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Oogenesis and Mode of Reproduction in the Soybean Cyst Nematode, Heterodera Glycines1)
OOGENESIS AND MODE OF REPRODUCTION IN THE SOYBEAN CYST NEMATODE, HETERODERA GLYCINES1) BY A. C. TRIANTAPHYLLOU and HEDWIG HIRSCHMANN Departments of Genetics and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State College, Raleigh, North Carolina, U.S.A. Oögenesis and mode of reproduction were studied in four populations of the soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines. Oögonial divisions occurred before and during the fourth molt. Maturation of oöcytes proceeded only in inseminated females and was normal, consisting of two meiotic divisions and the formation of two polar nuclei. Nine bivalents were present at metaphase I in all populations. Sperm entered the oöcytes at late prophase or early metaphase I. Following the second maturation division, sperm and egg pronuclei fused to form the zygote nucleus. Six females obtained from 200 larval inoculations of soybean seedlings failed to produce embryonated eggs and showed marked retardation in growth. In conclusion, H. glycines has a normal meiotic cycle and reproduces by cross fertilization. "Prior to 1940, there was a strong tendency to refer all of the cyst-forming nematodes to a single species, Heterodera schachtii Schmidt ..." (Taylor, 1957 ) . Infraspecific categories identified on the basis of host preferences were later distinguished by slight morphological differences and were described as separate species. Although as many as fifteen or sixteen species have been recognized, the taxonomic situation is far from satisfactory. The specific rank of some species is questionable, whereas other species contain forms which may well deserve specific rank. Cytological and, furthermore, cytogenetical studies may elucidate the evolutionary relationships among the various Heterodera species. Information on various aspects of oogenesis of six Heterodera species is already available (Mulvey, 1957, 1958, 1960; Riley & Chapman, 1957; Cotten, 1960). -
BIOPAPUA Expedition Highlighting Deep-Sea Benthic Biodiversity of Papua New- Guinea
Biopapua Expedition – Progress report MUSÉUM NATIONAL D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE 57 rue Cuvier 75005 PARIS‐ France BIOPAPUA Expedition Highlighting deep-sea benthic Biodiversity of Papua New- Guinea Submitted by: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN) Represented by (co‐PI): Dr Sarah Samadi (Researcher, IRD) Dr Philippe Bouchet (Professor, MNHN) Dr Laure Corbari (Research associate, MNHN) 1 Biopapua Expedition – Progress report Contents Foreword 3 1‐ Our understanding of deep‐sea biodiversity of PNG 4 2 ‐ Tropical Deep‐Sea Benthos program 5 3‐ Biopapua Expedition 7 4‐ Collection management 15 5‐ Preliminary results 17 6‐ Outreach and publications 23 7‐ Appendices 26 Appendix 1 27 NRI, note n°. 302/2010 on 26th march, 2010, acceptance of Biopapua reseach programme Appendix 2 28 Biopapua cruise Report, submitted by Ralph MANA (UPNG) A Report Submitted to School of Natural and Physical Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea Appendix 3 39 Chan, T.Y (2012) A new genus of deep‐sea solenocerid shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Penaeoidea) from the Papua New Guinea. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 32(3), 489‐495. Appendix 4 47 Pante E, Corbari L., Thubaut J., Chan TY, Mana R., Boisselier MC, Bouchet P., Samadi S. (In Press). Exploration of the deep‐sea fauna of Papua New Guinea. Oceanography Appendix 5 60 Richer de Forges B. & Corbari L. (2012) A new species of Oxypleurodon Miers, 1886 (Crustacea Brachyura, Majoidea) from the Bismark Sea, Papua New Guinea. Zootaxa. 3320: 56–60 Appendix 6 66 Taxonomic list: Specimens in MNHN and Taiwan collections 2 Biopapua Expedition – Progress report Foreword Biopapua cruise was a MNHN/IRD deep‐sea cruise in partnership with the School of Natural and Physical Sciences, University of Papua New Guinea. -
Evaluating and Treating the Reproductive System
18_Reproductive.qxd 8/23/2005 11:44 AM Page 519 CHAPTER 18 Evaluating and Treating the Reproductive System HEATHER L. BOWLES, DVM, D ipl ABVP-A vian , Certified in Veterinary Acupuncture (C hi Institute ) Reproductive Embryology, Anatomy and Physiology FORMATION OF THE AVIAN GONADS AND REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY The avian gonads arise from more than one embryonic source. The medulla or core arises from the meso- nephric ducts. The outer cortex arises from a thickening of peritoneum along the root of the dorsal mesentery within the primitive gonadal ridge. Mesodermal germ cells that arise from yolk-sac endoderm migrate into this gonadal ridge, forming the ovary. The cells are initially distributed equally to both sides. In the hen, these germ cells are then preferentially distributed to the left side, and migrate from the right to the left side as well.58 Some avian species do in fact have 2 ovaries, including the brown kiwi and several raptor species. Sexual differ- entiation begins by day 5 in passerines and domestic fowl and by day 11 in raptor species. Differentiation of the ovary is characterized by development of the cortex, while the medulla develops into the testis.30,58 As the embryo develops, the germ cells undergo three phases of oogenesis. During the first phase, the oogonia actively divide for a defined time period and then stop at the first prophase of the first maturation division. During the second phase, the germ cells grow in size to become primary oocytes. This occurs approximately at the time of hatch in domestic fowl. During the third phase, oocytes complete the first maturation division to 18_Reproductive.qxd 8/23/2005 11:44 AM Page 520 520 Clinical Avian Medicine - Volume II become secondary oocytes. -
Platypus Collins, L.R
AUSTRALIAN MAMMALS BIOLOGY AND CAPTIVE MANAGEMENT Stephen Jackson © CSIRO 2003 All rights reserved. Except under the conditions described in the Australian Copyright Act 1968 and subsequent amendments, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, duplicating or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Contact CSIRO PUBLISHING for all permission requests. National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Jackson, Stephen M. Australian mammals: Biology and captive management Bibliography. ISBN 0 643 06635 7. 1. Mammals – Australia. 2. Captive mammals. I. Title. 599.0994 Available from CSIRO PUBLISHING 150 Oxford Street (PO Box 1139) Collingwood VIC 3066 Australia Telephone: +61 3 9662 7666 Local call: 1300 788 000 (Australia only) Fax: +61 3 9662 7555 Email: [email protected] Web site: www.publish.csiro.au Cover photos courtesy Stephen Jackson, Esther Beaton and Nick Alexander Set in Minion and Optima Cover and text design by James Kelly Typeset by Desktop Concepts Pty Ltd Printed in Australia by Ligare REFERENCES reserved. Chapter 1 – Platypus Collins, L.R. (1973) Monotremes and Marsupials: A Reference for Zoological Institutions. Smithsonian Institution Press, rights Austin, M.A. (1997) A Practical Guide to the Successful Washington. All Handrearing of Tasmanian Marsupials. Regal Publications, Collins, G.H., Whittington, R.J. & Canfield, P.J. (1986) Melbourne. Theileria ornithorhynchi Mackerras, 1959 in the platypus, 2003. Beaven, M. (1997) Hand rearing of a juvenile platypus. Ornithorhynchus anatinus (Shaw). Journal of Wildlife Proceedings of the ASZK/ARAZPA Conference. 16–20 March. -
Calaby References
Abbott, I.J. (1974). Natural history of Curtis Island, Bass Strait. 5. Birds, with some notes on mammal trapping. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 107: 171–74. General; Rodents; Abbott, I. (1978). Seabird islands No. 56 Michaelmas Island, King George Sound, Western Australia. Corella 2: 26–27. (Records rabbit and Rattus fuscipes). General; Rodents; Lagomorphs; Abbott, I. (1981). Seabird Islands No. 106 Mondrain Island, Archipelago of the Recherche, Western Australia. Corella 5: 60–61. (Records bush-rat and rock-wallaby). General; Rodents; Abbott, I. and Watson, J.R. (1978). The soils, flora, vegetation and vertebrate fauna of Chatham Island, Western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 60: 65–70. (Only mammal is Rattus fuscipes). General; Rodents; Adams, D.B. (1980). Motivational systems of agonistic behaviour in muroid rodents: a comparative review and neural model. Aggressive Behavior 6: 295–346. Rodents; Ahern, L.D., Brown, P.R., Robertson, P. and Seebeck, J.H. (1985). Application of a taxon priority system to some Victorian vertebrate fauna. Fisheries and Wildlife Service, Victoria, Arthur Rylah Institute of Environmental Research Technical Report No. 32: 1–48. General; Marsupials; Bats; Rodents; Whales; Land Carnivores; Aitken, P. (1968). Observations on Notomys fuscus (Wood Jones) (Muridae-Pseudomyinae) with notes on a new synonym. South Australian Naturalist 43: 37–45. Rodents; Aitken, P.F. (1969). The mammals of the Flinders Ranges. Pp. 255–356 in Corbett, D.W.P. (ed.) The natural history of the Flinders Ranges. Libraries Board of South Australia : Adelaide. (Gives descriptions and notes on the echidna, marsupials, murids, and bats recorded for the Flinders Ranges; also deals with the introduced mammals, including the dingo). -
Sperm Storage in the Oviduct of the American Alligator DANIEL H
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY 309A:581–587 (2008) Sperm Storage in the Oviduct of the American Alligator DANIEL H. GIST1Ã, APRIL BAGWILL2, VALENTINE LANCE3, 2 4 DAVID M. SEVER , AND RUTH M. ELSEY 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 2Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 3San Diego State University, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego, California 4Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries, Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge, Grand Chenier, Louisiana ABSTRACT Oviducts of the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) were examined histologically for the presence of stored sperm. Two regions containing sperm were identified, one at the junction of the posterior uterus and the vagina (UVJ) and the other at the junction of the tube and isthmus (TIJ). In these areas, sperm were found in the lumina of oviductal glands. The glands in these areas of the oviduct are diffuse and shallow and appear to allow better access to sperm than glands located elsewhere. Histochemically, the glands of the UVJ reacted weakly for carbohydrates and proteins, whereas those of the TIJ reacted strongly for these same two components, secretions of which are associated with sperm storage structures in other reptiles. Sperm were not in contact with the glandular epithelium, and glands at the UVJ contained more sperm than those at the TIJ. Oviductal sperm storage was observed not only in recently mated females but in all females possessing uterine eggs as well as all females known to be associated with a nest. We conclude that female alligators are capable of storing sperm in their oviductal glands, but not from one year to the next. -
The Freshwater Ichthyofauna of Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea!
Pacific Science (1999), vol. 53, no. 4: 346-356 © 1999 by University of Hawai'i Press. All rights reserved The Freshwater Ichthyofauna of Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea! J. H. POWELL AND R. E. POWELL2 ABSTRACT: Tailings disposal from the Bougainville Copper Limited open-cut porphyry copper mine on Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea (1972-1989) impacted the ichthyofauna of the Jaba River, one of the largest rivers on the island. To assess the 'extent of this impact, comparative freshwater ichthyologi cal surveys were conducted in five rivers on the island during the period 1975 1988. Fifty-eight fish species were recorded, including one introduction, Oreo chromis mossambicus. The icthyofauna is dominated by euryhaline marine spe cies consistent with that of the Australian region, but more depauperate. There are more than 100 species present on mainland New Guinea that are absent from Bougainville streams. Oreochromis mossambicus was the most abundant species in the sampled streams, accounting for 45% of the catch. The most abundant native fishes were the mainly small Gobiidae and Eleotridae. There were few native fish of potential value as food and these were restricted to an eleotrid gudgeon (Ophieleotris aporos), tarpon (Megalops cyprinoides), eel (An guilla marmorata), and snappers (Lutjanus argentimaculatus and Lutjanus fus cescens). Fish production in the rivers is limited by the morphology of the streams and the depauperate ichthyofauna. Fish yield from the Jaba River in its premining state is estimated to have ranged from 7 to 12 t/yr. The popula tion living in the Jaba ,catchment in 1988 (approximately 4,600 persons) shared this resource, resulting in an extremely low per-capita fish consumption rate of less than 3 kg/yr. -
To Live in Scenery of This Scale Is Unim Aginable
T o L iv e Your private Paradise in Mount Burrell — Tweed Valley Sc NSW Australia ene ry o f this Sca le is Un im a g in a b l PARADISE For Sale e www.paradiseforsale.com.au Rural Acreage — Eco Lifestyle In the picturesque Tweed Valley Northern NSW - Australia Within easy distance of Gold Coast and Byron Bay Only minutes to local stores Breathtaking 360° Views over 6 National Parks Ultimate Privacy Creeks & Permanent Springs Rainforest & Mature Gardens 3 Quality Buildings (Eco) Tourism potential To Live in Scenery of this Scale ... is Un-imaginable Two houses surrounded by beautiful gardens are nestled on the slopes of Australia's Green Cauldron ; a unique and very private paradise called TriAngles ... Lifestyle: A hilltop sanctuary where the silence can be heard — with sweeping 360-degree Panoramas over the entire Caldera of the upper Tweed Valley. The homestead of TriAngles occupies the most prominent position near spectacular Sphinx Rock, which virtually sits in the backyard. Offering ultimate Privacy and seclusion, yet only minutes from local shops and 30 minutes to Murwillumbah CBD — this prime Mt. Burrell property also is 'first user' of pristine Spring Water straight from the Nightcap National Park plateau. Accommodation: The homestead consists of 3 charming, quality buildings, all recently renovated to a high standard, with waxed wooden floors and many sustainable features. Situated on a private hill-crest at the Heart of the property — and surrounded by easy to maintain, mature Native and tropical gardens — this is an enjoyable tranquil eden amidst gentle wildlife, birdsongs, magnificent mountain backdrops and views, all to be enjoyed from the comforts of the large veranda. -
Speed Camera Locations
April 2014 Current Speed Camera Locations Fixed Speed Camera Locations Suburb/Town Road Comment Alstonville Bruxner Highway, between Gap Road and Teven Road Major road works undertaken at site Camera Removed (Alstonville Bypass) Angledale Princes Highway, between Hergenhans Lane and Stony Creek Road safety works proposed. See Camera Removed RMS website for details. Auburn Parramatta Road, between Harbord Street and Duck Street Banora Point Pacific Highway, between Laura Street and Darlington Drive Major road works undertaken at site Camera Removed (Pacific Highway Upgrade) Bar Point F3 Freeway, between Jolls Bridge and Mt White Exit Ramp Bardwell Park / Arncliffe M5 Tunnel, between Bexley Road and Marsh Street Ben Lomond New England Highway, between Ross Road and Ben Lomond Road Berkshire Park Richmond Road, between Llandilo Road and Sanctuary Drive Berry Princes Highway, between Kangaroo Valley Road and Victoria Street Bexley North Bexley Road, between Kingsland Road North and Miller Avenue Blandford New England Highway, between Hayles Street and Mills Street Bomaderry Bolong Road, between Beinda Street and Coomea Street Bonnyrigg Elizabeth Drive, between Brown Road and Humphries Road Bonville Pacific Highway, between Bonville Creek and Bonville Station Road Brogo Princes Highway, between Pioneer Close and Brogo River Broughton Princes Highway, between Austral Park Road and Gembrook Road safety works proposed. See Auditor-General Deactivated Lane RMS website for details. Bulli Princes Highway, between Grevillea Park Road and Black Diamond Place Bundagen Pacific Highway, between Pine Creek and Perrys Road Major road works undertaken at site Camera Removed (Pacific Highway Upgrade) Burringbar Tweed Valley Way, between Blakeneys Road and Cooradilla Road Burwood Hume Highway, between Willee Street and Emu Street Road safety works proposed. -
Like Globin Genes in Monotremes and Therian Mammals
Genomic evidence for independent origins of -like globin genes in monotremes and therian mammals Juan C. Opazo*, Federico G. Hoffmann, and Jay F. Storz† School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588 Edited by Morris Goodman, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, and approved December 13, 2007 (received for review November 5, 2007) Phylogenetic reconstructions of the -globin gene family in ver- embryonic -globin gene is exclusively expressed in primitive tebrates have revealed that developmentally regulated systems of erythroid cells derived from the yolk sac. However, the ‘‘- hemoglobin synthesis have been reinvented multiple times in globin’’ gene in birds is not orthologous to the -globin gene in independent lineages. For example, the functional differentiation mammals (2, 12), because they are independently derived from of embryonic and adult -like globin genes occurred independently lineage-specific duplications of a proto -globin gene. in birds and mammals. In both taxa, the embryonic -globin gene In placental mammals (subclass Eutheria), the -globin gene is exclusively expressed in primitive erythroid cells derived from cluster includes a linked set of three early expressed (prenatal) the yolk sac. However, the ‘‘-globin’’ gene in birds is not ortholo- genes, -␥-,atthe5Ј end of the cluster, and a pair of late gous to the -globin gene in mammals, because they are indepen- expressed (adult) genes, ␦ and ,atthe3Ј end. There is extensive dently derived from lineage-specific duplications of a proto variation in the copy number of these different paralogs among -globin gene. Here, we report evidence that the early and late species, and in a number of placental mammal lineages, the - expressed -like globin genes in monotremes and therian mam- and ␦-globin genes have been inactivated or deleted (13–15). -
Journal of J. G. Macdonald on an Expedition from Port Denison to The
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The Oldest Platypus and Its Bearing on Divergence Timing of the Platypus and Echidna Clades
The oldest platypus and its bearing on divergence timing of the platypus and echidna clades Timothy Rowe*†, Thomas H. Rich‡§, Patricia Vickers-Rich§, Mark Springer¶, and Michael O. Woodburneʈ *Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas, C1100, Austin, TX 78712; ‡Museum Victoria, PO Box 666, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia; §School of Geosciences, PO Box 28E, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia; ¶Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521; and ʈDepartment of Geology, Museum of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 Edited by David B. Wake, University of California, Berkeley, CA, and approved October 31, 2007 (received for review July 7, 2007) Monotremes have left a poor fossil record, and paleontology has broadly affect our understanding of early mammalian history, been virtually mute during two decades of discussion about with special implications for molecular clock estimates of basal molecular clock estimates of the timing of divergence between the divergence times. platypus and echidna clades. We describe evidence from high- Monotremata today comprises five species that form two resolution x-ray computed tomography indicating that Teinolo- distinct clades (16). The echidna clade includes one short-beaked phos, an Early Cretaceous fossil from Australia’s Flat Rocks locality species (Tachyglossus aculeatus; Australia and surrounding is- (121–112.5 Ma), lies within the crown clade Monotremata, as a lands) and three long-beaked species (Zaglossus bruijni, Z. basal platypus. Strict molecular clock estimates of the divergence bartoni, and Z. attenboroughi, all from New Guinea). The between platypus and echidnas range from 17 to 80 Ma, but platypus clade includes only Ornithorhynchus anatinus (Austra- Teinolophos suggests that the two monotreme clades were al- lia, Tasmania).