the growing human and automobile popula­ through the years have advocated a bal­ Treasury for forest highways, for est de­ tions. Many lives have been saved be­ anced budget and an end to deficit velopment roads and trails, national cause of the engineered safety built into spending in Government might be ex­ parks roads and trails, national park­ modern roads. Travel has been made pected to take heart over administration ways, Indian reservation roads, and pub­ more convenient and speedier. Never­ support for H.R. 7927, to increase postal lic lands highways. theless, our national highway system rates. Last year, when the Highway Act of has serious deficiencies which must be However, I, for one, find little encour­ 1961 was under consideration, thought corrected. aging about this proposal. H.R. 7927 was given to a proposal that a schedule The purpose of the bill, simply stated, does not really advance the cause of fis­ of authorizations for the A-B-C high­ is to insure that the A-B-C program will cal responsibility in Government. In ways be enacted as a part of that legis­ go forward·. fact, its enactment would serve only to lation, to provide for annual authoriza­ blur the true issues involved in Govern­ tions through fiscal year 1971. The ment spending policies. Subcommittee on Roads was unanimous Ninety-four More Petitions To Stop the When all is said and done, this bill in the opinion that the custom of review­ Red Mail Subsidy would place still another burden on the ing the A-B-C program biennially American people and on a vital segment should continue to be a part of the au­ EXTENSION OF -REMARKS. of our economy. We are being asked to thorization process. Accordingly, the add to the spiral of rising costs and, in consideration of A-B-C · authorizations OF efiect, to write a death warrant for was deferred until 1962. HON. GLENN CUNNINGHAM scores of Amerkan newspapers and It is important that this review and OF NEBRASKA · magazines. consideration by the Subcommittee on IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES For make no mistake about it, the pro­ Roads be undertaken early in the ses­ posed increase for second-class users sion because, in order- to maintain the Thursday, January 18, 1962 contained in this bill was further deci­ continuity of the program and to pro­ Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, mate the ranks of American newspa­ vide ample opportunity for orderly plan­ each day I receive additional petitions pers and magazines. In the last decade ning, the apportionment for fiscal year calling for an end to the subsidy for alone, 80 magazines have closed shop, 1964 should be made this summer. Communist propaganda. Today I have not to mention the large number of As introduced, my bill provides for submitted 94 more petitions to the newspapers, dailies .and weeklies, which an authorization of $950 million for Speaker's desk for referral. have been shut down by rising costs. fiscal year 1964 and $975 million for These petitions are from the following · It would seem that instead of jeopar­ fiscal 1965, to be allocated among the · States-: California, Colorado, Florida, dizing the existence of our Nation's primary, secondary, and urban systems Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, newspapers and magazines, the admin­ and apportioned to the States in ac­ Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, istration and the Congress ought to be cordance with the statutory formulas. - Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas, Wash­ searching for ways to halt this decline. The policy for increasing the A-B-C au­ ington, and Wisconsin. These publications are a vital part of thorizations by annual increments of $25 . Mr. Speaker, people are. justified in our national heritage. They represent million was first recommended by the their concern over -this situation. It the lifeblood of American thought and House Public Works· Committee in 1956. just does not make sense for the Congress culture. 556 CONGRESSIONAL-.RE.CORD--=-: HOUSE January. -18 Yet the. administration appears to regimes, .whether they operate out of Moreover, it: is . questionable whether have singled out America's newspapers Moscow, Peiping, Warsaw, or Belgrade. the_ administration's proposed postal and magazines for its version of a "get Are we not then subsidizing our enemies' rate increase will accomplish its own tough" fiscal policy. attack upon us? , . , . purpose. Increased .rates will inevitably No matter that newspapers and maga­ Further, as my esteemed colleague, Mr. lead to the shar.p curtailment of the zines today are paying nearly twice what CUNNINGHAM, of Nebraska,· points out, distribution of print, even among .those they paid for postal service a decade ago. existing Post Office policy regarding dis­ publications which can survive the No matter that they are spending addi­ tribution of foreign Communist propa­ added costs. tional millions to relieve the Post Office ganda through the U.S. mails constitutes These survivors of the postal increase workload. What matters, says the ad­ an added subsidy for our enemy's propa­ will be able to stay in business only by ministration, is simply that there is a ganda arsenal. raising the price of their publication or postal deficit which must be eliminated. Through foreign aid we are paying for by increasing their .advertising rates. The posture is one of stern fiscal re­ the printing, and through postal policy In either case, there will be dropouts sponsibility, but the appearance is de­ we are paying for the distribution of which will · reduce ~ circulation, earning ceiving . . What is proposed by H.R. 7927 Communist propaganda. Indeed, if our power, and production of postal reve­ is not sound and balanced Government Government is to adopt a "get tough" nues.· financing, but discriminatory treatment fiscal approach to the printed word, it But aside from the economic aspect of American business and of a basic would seem that Communist propa­ of this issue, there is one vital matter of American institution-one protected by ganda, rather than our own free Ameri­ the educational and cultural contribu­ the first amendment of our Bill of Rights. can press, would be the proper place to tion made by newspapers and magazines I use the word "discriminatory" ad­ start. to the community and the Nation. visedly. It seems a paradox to me that But this line of reasoning, however ap­ From the early days of the Republic, this administration is urging Congress parent, does not conform to current ad­ we have sought to·encourage the growth to "get tough" with America's news­ ministration thinking. As I have said, of a free press through reasonable postal .papers and magazines, while we are be­ we seemingly operate on a double stand­ rates. There is no need to recite the ing asked simultaneously to offer up ad­ ard nowadays. important role newspapers and maga­ ditional funds for foreign aid recipients. To illustrate how this double standard zines have played in the growth and Is it not bad enough that the works, let me quote the Postmaster Gen­ development of this free society. U.S. Government is subsidizing Com­ eral concerning the need for an increase If only for this reason, we should care­ munist totalitarian regimes which do in postal rates. In his testimony before fully consider any legislation which not tolerate a free press? Must we do the House Post Office and Civil Service threatens to diminish this role. In other Mr. Khrushchev's work for him and bury Committee, M_r. Day declared: words, even if Mr. Day were correct and our own? If the Congress decides that second-class the American taxpayer were supporting Consider that the United States to rates shall not be raised substantiaUy, the~, some part of newspaper and magazine date has given $2.4 billion to the Dicta­ by that decision Congress will have deter­ distribution, a valid case exists that this tor Tito to shore up his Communist gov­ mined that the fair price for deliverii:ig news­ i·epresents an investment in America's papers and magazines must continue to be ernment in Yugoslavia. paid, in part, by the taxpayers of our Na­ free institutions. . Consider that the United States to date tion. Consider too that the proposed postal has given $900 million to the Dictator rate increase will have its most hatmful Gomulka to shore up his Communist Now, although I believe that Mr. Day effect on our small weekly and daily government in Poland. is sincere in his solicitude for the Ameri- newspapers, on agricultural, educational Consider that the United States to can taxpayer, I submit that his state- religious, and similar specialized publica~ date has given $700 million to shore up merit is unique in the annals of this ad- tions which contribute so ·greatly to the totalitarian pro-Communist govern­ ministration's legislative appeals to the keeping a free people informed. ment of Dictator Sukarno of Indonesia, Congress. How then should the administration's and some $138 million to assist Kwame In what other legislative area has any "get tough" fiscal approach to American Nkrumah's dictatorial take-over in administration spokesman, imploring newspapers and magazines be viewed? Congress to do its duty, asked that we Ghana. consider the interests of the taxpayers From the perspective of newspaper and Consider that the great and good of our Nation? · magazine publishers, they can only envy friend of peace and nonviolent means, certainly, amid all the incantations from afar the privileged fiscal status of India's Nehru-and I should add, Goa's currently l5eing invoked in behalf of the U.S.-subsidized state-owned presses in Nehru-has received nearly $3 billion Poland and Yugoslavia. Well might of.U.S. aid, in exchange for which he has United Nations, and our need to stake American publishers wonder why no sent us Krishna Menon. that organization to another $100 mil- member of the administration has ques­ And what of our $600 million to lion of U.S. credit, I have heard not one tioned whether Tito's publication Borba Egypt's Nasser? And our $350 million word concerning the interests of the is giving the U.S. taxpayer a fair break poured into Laos in a fruitless effort to American taxpayer. for our $2.4 billion. stem the Communist tide there? And when the administration recently From the perspective of the com- I believe that such expenditures must went through the motions of reapprais- munists, they can find encouragement in be considered before we proceed to add ing our aid to Tito and Nkrumah, I the fact that while the United States is new and crippling burdens to a vital heard much learned chatter about self- aiding in the printing and dissemination American enterprise. determination, nonalinement, and the of Red propaganda, it is sharpening its like, but hardly a murmur about how fiscal knife to whittle down the ranks of I am all for fiscal toug·hness. How­ the interests of the taxpayers of our free American newspapers and maga- ever, I do not propose to cut the throat Nation would be affected. zines. of America's newspapers and magazines Yet an administration which sees From the view of the American tax- with one hand, and to subsidize Poland's nothing wrong with the use of our tax and Yugoslavia's state-controlled press dollars to subsidize Communist totali- . payer, he might well look forward to a with the other. · tarian propaganda now expresses alarm day, not too distant, when his favorite Yet is this not the end result of the over the prospect that American tax dol- newspaper or magazine is no longer be- administration's double-standard fiscal . ing published, although copies of lars might help this Nation's free press. U.S.S.R. and other privileged Red pub- and postal policies? Actually contrary to Mr. Day's impli- We are providing aid funds to totali­ cations, considerable evidence exists lications are still available. tarian governments which suppress the that our newspapers and magazines are Indeed, cultural exchange is enlight­ free exchange of ideas, regimes with paying their fair share of the postal bill, ening-although its cost comes rather state-controlled presses. Are we not and then some. Certainly, even the high. then subsidizing tyranny over the peo­ Postmaster General must concede that As f6r myself, I do not intend to sup­ ples of those countries? these publications make a substantial port legislation which will endanger the We are giving aid to regimes dedicated contribution , to postal revenues each ·existence of American newspapers and to our overthrow-as are all Communist year. . magazines, so long as this administra- 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 557 tion squanders billions -of dollars sup­ Congress, the vote to organize the House second, administration's emergency feed porting alien and enemy countries and and Senate. This is the vote to elect grain program for 1961; third, fair labor institutions. the Speaker of the House and the ma­ standards amendments; fourth, Area If the administration is sincere in its jority leader of the Senate and it is al­ Redevelopment Act; fifth, Federal Water concern for the taxpayer, then let our ways decided on a straight party line. Pollution Control Act Amendments of leaders turn their attention toward a On this vote every Democrat, no matter 1961; sixth, Housing Act of 1961; seventh, real reassessment of where our foreign how conservative he claims to be, will stabilize the mining of lead and zinc by aid money is going, and whether the vote for congressional leaders and com­ small domestic producers on public, In­ American people are getting their mittee chairmen for the majority of dian, and other lands; eighth, Emer­ money's worth out of it. committees, Senators and Congressmen gency Educational Act of 1961; ninth, Finally, let the administration reas­ with the most liberal voting records on Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Offenses sess its attitude toward our own Ameri­ welfare state legislation, pork barrel Control Act of 1961; tenth, public works can newspapers and magazines, taking bills, and legislation calling for more and appropriation for fiscal 1962: 167 north­ into consideration their traditional im­ more centralization of government. The ern Republicans, voted conservative, 85.8 portance to a free society. only way the people can be sure Con­ percent; 7 southern Republicans, voted· Unless such a reassessment takes gress will enact conservative legislation conservative, 90.5 percent; total 174 Re­ place, this administration may well be is to make sure the machinery of Con­ publicans, 86 percent. One hundred and known to future generations not as one gress is in the hands of conservatives sixty-three northern Democrats, voted which encouraged America's cultural and the record proves that the Republi­ conservative, 4.8 percent; 96 southern tradition, but rather as the leadership can Party is far more conservative. Democrats, voted ccnservative, 49.3 per­ which stifled it. The people decide whether Congress cent; total, 259 Democrats, 21.2 percent. is liberal or conservative on election AMERICANS FOR DEMOCRATIC ACTION day according to which party they put in control of the Congress. By urging ADA rated 9'7 southern Democrat Con­ By Their Votes Ye Shall Know Them the election of a conservative Congress gressmen and 7 southern Republican I do not intend that we should change Congressmen in 1961. According to ADA, judging Members on their liberal EXTENSION OF REMARKS the present procedures of Congress. I suggest that we change those who con­ voting record, ratings for 1961: 97 south­ OF ern Democrat Congressmen received a , trol those procedures to more nearly re­ 1 HON. BRUCE ALGER flect the attitude of the people. total of 317 plus ratings; 7 southern Re- This report is presented so the voter publican Congressmen received a total of OF TEXAS 2 plus ratings. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES may know the facts concerning the lib­ eral and conservative voting records of AFL-CJO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL ACTION­ Thursday, January 18, 1962 the key Members of Congress. Regard­ COPE Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, in pre­ less of the individual citizen's conviction, The following data is compiled on the senting this report it is not my inten­ he will be in a better position to assure basis of how COPE rated Members of tion to prove which view is right or that his point of view will be represented Congress for the 80th through the 86th wrong. No Member need apologize for in Congress. Congresses. This record is based on 61 his position on legislation, whether it The following tables show the vot­ key votes in the House from 1947 through be liberal or conservative. It is im­ ing records according to the Americans 1960, covering the 80th through the 86th portant, however, that his position be for Constitutional Action-conserva­ Congresses : truly presented to the people and that . tive-AFL-CIO Committee on Political The overall House Democrat average is the purpose of this compilation which Action-COPE--Human Events-con­ support rating for liberal COPE, 69.7 makes clear the relative positions of the servative--Americans for Democratic percent; the overall House Republican two parties. Action-ultraliberal-and the Congres­ rating, 23.9 percent; 91 southern Demo- - The voting record in the Senate and sional Quarterly-impartial. Regardless crats had an average support rating for House of Representatives proves the dif­ of which table you use, from the right, COPE, 38.8 percent; 5 southern Repub­ left, or middle of the road, the results are licans, 8.8 percent; 41 border State Dem­ ference between conservatives and lib­ the same-Republicans are conservative ocrats average support rating for COPE, erals. Every vote analysis leads to the and Democrats are liberal. 76.1 percent; 6 border State Republicans, same conclusion, that the Republican Compare overall Republican and Dem­ 26.9 percent; 45 big city Democrats aver­ Party is controlled by conservatives and ocratic votes in the House of Representa­ age support for COPE, 97 .9 percent; 20 the Democratic Party is in the hands of tives. Which party is conservative? big city Republicans, 39.8 percent; 102 the liberals. Human events poll on 10 key issues in other Democrats average support for The course Congress will take is de­ 1st· session of 87th Congress. The is­ COPE, 94.7 percent; 121 other Republi­ termined on the first vote of every new sues: First, enlarge the Rules Committee; cans, 29 percent. Comparison of ADA ratings of Republican and Democratic Party leadership in the Senate and House

U.S. Se)late U.S. House of Representatives

Democratic Republican Democratic Republican Year Majority Majority Minority Minority Majority Majority Minority Minority Leader Wbip Leader Wbip Leader Wbip Leader Wbip Mansfield Humphrey Dirksen Kuchel McCormack Albert Halleck Arends

1947 ------192 (i) 19 (2) 100 92 17 17 1948 ____ ------192 (2) 118 (2) 83 85 15 15 1949 ____ ------_: _-- 192 100 (2) (2) 92 85 0 0 1950 ____ ------193 100 (2) (2) 87 67 0 0 1951 ____ ------192 100 0 (2) 100 53 7 0 1952 __ ------183 100 27 (2) 92 100 0 0 1953_ ------87 100 8 21 100 64 27 27 1954_ ------85 100 33 31 78 67 33 11 1955 ____ ------78 100 11 20 100 90 50 30 1956 __ ------86 100 21 64 100 57 67 57 1957 ------58 100 58 67 100 67 56 56 1958. ------100 100 25 42 83 75 17 17 1959 ____ ------77 100 0 33 89 78 25 22 1960_ ------75 100 17 58 100 89 22 22 1961. ___------80 100 10 60 . 90 90 10 10 1~~~~-1-~~~~-1-~~~- 1-~~~~- 1 -~~~- 1-~~~~-1-~~~-1 -~~~~ Average ___ ------85 100 18 44 93 77 23 19

1 Served in U.S. House of Representatives. 2 Prior to election to U.S. Senate.

I 558 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ~- HOUSE January 18 Comparison of .A CA ratings of Republican and Dem:ocratic Party leadership in the Senate a_nd House

-. Consistency Consistency Consistency .Consistency index on 963 index index on 280 index U.S. Senate - Senate votes cumulative U.S. House of Representatives House votes, cumulative 1955-59 (84th, total, 1957-59 (85th total, 85th, and 1st 1955-61 and 1st sess., 1957-61 sess., 86th Cong.) ~ 86th Cong.) ' ! . . Percent Percent Percent Percent Majority Leader MANSFIELD (Democrat) ______8 10 Rouse Speaker McCORMACK (Democrat) ______0 0 Majority Whip IluMPHREY (Democrat) ______1 1 Majol:ity Whip ALRERT (Democrat) ______8 5 Minority Leader DIRK.SEN (Republican______79 80 Minority Leader HALLECK (Republican)--~----- 87 86 Minority Whip KUCHEL (Republican) ______58 52 Minority Whip ARENDS (Republican) ______. __ 89 88

Standing committees of the U.S. Senate

Present Democratic chairman Potential Republican chairman Committee Name 1961 ADA Name 1961 ADA rating rating

1. Aeronautical and Space Sciences------Kerr, Oklahoma______60 Bridges, New Hampshire ______0 20 Aiken, Vermont ______------50 1 ~: !g~;~~fi~ ~~r:_~t~:..::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ii~~~~~·£~~~=::::::::::~::::::::::: 60 Bridges, New Hampshire __ ------­ 0 4. Armed Services ______------Russell, Georgia ______-----______10 Saltonstall, Massachusetts __ ------­ 20 5. Banking and Currency__ ------Robertson, Virginia __ ------­ 0 Capehart, Indiana __ ------­ 10 6. District of Columbia------Bible, Nevada __ ------­ 60 Beall, Maryland_------20 7. Finance ______--______Byrd, Virginia __ ------0 Williams, Delaware______0 67 25 8. Foreign Relations------Mundt,Wiley, Wisconsin South Dakota_------______9. Government Operations------~ntgi~YI~~.~~~-:::::::::::::::::::: 0 0 10. Interior and Insular Affairs------·------Anderson, New Mexico ______89 10 11. Interstate and Foreign Commerce ______Magnuson, Washington ______100 ~ctg!~~~~; ~

NOTE.-According to the ADA (Americans for Democratic Action) "the voting principles" is marked "plus." Thus, a rating of 100 percent shows complete agree­ record is offered as a guide for liberals in judging the performance of their Senators ment with the liberal position on key votes. As a rating approaches zero, it indi­ on issues of importance. A vote which ADA believes to be in harmony with liberal cates a more conservative position. Standing committees of the U.S. House of Representatives

Present Democratic chairman Potential Republican chairman Committee Name 1961 ADA Name 1961 ADA rating rating

1. Agriculture------Cooley, North Carolina ______56 Hoeven, Iowa ______------__ ------__ 0 2. ,4.ppropriations ______------__ -----______Cannon, 1YlissourL ______56 Taber, New York------­ 0 3. Armed Services ______Vinson, Georgia ______------__ -----_ 88 10 4. Banking and Currency ______:______Arends, Illinois------­ Spence, KentuckY------80 Kilburn, New York------~------11 5. District of Columbia------McMillan, South Carolina______ll Auchincloss, New Jersey______- ____ _ 10 6. Education an4 Labor------Powell, New York ______100 Kearns, Pennsylvania ______20 Morgan, Pennsylvania______·go 7. Foreign Affairs_------Hoffman,Chiperfield, Michigan Illinois ______------_ 0 Dawson, Illinois_------100 0 Z: g~~~~n_rae~fn9~~~~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Burleson, Texas ______-----______10 Schenck, Ohio______0 10. Interior and Insular Affairs ______Aspinall, Colorado_------___ ------80 Saylor, Pennsylvania_------40 11. Interstate and Foreign Commerce ______Harris, Arkansas _____ ------30 Bennett, Michigan ______50 12. Judiciary_------Coller, New York______100 0 13. Merchant Marine and Fisheries_------Bonner, North Carolina______50 60 14. Post Office and Civil Service ______Murray, Tennessee ______13 ¥01i~~~~~~~~gt(iii======Corbett, Pennsylvania______60 Buckley, New York______Auchincloss, New Jersey ______. 15. Public Works------100 Brown, Ohio ______:: __ 10 16. Rules ______------______Smith, Virginia __ ------0 0 17. Science and Astronautics ______Brooks, Louisiana ______Martin, Massachusetts ______44 Walter, Pennsylvania______20 19.18. Veterans'Un-American Affairs Activities------____ : ______80 Scherer,Ayres, Ohio Ohio ______------_ 0 Teague, Texas_------­ 22 10 20. Ways and ·Means------Mills, Arkansas __ ------50 Mason, Illinois ___ ------0 21. Select Small Business------Patman, Texas ______------_------80 McCulloch, Ohio __ ~------__ 0 Average______58 ------16

NOTE.-According to the ADA (Americans for Democratic Action) "the voting liberal principles" is marked "plus." Thus, a rating of 100 percent shows complete record is offered as a guide for liberals in judging the performance of their Congress­ agreement with the liberal position on key votes. As a rating approaches zero, it men on issues of importance. A vote which ADA believes to be in harmony with indicates a more conservative position. COMPARISON OF CONSERVATIVE-LIBERAL VOTING The Ways and Means Committee is the Senate is always extremely careful RECORDS OF HOUSE MEMBERS OF WAYS AND the revenue-raising committee. Every not to intrude upon the -authority by MEANS COMMITl'EE money-raising bill, all bills dealing with which the House originates tax legisla­ The Constitution, article 1, section 7 tariffs and trade, all bills dealing with tion and invariably postpones any hear­ states: income taxes, excise taxes, imports, and ings on money raising bills until after All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate social security taxes come before this the House Ways and Means Conimlttee in the House of Representatives; but the committee. All but one of the major has completed -its work on -these meas­ Senate may propose or concur with Amend­ programs called for by the President in ures. - ments as on other Bills. his state of the Union message will be The following tables, prepared by the To exercise'its authority as specified in handled by the Ways and Means Com­ impartial .and objective news service, the Constitution, the House of Repre­ mittee. Congressional Quarterly, compares the sentatives created the Ways and Means Money bills in the Senate are handled conservative-liberal voting records of Committee. by the Senate Finance Committee, but Members on those committees on key 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD .:___HOUSE 559

I issues &ffecting our economy from 1945 Committee, extending trade agreements pro­ 6. H .R. 2151. Wool import duties. Passage through 1961 :. gram until June 12, 1951, and repealing Trade of bill to suspend for 3 years the import Agreements Extension Act of 1948. Rejected duties on certain coarse wools. Passed 250- KEY VOTES, SCORES OF WAYS AND MEANS 151- 241 (Democrats, 7-235; Republicans, 144- 129 (Democrats, 147-52; Republicans 103- COMMITTEE 5; American Labor Party 0-1) , February 9, 77), February 4, 1958. 1. H .R. 3240. Reciprocal Trade Agreement s 1949. 7. H.R. 12591. Trade Agreements Extension Extension Act. Knutson, Republican, of 4. H.R. 1612. Trade Agreements Extension Act of 1958, providing a 5-year extension of Minnesota, motion to recommit Reciprocal Act of 1951. Simpson, Republican , of Penn­ the President's authority to enter trade Trade Agreements Extension bill to Ways and sylvania, amendment to Trade Agreements agreements. Reed, Republican of New York, M~ans Committee with instructions to report Extension Act pf 1951 directing Tariff Com­ motion to recommit the bill to the Ways and a 2-year extension of existing law. Re­ mission to determine minimum tariff rates Means Committee, without instructions. Re­ ject ed 181-212 (Democrats, 13- 204; Republi­ for protection of U.S. industries, and require jected 146-268 (Democrats, 61-160; Republi­ cans, 167-7; American Labor Party 0-1; Pro­ that if tariffs are lowered below that point, cans, 85-108) , June 11, 1958. gressive 1- 0) , May 26, 1945. or if already lower and not raised to the 8. H .R. 12591. Trade Agreements Extension 2. H.R. 6556. Reciprocal Trade Agreements minimum, full information shall be filed with Act of 1958. Passage of the bill. Passed Extension Act. Doughton, Democrat, of Congress. Agreed to 225-168 (Democrats, 42- 317- 98 (Democrats, 184-39; Republicans, North Carolina, motion to recommit Recip­ 163; Republicans, 183-4; Independent 0- 1) , 133- 59), June 11 , 1958. rocal Trade Agreements Ext ension bill to February 7, 1951. Ways and Means Committee with instruc­ 5. H.R. 1. Reciprocal trade extension. Reed, 9. H.R. 1217. Amend the Tariff Act of 1930 tions to report a ·s-year extension of Republican of New York, motion to recom­ to remove for 2 years the duty on amorphous existing law. Rejected 168- 211 (Democrats, mit trade agreements extension bill to Ways graphite valued at less than $50 per ton. 150- 6; Republicans, 16- 205; American Labor and Means Committee with instructions to Passed 278-116 (Democrats, 151- 95; Republi­ Party 2-0), May 26, 1948. require the President to comply with recom­ cans, 127- 21), February 2, 1960. 3. H .R . 1211. Trade Agreements Extension mendations of the Tariff Commission, except 10. H.R. 84. Authorize a 4-year subsidy Act of 1949. Simpson, Republican, of Penn­ when national security is involved. Rejected program for small lead and zinc mines. sylvania, motion to recommit trade agree­ 199- 206 (Democrats, 80-140; Republicans, Passed 196- 172 (Democrats, 169-49; Repub­ ments extension bill to Ways and Mea.ns 11~-66) , February 18, 1955. licans, 27- 123) , August 24, 1961.

[N record vote against (nay); Y record vote fo r (yea); .,/ paired fo r; ? absent, .general pair, "Present," did not announce or answer poll ; X ~aired against; - announced against · CQ poll agamst; t announced for, CQ poll for] '

Trade votes, 1945-61 Federal role Ways and 'Means Committee members 10 Larger, Smaller, Larger, Smaller, 1961 1961 86th 86th 1945 1948 1949 1951 1955 1958 1958 1958 1960 1961 Cong. Cong.

Democrats: Mills (Arkansas) __ ------N y N N N y N y N 70 30 67 33 N N N N y N y y y 100 y 0 100 0 ======N N N N y N y y" y 100 ti 100 0 Bo~~i~~ggs (Louisi<=~ana)~~ __ ------_N _____ y" N N N ? N y y 70 20 83 17 y N N N y y y y HKeaoghrrison (New (Virgini York)a) ------______N 100 0 100 0 ------y N N N y N y y" x 20 80 8 92 y N N N y y y y HerlongKarsten (Florid(Missouria) ______;\-_------______------N 100 0 100 0 ------_N ______Ny _____ N y N y y y 20 80 25 75 Griffiths (Michigan)------y: ----- y y t y y 100 0 100 0 y y N y y y ThompsonFrazier (Te nness(Texas)ee) ______------_N_____ 80 20 75 25 ------N N N y N y y y 70 30 58 25 ' N N y N y y y WGreenatts (P(Kentuckennsylvaniay) ______) ___ ------______------__ ,.. _____ t 90 0 92 8 ------N N N y ? y 70 30 75 25 Ullman (Oregon) __ ------N N y N y I 100 0 100 0 Burke (Massachusetts)------y y 100 0 83 17 Republicans: ------M ason ,(Illinois) __ ------y N y y y N y N y N 0 100 0 75 Byrnes (Wisconsin) ______y N y y y y y y Baker (Tennessee) ______N N 0 100 0 100 ------y y y y y y N 40 60 58 42 Curtis (Missouri) ______------_---- - __ ------y y N N y y y 0 100 17 83 Knox (Michigan)------y N y N y x 0 100 25 75 ------y y y y Utt (C(a 0liforni hio) __a_)______------__------______------y- ---- N N 0 100 8 92 Betts ------y N y N y N 0 100 0 100 Alger (Texas) ___ ------__ ------y N y y y N 0 100 0 100 Derounian (New York) ______N y N y y y ------_---_.., -_----____ ------0 100 0 100 Schnee bell (Pennsylvania) ______------y 10 60 I 0 1100

1 Not eligible for all 12 te~ t rollcalls.

KEY VOTES, SCORES OF SENATE FINANCE (Democrats, 36-14; Republicans, 9-23) , June of Labor to recommend import quotas or COMMITTEE 20, 1960. President Eisenhower did not take tariffs, which the President at his discretion 1. H.R. 12381. National debt ceiling in­ a position on the amendment. could put in effect, if after investigation the crease. PROXMIRE, Democrat, of Wisconsin, 4. H.R. 12580. Social Security Amendments Secretary determined that imports from low­ amendment to establish a 20-percent with­ of 1960. JAVITS, Republican, of New York, wage countries were endangering the living holding tax on income from interest and substitute for pending ANDEltSON, Democrat, standards of U.S. workers whose wages were dividends. Rejected 34-62 (Democrats, 22- of New Mexico, amendment (see below) pro­ regulated by State or Federal law. Rejected, 31; Republicans, 2-31), June 20, 1960. Pres­ viding a choice of spec~fied minimum medi­ 39-55 (Democrats, 15-46; Republicans, 24-9), ident Eii::enhower did not take a position on cal benefits, financed by FederakState April 19, 1961. President Kennedy did not the amendment. matching grants, for persons over ()5 choos­ take a position on the amendment. 2. H.R. 12961. McCARTHY, Democrat, of ing to participate in the program. Rejected 7. H.R. 12591. Senate committee version of Minnesota, amendment to repeal the 4-per­ 28-67 (Democrats, 0-62; Republicans, 28-5), the Trade Agreements Extension Act of cent tax credit on dividend income exceeding August 23, 1960. President Eisenhower did 1958. Payne, Republican, Maine, amendment $50 from domestic corporations. Agreed to not take a position on the amendment. to provide that Congress may override the 42-21 (Democrats, 39-12; Republicans, 3-29), 5. H.R. 12360. ANDERSON,. Democrat, New President's disapproval of a Tariff Commis­ June 20, 1960. A "nay" was a vote support­ Mexico, amendment providing medical bene­ sion recommendation within 60 days by a ing President Eisenhower's position. fits for all social security retirees 68 and majority vote of each Chamber. Rejected, 3. H.R. 12281. CLARK, Democrat, of Penn­ over, to be financed by an increase in the 34-57 (Democrats, 8-36; Republicans, 26-21) . sylvania, amendment to prohibit tax deduc­ social security payroll tax. Rejected, 44-51 July 22, 1958. A "nay" was a vote supporting tions for business entertainment expenses, (Democrats, 43-19; Republicans, 1-32), Au­ President Eisenhower's position. except for food and beverages, to limit to gust 23, 1960. A "nay" was a vote support­ 8. H.R. 12591. Passage of the trade agree­ $10 per person the amount of a business gift ing President Eisenhower's position. ments extension bill. Passed, 72-16 (Demo­ that is tax deductible and to prohibit deduc­ 6. H.R. 3935. Fair Labor Standards Amend­ crats, 36-6; Republicans 36-10), July 22, t ions for dues or initiating them to social, ments of 1961. GOLDWATER, Republican, Ari­ 1958. · A "yea" was a vete supporting Presi­ athletic or sporting clubs. Agreed to 45-39 zona, amendment to require the Secretary dent Eisenhower's position. 560 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 18

[N record vote against (nay); Y record vote for (yea);? absent, general pair, "Present," did n<;>t announce or answer poll;* term expires in 1963; X paired against; t announced for, CQ poll for; - announced agamst, CQ poll against]

Taxes Medical care Trade Federal role Finance Committee members 2 3 4 8 Larger, Smaller, Larger, Smaller, 1961 1961 86th Cong. 86th Cong. 1960 1960 1960 1960 1960 1961 1958 1958 ------1------1-----l·----1----1---- Democrats: N N N N N N y 0 100 0 100 ? N N N N N N 50 50 79 21 ~rr~ «ci~I~b~~ac======~ y y N N y N y 50 50 64 36 N N N N N N y 20 80 43 50 ~~11~~1~jl~~=)•_-_~======~ y y y y y ~nd~so<& C\".' rexico)------~ N x 80 10 86 14 y y N y N N y JOO 0 79 21 y y N y N N y 70 30 79 14 y y N N y y N 20 80 21 71 ~~!~:!iv~~:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~ ~ y N N y N ------90 10 100 0 t ! N y N ------90 10 100 0 y y x N N y 30 60 57 43 Republicans:W~f~~~~f1c~~~sas5======k Williams (Delaware) ______N N N N N y y y 20 80 0 100 Carlson (Kansas)* ____ ------N N N y N y N y 20 50 14 86 Bennett (Utah)*------N N N N N y y , y 0 100 7 93 Butler (Maryland)*------N N N N N y y y 0 90 7 93 Curtis ( Iebraska) ______N N N N N y y y 0 100 7 93 Morton (Kentucky) ______N N N y N N N y 30 70 0 100

BRUCE ALGER, Republican, of Texas, Fifth man cannot comprehend and which I this might come to the Congress when District; age 43; House 1955-61; committee, am sure will result in a 1963 fiscal year he said: Ways and Means; previous committee, Pub­ deficit of a.t least $5 billion, added to lic Works; profession, real estate develop­ The natural progress of things is for lib­ ment (head of Alger Development in Dallas); the 1962 fiscal year deficit of at least $10 erty to yield and government to gain experience, aviation cadet in Army Air Corps billion, making $15 billion ·to add to oui,­ ground. in World War II. Federal debt now a reality of $300 billion But, as you know, he also said: STEVEN B. DEROUNIAN, Republican, of New in round figures. This is more than all York, Second District; age 43; House 1953-61; the other nations in the world all put That government is best which governs conunittee, Ways and Means; previous com­ together owe their federal bondholders. least. mittees, District of Columbia, Interstate and As a member of the House Appropria­ Mr. Speaker, listening to the Presi­ Foreign Commerce; profession, lawyer; ex­ perience, Infantry officer, World War II, Pur­ tions Committee for 20 sessions of Con­ dent's budget message, I like what Mr. ple Heart, Bronze Star, and foreign service gress, I have seen this country of ours Jefferson had to say. ribbons in European theater; councilman, rolling down the bankrupt route full North Hempstead, N.Y. speed ahead. We are bound to crash HERMAN T. SCHNEEBELI, Republican, of and sooner than we think, I fear. Pennsylvania, 17th District; age 54; House I can only promise that I shall, as al­ U.S. Lumber Mills Lose Market 1960-61; committees, Ways and Means, Public ways, exert my very best efforts to re­ Works (resigned); previous committee, Banking and Currency; profession, business duce this unconscionable budget by the EXTENSION OF REMARKS (Gulf Oil); experience, World War II veteran, billions. To be worthy of my place I can, OF head of civic fundraising groups, school nor will I do less. board, Grit award for meritorious commu­ HON. JACK WESTLAND nity service. OF WASHINGTON MARTHA w. GRIFFITHS, Democrat, of Mich­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES igan, 17th District; age 49; House 1955-61; Budget Message committees, Banking and Currency, Govern­ Thursday, January 18, 1962 ment Operations, Joint Economic; profession, lawyer; experience, Michigan Legislature EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. WESTLAND. Mr. Speaker, the 1949-52, judge of recorder's court 1953, legal OF lumber industry in my district, the State adviser for Business & Professional Women's of Washington and the Pacific coast is Clubs of Michigan. HON. FRANK T. BOW faced with the serious problem caused by CLARK w. THOMPSON, Democrat, of Texas, OF OHIO an invasion of the east coast markets Ninth District; age 65; House 1933-35; 1947- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES by British Columbia lumber mills. 61; committee, Agriculture; previous com­ The seriousness of the situation is mittee, Merchant Marine and Fisheries; pro­ Thursday, January 18, 1962 evident when you look at a few figures. fession, business; experience, veteran of Mr. BOW. Mr. Speaker, as I listened World Wars I and II, president of Galveston In 1951, west coast producers held 93 per­ Chamber of Commerce, public relations today to the reading of the President's cent of the east coast market. Last counsel for American National Life Insur­ budget message, I could not but think year, the west coast share dropped to ance Co. and National Hotel Co. of Galveston. of a statement once made by the patron 43 percent, with British Columbia rising saint of the Democrat Party, Thomas to 57 percent. Jefferson. He said: · One of the contributing factors is the I place economy among the first and most Jones Act which requires that our west The President's Budget important virtues, and public debt as the coast mills must ship their lumber to greatest of dangers . . We must make our Atlantic coast ports on American-flag choice between economy and liberty, or pro­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS fusion and servitude. If we can prevent ships. On the other hand Canadian OF the Government from wasting the labors of mills can use ships registered under for - the people under the pretense of caring for eign flags. The higher costs of American HON. BEN F. JENSEN them, they will be happy. shipping have given the Canadians an OF IOWA Also, Mr. Speaker, Mr. Jefferson must estimated $7 to $11 per thousand-board­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have read different history than those feet competitive advantage. Thursday, January 18, 1962 These higher costs are caused by of the Democrat Party who have followed higher wages paid American shipping Mr. JENSEN. Mr. Speaker, I have him, for he, Jefferson, said: employees, wages that are subsidized listened to the President's budget mes­ My reading of history. convinces me that by the taxpayers. Our lumber mills in sage with fear and misgivings for the most bad government results from too much government. the Pacific Northwest, Mr. Speaker, only future. This budget request calls for want a chance to meet Canadian com­ an expenditure of $93 billion in round Perhaps, Mr. Speaker, Mr. Jefferson petition on reasonably equal grounds. figures. an amount which the mind of foresaw that such a budget message as But when, by virtue of a subsidy paid 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 561 by the Federal Government, the costs· standards; (a) than ever before in history; This new guided-missile destroyer of shipping lumber are so far out of pro­ and (b) than any other people in the world. honors the late Adm. Joseph Strauss, portion as to cause unfair competition, In 1960, we, as a nation, had a gross na­ tional product of about $504 billion, and na­ who graduated from the U.S. Naval then that cause must be eliminated: tional income of $417 billion. (For 1961, the Academy in the class of 1885 and retired Mr. Speaker, today I am introducing rates are higher: $540 billion GNP and $426 in 1925, after 40 years of distinguished legislation which, I believe, would elim­ billion national income.) service. inate this cause. My bill would amend Of U.S. annual income, about $80 billion It was my privilege to participate in the Jones Act to provide that the Sec­ plus are siphoned off for Federal taxes. the launching program and to deliver retary of Commerce shall have the au­ As taxpayers, we attempt to require, and the following address: thority to waive provisions of the act rightly so, responsible handling of funds by Uncle Sam. ADDRESS BY REPRESENTATIVE JAMES E. VAN as it applies to any American industry In these times of great national challenge, ZANDT, MEMBER OF CONGRESS, 20TH DISTRICT when he finds after hearings that such however, I believe it is equally necessary OF PENNSYLVANIA, AT THE LAUNCHING OF industry is losing a substantial part of that we as citizens reevaluate our utilization THE U.S.S. "JOSEPH STRAUSS" AT CAMDEN, its business to foreign competitors or dissipation of our share of the Nation's N.J., DECEMBER 9, 1961 through the application of such act. resources. .. Launching a new warship is always a great I hope, Mr. Speaker, that early hear­ In 1960 {the latest year for which com­ day for the Navy and for the Nation. ings will be held by the appropriate com­ plete statistics are available), general cate­ That day is made even more noteworthy mittee so that action can be taken dur­ gories of expenditures (in round figltres) when the name assigned to this ship is the were as follows: U.S.S. Joseph Strauss. ing this session of the 87th Congress. Admiral Strauss served his country well This problem to which I have referred [In billions of dollars] and honorably for a period of time which needs to be solved if we want to keep Food------70. 0 stretched over 50 years. our mills at full employment. HouseholdHousing ______operations----~------______42.045. 0 The touchstones of his long and distin­ guished career in the Navy were a devotion Clothing, accessories, and jewelry____ 34. 0 to duty, integrity, and indisputable profes­ Transportation (private and public)-- 40. O :M:edical care ______20.0 sional skill. He ciemonstrated these qualities in every Needed: Good Stewardship of National Personal business (interest, insurance, post he held. Wealth etc.)------20.0 At sea he served on 14 ships with dis­ Recreation ______------20. o tinction and eventually rose to the com­ Alcoholic beverages______10. O mand of the Asiatic Fleet in 1921 after com­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS Tobacco______7.0 manding the mine force of the Atlantic OF Private education and research______4. 5 Fleet during World War I. Religious and welfare activities______4. 6 In this latter capacity Admiral Strauss HON. ALEXANDER WILEY Foreign travel______3.0 was responsible for laying the North Sea OF WISCONSIN mine barrage. In our free Nation, every citizen, of course, This operation contributed to the defeat IN ''.CHE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES has a right to spend income, without direc­ tion or accountability, to serve his own need, of the German submarine campaign and to Thursday, January 18, 1962 the breakdown of German morale at home. inclination, or goods. With characteristic energy and compe­ Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, the Pres­ As stewards of the resources of the richest tence, Admiral Strauss also directed the ident's budget message today again f o­ nation in the world, however, we must ask clearing of U.S. mines from the North Sea cuses the spotlight of national thinking ourselves: Are we using our resources for the after the downfall of Prussian militarism. upon our fiscal affairs. best purposes? What changes can, or should Completion of this task earned him an be made for more effective utilization of our extraordinary commendation from the secre­ The $92-plus billion budget prepared national wealth to better serve individual for 1963 represents, if adopted by the tary of the Na:vy, Josephus Daniels, who and national interests? noted that sweeping of the North Sea of Congress, a whopping increase in ex­ The American people and the Nation, I be­ mines was "one of the greatest and most penditures. lieve, could well benefit from a soul-search­ hazardous tasks undertaken by the Navy" As we recall, the proposed budget for ing analysis of our dollar-by-dollar spending and a work which would "go down in the fiscal 1962 was about $80 billion. Ac­ programs. The purpose would be, as pos­ annals of naval history as one of the Navy's cording to best estimates, however, sible, to more effectively utilize annual in­ greatest achievement.s." spending is running at a rate of about come of U.S. citizens (which, incidentally, Admiral Strauss' accomplishments on land far exceeds in value the annual gross na­ were no less important. $89 billion-but still below the budget tional product of any other nation in the He discharged his duties as Inspector · of presented today. world). If this were done, it would help to: Ordnance in charge of the Naval Proving In view of the skyrocketing Federal (1) Benefit us individually; (2) enable citi­ Ground at Indian Head, Md., and as Chief budgets, the Congress will want to take zens to assume a larger share of responsi­ of the Bureau of Ordnance with consum­ a microscopic look at the proposals and bility now generally shouldered by Uncle mate skill and enterprise. _hold expenditures down to absolute Sam; and (3) provide the Nation with In the field of ordnance, where he is best essentials. greater strength in meeting the challenge remembered, Admiral Strauss designed the of the times. first spring recoil gun mount used in the Overall, I believe that we, as a people, Navy and the first disappearing mount for need to take. a new look at the direc­ dock guns of submarines. tion and purpose of all U.S. expendi­ He also developed the 12-inch gun which tures-both governmental and nongov­ Launching of U.S.S. "Joseph Strauss" became the forerunner of the big gun main ernmental. batteries and was a pioneer in the area of In such critical times, our Nation needs (DDG-16) by New York Shipbuilding smokeless powder development. not only farsight~d leadership in Gov­ Corp., Camden, N.J., December 9, 1961 Furthermore he was responsible for im­ ernment, but also a deep sense of citizen portant innovations in submarine safety de­ responsibility in directing and utilizing vices and salvaging operations. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Besides these admirable achievements Ad­ all our national wealth to best serve us OF miral Strauss served as a valuable and re­ individually, and as a nation. i;pected member of the general court-martial Recently, I had an opportunity to com­ HON. jAMES E. VAN ZANDT of the Navy General Board and of the 1937 ment in further detail on this aspect of OF PENNSYLVANIA Board on Battleship Plans. our national spending. I ask unanimous IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES He also distinguished himself as a Navy consent to have excerpts of these com­ representative to Congress for naval appro­ ments printed in the RECORD. Thursday, January 18, 1962 priations from 1923 through 1925. There being no objection, the excerpts Mr. VAN ZANDT. Mr. Speaker, on In sum, Admiral Strauss served where and were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Saturday, December 9, 1961, the when his country needed him most. u.s.s. He provides an example of stea.dfast and as follows: Joseph Strauss, the fifth of six guided­ honorable service equaled by few. naval of- °SENATOR Wn.EY URGES 1962 GOOD STEWARD­ missile destroyers built by the New York ficers in the history of our Nation. . SHIP OF NATIONAL WEALTH PROGRAM BY .Shipbuilding Corp., was launched -with - The Navy, too, deserves to be commended U.S. CITIZENS Mrs. Lawrence Haines Coburn of-Welles­ 'for recognizing the work and achievements Today, U.S. citizens earn and spend more ley, Mass., a granddaughter of Admiral of Admiral Strauss by naming this fighting -money; live., eat, play, and work on higher Strauss, as its sponsor. ship after him. CVIII--36 562 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 18 It is appropriate indeed that a guided They are dlmcult to detect and make our percent for 1962. The results of the cur­ missile destroyer was chosen to bear his dis­ strategic striking force almost invulnera­ rent marketing season vindicate the de­ tinguished name. ble to enemy attack. cision to increase allotments by 6 pereent for Adi:niral Strauss was one of the most versa­ It ls good news to hear that the Navy will the 1961 crop. Farmers have received top tile and adaptable naval omcers of his time. have 29 of these submarines patrolling the prices for their burley, and most of the crop He could do many jobs-and do them waters of the world by 1964. has gone into normal trade channels, with well. Navy carriers, too, are important strate­ only about 1 percent going to the associ­ Like its sister ships in the fleet the U.S.S. gic and tactical weapons which should not ations under the loan program. This ex­ Joseph Strauss is equipped to do a great be overlooked in assessing our naval strength. ceptionally strong demand clearly indicates number of jobs and, we trust, it will do them These ships can be quickly sent to any that the tobacco farmers' customers want well. part of the globe without violating sovereign burley and will pay premium prices to get it. The guided missile destroyer possesses the national boundaries. The 1961 production was based on a na­ very latest long-range antisubmarine warfare Their aircraft can carry nuclear weapons tional marketing quota of 536 million weapons. in megaton ranges or deliver conventional pounds, which made approximately 329,000 These sub killers are notable additions bombs against tactical targets in support of acres available for allotment. Of this total to our naval defense structure. land operations. acreage, it is estimated that only 318,000 Reliable intelligence reports estimate that The splendid achievements of the Navy acres were harvested, but an unusually the Soviet submarine fleet is composed of during the Korean war proved the usefulness heavy crop now makes it likely that net pro­ more than 400 vessels. of the Navy's carrier force in limited war duction wm be in the area of 570 million It is necessary that we have an effective engagements. pounds. · antidote to Russian submarine strength. The daring exploits of Navy filers kept the However, authorities in the industry esti­ Without it our control of the seas will Chinese and North Korean Communists from mate that the total volume of useful tobac­ be challenged and perhaps ultimately un­ sweeping across South Korea which would co, that is, the net yield for manufacturing dermined. have challenged our forward position in purposes, will run about 550 million pounds The destroyer is one of our principal Japan. because of the above-average moisture con­ answers to the submarine threat facing us-­ In these troubled times-it is comforting tent of the tobacco. These moisture ·esti'.. and it is a key weapon in maintaining our to know that the Navy has retained the mates, I am advised, · will run from 4 to 5 power over the seas. tradition of excellence and service which was percent higher than usual. You will recall that in the dark days of established and carried forward by the ability It is important that the customers of bur­ 1940 Great Britain begged for more de­ and character of such men as Adm. Joseph ley tobacco, both at home and abroad, con­ stroyers--not cruisers and battleships-to Strauss. tinue to be provided with adequate leaf sup­ protect herself against the devastating at­ plies from the standpoint of volume and If the past, indeed, is prolog to the future, selectivity ,if the industry is to remain tacks of German U-boats. we can continue to expect much from the It was the plea of a nation which had healthy and prosperous. At the same time, Navy. adequate care must be exercised to protect already been saved by destroyers in World This guided missile destroyer which we War I. the producers' interests from the dangers of launch today assures us that our expecta­ excessive production of the magnitude which We also look to these destroyers for help tions are not vain and empty. in escorting our amphibious forces against existed for several years after the 1954 crop. enemy strongholds and for supporting them We are also certain that the officers and It is also imperative that we avoid incurring after they have landed. crew of the U.S.S. Joseph Strauss will serve a repetition of the increase-decrease cycle. They can provide indispensable protection their ship and their servic~with the same There are several factors which I feel for the cargo ships which are the backbone devotion to duty that informed the life and strongly support another acreage increase in of any effective military engagement across action of Admiral Strauss. 1962: We are proud of them. 1. Cigarette production in 1961 rose to an the seas. It is with. no small amount of emotion Or, they can screen for our battle fleet S:ll~ime high of 537 billion units, a 4-per­ that we conclude our remarks here by wish­ cent increase over 1960. against enemy torpedoes and aircraft-tra­ ing them Godspeed. di tlonal destroyer functions. 2. Gains in domestie' disappearance of Moreover, these new types of destroyers leaf tobacco indicate that manufacturing possess command, communications, and con­ technology has about reached maximum uti­ trol capabilities which enable them to co­ lization of the leaf. Thus, we may expect ordinate with and for multiple forces under Burley Acreage Tobacco Allotments for further anticipated increases in cigarette production to demand the use of more leaf various battle and weather conditions. 1962 tobacco in the future. The missile destroyer ls unquestionably a 3. The carryover on October 1, 1961, was definite step forward in destroyer design. the lowest since the 1952-53 marketing year. It is an ingenious response to the require­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS It has dropped each year since the high ments of modern warfare. OF polnt reached in 1955-56. The Nation owes a vote of praise to the 4. The total supply of burley tobacco has Navy for the development of this highly HON. THRUSTON B. MORTON dropped for the seventh consecutive year. - useful fighting ship. OF KENTUCKY 5. Total disappearance increased for the The guided missile destroyer, of course, is IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES third consecutive year. only one aspect of the Navy's rebuilding 6. Manufacturing companies still are un­ program since World War II. Thursday, January 18, 1962 able to purchase full requirements, even on Over the past 15 years Navy experience: Mr. MORTON. Mr. President, it was a replacement basis, when the 2-year lead­ foresight, and re_sourcefulness have produced again my privilege to join with my col­ time basis of usage is considered. Since the ForrestaZ carrier, the Polaris submarine, manufacturers w111 not use burley at a rate guided missile cruisers, and a host of smaller leagues from the great tobacco State of they can't replace, they must necessarily craft for strategic and tactical purposes. Kentucky and other tobacco-producing spread their available burley a little :thinner These weapons demonstrate that the Navy areas this morning in submitting to the and make up the difference from other types. is here to stay-that seapower is still the Department of Agriculture our recom­ Substitution for burley represents a market key to survivann the nuclear age. mendations concerning burley tobacco loss which could be difficult to recapture. The Nation can be thankful that Navy acreage allotments' for 1962. The industry has indicated that its manu­ spokesmen were not discouraged by skep­ I ask unanimous consent that my pre­ facturing requirements in 1964 will approxi­ tics and critics who would have scrapped mate 587 mlll1on pounds, which will come pared statement, which was presented largely from the 1962 cfop. I believe that the Navy in 1945. at the annual quotas meeting, be printed If they had been, our present deterrent the statutory formula, allowing for the trend force against the Soviet Union might be se- · in the RECORD. for ·greater consumption of burley, wm sup­ verely limited in its strength and effective­ There being no objection, the state­ port a 1962 marketing quota of from 575 to ness. ment was ordered to be printed in the 585 million pounds. The Polaris submarine and its comple­ RECORD, as follows: In converting to acres, I have applied a ment of 16 Polaris missiles represent an per-acre yield of 1,670 pounds, which is 32 STATEMENT OF SENATOR THRUSTON B. MORTON pounds greater than the most recent 5- awesome answer to any Soviet attack against ON 1962 NATIONAL MARKETING QUOTAS FOR the United States or its vital interests. year average and higher than any single year BURLEY TOBACCO, JANUARY 18, 1962 on record with the exception of the 1961 Already 80 of these missiles, stacked in I appreciate having the opportunity of crop, whose yield is estimated at 1,725 pounds five Polaris submarines, are on station. meeting here today with my colleagues from per acre. This would give a 1962 allotted They are ready to hit Communist tar­ burley-producing States to submit my rec­ acreage of between 344,000 and 351,000 acres, gets as soon as they receive orders from the ommendation for the 1962 national market­ an increase of between 5 to 7 percent above President. ing quota for burley tobacco. 1961. . Powered by nuclear energy, these subma­ The essence of my recommendation is that I would also like to reaffirm my full sup­ rines are swift and silent in the water. acreage allotments be increased from 5 to 7 port of legislation which would require all 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 563 growers participating in acreage increases to dwindled until there are some estimates of I invite your attention to this cor­ share equal~y in future reductions, using less than a 2 days' supply on hand. , 'l'he respondence which explains the nature 1960 allotments as a point of departure. 1961 crop report shows 88 million pounds This, in my opinion, would be a most con­ in the association storehouses. That :figure, of "phantom acres," shows how they structive modification of the burley pro­ which has dropped dramatically, isn't going were permitted and the quick and easy gram, and I hope that something can be ac­ to go back up, it seems. The associations remedy to prevent this unfortunate waste complished this year. have been getting only about 1 percent of in 1962. this year's crop. In view of the President's budget mes­ This means that if we are to protect the sage this date, action to avoid a repeti­ industry, if we are to continue the excellent tion of this glaring waste seems Burley Tobacco Outlook economic progress we've been making, we especially desirable. must guarantee continued production at in­ creased levels. We must make sure the to­ The correspondence follows: EXTENSION OF REMARKS bacco farmer can supply burley for both NOVEMBER 1, 1961. OF domestic and export markets. We also need The Honorable JOHN F. KENNEDY, a stock of tobacco on hand as a cushion President of the United States, the White HON. EARL WILSON against a short crop. House, Washington, D.C. OJ' INDIANA Last year the United States recorded an DEAR MR. PRESIDENT; I read with interest the Associated Press news report of October IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES alltime high manufacture of cigarettes- 518 billion, a 22-percent increase over totals 29, indicating you are disappointed that the Thursday, January 18, 1962 for a period 10 years ago. The export busi­ feed grains program has not materially re­ ness also increased 4 percent last year while duced surpluses and alarmed at the con­ Mr. WILSON of Indiana. Mr. Speak­ the cooperative associations got less tobacco. tinued high cost of farm programs. er, the imPortance of tobacco to the farm This continuing increase in demand causes The failure of the feed grains program is economy of southern Indiana has long a constant acceleration of the disappearance no surprise to me. Since it was first intro­ been recognized. It is one of the area's of topacco stocks. We use more each year duced, I have predicted it would not mate­ leading money crops and has been a as we grow more each year and there is less rially reduce surpluses nor improve farm priine source of income to farmers for and less carryover. The total available sup­ income, and it would hike USDA costs. ply of burley has now dropped for 7 years USDA reports already bear out the accuracy many years. of these predictions. Just today, in Madison, Ind., the most in a row. With supply totals shrinking and demand More .important, I predicted it would give successful burley sales season ever held totals expanding, the only answer is in in­ Government absolute power to manipulate in my district was completed. More creased production on a. conservative basis. feed grains prices, and thus weaken what is pounds of tobacco were sold, more money Estimates furnished my office show the left of the marketplace economy which, his­ was realized by growers there than ever industry will need about 585 million pounds torically, has served American agriculture before. It was a banner year for all of tobacco in 1964-and that poundage must so well. concerned. come from the crop that will be grown in The accuracy of this prediction was borne But even as the present year closed, 1962. With an average yield of 1,670 pounds out by excessive dumping of Government­ per acre, an increase in acreage to above owned corn on this year's market--more next year was opened at a meeting held than twice last year's volume-which effec­ today at the U.S. Department of Agri­ 350,000 acres is indicated and necessary. These factors make an increase in tobacco tively drove down the price of corn. I culture~ The meeting was held to dis­ acreage allotments imperative and the facts wholeheartedly concur with Secretary Free­ cuss next year's burley acreage allot­ I have cited here bear out my contention man that cheap corn means cheap livestock. ments with Members of Congress from that the needed increase in production wm In fact, as a result of this dumping, most the tobacco belt. best be realized by an acreage allotment of livestock items are today selling below last 6 percent. year, and next year's prices are expected to I am proud to say that these Members be even worse. of Congress unanimously recommended I am happy to join with my colleagues from Kentucky, Mr. WATTS, Mr. CHELF, Mr. Now comes the US:::>A news release of Oc­ an increase in the acreage allotments for tober 27, giving the philosophy behind plans next year. I was happy to join other of NATCHER, Mr. STUBBLEFIELD, and Mr. PERICINS, with the distinguished Senators from Ken­ for funding certi:flcates acquired under the my distinguished colleagues from sev­ tucky, Mr. COOPER and Mr. MORTON, and with "money in the springtime" feature of the eral States in support of these increases. my colleagues from North Carolina and Vir­ feed grains program. Mr. Speaker, under unanimous con­ ginia in recommending this increase. The first-listed objective is "to honor the sent, I include my presentation to the Department's general understanding with In conclusion, I should like to state that cooperators that they can expect to benefit Department of Agriculture on behalf of the tobacco industry has been so successful, by diverting their feed grain acreage to con­ the acreage increase at this point in the in my opinion, because of the w1llingness of servation uses." In other words, certificate RECORD: the tobacco farmers to cooperate with and sales will be paced to keep market prices help formulate the legislation· that governs STATEMENT 01' CONGRESSMAN EARL WILSON, low, as a reward to those who signed up and this program and because of the excellent punishment to those who did not. REPUBLICAN, OF INDIANA, BEFORE BURLEY jobs being done by the Department of Agri­ TOBACCO OUTLOOK MEETING HELD AT U.S. culture, the cooperative associations, and all Congress intended the certificate arrange­ DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, JANUARY 18, ment to be simply a means of :financing 1962 connected with the industry. part of the feed grains program cost. Curi­ Mr. Chairman, although my distinguished ously, in announcin~ the new sales policy, colleagues Mr. WATTS and Mr. CHELF repre­ USDA does not even list this among the sent most of the tobacco growers in the stated objectives. State of Kentucky, I believe that I repre­ A Quick Easy Way To Save Three out of five corn producers did not sent an even greater percentage of the to­ $150 Million . sign up under the program. With farmers' bacco growers in the State of Indiana. Over costs continuing to rise, it is shocking to me 8,000 tobacco growers are located in my· dis­ that the Department would continue delib­ trict,. EXTENSION OF REMARKS erately to punish the majority of corn Tobacco means much to the rural economy OF growers. of this area. It is one of the biggest money From the tone of the October 29 news crops and the biggest cash crop in terms of HON. PAUL FINDLEY report, you seem to be puzzled as to what farm-to-market money that is realized. OF ILLINOIS to do in farm legislation. The tobacco farmers in my district I respectfully urge that you: for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVF.s whom I speak are almost all satisfied and 1. Order Secretary of Agriculture Orville happy with the present burley program. Thursday, January 18, 1962 Freeman to handle the funding of certifi­ . They are just today completing a wonderful cates in a manner that will provide the least sales season during which tobacco brought Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, this date adverse infiuence on market prices, and to higher prices than ever before. I have written to the President of the desist from these callous market-breaking The reason for the record prices are read­ United States urging him to take direct sales of Government-owned grain. ily understandable. Boiled down, it is this­ action to prevent needless waste of $150 2. Order Secretary Freeman to keep the American people are using tobacco at million on ''phantom aoces" in the "phantom acres" out of the 1962 feed grains an ever-growing rate; export markets are administration of the 1962 feed grains program. Sloppy administration of the 1961 demanding more and more of the crop. But, program. / progra.Ill resulted in $150 million waste. while disappearance of tobacco grown has Farmers were paid to retire 20 million corn been increasing, production hasn't kept pace. "Phantom acres" caused ' approxi­ acres, but the reduction in corn acreage only In 1957 there was a total of 217 million mately $150 million waste in the program amounted to 15 million. In other words, pounds of burley in the hands of coopera­ last year, and a similar waste will occur taxpayers shelled out $150 IllilUon for apout tive asso9iations. Today that supply has this year if nothing is done. 5 million acres that were not actually corn 564 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSH January 18 acres. My bill, H.R. 9329, to prohibit paid · Your earlier letter was written at a time JANUARY 18, 1962. retirement of such "phant-:>m acres," would when much misinformation and distortion The Honorable JOHN F. KENNEDY, stop this sloppy adminisf,Tation in 1962, but of facts concerning the 1961 feed grain pro­ President of the United States, you could accomplish this by direct order to gram had been appearing in the press. Your The White House, your &cretary. letter to . the President was evidently Washington, D.C.· s. Enact a program to get Government out prompted by some of the same press reports DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: I have received a let­ of the grain business, so farmers can once which caused us to issue on November 9 a ter dated December 28, ·1961, from Secretary more produce for the marketplace, instead statement to correct some of . the then cur­ of Agriculture Orville L. Freeman, in re­ of Government bins. I invite your attention · rent misinformation. A copy of this press sponse to my letters to you of November 1 to my proposal, H.R. 8306, which would end release is attached. Fortunately, stories and December 19, 1961. the surplus grain headache by selling stocks which have appeared in the newspapers in Secretary Freeman has failed to under­ back to farmers at attractive prices in ex­ the past 45 days have corrected some of the stand my concern over the so-called "phan­ change for short-term land retirement. original misinformation. However, as is tom acres." In his letter, Mr. Freeman As a member of the Committee on Agri­ usually the case 'in such situations the cor­ stated: culture, I am deeply interested in the wel­ rection is never brought to the attention "You indicate that 'phantom acres' could fare of the American farmer and would wel­ of all of the people who received the original be kept out of the 1962 feed grain program by come the opportunity to discuss these ideas erroneous information. good administration and that your bill H.R. with you personally. It is evident from your letters that you 9329 would prohibit payment for 'phantom Sincerely yours, are under the impres ~ ion that actions of acres.' In any voluntary program some of the PAUL FINDLEY, this Department have been designed to or participation wm be offset by persons who Representative in Congress, have had the effect of punishing corngrow­ remain outside of the program and increase 20th District, Illinois. ers who did not participate in the 1961 their corn plantings. This was true with feed grain program. This is not correct. respect to the 1961 feed grain program. It DECEMBER 19, 1961. In order to determine just how the farmer will be true to some extent with respect to The Honorable JOHN F. KENNEDY, who elected not to participate in the feed the 1962 feed grain program, and would be President of the United States, the White grain program has made out it is appropri­ equally true with respect to the program House, Washington, D.C. ate to attempt to determine what would you proposed." · DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: On November 1, I have happened if the 1961 feed grain pro­ Mr. Freeman misses the point completely. wrote to you in regard to the feed grains gram had not been enacted. Secretary Ben­ Payment for "phantom acres" has nothing program which I suspect is a disappointment son had reduced the corn price support level whatever to do with increased planting by to both of us. Certainly it is to me. for 1960 6 cents below the 1959 level. Ac­ those who remained outside the 1961 pro­ In my letter, I suggested three courses of cordingly, with no program we would have gram. action which could improve the feed grains expected the market price for the 1960 corn situation next year. So far, I have not had to average about 6 cents per bushel below The simple fact is that the 1959-6,0- aver­ acknowledgment of my letter, and I want 1959 for the first part of the marketing year age corn acreage planted, according to offi­ to repeat my desire to work with you for and for this spread to widen as it became cial U.S. Department of Agriculture statis­ the improvement of American agriculture. tics, equaled 82.2 million acres, but the base apparent that weather conditions for 1961 acreage assigned to corn producers laiit year, I look forward to your reply and to the would be ideal and that record yields per acre according to an official report to the Presi­ opportunity to consult with you personally would be produced. The market price data dent of the Senate dated June 21, 1961, about this grave problem. indicate, however, that the prices at which equaled 87,047,000 acres. Both figures re­ Sincerely yours, farmers sold their 1960 crop corn have been lated solely to average annual planting his­ PAUL FINDLEY, fully as high and perhaps a little higher tory for the 2-year period, 1959 and 1960. Representative in Congress, than could have been expected without the The figures should be the same, not 5 mil­ 20th District, IZZinois. 1961 feed grain program. Preliminary data lion acres apart. indicate that farmers have received an aver.:. THE WHITE HOUSE, December 21 , 1961. age of $1 per bushel of 1960 corn sold as com­ In administering the 1961 program, the Hon. PAUL FINDLEY, pared with an average of $1.04 per bushel Department apparently made no serious at­ House of Representatives, for 1959. Any objective analysis with com­ tempt to distinguish between actual history and what the history was claimed to ~ have Washington, D.C. plete statistical information available will been. DEAR CONGRESSMAN: The President has indicate that farmers have received more not asked me to thank you for your letter of · less for 1960 corn than would have been the Just how did the 5-million-acre differ­ December 19 in further reference to the feed case if no new legislation had been enacted. ence, real "phantom acres," come about? grains situation for next year. There is one other erroneous assumption When I first wrote to you on November 1, Upon receipt of your previous letter, the indicated in your letter which I should cor­ I was inclined to think the $150 million President requested that it be brought to rect. You indicate that "phantom acres" waste on "phantom acres" was due to a com­ the attention of Secretary Freeman for direct could be kept out of the 1962 feed grain bination of loose administration and over­ reply to you. I am sorry that you have not program by good administration and that zealous efforts by the army of USDA field­ received an acknowledgment. your bill H.R. 9329 would prohibit payment men conducting the signup. However, we will again take the matter for "phantom acres." In any voluntary Since then, I have discovered an item in up with the Department of Agriculture and program some of the participation will be Department of Agriculture regulations which again request that the matter be checked offset by persons who remain outside of the makes this waste appear to be invited. into immediately and a further reply be sent program and increase their corn plantings. On page 5358 of the Federal Register dated to you. I am sure you will be hearing This was true with respect to the 1961 feed June 15, 1961, you wm find this item among from his office in the ~ery near future. grain program. It will be true to some ex­ regulations covering administration of the Sincerely yours, tent with respect to the 1962 feed grain pro­ 1961 feed grains program: LAWRENCE F. O'BRIEN, gram, and would be equally true with re­ "In those counties where the Department Special Assistant to the President. spect to the program you proposed. of Agriculture has established the average I hope you will read the complete press adjusted corn and grain sorghum acreage DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, release of November 9 which corrects some produced in the county in 1959 and 1960 Washington, D.C., December 28, 1961. of the misstatements ma.de by enemies of for use as a guide in determining the feed Hon. PAUL FINDLEY, the farm program and shows that the 1961 grain base for farms in the county, the House of Representatives. feed grain program has not been a failure total feed grain bases for all farms in the DEAR MR. FINDLEY: The White House has but has .achieved its purposes. One of the county, excluding any increase in farm feed requested that we reply to your letter of most gratifying aspects of our efforts to date grain base resulting from corrections, re­ December 19 concerning the feed grain pro­ is the fact that the decline in farm income quests for reconsideration or appeals, pur­ gram. On checking into the ~tter we have has been arrested and a substantial increase suant to the provisions of paragraph 495.13 found that your letter of December 19 to wm take place this year. It is also gratify­ to the extent practicable, shall not exceed the President was a followup of an earlier ing that for the first time in many years 105 percent of such average adjusted corn letter of November 1. It is our understand­ there will be a reduction in the CCC feed and grain sorghum acreage." ing that the letter of November 1 was also grain inventory and a start has been made This is a clear invitation to 5 percent ex­ referred to this Department by the White in eliminating the storage costs which were aggeration in crop histories. Here is the House. Hc;iwever, we have been unable to brought about by the buildup of commodity clue to "phantom acres," because 5 percent locate this letter in the Department or to surpluses in the period from 1952 to 1960. of 82.2 million acres is 4.1 million acres. determine why it was not answered promptly. If you have any additional questions I That represents over 80 percent of the 5 In order to prepare a comprehensive reply to will be pleased to answer them. I again million elusive acres. your letter of December 19 we requested wish to express my regret over the delay in Please advise me under what authority your Washington office to supply us with a replying fl> your letters. the Secretary authorized the county com­ copy of the earlier communication. We Sincerely yours, mittees to exceed official county acreage base obtained the copy on December 27 and are ORVILLE L. FREEMAN, by 5 percent plus the amounts needed for now in a position to reply to both letters. Secretary. corrections and appeals. 1-96~ CONGRESSIONA.I: ~ RECORD' ~ ' HOUSE 565

In both the 1961 and 1962 programs, the These stand as constant reminders-of No ~atter how we may look upon war, the law clearly requires adherence to the official the sacrifices made by many people for the great. causes served, and, at the same time, 1959-60 planting l1istories. causes of freedom-for which we-as a na­ the evils involved in .the execution of war, When cotton was once more placed under tion-have contended. there is this fact to remember: Those who controls in 1954, the USDA spent consider­ Each memorial or historical marker has a died have given their lives for the sake of / able time "squeezing the water out" of in­ beauty all its own-and is especially pre­ others. dividual farmer's recollection of their his­ cious to the people-whose loved ones are So, we recall·on Veterane Day the deeds of torical acreage data. remembered thereby. sacrifice, the ideals of those who died, anci Similar care has been exercised in admin­ Someone has said that a nation is known the causes for which they gave their lives, istering tobacco, peanuts, rice and wheat by the character of the men it crowns. even though tlle causes may not have been programs, in order to avoid exaggerated his­ Measured by this standard our Nation may clearly defined at the time, in the minds tories. claim the highest honor because of the cor­ of alt Americans. Indeed, the invitation to "phantom acres" onation observance on this Veterans Day. War is an awful thing. under the feed grains program seems to be The crowns we bring here are not those The inhumanities of war are beyond de- a first. I can find no record where any pre­ that adorn the brows of kings-they are not scription. , vious Secretary of Agriculture allowed a 5 jeweled with precious stones-but they are Therefore, the people of the -world should percent overstatement of planting history. made of respect-eternal gratitude and lov­ look upon the waging of war as the greatest This regulatory invitation accounts for ing remembrance. of evils. most of the $150 million waste last year on Veterans Day endeavors to do a necessary Nevertheless, those who have fought and "phantom acres." and important thing in t:Q.e life of America. died for the sake of great causes, are to be A similar waste will occur in the 1962 feed At the same time-Veterans Day endeavors remembered for their sacrifices, and honored grains program unless my bill H.R. 9329, to do a difficult thing. for their service. prohibiting payment for "phantom acres," is The type of patriotism that stirs us today They have given "the last full measure of enacted-or, unless you direct your Secre­ is not an every day emotion. devotion." tary of Agriculture to stop this waste him­ It is-in the words of John Galsworthy­ It is recalled that 15 years and more, self_ by striking froin 1962 regulations the a secret lamp-hardly to be seen when the following the outbreak of, World War II, the authority for 5 percent overstate~ent of world is at peace. people of Poland, Germany, France, England, planting history. All the flne_st and most generous emotions Japan, the Philippines, and Africa, were The country faces serious budgetary prob­ of American citizens are of this type. laboring to clear away the destruction lems, and I am sur~ you will welcome this The most sensitive affections of human brought to them by the ravages of war. quick !tnd easy way to prevent needless waste beings for one another, however, rise and After over 15 years, evidence still remained. of the $150 million this year. fall, ang f?UCh. affection may be ignored, in The skeletons of great buildings, stood as It's not too late, and I hope you will find the rush of our active lives. stark and gruesome reminders of the trag­ it possible to give this your personal atten­ However, our affections do flare up in the edies and suffering of war. tion. hour of danger, the hour of disaster. In this connection, I am reminded of the Sincerely yours, It is when one's country is faced with the words of a London physician spoken during PAUL FINDLEY, gravest of problems, that many turn to her the war years: Representative in Congress. aid with increasing desire to sacrifice. "It takes all our time to keep ourselves flt To state in so many words, the degree and to live-and perhaps die-for something quality of patriotism we feel today is not more glorious than life." possible. As we look at the war memorials across Yet Veterans Day surely deserves no less our Nation-and hold our service of dedica­ Veterans Day Program, Altoona, Pa., of our support. tion-we are reminded of the spirit of sac­ November 11, 1961 If the feeling of remembrance and honor, rifice. for those who served in war, wanes as each We are also reminded that they went war recedes in time, and the perils of those forth-they did not always ask us why. EXTENSION OF REMARKS wars are forgotten, the monuments erected To complete the purpose of Veterans' OF throughout the Nation will serve a vital pur­ Day we must in turn dedicate ourselves pose in helping us rememb~r. to the causes for which those we honor gave HON. JAMES E. VAN ZANDT Furthermore, the significance of Veterans their lives. OF PENNSYLVANIA Day will never be lost if all our fine veteran We must give something of ourselves-for organizations, . together with other respon­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the causes to which they gave themselves­ sible citizens, cooperate to stir our grateful or else they wm have died in vain. Thursday, January 18, 1962 patriotism to action. Today our obligations are set in a strange • • • 4 It is common knowledge, that each gen­ _Mr. VAN ZANDT. Mr. _ Speaker, it new kind of world. eration tends to forget the war fought by At times they represent a combination of was a privilege to participate in the ob­ the previous generation. three world-challenging situations: servance of Veterans Day, November 11, The failure of this country to prepare for 1. The revolutions of those who would be 1961, at Altoona, Pa., at which time I conflict on several past occassions, bears cyn­ free. delivered the following address: ical witness to this fact. This great country of ours was founded 2. The space age. VETERANS DAY ADDRESS BY REPRESENTATIVE upon certain basic and unchangeable prin­ 3.- The gigantic horror of the explosions JAMES E. VAN ZANDT, MEMBER OF CONGRESS, ciples. of atomic bombs by the Soviet Union. 20TH DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA AT AL­ Our Founding Fathers had long years of The truth is, we have been thrust into TOONA, PA.: NOVEMBER 1i, 1961 experience with English tyranny. this awesome era of human history, through It is a privilege to return home on Veter­ They came to the shores of a new nation varied developments. ans Day and to participate in the annual that they · might reestablish the dignity of Consider the fact that the peoples of the program tn tribute to the veterans of all man. world have plunged into a period of revolu­ wars in which this Nation has been engaged. They founded this Nation on a doctrine of tion unparalleled in global history. Veterans Day, 1961, should be a most liberty and a belief in God. In technological change, for example, the solemn national holiday. They recognized another fact, that man past century has brought more advance Today we are linked especially close with was not a supernatural being, that he had than the 1,000 years which preceded. · the veterans organizations of the Nation as a mortal soul. One man who has discussed this idea, we observe November p with appropriate They recognized that liberty was not a David Sarnoff, president of the Radio Corp. ceremonies. - license to be stored away and forgotten, filed of America, has emphasized the increasing No matter when or where such services away like a paid-off mortgage. speed at which new powers, new products, are being conducted I believe that the same Our Founding Fathers recognized that and new processes, have been developed. basic desire is lodged deep in the hearts of liberty implied responsibility. Mr. Sarnoff has said this, and I quote: all Americans. We became involved in the First World "It is not merely a case of continued in­ We wish to remember our past with re­ War at the sinking of the Lusitania, and we crease, but of continued acceleration of spect and honor. went into that war, because we believed in increase." We wish to bring the meanings of the making the "world safe for democracy." In rapid order old orders of society are past-into the light of present day prob­ We wanted to bring s~lf-determination to swept away and new ones are struggling to lems-so that with the old and the new­ all nations of the world. be born on every contine~t. we can press forward with renewed hope in After that struggle, we looked with doubt Old empires and kings have fallen. our hearts for a better tomorrow. upon certain situations, that 'developed in New nations and forces are rising to The beautiful granite and marble memori­ the peace that followed. change life on earth. ials in our towns and cities from coast to But we soon learned that we could not Revolution, sometimes quiet, sometimes coast-bear the names of the men and wom­ live in peace, unless we were prepared to violent, has become the hallmark of our en who gave their lives in past wars. defend it. · · · time.

/ 566 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECOllr> - HOUSE January 18 The world was blasted into the nuclear Law a.hd the discharge of law 1s not, or London and Paris, ·where his personal age with the bombs dropped on Hiroshima. should not be, the sole obligation of those popularity and prestige contributed and Nagasaltl in 1945. offidals of government who write the laws vastly to the general estimate of the Through atomic fission, power was multi­ and put them into force. United States of America in the form­ plied 1,000 times over conventional explo­ It is rather the responsiblllty of all citi­ sives. zens of this great country to see that the ative years of the Republic. So many Through atomic · fusion ln hydrogen laws which are adopted are those which they sided was Ben Franklin's genius that the bombs since then, power has been multiplied believe express the desires of the voting Dictionary of American Biography re­ another 1,000 times. power of the country. quires seven words to categorize his Thus ln a few short years man has multi­ Our country was founded on a doctrine career, "printer, author, philanthropist, plied possible power by 1 million times. of liberty. inventor, statesman, diplomat~ scientist." This almost incredible increase in power Every citizen should not only appreciate He was not a compartmented man, , can be used for construction and for a bet­ the many advantages which are the heritage ter life, or lt can be used for destruction and of an American-but also should recognize following these different vocations at death. the responsibllitles which are his, responsi­ different times, and in different circum­ Humanity was launched into the space bilities necessary to preserve the advantages. stances, but a whole and many-~ided age when the first manmade satellite was You can do so by studying the principles man, who astounded those who knew him hurled into orbit around our planet in 1957. of freedom, by absorbing the ideals of our best by the depth of his knowledge and Man's life entered new dimensions of country's patriotism, by voting your honest the scope .of his activities in each field. space, and also of fear and hope. convictions, and by inte111gently expressing It is appropriate that printing is men­ All the potentials for good or evil are your views on subjects of national and in­ multiplied by the mi111onfold increase of ternat ional importance. tioned first among Franklin's activities, power available through nuclear energy. Preparedness for a good future must come for printing was the first trade and pro­ Now humanity trembles from day to day. in many ways. fession by which he made his living, We fear and hope. - We think of life and It must come not only in adequate and he never ceased to think of himself death. weapons but must be nourished in the primarily as a printer. As a boy of 17, But we continue to rush into the nuclear hearts and minds of a responsible citizenry. when he came to Philadelphia, he was space age. The task before us as we commemorate already a printer of practical experience The decisions we will make in interna­ Veterans Day 1961 ls challenging and clear. and of outstanding skill and competence. tional relations in the days ahead, and years The battle for freedom against false doc­ ahead, are fateful. trine of world communism ls ever with us. That he looked upon himself as a printer 'i'b.ey may well mean the difference be­ It ls more than a battle for the minds is demonstrated dramatically by his fa­ tween nuclear destruction of much of the of men. mous epitaph on himself, with its typical human race or, by the graoe of God, a world The demands of the day are great. mixture of sincere solemnity and quizzi­ with new potentialities for human good, for Russia claims to be ready to make every cal humor: more knowledge, for further exploration of sacrifice to fasten her regime upon areas the mysteries of the inner human world and of the world that are now demanding free­ The body of Benjamin Franklin, printer outer space among the planets. dom and a new way of life. (like the cover of an old book, its contents This, my friends, is the world picture we torn out, and stripped of its lettering and Our thoughts on this Veterans Day in gilding), lies here food for worms. Yet the face. 1961 must conclude with a dedication to But lt ls especlaUy appropriate, as well as the causes of freedom, education, and jus­ work itself shall not be lost, for it will (as he urgent, that, on this Veterans' Day, we tice for all people. believes) appear once more in a new and should be particularly concerned about in­ If we neglect to dedicate ourselves to more beautiful edition corrected and ternational relations. strive with increased vigor in preserving the amended by the Author. Once known as Armistice Day, November human dignity of mankind we shall not Throughout his life Franklin main­ 11 continues to be a time for exploring ways honor the veterans of all wars. tained a constant interest and actfvity in to develop peace with justice and freedom. For in the final analysis, a listless and printing, and in matters connected with ~ Even as we recall the sacrifices of the past, indifferent attitude in combating the · evils we must turn our minds to our responsi­ of world cotnmunism can destroy any hope printing, such as the publishing of maga­ bil1ty in this nuclear space age. for a bright and peacetul future for the zines and books, his famous Poor Rich­ We must not think of Altoona, Pa., as far family of nations. ard's Almanack, and the fervent support removed from the troubles of mankind in This is a challenge hurled by the Commu­ of any enterprise in furtherance of the our other 49 States, or fa.r removed from nist world which we cannot escape. dissemination of knowledge through the troubles of mankind in the countries Therefore, on this Veterans Day 1961, let reading. Libraries, learned societies, around our globe. us fervently ask Almighty· God to help us educational institutions-all owe much This ls a· privileged spot to call home. to never deliberately ignore it-lest we to the enthusiastic sponsorship of Dr. Located as we are in the mountains of perish as a nation through our indiiference Benjamin Franklin. One of the most Pennsylvania, we enjoy ln Blair County some and stupidity. apt commemorations of this great Phila­ of tl~e most marvelous mountain scenery Rather let us implore from the innermost that can be seen anywhere. recesses of our hearts: delphia printer and publisher is the From their inception, Altoona and Blair "Lord God of Hosts be with us yet-lest annual celebration of his birthday by a County have always maintained an enviable we forget. portrait on the cover of the Saturday record for the patriotic fervor of their popu­ "Lest we forget." Evening Post, successor to a paper he lations in national emergencies. had founded. In short, we are the possessors of a great Franklin's career as an author also and good heritage, which must be shared with future generations. began early. When he was working for The security of the succeeding genera­ The Birthday of Benjamin Fr~nklin his brother, as an apprentice printer, be­ tions who will occupy this county in the tween the ages of 12 and 17, he became years ahead is ln our hands. · EXTENSION OF REMARKS an avid reader, not only of the pamphlets The ability of Blair County to remain in OJ' and magazines he helped to print, but a haven for law-abiding people to work and of all the books he could get hold of. live in, ls quite dependent upon the ability HON. HERMAN TOLL Fascinated by Addison's Spectator, he of the entire United States and the other OF PENNSYLVANIA began of his own accord the literary ap­ nations of the world to maintain freedom in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES prenticeship later so enthusiastically rec­ the future. ommended by Stevenson, and wrote es­ As I stated a few minutes ago, ln order to Thursday, January 18, 1962 complete the purpose of thiS Veterans' Day, says in imitation of Addison's literary we must dedicate ourselves anew to the M~. TOLL. Mr. Speaker, the Phila­ style. In this medium, so eminently causes for which those we honor gave their delphia congressional delegation calls suited to his own temperament and mode lives. attention to the birthday of a great of thought, he soon became proficient. We must give something of ourselves for Philadelphian, the birthday of Benjamin His earliest essays, signed with the pseu­ their sake and for the sake of the entire Franklin. donym, "Silence Dogood," were slipped world. · Benjamin Franklin, whose 256th birth­ secretly under his brother's door, and, In my judgment, there 1s no person who much to his delight, appeared in print. so completely neglects his duty lri this trou­ day was celebrated yesterday, ·is re­ bled world as one who fails to discharge his membered with grateful affection and From Addison he had learned to com­ obligations of citizenshlp. admiration in Boston, the city of his bine elegance of expression with sim­ Let us never forget that the sovereign birth, in Philadelphia, the city enriched plicity, and he soon mastered the art of power of the United States iS vested ln its by his residence for the greater part of leavening serious thought with touches people. his life, and in the f oreigh capitals of of wit and facetiousness. 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 567 Franklin's reputation as a writer is to all. John Adams said of Franklin's ernor of Pennsylvania, second State to great, and well deserved. His autobiog- reputation in France: ratify, participated in the second week 1·aphy has served for the entertainment His name was familiar to government and events. and instruction of youth for many gen­ people • · • • to such a degree that there was At the end of the year will come Alaska erations, and will so serve for many a scarcely a peasant or a citizen, a valet de and Hawaii, admitted to the Union in century to come. His home truths, as chambre, coachman, or footman, a lady's 1958 and 1959, respectively. succinctly phrased in "Poor Richard's chambermaid, or a scullion in a kitchen who The ceremonies will be under the di­ was not familiar with it, and who did not rection of the Philadelphia Committee Almanack," and his witticisms as gleaned consider him as a friend to humankind. from his conversation and letters, are When they spoke of him, they seemed to for the l 75th Anniversary of the Consti­ still in the common language of all of us. think he was to restore the Golden Age. tution. It is probable that Mark Twain is his only Each week's ceremonies will feature a rival for the post of most quoted Amer­ When you mail or receive a letter, re­ color guard, representing the different ican author. member, it was Benjamin Franklin who branches of the armed services. During We are all beneficiaries of Franklin's inaugurated the postal service. When January, there will be a Navy color guard philanthropic thoughts for the general you reflect upon the fact that we live for the flags. A band and bugler will benefit of mankind, for the establish­ under a free and stable Government, play. ment of governmental services, and for remember, Benjamin Franklin was one Among organizations participating the education of youth, as well as for of the chief influences in the Convention will be the Sons of the American Revolu­ local institutions ,0f a more specifically that built up our Constitution out of tion, the Daughters of. the American philanthropic character. It was he who the interplay of forces of order and Revolution, the Descendants of Signers initiated projects for establishing the liberty. When you look back upon the of the Declaration of Independence, and city police in Philadelphia, for paving young heroes and fire-eaters that in­ the Colonial Dames of America. the city streets, and for improving their spired the American Revolution, remem­ The Boy Scouts of America, Girl Scouts cleaning and lighting. He also was ber the quiet thinker and epigramma­ of America, the National Commission of largely instrumental in establishing the tist who did as much as any to bring a the 175th Anniversay of the Constitution, circulating library in Philadelphia, which powerful and self-sufficient country out and the National Park Service, which was the first in America; the city hospi­ of that conflict. operates Independence National Park, tal, and the Academy for the Education also will take active parts in the weekly of Youth which has since become the ceremonies. University of Pennsylvania. The eye­ sight of many is greatly assisted by Constitution Year Franklin's invention, the bifocal lens, and even after two centuries the Frank­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS Altoona, Pa., Community Chest Campaign lin stove remains a common object in OF Dinner our country places, supplying a cheery and efficient heat, with little expendi­ HON. HERMAN TOLL ture of fuel and great ease of manage­ OF PENNSYLVANIA EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF ment. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES As a scientist, Franklin was chiefly re­ Thursday, January 18, 1962 HON. JAMES E. VAN ZANDT markable for his investigations and dis­ OF PENNSYLVANIA coveries in. the field of electricity, in Mr. TOLL. Mr. .Speaker, during the which he not only worked out some im­ 86th Congress the Honorab~e JAMES A. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. portant fundamental concepts, such as BYRNE introduced a bill-House Joint Thursday, January 18, 1962 the relationship betwen lightning, static Resolution 605-providing for the crea­ tion of a Federal Commission to prepare Mr. VAN ZANDT. Mr. Speaker, on electricity, and electricity in its other October 5, 1961, it was a pleasure to par­ forms and uses. ·His experiments, and plans for the celebration of the 175th anniversary of the creation of the Fed­ ticipate in the opening kickoff dinner of the fascinating accounts of the~ in Peter the . Altoona Community Chest cam­ Collinson's book, "Experiments and .Ob­ eral Constitution. It was my privilege to submit the report of the Committee on paign, Altoona, Pa., and to deliver the servations on Electricity, Made at Phila­ following address: delphia in America, by Mr. Benjamin the Judiciary, which considered the bill, Franklin," inspired immediate interest to the House of Representatives. The ADDRESS BY REPRESENTATIVE JAMES E. VAN bill was passed by the Congress, signed ZANDT, MEMBER OF CONGRESS, 20TH DIS­ and emulation, and Benjamin Franklin TRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA, AT THE 1961-62 was thenceforth admired and his com­ by the President, and became Public Law ALTOONA COMMUNITY CHEST CAMPAIGN pany sought by the scientists and inven­ 86-650. DINNER, PENN ALTO HOTEL, ALTOONA, PA., tors of Europe and America . . An elaborate year-long celebration of OCTOBER 6, 1961 Franklin's position as a statesman was the 175th anniversary of the U.S. Con­ It is a privilege to be with you this eve­ high, even in that age of great phi­ stitution will be held during 1962 in ning for the 1961-62 community chest cam­ losophers of statecraft, and masters of Philadelphia, where the document was paign dinner. · eloquence and political practice. The conceived and ratified. You have to your credit two consecutive combination of ·his quiet wisdom, wide The flags of the 50 States will fly from over-the-goal campaigns in the last 2 years. Independence Hall during the year, and Under your able campaign chairman, Roy renown, and humility of manner, made K. McDaniel, you can expect to make it three · him deeply influential in the affairs of each State will be honored for a full week successes in a row. the American Colonies, and in the dis­ in order of its acceptance into the Union. I understand that the dollar goal for this cussions and occurrences leading up to All 50 will be honored during Freedom year's drive is going to be almost a quarter the Revolution. Even ·during his long Week, June 27 to July 4, and during of a million dollars-$232,250 to be exact­ ·residence in London, his opinions were Constitution Week, beginning September and that is only as a minimum. looked to at long range, and despite the 17. That is a high mark to shoot for. lapse of time necessary for communica­ The Governor of each State, or a rep­ And when you do achieve it-when you tion at that period, as wisdom essential resentative, will attend weekly cere­ do go over the top-then you will be glad you set. yourselves that challenging ~k to the proper conduct of 'our affairs. monies throughout the year at Inde­ and your satisfaction in success will be that As a diplomat, Franklin was certainly pendence Hall, as one flag after another much greater. one of the most outstanding successes is raised. The mayor of the city will As I say, you have a winning streak going. the world has ever seen. Deeply loved be the host. Another victorious drive this time will .. in France by the philosophers and rulers, The first program took place on generate more public response next time. and equally by the common people, he Wednesday, January 3. The remaining Success is contagious. Everyone is pulling for you and the more swerved not an inch from loyal service flag raising ceremonies will be held on often these drives go over the top and by a to the interest of his country, and in a Tuesdays, except during Freedom Week big margin the harder it will be for the time of difficulty and tension within and Constitution Week. community to let you down. the French kingdom, he managed to The Governor of Delaware, which was I understand also that the possibility of maintain his position, and the position first to ratify the Constitution, was pres­ a united fund for all of Blair County is of the United States, as friend and ally ent at the opening ceremony. · The Gov- under discussion. 568 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 18 Altoona is the focal point for this pos­ Too often, it seems to me, we let our daily People are pulllng for you, and with the sibility. lives settle into a routine. knowledge of such confidence It is my ardent If you do well again this year then the We see the same friends, engage in the same hope It will serve as an added Incentive in chances for a united fund for the entire activities week after week, maybe even take reaching the goal in this year's community county are that much better. the same night out for relaxation week after chest campaign. As you begin this 1961 campaign keep week. in mind there are 23 agencies giving health, We even begin to classify ourselves as welfare, and youth services to this commu­ members of certain clubs, of a certain profes­ nity-to the people whose doorbells you sion, of a certain church, of a certain eco­ will be ringing. nomic group, and we tend to overlook the Equality for Women of the ' Press If these agencies have sufficient funds to fact that we have other wider loyalties or support the best kind of service they know should have. EXTENSION OF REMARKS how to give; if people can be made to see­ One of these wider loyalties is the town or OF the good works they are doing; then future community we are a part of. successes for the community chest idea are The community chest calls this to our at- HON. CRAIG HOSMER assured-in Altoona and in the larger com­ . tention each year and gives us a new oppo.r­ OF CALIFORNIA munity of Blair County. tunity-even forces us--to meet new people There's another point I want to make and to enlarge our interests to break out of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES about the dollar goal you have set up for our fairly narrow circles and to become in­ Thursday, January 18, 1962 this year. volved with other members of the commu­ I said that this will be a challenge and nity whom we might otherwise overlook and Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, in his a source of satisfaction when you do attain never meet. state of the Union address to Congress, it. This experience often proves to be both President Kennedy said: The second point is this: This high mark enjoyable and eye opening. America stands for progress in human to shoot for must elicit the full support And it more than makes up for the occa­ rights as well as in economic affairs, and a. of the whole community. sional distress and panic-button pushing strong America requires the assurance of full There will be a premium on 100-percent which volunteer work entails. and equal rights to all its citizens, of any participation by all members of the com­ Maybe I can give you some idea of what a race or of any color. munity; because it is not enough that the layman thinks of the community chest. generous donors continue to give the way What does the name mean for the fellow The President said his administration they have in the past. on the other side of the doorbell? has shown as never before how much Their full support of this campaign can­ What I am about to say should encourage could be done through the full use of not take up the slack which results when you. executive power-through the enforce­ other members of the community for one I hope it doesn't make you overconfident. ment· of laws already passed by Con­ reason or other fall far short of the con­ I hope it simply reinforces your personal tributions they should be making. convictions about the work in which you are gress-to secure the constitutional rights The New York Yankees are in the world's engaged. · of all. series again this year and part of the reason Because if each volunteer worker on his President Kennedy said he issued a. is that their batting lineup from the lea.d­ rounds can make his own conviction felt by comprehensive order last March to guar­ off man down through the No. 8 position the persons he comes in contact with, he will antee right and equal employment in all can be depended upon. do a marvelous job in this year's campaign. Federal agencies and contractors. He It is not just a case of Roger Maris and For one thing the man on the street knows said the Vice President's committee has Mickey Mantle holding up the rest of the the name of the community chest a.nd he batting order. trusts it. done much to achieve success in opening '.!'here is also the matter of Yogi Berra and You may have been around before and if so to all races new professional, supervi­ Bill Skowron. he remembers you. sory, and other job opportunities. And of Elston Howard, hitting high in the He also knows that the essence of your pro­ It is shocking that the President did .300's, and of men like Bobby Richardson, gram is the single campaign for several not pledge his support for equal job op­ Tony Kubek, John Blanchard, and Cletus worthy causes. portunities for women. It is doubly Boyer. He thinks this ls an intelligent way to shocking that discrimination against These men can be counted upon to help operate and he respects you for considering women is tolerated within the White each other out; pick each other up when his own desires not to be bothered by re­ necessary; and to put out a team effort peated and disorganized appeals for his help. House, and that President Kennedy is which is hard to beat. · He knows that the community chest Idea aware of this. The same type of cooperation, the same has brought a good deal of order, organiza­ I refer to the Whit-e House Corre­ working together, is what is required for a tion, and commonsense into charitable spondents Association composed of men ·successful community chest campaign. giving. and women reporters accredited to the The effect of a sizable and generous con­ While he knows this, I sometimes wonder White House and to the President's press tributlon from one person ls diminished whether he tra,nslates it into a money con­ conferences. Men and women reporters when his next-door neighbor cannot be tribution of sufficient and appropriate size. reached--or fails to understand-that he pay the same dues. The women members We can only hope he does recognize by his of the White House Correspondents As­ too has a duty to give. donation the sensible and bus.lnesslike way When everyone realizes that his neighbors in which the community chest drive ls car­ sociation have been judged equal pro­ are depending on him, then the task-be it ried out. fessionally by their peers, their fellow in baseball or in your community chest There have been scandalous reports lately members. campaign-is far, far easier for all con­ of rackets in the charity field; of organiza­ It seems incredible, but women mem­ cerned. bers of the White House Correspondents So your duty is to reach every person, every tions which swallow up in salaries and pub­ household, every ·organization, and every licity fully 50 percent and more of donations Association have never been permitted businessman in Altoona and show him that collected. to attend the White House Correspond­ he must get on this bandwagon; show him These reports only serve to increase the ents Association dinner for the President. that his neighbors are putting out a full high regard in which the community chest In 1961, President Kennedy, his Cabinet, effort and that he must too if this year's is held. including Secretary of Labor Goldberg­ campaign is to be successful. Your administration costs are extremely the man who has so often lambasted pri­ I know that these good citizens want to low. vate clubs-other New Frontiersmen, and hear your message. As volunteer workers you are respected Members of Congress attended the White They know when they think about it how members of the community who simply put much better off this or any other community on a different hat and put extra hours and House Correspondents Association din­ is when it can have the benefit of the extra energy into this worthwhile campaign. ner from which women members were humanitarian services which the 23 health That is something else which the housewife excluded. and welfare agencies of the Altoona Com­ and her husband-the people on the other Beautiful Broadway and Hollywood munity Che"St make available. side of the doorbell-appreciate. women stars generously gave their tal­ There is always something particularly So in this year's campaign for the commu­ ent to entertain at the dinner, and they exciting and satisfying in a community nity chest--with the high standards of per­ were welcomed at predinner cocktail project of this sort. formances you have set for yourself-you parties attended by the New Frontier. Part of the excitement is in the simple fact have e-very reason to be confident. of a group of citizens getting together to You have a fine organization with an en­ According to press reports, the President achieve a useful and noble purpose and above viable reputation. attended one of these parties. all the great joy in achieving it. People want you to talk to them with con­ Not one of the New Frontiersmen, nor But there is something else worthy of viction about the part they can play in help· the liberal newspapermen, who are re­ consideration. ing you reach your goals. signing from private clubs, has ever spo- 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 569 ken up for the women reporters of the therefore ask unanimous consent that There are at least three other medical White House Correspondents Associa­ the address of the Senator from Oregon fields in which governments at all levels play a very large role, mainly through finan­ tion, who have to earn their livings. I may be printed in the RECORD. cial subsidy. They are in hospital construc­ also note that New Frontiersmen and There being no objection, the address tion, medical education, and medical re­ other liberals do not seem to be resign­ was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, search. All three are heavily supported at ing from their other clubs and lodges as follows: the State and local level, with additional which are segregated · but outside of THE GOVERNMENT'S ROLE IN HEALTH CARE IN support coming from the Federal Govern­ Washington, a notable example of which THE 1960'5 ment. is an exclusive and segregated fox-hunt­ (Remarks of Senator WAYNE MORSE, of Ore­ There is not a hospital administrator in ing club in nearby Virginia. gon, at the Alumni Institute in Hospital the country who is not familiar with the The 1960 Democratic and Republican Administration, Minneapolis, Minn., Octo­ Federal Government's role under the Hill­ ber 26, 1961} Burton Act. Under this legislation, the platforms call for. equal job opportuni­ Congress appropriated for fiscal 1962 alone ties for women. Do these pledges have President Wilson, and friends of the Uni­ $217'2 million, though this figure is small meaning, or are they hypocritical versity of Minnesota, a return to one's alma compared to the money for hospitals that mouthings? mater is always a time for nostalgia and comes from local taxes and bond issues. fond memories, .and I always bring many of Medical education is one field where the Women everywhere in the United them with me when I visit this campus. States should be informed of these cir­ Federal Government does not play a very President Wilson is a warm friend from active direct role, except through fellowships cumstances and should come to the aid the more recent days when he served as and research grants. However, it did pro­ of other employed women. president of the University of Oregon. I vide a great deal of medical education Premier Nehru told one woman re­ know he is now providing this great school through the military services, and even more porter in Washington that he did not with the kind of academic leadership he gave under the GI education bills. At the State us at Oregon, and while we regret his. depar­ level, there is much more subsidizing of know until 3 days before he was to speak ture from the Oregon campus, he surely at the National Press Club that women medical education through public medical has our best wishes in his new post. schools, which accounts for almost half our reporters were not to be admitted to The subject matter of my remarks covers 85 medical schools. cover his speech on an equal footing with the entire range of Government's role in men. When he spoke, he chided the health care, or Government's role in medi­ The activity of the Federal level of Govern­ cine, if you please. I know that this confer­ ment in medicine is probably most notable NPC by saying that India has cast aside in medical research. The. National Insti­ purdah-the exclusion of women-and ence is mainly concerned with the financing of medical care for individuals. But this tutes of Health this year received $738,335,- that he was astonished to see it prac­ subject is so fraught with fears and charges 000 for research in cancer, heart disease, ticed in the United States of America. of "socialized medicine" that it is well to arthritis, mental illness, allergies, and neu­ It is ironic that Premier Khrushchev give some attention first to the general role rological diseases to mention the major fields had to speak up for American women re­ of Government in medicine. of study, plus $30 mlllion more for construc­ Porters when he came to Washington. It wm readily be seen that we already have tion o! buildings and facilities. a good deal of socialized medicine. Most of This is not to say that the Federal Gov­ He refused to speak at the National Press ernment has been the principal govern­ Club unless some women reporters were it is at the municipal or State level, where every individual and every family is gov­ mental participant in medicine, because the permitted to attend the luncheon. erned by dozens of statutes and regulations States, their county and municipal subdi­ When President de Gaulle came to tell1ng them what they may not do and what visions do much more in the .field. Washington, he· insisted upon holding a they must do. The general impact of these But even this brie'f and incomplete men­ press conference to which men and governmental activities is in the area of tion of some of the things Government is women reporters were admitted. preventive medicine, but it ls surely a more already doing makes the question of "so­ Let us be honest. Are people equal socialized form of medicine than is contem­ cialized medicine" a very uncertain one. plated in any present plans for financing Research is considered an appropriate area only in race? Are women second-class medical care. of medicine for governmental activity; so citizens? Will President Kennedy right Is it not socialized medicine, for example, is medical education, support of hospitals, the wrong in the White House Corre­ which requires vaccination against small­ and public health with all its ramifications. spondents Association? What can he pox, diphtheria, and certain other contagious Is it any wonder that the financing of do? He can refuse to attend the tradi­ diseases? Is it not socialized medicine when medical care is also considered by so many tional dinner in his honor unless wol'hen a State health officer comes around to tell a Americans to be an equally legitimate field reporters are given a new deal, a fair family that its septic tank is defective and of governmental activity? Here again, there deal, on the New Frontier. must be replaced? Is it not socialism of is already considerable governmental activ­ some sort or another which prescribes nu­ ity. Local public assistance has long pro­ merous and detailed regulations for the vided some essentials of medical ~are for operation of a public eating place, or in fact the indigent, and the Federal Government any establishment where food is sold either has made a small contribution to this cost. The Government's Role in Health Care in a prepared or unprepared form? The Kerr-M1lls law of last year put the A municipal water supply and a municipal Federal Government even more completely in the 1960's sewage disposal system are accepted forms into the health-financing picture by au­ of socialized medicine, and even the Federal thorizing a more substantial Federal .fi­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS Government is assuming an increasing share nancial contribution to State medical pro­ OF of this burden of insuring a pure water sup­ grams for the elderly, along the lines of ply for a rapidly increasing population. This public assistance. HON. EUGENE. J. McCARTHY year, $80 million was provided for this pur­ I am among those who believe that the pose by the Federal Government. Every bugaboo of socialized medicine wm not OP" MINNESOTA quarantine of a child with measles is a form long prevail as an argument against the IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES of socialized medicine. The entire concept addition of medical insurance to the social Thursday, January 18, 1962 and practice of public health is pure so­ security program. For one thing, the social cialized medicine. security program itself is a tremendously Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. President, last There is another area of preventive medi­ popular one. Every Member of Congress October the senior Senator from Oregon cine aimed at accident prevention which will tell you that the most consistent sub­ [Mr. MORSE] visited Minnesota and'spoke· also comprises a very large area of public ject matter in his mail from home relates at the Alumni Institute in Hospital Ad­ regulation. Industrial safety laws, traffic to social security. The complaints about ministration which was held in Min­ faws, and even the requirement that a home­ the program are constant; but they are owner remove snow from his sidewalks with­ complaints of its inadequacies. The demand neapolis. His speech, "The Govern­ in a prescribed time are not so far removed for improvements in social security is a ment's · Role in Health Care in the from social medical care as one might think. continuing demand of the American peo­ 1960's," contains a review of the various Pure food and drug laws and statutes re­ ple, even with the accompanying increases programs already supported or provided quiring the labeling of poisonous or hazard­ in payroll taxes which constitute the "pre­ by Government in health care and lists ous substances must also be mentioned. miums" of the social security program. reasons why he believes the social se­ Right now one of the hottest political A second reason why I believe this pro­ curity program will be extended to pro­ issues in the field of medicine-second per­ gram will be adopted is that it meets a haps only to the Forand bill-is the issue need. Remember that it deals with only vide medical insurance for. the aged. of fluoridation of public water supplies. Yet one segment of the American people-the This address is so comprehensive· and the doctor or dentist who thinks the Forand elderly, and more specifically those who have so thorough a review of this case that, in bill is socialism will very often be the lead­ retired from active employment. The vol­ my opinion, it would be helpful and use­ ing voice in his community for fluoridation untary health plans which have proved to ful to Members of the Senate, 'ahd I of water. be one o! the most popular and effective 570 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 18 means of insuring medical costs for working I do not expect it will come with the help plan for conquest and subjugation of the people and their families, are hard pressed of much of the American Medical Associa­ last, strongest bastion of capitalism and to provide equal benefits at the same pre­ tion because advances in the financing of the free enterprise system-the United mium the individual paid while stlll em­ medical care even through voluntary means ployed. Some expansion of the voluntary have come in spite of its original position States of America. insurance plans into coverage of retired and not because of it. The same is true of There is no question that communism people has occurred. But the needs of these the existing social security program. But has crossed the ocean and is now lapping people are not as likely to be met by vol­ I do expect it will come as a result of the at our very shores. untary programs as are the needs of people insistence of an American population which We hear and read almost daily of Red of working age. is growing older, and which ls less and less subversion, infiltration, and incitement There are several reasons for this, all of tolerant of inadequate and lnsumcient medi­ to riot within the borders of our neigh­ them probably well known to you. One is cal care, especially for the elderly. bors to the south, in Latin and South that old age brings more chronic illness, and chronic illness means longer illness and more America. disabling aftereffects. People 65 and over I believe that the American people, have two to three times as much chronic 111- U.S. Struggle With the Communist a wake to the danger, desire to see their ness as the rest of the population. And Government respond with swiftness, while they are only 9 percent of the popula- Conspiracy To Enslave the World sureness, and firmness to the Red chal­ tlon, they include 55 percent of all persons lenge wherever it appears. of limited mob111ty due to chronic illness. The responsibility for the American re­ The length of stay in the hospital for people EXTENSION OF REMARKS 65 and over ls twice the average days spent OF sponse to communism lies with our in the hospital by. the general population. Department of State. Their expenditure for health services ls 90 HON. RICHARD L. ROUDEBUSH There has been open and honest criti­ percent greater than expenditures on health OF INDIANA cism from many segments of our popu­ by the rest of the public; for hospitals, it is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVF.8 lation, questioning the wisdom of this 120 percent higher and for drugs it ls also department in bringing the full Ameri­ 120 percent higher. Thursday, January 18, 1962 can capability into action against our This impact of increased health costs comes Mr. ROUDEBUSH. Mr. Speaker, greatest foe in history. at the very time when the individual's in- millions of American are today worried, come drops m.arkedly. Census Bureau esti- Limiting ourselves to recent develop­ mates of 1958 indicated that 60 percent of all perplexed, and vitally concerned with the ment only, we are reminded of the U.S. people 65 and over had incomes less than negative trend of the U.S. global struggle setbacks in Laos, 0uba, Berlin, Vietnam, $1,000 a year; only 12 percent have incomes in with the Communist conspiracy to en­ and other trouble spots. excess of $3,000; of the couples, half had in- slave the world. There is also much concern about the comes below $2,600 a year. · At the heart of this discontent lies the granting of foreign aid to Communist These facts have led to the suggestion that wish of the American people for a more countries which profess independence the social security system-which is an in- forceful, realistic, and positive applica­ surance program relating entirely to costs of Moscow. incurred when the breadwinner is not earn- tion of American foreign policy, based Americans are also disturbed about ~ng any income-include insurance against on a firm determination of victory, not some aspects of American participation hospitalization which may come after retire- appeasement or accommodation, of the in United Nations activities which often ment. But its benefits would be paid for Communist conspiracy. reflect programs and policies detri­ while the individual is still working. I believe that the majority of the mental to our interests. Many opponents of this proposal have citizens of our country are wide awake With these developments in mind, it called it socialized medicine, but have not to the fact that our struggle for com­ hesitated to recommend substitutes which appears that a close scrutiny of State also bring the Government into the health munism has resolved itself to a life-and­ Department planning and personnel is care field. The Kerr-Mills law, endorsed by death status--whether we like it or not. in order with the aim of insuring that much of the medical profession as a substi- For the destruction and enslavement the best interests of America is obtained tute, is far more direct Government partici- of this Nation is without question the at all times in the continuing struggle pation in the financing of medical care than Soviet master plan. · with our Communist enemies. the so-called Forand bill. Another substi- It has become abundantly clear that In this endeavor I have submitted a tute calls for payment by the Government communism offers no new experiment in of those premiums on voluntary insurance House resolution which reads as follows: which the aged individual cannot pay him- government or politics, but is the instru- ';C'hat the Committee on Foreign Affairs, self. Is this any less socialized than social ment of a power-mad knot of fanatics acting as a whole or by subcommittee, is security? in the Kremlin who have as their goal authorized and directed to conduct a full When the issue gets down to what role world domination. and complete investigation and study of the Federal Government should play in Communism is no new political the policymaking procedures, methods of financing health care it should deal with ideology to be tried by a nation and dis­ assessing foreign developments, and person­ how the Government can most effectively carded if found unworkable; but a nel practices, of the Department of State, and emciently help. The social security prb- despotic, criminal type of dictatorship with a view to making such recommenda­ gram has been expanded because it has tions as may be necessary in order to im­ proved effective and emcient. that once imposed cannot be changed or plement more advantageously and rapidly In December of 1949, the American Medi- refuted or voted away. the response of the United States to world cal Association opposed disability benefits It is impossible for nations to just try developments, and to insure that the best under social security with the statement, out communism, and if it does not work, interests of the United States are being served and I quote: "Initiation of a compulsory return to some previous form of govern­ in its struggle with communism. Federal disability program would represent ment. For the purpose of carrying out this reso­ another step toward nationalization of . lution the committee or subcommittee is­ medical care and socialization of the prac-· . In. its ~Ian for wo~·Id conquest, com­ authorized to sit and act during the present tice of medicine." Yet the disability in- mumsm is also seekmg to reshape the Congress at such times and places within surance part of social security has . worked earth in a godless image where every the United States, including any Common­ so well that the original 50-year age limit strata of society pays forced allegiance wealth or possession thereof, or elsewhere, was removed last year by Congress, without to the state and its atheistic leaders. whether the House is in session, has recessed, any increase in social. security taxes, and All of our ideals, values, and customs or has adjourned, to hold such hearings, and V.:ithout ll:ny opposition from members of are part of the hated capitalistic ystem to require, by subpena or otherwise, the either political party. . s attendance and testimony of such witnesses It was my privilege to have been an early commun1s~ s~eks to destroy. . . and the production of such books, records, senate sponsor of the disability provision, Our bellef in God, our family circle, correspondence, memorandums, papers, and and to have introduced the first Senate ver- our freedoms and liberties will vanish documents, as it deems necessary. Sub­ sion of the Forand bill in 1958. In my and be replaced instead with the twisted penas may be issued under the signature opinion, the health benefit proposal will be dogma of Marx, Lenin, and Khrushchev of the chairman of the committee or any adopted; the only question is how soon. As if we fail to halt the Communist threat member of the committee designated by you know, its present version extends only to this Nation him, and may be served by any person desig­ to insurance against hospitalization and · nated by such chairman or member. home nursing care. This ls a minimum pro- Important as they are to the overall The committee shall report to the House tection for the elderly people of America Communist scheme, the control of Gha­ as soon as practicable during the present which is often desired as much by their na, Cuba, Laos, Vietnam, or West Berlin Congress the results of its investigation and children and other relatives as by themselves. represent only steps in the ultimate Red study, together with such recommendation~ 1962 CONGRESSIONll RECORD .::.:_MOUSE , 571 as it deems advisable. . Any such report It is already apparent from remarks, Even so the records show that as Japan which is made when the House is not in statements, and actions of our leaders. becomes self-sutncient or even partially session shall be filed with the Clerk\ of the in both the executive as well as the leg­ independent of outside items its tariff House. islative branch that . they consider the walls go up. Witness the recent. increase This resolution authorizes an investi­ liberalization of the tariffs as the main on machine tools from 15 to 25 percent ad gation of the State Department by the_ issue. valorem and the frank statement in de­ House Foreign A1fairs Committee, the This I predicted as long ago as 1958 fense of this action was that "its own committee best suited by knowledge when the 4-year extension was voted :for industry had to be protected agaillSt im.­ and preparation to handle such a pro­ reciprocal trade agreements. Ports that could undersell the homemade gram of review and examination. As an observer and a.s a student of product. It will entail small if any additional our trade Policies I said then th&t, the Is this an isolated case? It is not, approp:riations and offers a swift imple­ extension would not achieve the end amongst nations this is the rule not the mentation without lengthy resort to results the proponents predicted. exception. For instance, our greatest joint, select, or standing committee ap­ 1 may not have the right, answez but friend and neighbor is Canada and yet plication. this much I am sure of, the overall drive Canada has an automatic taritf rule I respectfully urge this body to vote · for complete control of the tariffs and which increases the taritf on an items im­ swift approval to this resolution. customs by the executive branch is the ported if any Canadian producers reach result of the failure of two significant a. production of at least 10 percent of the moves which I opposed. Many of us countries needs. Why, simply to protect fought these proposals: their industries and jobs. The One-Way Street First. The extension of the trade Let us look at Germany-a nation that agreements fo:r a longer period than l was devastated by the bombings in World year without congressional action. War II. With our help this nation has EXTENSION OF REMARKS Second. The tax concessions to pri­ OF become the number one world economy vate investors to invest in production success story. What does Germany do HON. JOHN H. DENT facilities in foreign countries with the in the matter of tariffs? We in Pennsyl­ right to export.to the United States prod­ 01' PENNSYLVANIA. vania and West Virginia know because we ucts made abroad in competition with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are the victims squeezed between the their domestic plants and workers. United States cuts in tariffs and imports Thursday, January 18, 1962 Let us see how these moves have of fuel oi! and Germany's $5.08 a ton Mr. DENT. Mr. Speaker, recently the turned out. First we were told that if tariff on our coal. What was Germany's President spoke. He gave his usual fine we had 4 years to plan and promise we answer when questioned about the ex- presentation. He called upon Congress would achieve the goal sought by our _orbitant 100-percent tariff on coal. for action in many fields. He left no field Government, the lowering of tariffs and We have unemployed miners-8,000-and unplowed, no furrow unturned. Now trade restrictions and the great boost in must protect our high cost production the burden is on Congress to accept or our export trade volume. and the jobs of our miners in Germany. reject his proposals "for the good of the The facts are and the record if honest­ Allowing this to be logical and it was Nation." ly told will show that more industries considered logical in this country for Congress, of course, must in the final have been forced to reduce production, over 150 years, what logic can Germany analysis make the decision as to which curtail expansion and research, and give for placing a 75 cents a pound tariff proposals it believes to be "for the good more chronic industrial unemployment on coffee which is not even produced in of the Nation:• has been created since the passage of Germany? This has been the procedure under all the 4-year extension. Let us for the sake of the record look Presidents. Sometimes Congress passes This is· the reason another extension at tariffs as they were last reported in a all the main proposals but seldom puts would be difilcnlt to get through Con­ public document showing the ratio of any bills through in exactly the form re­ gress, so a new bold approach is being tariffs to total imports: made to cover up the failure of the old :Percent quested by a President. law and to pass a new law with greater That is as it should be. Under our promise. United Kingdom (Great Britain)------25. 6 Chile------·------46. 0 system of government each division of When I was just a young man in the Australia.______.:.__ 9. 6 government has its part to play. house of representatives in Harrisburg, India______17.3 The President represents the execu­ I was working so much that one of my France------·------10.6 tive branch, the courts the judicial, and colleagues, Clint Sowers, of Philadelphia, Ireland ______.J------·------13. 2 Congress the legislative. who had been a member for many years Israel.... ------7.6 When each branch acts independently stopped me one day and asked why I ItalY------Mexico______, ______.:. 20.8.4 6 but' cooperatively, the Nation gets its best was working so hard. I told him I was Venezuela______17.8 government. trying to keep my promises to the people Some of us already see a move to set so I could be reelected. His answer was Switzerland------·------8. 1 the domestic issues second to the foreign a classic. He said, "Young man you These are 1951 :figures and we have trade issue. This would be a tragic mis­ don't get reelected on keeping the old since reduced our tariffs 4.0 percent. take. Nothin,g is more important than promises, it's the new ones you make." These figures tell only a minor part of a strong, solvent domestic economy. Simply put that is what we are about the protectionist story because all na­ A strong military and defense program to do on the trade issue. The Reciprocal tions have other means of restricting im­ must be sustained and behind it there Trade Acts reduced our effective tariff ports and protecting their own industries. 1must be a strong economy. The econ­ from 46.7 percent in 1934 to less than U Tariffs are the lesser of the restrictive omy of our country has made some major percent in 1961. This is even lower covenants. The more restrictive meas­ changes in the last decade. However, when you count the additions on the ures take the form of embargoes, licens­ one fundamental truth still prevails. free list. In fact the overall tariff rate ing for imports, nonconvertibility of Our production of goods and services if applied against all imports would be money, and quotas. must keep pace with our growth or we less than 5 percent. The favorite protection measure of find ourselves with unemployment, dis­ Only one other competitive nation has most countries is the quota and import tressed areas, high taxes on individuals a lower rate. This is Japan and any license setup. For instance, the Japa­ and production and a stagnation in our student knows that Japan is an importer nese reduced tariffs on bourbon whisky e:ff orts to better and strengthen our so­ of foodstuffs, fuel, raw materials, and from the United States from 45 to 35 cial, educational, and economic well­ machine tools for production purposes. being. It is natural, therefore, for Japan to percent but restricted total imports to There are differences of opinion on have an overall lower rate than a coun­ $300,000 through the license deal and just where the greater emphasis must try· where most of these items. are ori a total quota setup-a\>9ut as much as re­ be placed in order to keep and enlarge free list or not required by.the economy. quired for a respectable Irish wake. om- system of freedom for individuals as Japan only imports pioducts for two This is common practice and in most well as enteiprises. reasons, to eat or to sell to othea nations. of our reciprocal trade deals we cut ./

572 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD...... -- HOUSE January 18 tariffs and the foreign countries put on . The next step is a disproportionate de­ mous. Profits on. Japanese production are quotas or restricted import licenses. struction of the profits. Profits :flow even bigger. That's why GE is forcing us The measure before Congress is just a more to trade than they do to producers, into unemployment." front runner for a drive to enter our labor, and industry. The ultimate outcome of overcon­ RELIEF? Nation in the Common Market. EAST BOSTON, MAss.-In announcing its I for one am not opposed to the Com­ sumption of foreign-produced goods plan to shut down the East Boston lamp mon Market and I will be the first to pro­ means the eventual weakening and in plant in 1962, the General Electric Co. told mote our entry into the market, ·when time the crumbling of the pillars of pay­ its employees that it would spare no elfort our economies become compatible. rolls, profits, investments, and produc­ to see that they received suitable jobs either In the meantiire let the Common tion in exactly that order. in GE or elsewhere. Market create a consumption market to It has been said that imports are only To date the company has posted on· its match their production. If the workers 3 percent of our gross national product. bulletin boards as suitable jobs for displaced 1 cannot earn enough to buy their own This is a false picture because we use lamp workers advertisements for d ishwash­ ers, babysitters, carhops, and domestic production how can they earn enough volume dollar figures and ignore the im­ servants. to buy our goods? port at the retail level, the production, It might be interesting to have a count payroll, investment and profit level. This has happened many times from on how many European factory and farm I have said and repeat that I am not coast to coast and border to border. To­ workers buy American cars, radios, unmindful of our part in the world's mato growers in California down from shirts, suits, shoes, washers, dryers, and economy. We prove this by helping 35,000 acres to 2,000 acres. Mushroom so forth. other nations build their economy to a packers in Pennsylvania faced with seri­ Until they can buy their own products position of soundness and independence. ous threat from foreign imports. Mexico produced at their wage levels how can We cannot do it by weakening our own embargoes U.S. cars-Goodyear buys the Nation expose its high cost market to economy. , largest tire factory in Germany. Ford their production? When we hear arguments to the effect buys English auto plant-aluminum We enjoyed a prosperous and expand- . that we can outproduce and therefore plant sold to American companies. ing economy because of our high in­ undersell other countries in their own Cement dumping causes labor layoffs in comes, not because of low ·prices. How markets we fail to mention the products Pennsylvania and New York. Glass im­ many American automobiles can the involved. ports close U.S. plants. Eight hundred Japanese electrical workers buy earning Can we outproduce costwise, Japa­ American-financed production facilities about 30 cents an hour as against an nese and German and other exporters built overseas in the last 3 years. American automobile worker's purchase tied to the Soviet Union in transistors, We were advised that by investing of Japanese transistors, radiot:, binocu­ shoes, shirts, suits, ceramics, tile, glass, overseas we would cut the need for for­ lars, and so forth. These are hard oil, rubber goods, leather goods, steel, eign aid from our Government. This is simple facts but they are basic. aluminum products, autos or any number not the case and the real result was a It is my humble opinion that our of consumer goods? lessening of our exports of manufactured economy rests upon five pillars of equal The Japanese say they create 200,000 goods and an increase of imports of strength and equal importance. jobs in America buying cotton, minerals, these items, in many cases from our own These pillars of economic reason are: coal, machine tools, foodstuffs, and so investments. First. Investment: creates production. forth, but they do not tell you how many Let us see how we are helping our Second. Production: creates payrolls. jobs are lost by imports of the manufac­ friends with our foreign investments. Third. Payrolls: creates consumption. tured goods from Japan. Dollars invested abroad and the income the Fourth. Consumption: creates profits. The story of most recent date to tell United States gets back Fifth. Profits: · creates investment. the graphic and pitiful plight of Ameri­ [In millions] At this point the process starts all over can workers displaced by foreign produc­ again arid this has been true since man tion involves General Electric and its Investment Income 1 first invented the wheel and learned he lamp workers at East Boston, Mass. For could hire or use another man to push it. 195l (totals):· When all the pillars are equal the econ­ the record I will only give the newspaper Investments in Western account without comment: Europe ______------$5, 141 $2, 261 omy is balanced. Investments in underde- Today too much emphasis is placed BosToN.-The City Council of Boston has veloped areas ______5, 552 8, 794 upon consumption. Too many econo­ unanimously denounced as "heartless" the Investments in Latin announced decision of the General Electric America ______------3, 057 4,379 mists measure retail sales as the barom­ 1960, a typical year shows the Co. to shut down its East Boston lamp plant following: eter of our economic welfare. 1n a formal resolution adopted at its Decem­ Investments in Western It is true in a sense but the volume of ber 18 meeting. Europe _____ ------____ 1, 322 427 Investments in w1d erde- retail sales must reflect the production, THE CITY COUNCIL CONDEMNS THIS HEARTLESS veloped areas ______: ___ payrolls, profit; and -investment in the 608 1, 474 ACT THE RESOLUTION DECLARED InvestmentsAmerica ______in Latin area of the sales. In its formal action the council calls on 267 641 When a percentage of our retail sales the administration to protect the jobs of is produced elsewhere we find the depre­ these 450 workers. 1 Income to Americans from these investments. ciation shows up in the balance of our · It calls on the Massachusetts congression­ When we talk about investments by economy and the other four pillars can­ al delegation to take whatever steps are nec­ year are not we really putting back into not adjust to meet the upward thrust of essary to convince General Electric to rescind the countries about what we took out the consumption pillar which endangers this heartless move. the year before? No American corpora­ the level of the whole economy. It directs that copies of the resolution be sent to the manager of GE's East Boston tion operating in our economy would op­ When any pillar is out of proportion, lamp works and to Ralph Cordiner, chairman erate in like manner. It is no wonder the economy becomes unbalanced. of the board, General Electric Co., and to , that profits added to low wages and When the economy becomes unbalanced, the Governor, attorney general, and to ap­ Government unions make oversea in­ it is susceptible to further damage from propriate city, State, and National omcials. vestments attractive. every breath of foul weather, whether it TAKE FIGHT TO PEOPLE Do these thousands of investors help is a local storm or a hurricane from over­ Last week workers at the East Boston lamp our good neighbor policies or do they · seas. plant, members of UE Local 224, ca;rried their make a mockery out of high-sounding You will note that the upthrust of the fight directly to the people of Boston with a ~dealistic foreign policy? One wonders pillar of consumption pushes the econ­ distribution of many thousands of leaflets how many of the "Go Home Yank" cries omy out of balance. at key points throughout the city. came from the underpaid workers in It is a simple but true economic fact Headed "Fired for Christmas," the leaflet American factories abroad. that as the overconsumption of foreign told of GE's pre-Christmas action against The strangest thing in the whole trade goods increases, production is raised them and declared: "Wages in Japan's lamp industry are 20 and tariff fight is the belief by labor through automation and the payrolls percent of our American wages, and prices that it will be benefited and counts on suffer by being attacked from· both un­ of their lam.ps on the American market are the cutting of industry profits to meet derconsumption of domestic production 80 percent of our price. Profits on GE lamp foreign competition while on the other and automation. production in the United States are enor- hand industry believes it will be bene- 1"962' CONGilESSfONAC' RECOKD ~_: HOUSE 573 fited by increasing production and hold­ second by · the public treasury in tax balances let us talk less theory and non­ ing wages at present levels. losses, third by the industry in profit sense and more dollars and cents . . First an analysis of the trade balance losses, · again by the tax authorities in The administration this year is using is needed before any intelligent person their second bite, and next by the whole agriculture and textiles as bait in getting can use this as a base for 'a vote one communities' business, professional support for the new program. way or the other on the new trade pro­ and personal services. It is stated that we export $2 billion gram. The loss in the services is seldom felt worth of farm products to the Common I refuse to take the large sum figures in less than 4 years except in a single Market and we only buy $500 million as any criteria of our success or failure industrial community such as Niland, from the Common Market. in our trade policies. Calif. In this community 5 years ago, However, we are not told that the $2 You can get any results you want, de­ 5,000 people lived and earned a livelihood billion worth we sell costs the American pending upon which basis you are using entirely within the American economy of taxpayers about $500 million in taxes to get the results you want. the United States. This earning was in the form of farm subsidies whereas the For purposes of giving a seldo.m ex­ purely agriculturally based, the plant­ $500 million of farm products we buy posed view of our trade balances I will ing, cultivating, processing, shipping, displaces farm products not subsidized, attempt to break down the figures in and marketing of 35,000 acres of to­ high in labor and wage costs and pri­ language that we can all understand. · matoes. vately grown and marketed. Before I start let me assure you that Today, less than 1,000 people live in We sell wheat, corn, cotton, and so I have authority for my figures. Niland. Only a few of these earn their forth, all subsidized, and we buy farm We shall use the figures that best suit livelihood from tomatoes since less than products that compete with our self­ the purposes of the proponents of so­ 2,000 acres are now planted. sustaining and self-s'upporting agricul­ called free trade policies and accept What caused this breakdown. Simply them regardless of disagreements on the put the competition of 80 cents a day ture. totals by some of us who have made labor in Mexico as against $1 an hour In this regard let me quote from the studies that show the import figures are labor in California could not be over­ California Farmer, January 6, 1962: low and the export figures are high. come. Added to the labor differential During the past 10 years, we have spent The Government figures show exports, was the additional cost to the California $26 billion on farm programs. During that same period, we have imported $42 billion $21 billion-minus; with imports $14 bil­ growers in payroll taxes, fuel, power, worth of agriculturar commodities. lion-plus-to use rounded figures. transportation, packaging, local taxes, That's free trade. We import to store. If we are to evaluate the importance and so forth. There are no farm problems, except those and effect of this trade volume we must The freetraders argue that the Mexi­ created by the planners of this Nation first remove from these figures the cans purchased farm machinery, tools, through unfair, unequal and unjust import amounts that do not reflect true trade and other American made products competition. but rather represent the volumes of which in turn they paid for .with the This sounds fantastic, but if the Ameri­ trade that is generated because of ac­ money they got for the tomatoes. In can farmer were permitted to raise and tions by our own Government and which theory this is sound. In practice the market a major part of the food and ~ber cannot be maintained without the gifts, naked truth is seen when the "for sale" that is consumed by the American people / we don't have acres enough today to pro­ loans, and financing by American tax­ signs, the dilapidafed public buildings, duce it. The problem is that agricultural payers then the U.S. Treasury. the loss of income by the workers, the imports have created an agricultural sur­ Of the $21 billion of exports approxi­ loss of investment by the 1farmers, and plus. mately 30 percent is the type of trade. the loss of the productivity of the farms Furthermore, agriCulture has been so com­ This means that over $6 billion of our measures the net effort of this trade. mingled with foreign aid, foreign trade, exports are in fact not free trade or Dollar volumes may be the same or even foreign relations, Government programs and normal trade but rather trade that in our favor but what about the com­ State Department planners, that a bad pub­ would not be possible under a true trade munity-where does it fit in. lic image of the farmer ha,s. been created. policy. Free enterprise and agriculture markets have Time will not allow a complete break­ virtually been destroyed. We therefore can honestly say that down and a coverage of the thousands of our true trade balance measures about products adversely affected by our trade The CONGRESSIONAL RECORD dated April the same with exports and imports policies. 18, 1961, states as follows: equal, give or take 10 percent. One thing· we can say without contra­ From 1949 to 1959, we imported twice as Using this as a true base we can say diction. For every dollar of consumer much barley as our surplus grew during that that measured by dollar volume our goods purchased abroad, a minimum of period. In fact, we imported more during trade policy is economically sound. $1 % is lost by wage earners in America. that period than we had on hand a,s surplus at the end of 1959. In oats, we imported However, does the dollar volume truly For our exports to equal this wage loss four times as much from 1949 to 1959 a,s reflect the impact upon employment and without regard to taxes, and so forth, our surplus grew during the same period­ industry? exports must be at least three times as imports approximately equaled the surplus Let us take a few examples of trade, great as imports dollar wise for our on hand at the end of 1959. The situation item by item. economy to survive. in rye is even more vivid. From 1949 to A foreign country buys $2 million In plain words, if wages paid to work­ 1959, we produced 46.5 million less bushels ers amount to $7 billion by imports, it than the amount of the total of this crop. worth of hides and sells this country $2 Yet during this same period, our surplus in­ million worth of leather bags, shoes, takes $21 billion out of our wage econ- creased by 4.5 million bushels, due to the gloves, and other items. omy. , fact that we imported 52.7 million -bushels. · Which country gained employment Let us look at another fixed cost that and which country weakened its indus­ U.S. production must carry that is com­ Perhaps there are some farmers in the trial economy? pletely out of line competitively. Let us United States who feel that the trade Next let us analyze the export item. look at Japan for instance. policy is not injurious but the record Whether the foreign country bought the Japan has 70 million people with a shows that not only are nonsubsidized hides or the domestic industry bought national budget of $6 billion. The farm products in danger but that all the hides, the producer of hides would United States has 180 million people and agriculture is suffering from these un­ have the same economic benefit meas­ a budget of $93 billion. The budget sound trade policies. ured in jobs and profits. must come from wages, profits, and in­ In closing let me read from the New The difference is this. We import $2 ternal taxation and unless products im­ York Times, December 27, 1961: million worth of produCts produced at ported are taxed at customs in the same The National Committee for an Effective a cost in labor of one-third the wage amount that taxes add to the cost of a Congress, a bipartisan organization of 35 paid in the United States. Using the domestic product, that product becomes members, gives financial and other support to liberal and internationally minded can­ norm of 50 percent of cost of production noncompetitive because of Government didates for the Senate and House of Repre­ to be wages it means that $1 million of taxes, forgetting wages and other differ­ sentatives. Sidney H. Scheuer, a New York foreign wages reduced payrolls in the entials already in excess of foreign costs. industrialist, is chairman and George R. United States by $3 million. This $3 When we talk about competition with Donahue, a New York labor-management million loss is first felt by the workers, foreign products and export-import consultant, is vice chairman. 574 CONGRESSIONAL 'RECORD - HOUSE January 18 Maurice Rosenblatt, of Washington, chair­ Mr. Speaker, illlder leave to extend The Congress, American industry, and man of the committee's advisory board, said my remarks, I wish to insert into the American scientific and technical personnel, the committee planned to contribute about RECORD Congressman MILLER'S address, within and outside · the Government, re­ $250,000 to congressional candidates in the sponded promptly to the President's chal­ 1962 races, largely on the basis of their which reads as follows: lenge. Today, although less than a year has records on the foreign-trade issue. He said ADDRESS BY CHAmMAN GEORGE P. MILLER, elapsed, those in charge of our space pro­ the campaign funds ·had been supplied by HOUSE COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND ASTRO­ gram are confidently predicting that this 20,000 donors. NAUTICS BEFORE THE AMERICAN ASTRONAUTI­ goal will be met, possibly in advance of the The bulletin suggested that a shift in ad­ CAL SOCIETY, JANUARY 6, 1962 deadline which the President set. ministration tactics for dealing with Con­ As chairman of the House Committee on ~ Great progress has already been made in · gress would be necessary to win favorab_le Science and Astronautics, I am pleased to Project Mercury-initial steps along the path consideration of major recommendations in have this opportunity of speaking to a group of space exploration. Last September 13, the the international economic field. of outstanding specialists in a field which United States launched an unmanned space­ They said the administration in its con­ today has become essential for survival and craft into a single orbit, returned it from gressional liaison had relied on the wheeler­ in the never-ending quest of mankind for a space, and recovered it from the Atlantic dealer spokesman, the courthouse type of brighter tomorrow. Ocean. A little more than 2 months later, politico. As a boy, I was fascinated with the fiction on November 29, the chimpanzee, Enos, They contended that it should substitute then published, dealing with fanciful adven­ earned his place in history 0by orbiting the the legislative craftsman who would work tures in the universe which surrounds us. earth twice before he was recovered from with key legislators in drafting legislation. Despite my close association with the Na­ the Atlantic. Today, we are on the eve of As the issue of free trade develops, the tion's astronautical program, it is often the first manned orbital flight in the Mercury rightwing coalition may suffer a shotgun di­ program. startling to realiz~ that today, these flights vorce, it asserted. For the economtc unity of fancy have become hard, practical reali­ From these flights our scientists are ac­ of the free world is a proposition that no ties of vital concern to you, to me, and to cumulating basic knowledge about the clearheaded advocate of capitalism can every citizen 'Of the world on both sides of achievements possible for man in space-­ deny-and it is a proposition that no emo­ the Iron CUrtain. how well he can operate controls and instru­ tional Isolationist or a xenophobe can ments, what he can learn that cannot be accept. Our committee ls the Committee on obtained from electronic devices, how the Science as well as Astronautics. While we human body reacts to prolonged weightless­ First, let me say that if ~he type of may have spent more time in the Committee ness. outright purchase of votes is put on a on Astronautics, our jurisdiction and Initially, manned orbital flights will be bidding basis we can expect the com­ responsibility include the scientific work and endeavors of the Government. limited to three trips around the earth, but plete destruction of our system of gov­ as the program develops, they will be ex­ ernment. We appreciate, despite the cost of research, tended up to 18 orbit&-27 hours in space. development, and produtcion of space Utilizing the knowledge gleaned from these Second the proposal to substitute vehicles and supporting instrumentation and "legislati~e commissar" for the legiti­ manned orbital flights, the lunar explora­ ground facillties, that the byproducts of tion will be undertaken, as a part o:r Project mate system of contacting Congressmen this effort will have economic, social, and Apollo, in a three-man capsule for which spells bf communism in its worst form. defense values far in excess of the original development contracts have already been let. Third, I find myself in the same posi­ cost. As in the case of its less refined predeces­ tion as the fell ow who was arrested for Our need to lead in space exploration is sors, the Apollo ·capsule will first be flown hitting a man who- had called him a not merely a matter of survival; it is not in orbits around the earth, to test its com­ hyena, 3 years before. simply the result of a normal impulse to ponents, train its crew, and develop opera­ surpass our competitors, nor is it the result tional techniques. Gradually, the distances In explanation over the passage of of a selfish desire for the yet undreamed-of time he said "I just found out what a from the earth and the duration of "flights conveniences and luxuries which the mas­ will be increased, culminating in manned hyena looked like." tering of space technology can create. It flight around the moon which will ac­ I am in the same fix, I just learned arises from a broader and nobler purpose cumulate information and experience of what a xenophobe looks like. which has existed in the hearts and minds of value in subsequent landings on the moon men since the first human thought oc­ itself. curred-the need to know, the need to grow, the desire for fulfillment of the ultimate we are beginning to gain· experience with destiny of mankind. the larger boosters which will be required in Science Committee Chairman George P. Project Apollo. On October 27, NASA We know even at this early stage of devel­ launched the first Saturn vehicle--a 460- Miller Answers the Question Why We opment and research that space exploration ton structure 10 feet taller than the Statue is of such immense importance to man's of Liberty, with eight engines which gen­ Want To Go to the Moon total knowledge that it will benefit and alter erated 1,300,000 pounds of thrust. It is the the course of his existence in ways no more most powerful rocket stage known to exist foreseeable today than those which resulted EXTENSION OF REMARKS in the world. In later flights this thrus~ will from the invention of the wheel. OF be increased to 1,500,000 pounds, and in or­ And yet, despite the long-term goals which bital missions a second stage will be added. underlie the space program, and the funda­ Less than 10 days ago, I was at the George HON. VICTOR L. ANFUSO mental desire of our Nation to develop and OF NEW YORK c. Marshall Space Flight Center in Hunts­ share with the world the benefits arising ville, Ala., where the scientific and technical IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from the exploration of space for peaceful development of the Saturn ls being ~arried Thursday, January 18, 1962 purposes, many Americans do not yet fully on. On that trip I also visited the M1choud comprehend its significance. plant in New Orleans where several stages Mr. ANFUSO. Mr. Speaker, as a Citizens who have no difficulty in under­ of the Saturn will be manufactured by pri­ member of the House Science and As­ standing the significance of the ICBM, or vate industry for the National Aeronautics tronautics Committee, I take this op:. other defense aspects of the program, ask and Space Administration. portunity to extend greetings and warm­ me, "Why do we want to go to the moon?" Flight around the moon will be accom­ est wishes to our new chairman, the Considering the fact that the National plished with a three-stage vehicle generat­ Aeronautics and Space Administration will Honorable GEORGE P. MILLER, of Califor­ ing 7 .5 million pounds of thrust in the first nia upon his assumption of leadership spend more than $1,600 million this year, and stage, capable of placing 175,000 pounds in that the estimated cost of putting men on orbit around the earth and 70,000 pounds of this very important committee. I am the moon will amount to $20 billion or more, certain that under his capable leader­ around the moon. they certainly deserve an answer to their A lunar landing may be accomplished by ship the committee will attain a most question·. . bringing together two of these vehicles in successful record of achievements in the In his state of the Union message on May space. The pqtentialities of such a rendez­ years ahead. 25, last year, President Kennedy ignited the vous approach are being carefully considered. On Tuesday January 16, 1962, Chair­ fuse of what may become the world's fourth This would require two launches of the ad­ great scientific revolution. He said: man MILLER 'addressed the American vanced Saturn. The first would place into Astronautical Society. His address is "Now it is time to take longer strides.­ orbit a large, fully fueled rocket stage. Once time for a great new American enterprise­ its orbit had been established, a second Sat­ centered primarily arnund the question: time for this Nation to take a clearly leading urn would launch the Apollo spacecraft and "Why do we want to go to the moon?" role in space achievement. • • • its auxiliary rockets into the same orbit and It is presented in a very interesting and "* • * I believe that this Nation should the crew would join it with the first orbiting absorbing manner -and I believe that our commit itself to achieving the goal, before stage. The largest rocket would then launch colleagues, our scientists, and the Amer­ this decade is out, of landing a man on the it into a flightpath to the moon. . ican public genera:lly will find it of great moon and returning him safely to the · Contracts have already been awarded ·for interest. earth." the·development·of a two-man spacecraft, to 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 575 be called Gemini, to experiment with the oversea telephone calls made or received in change the methods by which we heat our rendezvous technique. Launched by a modi­ the United States grew from 1 million to homes, power our automobiles, or cook our fied Titan II missile, it will be capable of nearly 4 m111ion a year. food. Among those being studied are the remaining in orbit for a week or more. It is estimated that some 5,000 or more fuel cell, which converts fuel directly into Eventually it will rendezvous with an Atlas­ circuits will be needed in the next 5 years. electrical power without machinery or mov­ boosted Agena stage. Two-man flights will An industry expert has estimated that a ing parts. Another is plasma power, gen­ precede Project Apollo, which w111 begin with single communications satellite, costing erated through use of hot ionized gas. Still orbital flights, advance to circumlunar about $40 million and placed in a 22,300- another potential source is photoelectric flights, and culminate with actual landings mile equatorial orbit, could accommodate power, to say nothing of atomic energy. · on the moon. as much traffic as a $500 million cable Space research may also produce new A direct flight to the moon will require an system. sources and uses of water. It will lead to new even larger launch vehicle with nearly double A number of private companies have ·discoveries with respect to noise-a vital the thrust of the advanced Saturn. About shown interest in commercial satellite com­ factor in human engineering. The highly 350 feet in height, it is called the Nova. munications. For example, the American specialized computers required for launching One of the major benefits being gleaned Telephone and Telegraph Co. is negotiating and guiding satellites have already produced from this vast effort to conquer space is the with NASA for use of a rocke o launch a electronic mechanisms capable of functions · stimulus which it is providing for scientific satellite which would relay signals across which are beyond the limitations of a human research in new and uncharted areas. the Atlantic and amplify them with power being. The scope of space research may be judged from the sun. The company has announced All of these efforts will lead to vast changes from the resources which it involves. Other its willingness to spend up to $25 million in our economy. They already are produc­ industrial revolutions have been based upon this year on experiments leading to an earth­ ing new employment and new leisure oppor­ efforts by relatively few individuals. For orbiting communications system. tunities. As the program advances, these example, when Edison invented the first With satellites in orbit, the postman can opportunities will grow. high-voltage electric bulb, there were only anticipate less difficulty with "snow, rain, We can count ourselves fortunate that 2,000 industrial scientists and engineers in heat and gloom of night." Only last No­ space research will pay such large dividends the United States. Today, however, it is esti­ vember, NASA assisted the Post Office De­ in scientific knowledge and practical appli­ mated that there are more than 700,000 such partment in an experiment with Speedmail. cations, since it would probably be necessary individuals cdntributing to progress in the A letter, urging the public to send Christmas even without them. age of space. presents early, was bounced off the satellite Man must go to the moon, and getting This work is not related solely to our Echo from Stump Neck, Md., to Newark, him there offers a challenge to every nation. progress on the path to the moon. Much of N.J.-the first letter to be processed through In our position as leader of the free world, the United States cannot fail to meet that it derives from the new knowledge of mate­ 1 outer space. rials and techniques which has application Research in space may also some day be challenge, for failure could only mean victory in our daily lives. responsible for saving your life. For ex­ for those who seek to change our way of life. Our accelerated scientific research in space ample, people with some types of cardiac All of us share a heavy responsibility to has already produced useful knowledge condition already are wearing a rhythm-con­ make certain that this is not our fate. which otherwise might not have been dis­ trol device to keep their hearts functioning covered in a decade, or even a century. while they live a normal life. This device, These advances are being experienced by the miniaturized by space scientists, is powered housewife in her kitchen, the farmer in his by tiny mercury batteries so small that it Dedication of New Post Office at East field, the doctor in his operating room. can be sewn into the patient's body. Let me give you some examples. Space research has led to miniature in­ Freedom, Pa., October 21, 1961 One of man's great concerns has long been struments which continuously measure a to know more about weather, whether merely hospital patient's heart action, brain waves, EXTENSION OF REMARKS to plan a pic~ic. or to aid in planting a crop. blood pressure, and breathing, permitting OF Despite great advances in the process of him to be watched by remote control. Any gathering meteorological information, fore­ change in condition is instantly recorded HON. JAMES E. VAN ZANDT casters are still handicapped by the fact that and a warning fiashed. only one-fifth of the globe is covered by Ope drug, developed from a missile pro­ OF PENNSYLVANIA. land-based weather reporting systems. pellant, is being used to treat mental ills. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Since the launching of the Tiros satellites, The problems involved in maintaining astro­ Thursday, January 18, 1962 a wealth of new information regarding nauts aboard spacecraft have led to a new . weather conditions around the world has method of rapidly lowering blood pressure . Mr. VAN ZANDT. Mr. Speaker, at been made available to meteorologists.· during operations. East Freedom, Pa., on Saturday, October Tiros I, launched April 1, 1960, provided The search for new materials of lighter 21, 19-61, it was my privilege to partici­ television coverage of the earth's cloud pat­ weight, greater strength and resistance to pate in the dedication of the new post terns. Subsequently, Tiros III, orbited in high temperatures and radiation-all neces­ office and to deliver the fallowing address July 1961, to coincide with the hurricane sary for use in space vehicles-is leading to season, is still gathering information on the countless new or improved products which titled, "The Postal System Is Indispen­ origin, development, and movement of these will add to the pleasure of life in the future. sable in Its Mission of Public Service": massive tropical storms. In fact, the Pyroceram, a material originally devised THE POSTAL SYSTEM Is INDISPENSABLE IN ITS Weather Bureau used photographs taken for nose cones, now provides the housewife MISSION OF PUBLIC SERVICE from Tiros III to analyze and track storm with pots and pans which can be taken (Address by Representative JAMES E. VAN Eliza in the Pacific and Hurricanes Carla and from the freezer and immediately put in the ZANDI', Member of Congress, of the 20th Esther in·· the gulf and the Atlantic. In the hottest fiame without damage. A fiuxless District of Pennsylvania, at the dedication case of Esther, the Tiros satellite provided aluminum solder can now be used to repair of the East Freedom Post Office at East 2 precious days of advance warning b{;'fore eavespouts, fiashings, and utensils which Freedom, Pa., on October 21, 1961, 2 p.m.) the giant wind was observed by aircraft. formerly would have been discarded. Miniaturization has produced radios as It is a pleasure to be here this afternoon The Tiros series will be succeeded by the to participate in the ceremonies dedicating Nimbus satellite, scheduled for launching small as a lump of sugar. Research in elec­ tronics for space has brought remote control a new post office building to the service of late this year. An advanced design, which the community of East Freedom. will. be placed in polar orbit, Nimbus will be television switches. It is even possible to able to view every area on earth twice a day. buy a wristwatch powered by the same mer­ Those of us privileged to call Blair Meteorologists believe this new information cury batteries that operate a timing mecha­ County our home county are highly pleased will ultimately permit accurate long- and nism developed for the Explorer satellite. that it is regarded as one of the most beauti­ short-range weather forecasting for periods The byproducts of space research seem to ful areas of Pennsylvania. as· long as a month or even a season. be almost limitless, and are certain to change In addition we recall with pride that many A second area of great progress is tnat of the course of .our -lives. Most important, of the communities of Blair County have ' communications. however, is the fact that because of the im­ played important rples in the history of Citizens of almost every nation· have al­ petus of space requirements, these new ma­ our Nation and its expansion westward. ready' sighted Echo I, the huge passive com­ terials and new products will be available This dedication .Program reminds us that one of the most important institutions of munications satellit~ launched by NASA in for use in our own lifetimes, not decades 1960. Echo I demonstrated conclusively hence. the Nation is the postal service, composed . that, used as communications relays or re­ Other space research of more basic nature of many. parts, including post offices both flectors, satellites can extend line-of-sight will certainly produce major changes in the large anq small, the importance of any one transmissions to intercontinental ranges. way we live, and offer solutions to the many of which cannot be truly measured by size. With the world's growing need for com­ problems which confront the world and its The nationwide communications system munication facilities, and for cheaper and growing population. known as the postal service is only as strong more reliable methods of transmission, the Future spacecraft will require new sources as each of its parts. use of satellites holds forth enormous prom­ of power, and the research now being under­ One weak link would weaken the entire ise. During the past decade, the number of taken to find these sources may very well service. 576 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE January 18 Although this new East Freedom post of­ But I would like to recall, briefly, some The branch line of the railroad was dis­ fice is dwarfed. in size my many of the large of the earlier events and people concerned . continued in the county and the aut.omobile Federal buildings, such as we find in the with this community. became the mail transportation agency. Nation's Capital, it is no less important to The first settlers t.ook land grants about Contracts were made. with individuals to the people it serves or to the postal system. 1787, before we were a nation. . transport the malls and the routes they used Someone may question whether the mov­ Until 1838 the site which was to become became known as star. routes. ing o! the post office to this new building East Freedom was part of the landholdings Now there is airmail service from airports warrants a dedication ceremony. of Edward McGraw, Esq., and ·valentine Lin­ located within the county, to supplement True, this building does not house a new genfelter. other methods of transporting the II).ails. fact.ory to bring employment and other eco­ As proprietor, Edward McGraw laid out a The importance of adequate postal facili­ nomic benefits to this region. village plot in about 1839 or 1840. ties to a community cannot be overestimated. Some may say: It is only new quarters The earliest building was a one-room log No other institution touches the life of for the post office and why the excitement schoolhouse built in 1835, designated local­ each one as does the post office. about that? ly as being at Johnstown and Bedford cross­ Though the postal service ls a vast or­ After all, there has been a post office at roads. ganization, it is made up of many local units East Freedom for 120 years or more. Many ro~ met and crossed in this vicin­ such as the East Freedom Post Office, each In reply I would emphasize the fact that it y over which traveled a multitude of peo­ . a part of the commu::lity in which it is lo­ this is a unique occasion in the long history ple and a large volume of goods moving cated, staffed by friends and fellow citizens of the East Freedom Post Office because it westward across the Alleghenies to Portage, of the people of the community. is the first time. that it has moved into a Johnstown, and Pittsburgh. The standards upheld by the local post brandnew building. A building was erected to serve these office service make possible the high level of Besides being the first occupants of the crossroads' travelers known as Freedom service attained by the whole postal system. new building, the post office has available House. Innovations and improvements have more than twice the space of the old post The first stage service, through what is marked the progress of the postal service from office quarters. now Blair County, was established in 1804, its beginning. This fine new building we dedicate to­ running from Philadelphia to Pittsburgh. Although it ls one of our oldest institu­ day to the postal service of this community, The first house built on the site of East tions it has kept pace with the growth of the is an example of community enterprise, hav­ Freedom appears to have been in 1838, when Nation. ing been constructed with private funds and Joseph McCormick constructed a residence AB early settlers pushed across the Alle­ privately owned ~1th the post office renting and saddler shop, a frame building which ghenies westward to the Pacific, the postal the space. later became part of the Freedom Hotel. service followed them. At this point I wish to congratulate Mr. Soon afterward a shoemaker, George Yin­ The post omce of the 19th century did not Kenneth Claar, of East Freedom, who was ger, built 3: dwelling and George Kephart merely follow the pioneers but was in the successful in securing the contract to pro­ opened the Freedom Hotel, establishing the vanguard of the movement. vide this new and modern post office build­ nucleus of the vlllage. Where several families chose to settle in ing. _ Other pioneers included two merchants, a the same locale, one of the first steps in es­ It is a credit to the community and an tanner, and a physician. tablishing a village or town was to set up a example of cooperation between the Federal The village of East Freedom predates the post office in one of the homes or stores. Government and the private citizen. county of Blair, which was established in It is recorded that in 1829, when the pre­ The post office will occupy 1,000 square 1846. decessor to the East Freedom Post Office was feet of space instead of the former 400 At that time there were 13 post offices established, there were 8,050 post offices and square feet; 100 square feet of platform will in the county. 115,000 miles of post roads to serve a popula­ contribute to handling arrival and departure The community had a post office estab­ tion of 12 million. of the malls. lished at Three Forges in 1829, the predeces­ The Post Office Department handled nearly It ls altogether fitting and proper that we sor of the East Freedom Post Office which was opened at the new village in 1840, with 14 million letters during the year. should mark the completion of this build­ Service was slow by modern standards; the ing and its occupancy for public service with Robert Todd serving as postmaster. In 1831, the postmaster at Three Forges only means of transportation available were dedication ceremonies. horseback, stagecoach, ships and boats, and Such an occasion offers us an opportunity was John McGee, who received an annual compensation of $8.05. in some regions mail was carried on foot. to pa use and reflect on the significance of Despite all reforms possible under existing the services rendered by the post office, a Ten years later Postmaster E. F. Schoen­ berges was paid $15.70 and the net proceeds conditions, in 1837 stagecoaches were still symbol of man's freedom and progress. the principal means of transporting the malls We all tend to take the many vital serv­ of the post office were $26.91. Postmaster Robert Todd, who served at though a large part of the service was by ices of the post office for granted in our means of post riders and sulkies. daily lives. · East Freedom from its establishment until the last quarter of the year 1855, earned Postage rates were still essentially the same We are prone to forget it has been here as 100 years before when Benjamin Franklin from the earliest beginnings o! the com­ $40.82 in 1843 when net proceeds of the post office were $72.01. was postmaster in Philadelphia. munity. Envelopes and postage stamps were un­ It is so much a part of the community William Anderson became postmaster in the fourth quarter of 1855 and served until known. and its services so dependable as to seem In addition to innovations in the trans­ commonplace. May 4, 1861, when J. B. Kephart became postmaster. portation field, the post office has introduced No one thinks about it, but everybody uses many new services over the past 150 years, a it. The combined compensation paid to post­ masters for the year 1861 amounted to $58.81 period which nearly coincides with the exist­ Therefore, I am happy to join with you ence of the East Freedom Post Office. in this joyous occasion marking the begin­ and there was noted a "balance due the United States" of $48.58. In 1847 the first adhesive postage stamps ning of a new phase in the history of the were issued, providing a more efficient meth­ post office of East Freedom. The East Freedom Post Office receipts for the year 1960 amounted to $3,472 and it is od of paying postage. After several years of constant effort to rated as third-class post office. Although prepayment of postage was made improve postal facilities in my congressional The space and facilities which are now compulsory in 1855, the use of the adhesive district-it was pleasing to me to be able to available to Postmaster Burket and his staff postage stamps was not made obligatory announce on August 23, 1960, that a new of dedicated postal employees are a far cry until 1856. post office building had been authorized for from the time when the early day postmas­ During the period when postage was col- East Freedom. ters conducted the business from home or . lected from the addressee, or later when pre­ Today, 14 months following the date of store. paid postage was collected by both money its authorization, this fine new post office Important in the early development of and stamps, imagine the complications for building has become a reality. this area was the completion of the main the postmaster. On this happy occasion I wish to extend line of the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1854, Also picture the inconvenience if, today, it congratulations to the patrons of the East which superseded the Juniata Canal and should be necessary to collect the money for Freedom Post Office and to Postmaster Lloyd Portage Railroad facilities for transporting each piece of niail sent through our post J. Burket and the staff of dedicated postal goods and people, including the mail, mak­ office as the early postmasters did. employees of the East Freedom Post Office ing Altoona the main distributing point for stamped envelopes were first issued in 1853 who, with new modern lighting and equip­ mails in Blair County. and envelopes bearing the purchaser's return ment, are now able to provide even more In 1910 the Bedford and Hollidaysburg card were authorized in 1865. efficient postal service to this community. branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad was Registry service became an added conven­ This occasion forcibly reminds us that completed, serving the Eas.t Freedom Post ience in 1855, which did not speed the mail the beginnings of things are matters of in­ Office and others in Blair and Bedford but made it more secure. terest as well as importance. Counties along the line to Bedford and During the years since Its establishment, Doubtless the majority present here are Cumberland. the Bast Freedom Post Offtce has witnessed famlliar with the history of this community, Almost all the post offices of Blair County ·· and been a part of the progress of the postal its beginnings, its people and institutions. at one time had star route service. service. 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 577

Many of the modern postal services had This rUI'al d~livery service means we are for the armed services and of pictures of their origin in the legislation of 1845, in­ not obliged to make calls at the post office criminals wanted by Federal authorities. cluding the star routes. so frequently. The post office assists almost every other Although East Freedom was not· directry J>erhaps this very service has caused the department of Government in some way and concerned with the pony express which was significance of the post office to become less in many instances is the only representative inaugurated in 1860, this service played an apparent than in the days when everyone of the Federal Government in the com­ important part in speeding settlement of was required to call in person for his maiI. munity. the West and was responsible for experi­ The list of services rendered by the postal The post office of East Freedom is part of ments which led to the railway post office . service is far too long to detail here. the Nation's postal service, a service which car in 1862. Briefly, I will mention some of the duties . has contributed so much to the progress and Rural delivery service, which started in added to the work of postal employees welfare of the people. Like the national 1896, made the post office even more impor­ aside from the handling of the mails. postal service, the post office of East Free­ tant to this community as well as to many Over the years these include the sale of dom has been and continues to be a vital others. U.S. bonds and Treasury certificates, sale and significant institution in the lives of the We are all aware of what this service has and redemption of various types of bonds citizens of this community. meant and continues to mean to many such as the liberty and savings bonds, sale Therefore, as a Member of Congress who people. has consistently sought to help modernize There is no measure of the convenience of. of revenue stamps and duck stamps, col­ some 12,000 post offices considered obsolete having personal and business letters, mag­ lection of custom duties on parcels, register­ or providing inadequate space, I share your azines, and newspapers delivered daily to us ing of aliens, forwarding donations for a joy on the acquisition of this new and at our homes. long list of charitable organizations, taking · modern post office building, and I am pleased Parcel post service increased the value of deer or grouse census, giving information on to be here with you today to participate in rural delivery to many citizens. civil service examinations, display of posters the dedication ceremonies.

calling frequently the Good Friday en- "to promote maximum employment, pro­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dured by Thy divine Son · prior to His duction, and purchasing power"; glorious resurrection on Easter Sunday. The economy is again moving toward MONDAY, JANUARY 22, 1962 May the end be in sight of the Good the central objective of the act-to afford The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Friday being endured by the Ukrainian ' "useful employment opportunities, in­ The Reverend Joseph J. Fedorek, rec­ Nation. May its resurrection as a sover- eluding self-employment, for those able, tor, St. Michael's Ukrainian Catholic eign nation be swift in coming to pass, willing, and seeking to work." Church, Shenandoah, Pa., offered the we pray and beseech Thee, through Jesus My first Economic Report is an appro­ f