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1 Septembre 1894 1 Septembre 1894- septembre1898 : Les Années d'apprentissage. n° 1 La toute première lettre d'Albert Antébi conservée aux archives de l'AIU1 date du 26 septembre 1894, six ans après son arrivée à Paris, à l'école du Travail. A la suite de ses trois ans d'apprentissage rue des Rosiers2, il a passé trois autres années à l'Ecole des Arts et Métiers de Châlons/Marne, dont il a été renvoyé avant de passer son concours de sortie, le directeur ayant appris que le jeune homme était de religion israélite3. L'AIU l'envoie finir sa dernière année d'études à l'Ecole des Arts et Métiers d'Angers4 . Albert écrit à Jacques Bigart : Angers, le 26 septembre 1894 Monsieur le Secrétaire, A mon arrivée dans cette ville, je me suis présenté chez l'ingénieur de l'Ecole auquel je lui ai remis [sic] mes lettres de recommandation ; il me réserva un bon accueil et fut assez aimable pour m'accompagner à la recherche d'une chambre ; il me donna en outre tous les renseignements nécessaires et m'invita de venir de temps à autre dans sa famille. Le programme est le même qu'à Châlons mais un grave inconvénient est à obvier. Certains chapitres de la mécanique et de la technologie non vus à Châlons sont traités à Angers. J'attends la rentrée des classes pour prendre une mesure quelconque afin de ne pas subir un retard pour mes camarades. Le directeur est encore à Paris, sa dame est égyptienne, je compte sur sa discrétion pour laisser ignorer ma qualité d'israélite. Le cléricalisme bat son plein ici, les églises sont très nombreuses et les habitants conservent encore le fanatisme religieux du moyen âge ; le Juif est chez eux légendaire. Les 5 familles israélites qui habitent Angers sont forcées de se tenir dans la plus grande réserve ; elles dépendent de la communauté de Nantes. Mon père m'apprend dans sa dernière lettre qu'il aura 1 Archives AIU Jérusalem II E , 5-7 ,n°3407 2 Registre de l'Ecole du Travail, 4 bis rue des Rosiers 3 Selon le service des Archives de l'Ecole des Arts et Métiers à Châlons/Marne, on ne trouve nulle trace du passage d'Albert Antébi parmi les élèves. Sa présence est toutefois attestée par les archives de l'AIU, ainsi que par les témoignages familiaux d'Henriette Antébi, épouse d'Albert, et de son neveu Armand Antébi, fils d'Elie. 4 L’Ecole nationale supérieure des Arts et Métiers a été créée en 1801 dans l’ancien prytanée de Compiègne par le chimiste Jean Chaptal, comte de Chanteloup (1756-1832), alors ministre de l’Intérieur de l’Empereur, qui a aussi établi les chambres de commerce. 1 BIBLIOGRAPHIE ALLEMAGNE (Cf. aussi Hilfsverein) G. Benzinger : Palestine in German Thought and Action 1871-1914, thèse, Chicago, Loyola University, 1971. Emil Ludwig : Guillaume II, Paris, Payot, 1930. ALLIANCE ISRAELITE UNIVERSELLE (AIU) “Antébi Albert”, article signé Y.S., Encyclopaedia Judaïca, V. 3, col. 36, date d’édition inconnue. Elizabeth Antébi : “Henriette Antébi, une Lorraine en Palestine”, Les Cahiers de l’Alliance israélite universelle, décembre 1993, n°6 nouvelle série, pp. 3-7. Jacques Bigart : “L’action de l’Alliance Israélite en Turquie”, conférence faite à l’Université Populaire Juive, Paris, 24 mai 1913. (Bibl. AIU cote 8°UBr.1292) André Chouraqui : L’Alliance israélite universelle et la renaissance juive contemporaine Paris, PUF, 1965. Sylvain Halff : “A la mémoire de Jacques Bigart, 1855-1934”, Paris, 1934 (Bibl.AIU cote J 14b) Michaël M. Laskier : “Abraham Albert Antébi : chapitres de son activité (1897-1914)”[hébreu], Pe’amim, 21, 1984. Lucien Lazare : “L’Alliance Israélite Universelle en Palestine à l’époque de la révolution des ‘Jeunes Turcs’ et sa mission en Orient du 29 octobre 1908 au 19 janvier 1909.” Revue des Etudes Juives, CXXXVIII, 3-4, juillet-décembre 1979, pp. 307-335. “Albert Antébi, après sa démission de l’Alliance Israélite Universelle, 1913-1919”. Revue des Etudes Juives, CXLVIII, 1- 2, janvier-juin 1989, pp. 113-120. Narcisse Leven : 50 ans d’histoire. L’Alliance israélite universelle, Paris, t.I, 1911 ; t.II, 1920. Maurice Liber : “Zadoc Kahn et le sionisme”, L’Echo sioniste, 10 mai 1913. A. H. Navon : Les 70 ans de l’Ecole Normale Israélite Orientale (1865- 1935), Paris, 1935. “Nissim Béhar, pédagogue et militant”, Les cahiers de l’Alliance Israélite Universelle, n°4 nouvelle série, janvier 1993, pp. 2-5. Aron Rodrigue French Jews, Turkish Jews : The Alliance Israélite Universelle in Turkey, 1860-1914, thèse présentée au département d’histoire pour le doctorat de philosophie de l’université de Harvard, août 1985. Paul Silberman : An investigation of the schools operated by the AIU from 1862 to 1940, thèse présentée à New York University, 1973. Zosa Szajkowski : “Conflicts in the Alliance Israélite Universelle and the Founding of the Anglo-Jewish Association, the Vienna Allianz and the Hilfsverein”, Jewish Social Studies, vol. XIX, janvier-avril 1957, 2 n°1-2, pp. 29-50. (Bibl. AIU cote 4°UBr1583) Julien Weill : Zadoc Kahn, Paris, 1911. AMERIQUE Cyrus Adler : Jacob Schiff. His Life and Letters, Londres, 1929. Paul Arnsberg : Jacob H. Schiff : Von der Frankfurter Judengasse zur Wall Street, Francfort/Main, 1972. M. Feinstein : American Zionism 1884-1904, New York, 1965. Nathan Glazer : Les Juifs américains, du XVIIe siècle à nos jours, traduit de l’anglais par Eddy Trèves, Calmann-Lévy, Paris, 1972. (Bibl. AIU cote U 8686) Marwin Lowenthal : The Jews of Germany : A Story of Sixteen Centuries, New York, 1936. David Malkam : La fantastique histoire du B’nai B’rith, Paris, 1993 (Bibl. AIU, cote 4005). Frank E. Manuel : The realities of American-Palestine relations, Washington, Public Affairs Press, 1949 (Bibl. AIU cote U 3958), pp. 132, 134 pour Antébi I.S. Meyer : Early history of Zionism in America, New York, 1958. Henri Morgenthau : Mémoires de l’ambassadeur Morgenthau, Paris, 1919 Oscar S. Straus : Under Four Administrations, from Cleveland to Taft, Boston, 1922. Zosa Szajkowski : “The Alliance Israélite Universelle in the United States, 1860-1949”, Publication of the American Jewish Historical Society, XXXIX, 4, 1950, pp. 389-443. ANGLETERRE The Century of Moses Montefiore, edited by Sonia and V.D. Lipman, Oxford University Press, 1985. ARABES Néguib Azoury : Le réveil de la nation arabe dans l’Asie turque, Paris, 1906 Neil Caplan : Palestine Jewry and the Arab Question, 1917-1925, Londres, Frank Cass, 1978. Salomon D. Goitein, Juifs et Arabes, Editions de Minuit, Paris, 1957 (Bibl.AIU cote A 2067) Henry Laurens : L’Orient Arabe Arabisme et islamisme de 1798 à 1945, Paris, Armand Colin, 1994. Neville J. Mandel: “Attempts at an Arab-Zionist Entente 1913- 1914”, Middle Eastern Studies, avril 1946. The Arabs and Zionism before World War I, Berkeley, Los Angeles, Londres, University of California Press, 1976, pp. XI, 14, 16, 20, 21, 23, 25, 26, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45 (portrait), 46, 49, 55, 62, 63, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70, 72, 73, 78, 79, 80, 81, 104, 105, 117, 121, 134, 137, 138, 166, 167, 168, 173, 174, 216, 217, 218, pour Antébi. Y. Porath : The emergence of the Palestinian-Arab National Movement, 3 1918-1929, London, Frank Cass, 1974 Yaacov Shimoni : Political dictionnary of the Arab World, New York, Londres, Mac Millan, 1987. Eliezer Tauber : The Emergence of the Arab Movements, Londres, Frank Cass, 1993. EGYPTE Aegypten, Handbuch für Reisende, Leipzig, Karl Baedeker, 1877 Egypt and the Sûdan, Handbook for Travellers, London, New York, Karl Baedeker, 1929. Juifs d’Egypte, images et textes, Paris, Editions du Scribe, 1984. Jacob M. Landau : Jews in Nineteenth-Century Egypt, New York, Londres, 1969. David S. Landes : Banquiers et Pachas, Paris, Albin-Michel, 1993. Maurice Mizrahi : L’Egypte et les Juifs. Le Temps révolu. Paris, 1977. EMPIRE OTTOMAN (Cf. aussi “Jeunes Turcs”) Abdul Hamid’s Palestine. Rare century-old photographs from the private collection of the Ottoman sultan now published for the first time, selected and introduced by Jacob M. Landau, Jérusalem, 1976. (Bibl. AIU cote R 332). Bat Ye’or : Le Dhimmi, Paris, Editions Anthropos, 1980. Maurice Baumont, Raymond Isay et Henry Germain-Martin : L’Europe de 1900 à 1914, Paris, 1966. Esther Benbassa : Haïm Nahum Effendi, dernier grand rabbin de l’Empire ottoman (1908-1920) : son rôle politique et diplomatique, thèse de doctorat d’Etat ès Lettres Université de Paris III Orient-Monde Arabe, 5 juin 1987, pp. 65, 92-93, 96, 262, 451-452, pour Antébi. Une vie judéo-espagnole à l’Est : Gabriel Arié, Paris, Cerf, 1992. Benoist-Méchin : Mustapha Kémal ou la mort d’un Empire, Paris, Albin- Michel, 1954. André Chouraqui : L’Etat d’Israël, Paris, PUF, 1955. Albert Confino : Scènes de la vie juive en Orient, Alger, 1942. (Bibl. AIU cote U 3265) Youssef Courbage et Philippe Fargues : Chrétiens et Juifs dans l’Islam arabe et turc, Paris, Fayard, 1992. Vital Cuinet : Syrie, Liban et Palestine. Géographie administrative: statistique descriptive et raisonnée, Paris, 1896 Moïse Franco : Essai sur l’histoire des Israélites de l’Empire Ottoman depuis les origines jusqu’à nos jours, New York, Hidelsheim, 1973 (Bibl. AIU cote A 1367) Christian and Jews in the Ottoman Empire, edited by Benjamin Braude et Bernard Lewis, New York, Londres, 1982. Abraham Galanté : Abdul Hamid II et le sionisme, Istanbul, 1933. Histoire des Juifs d’Istanbul, Istanbul, 1941 (Bibl. AIU cote U 1175) 4 Myriam Harry : “La petite fille de Jérusalem”, feuilleton, La Petite Illustration, n° 54, 56, 58. Histoire de l’Empire ottoman, sous la direction de Robert Mantran, Fayard, Paris, 1989. “Le dernier sursaut (1878-1908)”, par François Georgeon. “La mort d’un empire” (1908-1923)” par Paul Dumont et François Georgeon (pp. 577-647) Histoire Universelle des Juifs, sous la direction de Elie Barnavi, Hachette, 1992 E.
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