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Challenges Facing American Higher Education the Future of Power american academy of arts & sciences spring 2011 Bulletin vol. lxiv, no. 3 Challenges Facing American Higher Education The University and the City John Sexton, Ruth J. Simmons, Robert M. Berdahl, and Jared L. Cohon The Future of Our Research Universities John L.Hennessy The Great American University Jonathan R. Cole The Future of Power Joseph S. Nye, Jr. ALSO INSIDE: The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and the NEH Support Data for the Humanities Nuclear Reactors: Generation to Generation Stephen Goldberg and Robert Rosner The Financial Crisis & Economic Policy Benjamin M. Friedman and Robert M. Solow Calendar of Events September 30–October 2, 2011 December 7, 2011 Induction Weekend–Cambridge Stated Meeting–Stanford The Future of the Military Contents October 27, 2011 Speakers: John L. Hennessy (Stanford Stated Meeting–Berkeley University) and David M. Kennedy Nuclear Reactors: Healing the Troubled American Economy (Stanford University) Generation to Generation 1 Speakers: Christina Romer (University December 14, 2011 The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation of California, Berkeley) and David H. and the neh Partner with the Romer (University of California, Berkeley) Stated Meeting–Cambridge Academy to Support Data Holiday Concert Collection for the Humanities 2 November 9, 2011 Speaker: Christoph Wolff (Harvard Stated Meeting–Cambridge Academy Presents Scholar-Patriot University) Award to Yo-Yo Ma 3 Awarding of the Talcott Parsons Prize Performer: Robert Levin (Harvard and Response: Two Systems in the Mind University) Academy Meetings Speaker: Daniel Kahneman (Princeton For information and reservations, contact The University and the City 4 University) the Events Of½ce (phone: 617-576-5032; John Sexton, Robert M. Berdahl, email: [email protected]). Jared L. Cohon,and Ruth J. Simmons November 12, 2011 The Future of Our Research Universities 19 Stated Meeting–Chicago John L. Hennessy WikiLeaks The Great American University 27 Speakers: Geoffrey R. Stone (University Jonathan R. Cole of Chicago Law School), Judith Miller The Financial Crisis and (formerly of The New York Times), and Economic Policy 36 Gariel Schoenfeld (Hudson Institute; Benjamin M. Friedman Witherspoon Institute) and Robert M. Solow The Future of Power 45 Joseph S. Nye, Jr. Noteworthy 53 New Publication Nuclear Reactors: Generation to Generation The repercussions of the March 2011 cri- the cost, safety, and security attributes of sis at Japan’s Fukushima nuclear complex the major nuclear reactor designs, as well will be felt around the world. However, the as their properties with regard to refueling incident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear and fuel disposition requirements. power plant is unlikely to reverse the de- In assessing the features of reactor designs, mand for nuclear power. Despite the events both those already deployed and those on in Japan, the governments of Turkey, the drawing board, the authors, gnf Se- Poland, Chile, Indonesia, and Algeria have nior Advisors Stephen Goldberg (Argonne announced that they are moving forward National Laboratory) and Robert Rosner with their nuclear power development pro- (University of Chicago), focus on two of grams. Abu Dhabi broke ground for its ½rst the key questions that will determine the nuclear reactor three days after the earth- future of nuclear power around the world: quake and tsunami off the coast of Japan. “What is safe enough?” and “What are we Although the pace of the nuclear renais- going to do about the nuclear waste?” Cost, sance may be slowed, a number of states Robert Rosner regulatory burdens, possible terrorist inci- are still committed to their nuclear energy dents, and the fate of alternative sources of plans. energy are other factors that will play an For more than three years, the Academy’s important role in the nuclear future. Global Nuclear Future (gnf) Initiative has Since the nuclear power plants in Fukushima brought together technical experts, policy- share design features with many reactors in makers, and proliferation specialists from the United States, Goldberg and Rosner around the world to identify and promote predict there will be greater public scrutiny measures that will limit the safety, security, of all domestic nuclear facilities, including and proliferation risks raised by the grow- increased pressure to retire some nuclear ing global appetite for nuclear energy. generating facilities earlier than their A new monograph, Nuclear Reactors: Gener- scheduled design life. ation to Generation, provides background on Nuclear Reactors: Generation to Generation is available on the Academy’s website at www Stephen Goldberg .amacad.org/publications/nuclearReactors .aspx. Other publications from the Global Nuclear The Academy is grateful to Robert Rosner Future Initiative available on the Academy’s and Stephen Goldberg for writing this time- website include: gnf ly paper, and to codirectors Steven The two-volume special issue of Dædalus on Miller (Harvard University) and Scott · gnf The Global Nuclear Future (www.amacad Sagan (Stanford University). The Ini- .org/publications/daedalus/fall2009/ tiative continues to have influence in the coverPage.aspx); United States and abroad, thanks to valu- able guidance from its advisory committee: · Multinational Approaches to the Nuclear Fuel Albert Carnesale (University of California, Cycle (www.amacad.org/publications/ Los Angeles); Thomas Isaacs (Stanford nuclearCycle.aspx); University and Lawrence Livermore Nation- · Shared Responsibilities for Nuclear Disarma- al Laboratory); Richard Meserve (Carnegie ment: A Global Debate (www.amacad.org/ Institution for Science); George Perkovich publications/nuclearShared.aspx); and (Carnegie Endowment for International · Nuclear Energy in the Middle East: Implications, Peace); and John Rowe (Exelon Corpora- Challenges, Opportunities (www.amacad tion). .org/pdfs/abudhabiReport.pdf ). Bulletin of the American Academy, Spring 2011 1 Academy News The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and the National Endowment for the Humanities Partner with the Academy to Expand the Humanities Indicators The American Academy of Arts and Sciences has received major tics, and religion departments at 1,400 four-year colleges and uni- awards of support for data collection in the humanities that will versities. The survey results will reveal up-to-date information on signi½cantly increase knowledge of the state of humanistic educa- data trends in the curriculum and workforce. tion and research in the United States. “The Academy’s Humanities Indicators project offers a much-needed Grants from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and from the yardstick for measuring the health and impact of humanities re- National Endowment for the Humanities (neh) will support the search and education in America today,” said Carole Watson, Academy’s Humanities Indicators (www.HumanitiesIndicators.org), Deputy Chairman of the neh. “The National Endowment for the the ½rst comprehensive collection of statistical data about the hu- Humanities is pleased to assist in this effort to provide academic manities in the United States. leaders and policy-makers the data they need to make informed decisions on humanities curricula, funding, and programs.” “We are grateful to the neh and to the Andrew W. Mellon Foun- dation for their commitment to the humanities and their con½dence Recent data from the Indicators reveal that: in the Academy,” said Leslie Cohen Berlowitz, President of the l Academy and project codirector. “With their support, we will con- Humanities degrees as a proportion of all bachelor’s degrees tinue to be able to provide critical data on the state of the humani- declined 46 percent over the past 30 years. ties to scholars, policy-makers, and the public that will inform and l More than half of students graduating from U.S. high schools enrich our national discussions for years to come.” in 2006 failed to demonstrate basic knowledge of history, and more than a third lacked basic knowledge of civics. The American Academy works closely on this project with the Na- tional Opinion Research Center (norc) under the leadership of l In 2003–2004, 28.2 percent of high school students were taught Norman Bradburn. Developed in collaboration with national hu- history by someone without certi½cation or a postsecondary manities organizations, the Humanities Indicators provide reliable degree in history, a greater percentage than for any other mea- benchmarks to guide analysis of the state of the humanities in ½ve sured subject area. areas: primary and secondary education, undergraduate and grad- l The United States ranks in the bottom third internationally in uate education, the workforce, funding and research, and the hu- the percentage of its population possessing prose literacy skills manities in American life. The Humanities Indicators website has necessary for successful secondary school completion (47 per- attracted more than 1.5 million visitors since it was launched in cent). January 2009. “Before the Humanities Indicators, data concerning issues as funda- The National Endowment for the Humanities was created in mental as the number of students enrolled nationwide in courses 1965 as an independent federal agency. It supports research and devoted to the humanities either were entirely lacking or were in- learning in history, literature, philosophy, and other areas of the consistently assembled, hard to access, poorly disseminated, un- humanities by funding selected, peer-reviewed proposals from wittingly ignored, and routinely underutilized,” said Francis around
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