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Dynamique Spatiale Du Charançon Du Bananier En Interaction Avec Le Système De Culture Et L’Organisation Paysagère Fabrice Vinatier

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Dynamique Spatiale Du Charançon Du Bananier En Interaction Avec Le Système De Culture Et L’Organisation Paysagère Fabrice Vinatier Dynamique spatiale du charançon du bananier en interaction avec le système de culture et l’organisation paysagère Fabrice Vinatier To cite this version: Fabrice Vinatier. Dynamique spatiale du charançon du bananier en interaction avec le système de culture et l’organisation paysagère. Ecologie, Environnement. AgroParisTech, 2010. Français. NNT : 2010AGPT0068. pastel-00564816 HAL Id: pastel-00564816 https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00564816 Submitted on 10 Feb 2011 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. T H È S E Présentée pour obtenir le grade de docteur délivré par L’Institut des Sciences et Industries du Vivant et de l’Environnement (AgroParisTech) Spécialité : Sciences agronomiques Fabrice VINATIER Dynamique spatiale du charançon du bananier en interaction avec le système de culture et l'organisation paysagère Directeur de thèse : Françoise LESCOURRET Co-encadrement de la thèse : Philippe TIXIER Soutenue publiquement le 18 novembre 2010 devant le jury composé de Sandrine Petit Directeur de recherche, INRA, Dijon Rapporteur Walter Rossing Associate Professor, Wageningen University Rapporteur Roger Arditi Professeur, AgroParisTech, Paris Examinateur Philippe Lucas Directeur de recherche, INRA, Le Rheu Examinateur Jean-Loup Notteghem Professeur, SupAgro, Montpellier Président du Jury Françoise Lescourret Directeur de recherche, INRA, Avignon Directrice Philippe Tixier Chercheur, CIRAD, Martinique Invité CIRAD - UPR 26 – Systèmes de culture bananiers, plantains, ananas TABLE DES MATIERES ii TABLE DES MATIERES TABLE DES MATIERES AVANT -PROPOS ..................................................................................................... 9 CHAPITRE I –INTRODUCTION GENERALE ........................................................... 11 1. Comprendre l'hétérogénéité spatiale des populations d'insectes ............................................ 11 2.1. Caractéristiques générales et écologie .................................................................................................. 16 2.2. Dynamique d'infestation des parcelles de bananeraies ......................................................................... 21 2.3. Stratégies de lutte contre le charançon du bananier .............................................................................. 23 3. Bases et objectifs de la thèse ....................................................................................................... 24 CHAPITRE II - OUTILS ET METHODES POUR COMPRENDRE L 'HETEROGENEITE SPATIALE DES POPULATIONS ............................................................................... 27 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 31 2. Characterization of the spatial pattern of insect populations ................................................. 33 2.1 Overview of sampling methods ............................................................................................................. 36 2.2 Types of spatial population patterns ...................................................................................................... 36 2.3 Methods to define the kind of spatial pattern......................................................................................... 37 3. Identification of factors affecting spatial pattern ..................................................................... 39 3.1 Interpolation as a method to evaluate continuous environmental factors at unsampled locations ......... 40 3.2 Assessment of landscape elements ........................................................................................................ 40 3.3 Methods to link candidate factors to population patterns ...................................................................... 42 4. Mechanistic modelling approaches ............................................................................................ 43 4.1 Choice of modelling approaches in relation to the resolution of the model .......................................... 46 4.2 Models as exploratory tools for studying the spatial arrangement of resources .................................... 47 4.3 Modelling interactions at the local or individual scale .......................................................................... 48 5. Linking spatial patterns and ecological processes .................................................................... 48 5.1 Inductive procedure ............................................................................................................................... 49 5.2 Deductive procedure using empirical studies ........................................................................................ 49 5.3 Deductive procedure using statistical models ........................................................................................ 50 5.4 Deductive procedure using mechanistic models .................................................................................... 51 6. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 52 References ........................................................................................................................................ 54 CHAPITRE III – MESURE DE LA DISPERSION DES ADULTES DE C. SORDIDUS . .... 63 Abstract .............................................................................................................. 65 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 66 2. Material and methods ................................................................................................................. 68 2.1. Insect trapping, sexing, and marking .................................................................................................... 68 2.2 Laboratory experiment .......................................................................................................................... 69 2.3 Field experiments .................................................................................................................................. 70 2.4 Statistical analysis.................................................................................................................................. 75 3. Results .......................................................................................................................................... 76 iii TABLE DES MATIERES 3.1 Efficiency of the tagging method .......................................................................................................... 76 3.2 Dispersal parameters of C. sordidus ...................................................................................................... 77 3.3 Effect of management practices on movement patterns of C. sordidus ................................................. 80 4. Discussion ..................................................................................................................................... 81 Acknowledgements.......................................................................................................................... 84 References ........................................................................................................................................ 85 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 92 2. Methods ........................................................................................................................................ 94 2.1. Study species and radio-tracking data set ............................................................................................. 94 2.2. Overview of the approach ..................................................................................................................... 94 2.3. Parameter estimation ............................................................................................................................ 95 2.4. Pattern-oriented modeling .................................................................................................................... 96 3. Results .......................................................................................................................................... 96 4. Discussion ................................................................................................................................... 101 Appendix A. Characteristics of the radio-tracking data set. ..................................................... 104 5. References .................................................................................................................................. 106 CHAPITRE V – MISE AU POINT D ’UN MODELE INDIVIDU CENTRE SIMULANT LA DYNAMIQUE SPATIALE DU CHARANÇON ET DE SES DEGATS ............................
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