illllllllllllllllllllllllltllMllilllllllllllllHlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllMIIIIIIIIIIIIIinilllilllltlllllMIIIIMIIIIIlllllllllllllllllltllllllllllllllllllllllllllllUIIIIIIIMIIIIIMIIIIIIIIItlllllllllllllllllllllllllll|||||(NlllllllMIIIIHIUI(llllllllll(IHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIH|lllllllll THE MILITANT The Facts About Cyprus Published in the Interests of the Working People — See article page 6 —

Vol. 28 - No. 9 Monday, March 2, 1964 Price 10c

aiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiu Racist Bombings, Beatings Hit Maryland, Mississippi Alleged Victims Tell Story A new series of violent acts by eral 'Kennedy protesting the beat­ white supremacists is hitting ings, Robert Moses, head of Mis­ Southern Negroes in reprisal for sissippi voter registration for the In Monroe "Kidnap" Trial integration activities. In Princess Student Nonviolent Coordinating Anne, Md., a terrorist’s bomb ex­ Committee, said Curtis’ beating Special to The Militant ploded in the front yard of a was the fourth in the past ten Negro family’s home just off the days. Another Negro was shot and MONROE, N.C., Feb. 26 — This main street late on Feb. 24. Early killed in Tallatchie County by is the third day of the presenta­ in the evening a flaming cross was policemen on Feb. 13. Still another tion of the prosecution’s case sighted in a field near the Mary­ was forced to strip and was soaked against Mrs. Mae Mallory, John land State campus, apparently ig­ in oil before being beaten in near­ Lowry, Richard Crowder and nited by opponents of rights dem­ by Amite County. Harold Reape in the so-called onstrations staged at the college As if these events were not “ kidnap” case. on that day. enough to shock the American On the morning of Feb. 24 the The bomb blast broke the sun people’s sensibilities, the white state opened the, case by putting porch windows in the Gates fam­ power structure has handed down Mrs. G. Bruce Stegall and her ily’s home. Leon Gates is the uncle a number of legal decisions that husband, the allegedly kidnapped of John Wilson, college junior who further assault the rights and lib­ couple, on the stand. Under Pro­ has been leading the demonstra­ erties of Negroes and freedom secutor Boyette’s questioning they tions. “I saw a black car passing fighters in general. Dion Tyrone gave the following story: at the time and saw a red flicker,” Diamond, a worker for the Student They had left their house in Mrs. Gates said. “Then this tre­ Nonviolent Coordinating Commit­ nearby Marshfield around five mendous explosion came. There tee, who reportedly urged Negro p.m. August 27, 1961 to visit Mrs. was a terrific impact. I didn’t students at a Louisiana college to Stegall’s mother. They drove into know what to think.” boycott classes in a protest move­ Monroe and stopped near the In Natchez, Mississippi, an eld­ ment, lost his case in the U.S. courthouse square where Mr. Ste­ erly Negro man who was stripped Supreme Court Feb. 24. gall got out and talked to a taxi and beaten by hooded members of The Court had agreed to review driver, who told him, “They just the Ku Klux Klan late Feb. 15, his conviction for “disturbing the had a war here.” has received further threats on peace,” but then decided that its Mr. ' Stegall went back to the his life. Archie Curtis, 60, a Negro w rit of review was “improvident- car and he and his wife decided undertaker, said he was lured to ly granted.” One Washington cor­ to get out of town quickly. They a deserted section of the city by respondent saw the high court ac­ drove down Winchester Ave. an unidentified caller who told tion as “a warning to racial dem­ w hich goes through New Town, him a woman was dying of a heart onstrators in the South that there the principal Negro neighborhood attack. was a lim it to what they could do in Monroe. When they sighted a DEFENDANTS. John Lowry (left), Harold Reape (center), and Curtis was given directions to within the shelter of the Consti­ crowd of Negroes ahead in the Richard Crowder. a deserted road and was told a tution.” middle of the avenue, Mrs. Stegall man “with a lantern” would guide Students at Southern Univer­ said to her husband, “Let’s turn and a white boy whom she now him to the stricken woman’s home. sity in East Baton Rouge, Loui­ around and get out of here.” tify and at the opening of the identifies as John Lowry, a Free­ When the undertaker arrived at siana, had been holding meetings They then turned into Boyte St. questioning told the prosecutor, the road, he and his companion and conducting anti-segregation in order, they claim, to back out dom Rider from New York, got in “ My testimony is the same as hers. behind the wheel. And you all can just take hers.” were ordered at pistol point to demonstrations for some weeks and turn around. However, their She and her husband were first leave their car. Blindfolded, they when Diamond arrived there in car was immediately surrounded However, this wasn’t acceptable were taken to Duck Pond Road January of 1962. When the univer­ by not less than 200 people, many taken to the front yard of 410 and he had to tell the story again Boyte St., home of Robert F. W il­ in his own words. where they were asked to show sity penalized some students for of them carrying rifles. liams, former NAACP president It is still unclear why the Ste­ their NAACP membership cards their activities, Diamond encour­ According to Mrs. Stegall, and NAACP membership lists. aged students to boycott classes members of the crowd opened the here, who is now a political ref­ galls were on Boyte St. on the day ugee in Cuba. After a conversa­ They had neither. The Klan mem­ to protest the penalties. car door and told her husband to of the rioting. The most direct bers told Curtis he was “ a NAACP At one point, he is alleged to get out, some taking him by the tion in the yard with Williams, route to visit Mrs. Stegall’s mother nigger.” have said to an audience, “let’s arm. They conducted him further who said that he could not con­ would not even have taken them Both Negroes were forced to go through the classrooms,” to up Boyte St. She then testified trol the crowd, they followed him into downtown Monroe. Moreover, strip and were beaten with a lead the students out. This was that Mrs. Mae Mallory ordered into his house. they claim that they saw practi­ strap. claimed to be encouraging unruly her to get out. There, they say, Williams called cally no one in the courthouse In a telegram to Attorney Gen- (Continued on Page 5) She got out of the car, she says, police chief A. A. Mauney and square, though the mob action then put Mr. Stegall on the phone. there had taken place only a short He says he told the Monroe police time before. A NOTABLE CIVIL LIBERTIES VICTORY official, “They got me and my In like fashion, though they wife out here and they seem to parked near and drove past the think we can help get their peo­ police station, they noted no crowd ple out of jail.” out in front. Worthy's Conviction Upset The reference was to the large Again, if they wished to get number of Negroes and Freedom out of town quickly, as they say By M. L. Stafford appeals court in New Orleans threw amount of support from civil lib­ Riders arrested in the courthouse they did when they heard about square following police-encouraged the rioting, it is a mystery why W illia m W orthy, w e ll - known out his conviction for going to erties quarters. His case was they took the Winchester Ave. correspondent for the Baltimore Cuba and returning without a handled by the Workers Defense rioting against their picket line. route, which is not the most direct Afro-American, scored a notable passport. The appeals court de­ League, with Roland Watts former The Stegalls said that they were victory for freedom of travel Feb. clared unconstitutional the fed­ legal director of the American stood up back to back and their (Continued on Page 2) 20 when a three-judge federal eral law which prohibits a citizen Civil Liberties Union, as counsel. hands bound together. Then they from leaving or entering the coun­ He was represented on appeal by were taken out the back door to try without a valid passport. the noted lawyer William Kunst- the next house which apparently was empty and without electricity. Worthy was convicted of this ler, now in Monroe, N.C., repre­ Their hands on one side were charge in August 1962 and was senting John Lowry. untied and chairs were brought sentenced to three months in jail The American Civil Liberties fo r them. plus nine months on probation. Union filed a “friend of the court” brief in Worthy’s appeal. The Mrs. Mallory they say, sat in His conviction was based on the a corner facing them, holding a widely read Scripps Howard col­ fact that he had gone to Cuba in rifle and a flashlight. Mrs. Stegall umnist Richard Starnes wrote sev­ July 1961 and returned in October identified Richard Crowder, pres­ eral columns assailing the prosecu­ of that year without a passport. ident of the Monroe Nonviolent tion of Worthy and the danger to Worthy was without a passport as Action Committee, as one of those civil liberties it represented. a result of his earlier defiance of who helped tie them up and guard State Department efforts to curb The government has not yet the back door. the right to travel. In 1955 he disclosed whether or not it will Harold Reape was identified challenged the ban on travel to appeal the Worthy decision to the only as being present in the crowd. China and Hungary by visiting Supreme Court. Meanwhile, in a After about two and a half these countries. When he sought statement on the appeals court hours the Stegalls were released to renew" his passport in 1957 he ruling, the Negro journalist said: and given back their car keys. refused to sign a commitment “The rest of the world will be Their car was parked in front of agreeing to abide by the restric­ greatly heartened if President Williams’ house. They got in it tions on travel to Soviet-bloc Johnson gracefully drops this ab­ and drove away. They testified countries and was denied a new surd and unprecedented criminal they had not been struck or in­ passport. He did not succeed in prosecution. He, Mr. Rusk and jured physically in any way. court efforts to win reversal of Attorney General Kennedy should There were important contra­ this ruling. proclaim that the American peo­ dictions in the testimony of the In fighting his present convic- ple, including newsmen, are free husband and the wife. Indeed, Mr. William Worthy tion, Worthy won an encouraging (Continued on Page 4) Stegall appeared reluctant to tes- Mae Mallory Page Two THE MILITANT Monday, M arch 2, 1964 N.Y. Meet on Oswald Case ... Monroe "Kidnap" Trial Report (Continued from Page 1) here, the Monroe Enquirer, and Held Despite Move to Bar It to their claimed destination and an article from the Charlotte which leads through the Negro News. Charlotte is 25 miles away By Jay Garnett district. and its daily papers are widely NEW YORK — A number of Moreover, all previous accounts read here. significant observations on the including interviews given by The Monroe Enquirer of Feb. November events in Dallas and them to the newspapers had them 20 ran as its main story an ac­ their aftermath were made by driving up Boyte St. and being count of the partial selection of speakers at a Town Hall meeting stopped midway on it. But in court the jury, listing therein the names here Feb. 18. An overflow crowd they claimed they had entered it of the eleven jurors already of 1500 listened to attorney Mark only about a car’s length in order chosen. Another article on the Lane, Mrs. Marguerite Oswald — to back out and turn around. front-page was headlined: “News­ mother of the accused assassin of Mrs. Stegall denied that she or paper Says Reds ‘Adopt’ Monroe the president — and Prof. Staugh- her husband have any Ku Klux Case — Says [C om m unist] P arty ton Lynd, author with Jack Min- Klan connections. Indeed, she Leaders Are In City To Direct n i s o f the New Republic article said, she “had always loved the Use.” “ Seeds of D oubt,” participated in colored people.” She stated, how­ A similar article in the Feb. 19 a panel sponsored by the National ever, that she had disapproved of Charlotte News was headlined Guardian. the picketing that had been con­ “Communists in Monroe as Kid­ James Aronson, editor of the ducted the previous week in the nap Trial Opens.” It made the G uardian revealed that New York courthouse square by Negroes and same allegations (both were taken University, owner of Town Hall, Freedom Riders protesting Jim from an article in the Winston- had tried to cancel the meeting on Crow conditions in Monroe. Salem Twin City Sentinel) the claim they had just discovered Following the Stegalls, the pro­ coupled with the announcement Mrs. Oswald was to speak. Only secution put on a number of police Robert F. Williams that Harry Boyte, employed by through the persistence of the officials. These were the men who the Southern Christian Leadership G uardian, the intervention of the had conducted the grilling of Conference as Special Assistant to American Civil Liberties Union, M a rk Lane Lowry, Crowder and Reape imme­ torney for defendant John Lowry, Rev. Martin Luther King, had just and the support of Guardian diately after their arrests. They complained to the court that he arrived in Monroe. Boyte, who is friends who raised $25,000 to put testified from memory and from and his associate counsel, Richard mentioned this to reporters a num­ white, is a former resident of the in an escrow account to “guaran­ transcriptions of notes which they Scupi, and three other people had ber of times, “they made fun of area. He was driven out by racist tee the safety” of the building, was claimed they took during the been refused service at the main me so much, I finally shut up.” harassment and economic pressure the meeting finally given a last- questioning of the defendants. restaurant in the courthouse When asked his opinion as to because of his pro-integration sen­ m inute go-ahead. None of these notes were signed square. It so happens that the Oswald’s guilt, Lane asserted “In timents. He had come to Monroe NYU officials openly admitted by nor initialled by the de­ group, which included defendant all probability Lee Harvey Oswald to testify as defense witness. that their reluctance was based on was in no way connected with the fendants. They did not purport Lowry and his wife, were all decisions made “following con­ assassination.” He also reported to be direct quotations from the white. Thus, Judge Brock could Denied Motion ferences with representatives of that citizens’ committees of inquiry defendants but were the alleged not brush off the complaint as Judge Walter E. Brock, special­ other interests.” have been set up across the coun­ paraphrasing and summation by one against Jim Crow “local cus­ ly chosen to preside over this trial, Staughton Lynd asserted, “The try on campuses and in cities the police of what the three young tom” with which the court would denied the motion after question­ FBI is obviously an interested where he has spoken. men defendants said in the ques­ not interfere. , ing and admonishment of jurors party.” He noted that Mrs. Payne, Mrs. Oswald rem arked that she tioning sessions tw o and a h alf Reference to such “custom” was to ignore newspaper stories. He w ith whom Lee and M arina Os­ accepted the fact that her son, as years ago. in essence, his reply to the next also lectured the newsmen present wald lived in Dallas, had said that also President Kennedy, is gone, According to this testimony, complaint which was made by in the courtroom about writing the FBI visited her home and “but the way he is gone I will all of the three young men im­ Walter S. Haffner, attorney for articles which might prejudice knew that Oswald worked at the never accept.” She vowed she plicated themselves and each Mrs. Mae Mallory, Richard jurors. Texas Book Depository ware­ would continue to fight for a full other and Mrs. Mallory in the in­ Crowder and Harold Reape. He Defense counsel took exception house. For the Warren Commis­ hearing. Although she fe lt her son cident which the state charges told the judge that he had been sion to accept the FBI’s version of to Judge Brock’s denial of their had been lynched because of his was a kidnapping. evicted from the motel at which motion. They thus have reserved the assassination without question, alleged Communist leanings, she Defense attorneys objected to he was staying because his Negro he said, was dereliction of duty. the right to appeal on this issue defended her belief that he might the introduction of this testimony clients had visited him there for after the trial is over. He added, it is not possible to rule also have been a CIA agent and on the grounds that the defendants legal consultation. out conspiracy. Selection of a twelfth juror and said she would document this in had not been forewarned that Since recesses fo r lunch are Lane said he has learned in the one alternate from an all-white the book she is writing. anything they said would be used only an hour and a half, diffi­ course of his study o f the case that panel of ten was then resumed. Lynd offered an apt quotation against them and had not been culty in finding a place to eat “ The presumption of innocence has The preceding jury panel of 75 from American history: “And all allowed benefit of counsel. can be a serious inconvenience to become a cliche! When the mass had contained six Negroes. One the high beings that are set upon With the jury out of the room, an attorney and his clients during media of this nation sink their had been excused for cause by the the seats of power shall not stop attorney Kunstler put defendant a trial. Similarly, since hotels and fangs into a case, the presum ption judge. The five others were all the people’s mouths.” John Lowry on the stand to tes­ motels are few, and non-inte- of guilt becomes almost insur­ gotten rid of by Prosecutor M. G. tify to the conditions under which grated in this city, obtaining liv­ mountable.” Boyette by peremptory challenges, the questioning had taken place. ing quarters where Negro clients, He played a tape from a Dallas FEB. 24 — Marina Oswald, that is he dismissed them without widow of the alleged assassin of A deputy sheriff and two State witnesses, etc., can visit is a real resident who said she had heard Bureau investigation agents quiz­ giving any reasons for so doing. President Kennedy, has dismissed problem for an out-of-town at­ four to six shots rather than the zed Lowry for nine hours in the It was obvious that he wanted a the lawyer and the business ad­ torney. three as in the official story. She finger print room of the police lily-white jury for the trial of the viser who had represented her An increasing number of local four defendants, three of whom are said she also had seen a man run­ station. Lowry says he was not since her husband’s death. She characters are to be seen stand­ Negroes and the fourth, a white ning from a knoll near the overpass told that what he said would be has engaged as her new attorney ing around the courthouse cor­ Freedom Rider. which crossed the Kennedy route used against him. Indeed, he re­ William McKenzie, a Dallas law­ ridors, eyeing the defendants and and in the direction from which, called, one of the agents, who The jury thus consists of six Lane said it is certain, at least one yer who accompanied her brother- those associated with them in a white men and six white women. in-law Robert Oswald when he played a fatherly role during the deliberately hostile fashion. While o f the fa ta l shots came. W hen she questioning, assured him that The alternate juror is a white testified before the Warren Com­ spectators in the courtroom are man. everything was all right and he mission. mostly Negroes, there is a steady didn’t have to worry. Neither John Thome, her form­ and apparently: growing attend­ er attorney, nor James Martin, her Demanded Lawyer ance of white-supremacists. Some Pappenheim Will Speak Weekly Calendar former business agent — both He repeatedly asked for the people who claim to know who’s originally obtained by the Secret right to see an attorney. Knowing who in town are referring to one In N.Y. on Alienation Service — made any comment. the names of no attorneys in part of the courtroom as Ku Klux DETROIT Mrs. Oswald was placed in “ pro­ Monroe he asked to be put in K orner. NEW YORK — Dr. Fritz Pap- Algeria — Africa's Cuba? Speaker, tective custody” by the Secret touch with Wyatt T. Walker, penheim, author of the widely Barry Sheppard, national chairman Service immediately after her Southern Christian Leadership published book, The Alienation of Young Socialist Alliance. Fri., March 6, husband’s death. For some time Conference official then in MONROE, N.C. Feb. 21 — De­ Modern Man, will speak on 8 p.m. Debs Hall, 3737 W oodward. Ausp. she was living with Martin and Monroe, whom he knew to be fense lawyers in the so-called kid­ “Alienation and Society” on Fri­ Friday Night Socialist Forum. nap case being trie d here ve­ « * » his family. Until her recent trip in the sheriff’s office and who day night, March 6, at the M ilitant to Washington where she testified could get him in touch with a hemently protested a campaign by Labor Forum, 116 University HEAR SOCIALIST VIEWS ON RADIO. local newspapers to prejudice the Every Friday evening, 7:15-7:30 p.m. on to the Warren Commission, she lawyer. Walker never received a Place. jury against the defendants by WQRS-FM (105.1). has been kept in strict seclusion message fro m him . Prof. Pappenheim, economist, • by her advisers. Mrs. Paine, with The judge overruled all defense spreading false rumors about an sociologist and philosopher, began LOS ANGELES whom she had been living at the objections to the admission of the invasion of Monroe by the Com­ his educational career in pre-Nazi IN DEFENSE O F C IV IL LIBERTIES. time of her husband’s death, has police evidence. He did rule, how­ munist Party’s top officials and by Germany where he was co-director Speakers: Tom Morgan, defendant in smearing the defense as Com­ not been permitted to see her dur­ ever, that what any defendant of Frankfurt’s Adult Education Indiana "Subversion" Case: Wendell munist “adopted.” Phillips; Steve Zack of Youth Action ing the last three months. had stated another had said would Center. He frequently lectured on Union, Fri., March 6, 8:30 p.m. 1702 East Mrs. Paine, who speaks fluent be hearsay and therefore inadmis­ Because of this prejudicial press the radio there and gave courses 4th St. Ausp. M ilitant Labor Forum. Russian, has indicated uneasiness sible. campaign W illiam M. Kunstler and sponsored by the unions. When * * * at Marina’s long isolation from all However, the ju ry hears* these Richard J. Scupi, counsel for de­ Hitler came to power he was Theodore Edwards of the Socialist the people she knew prior to things said. A defense lawyer then fendant John Lowry, this morning forced to flee the country and Workers Party presents a Marxist view Nov. 22. objects and the judge declares asked for a continuance of the went to Spain. After the defeat of of the news in his bi-weekly radio com­ In January, after repeated at­ “What you have just heard is trial to a later date, selection of the Spanish revolution he was mentary. Fri., March 6, 6:45 p.m. admissible only as it applies to a new jury from people living KPFK-FM, 90.7 on your dial. tempts to meet with her had forced to flee again, this time to • proved unsuccessful, the Dallas defendant X. It is inadmissible as elsewhere than in Union or adja­ France where he was interned in ■v/v > MINNEAPOLIS Civil Liberties Union wrote Ma­ applying to the three other de­ cent counties influenced by the a concentration camp. Reconstruction in Negro History — rina in Russian to ask if she was fendants. So you w ill disregard it offending newspapers or for a He was able to come to this Falsifications in Textbooks. Speaker, being held against her will. Still concerning them.” This is a legal change of venue (transfer of the country in 1941 and his career George Tselos. Fri., March 6, 8:30 p.m. in Secret Service custody, she fiction, however, and no jury can trial) to a suitably distant county. since then has included social 704 Hennepin Ave., Hall 240. Ausp. Fri­ w rote back th a t she was as happy disregard it. While the damaging Walter S. Haffner, counsel for work, teaching, writing and lec­ day Night Socialist Forum. as she could be “ under the circum ­ testimony may not go on the Mrs. Mae Mallory, Richard Crow­ turing. His works are published • der and Harold Reape, told the N E W YORK ' stances.” record for defendants X, Y and Z, widely abroad. In Japan, The FRITZ PAPPENHEIM, author of Alien­ None of the testimony made it goes into the ju ro rs’ minds. court that he wished to associate Alienation of Modem Man has ation of Modern Man, speaks on Alien­ Feb. 20 to the Warren Commission his clients with the written motion gone through eight editions. ation and Society. Fri., March 6, 8:30 by Robert Oswald, Lee’s brother, MONROE, N. C., Feb. 25 — A n by Kunstler and Scupi except for Dr. Pappenheim’s lecture at the p.m. 116 University Place. Contrib. $1. has been released. Oswald report­ ugly racist mood is developing in that clause in it asking a change of Militant Labor Forum had orig­ Ausp. M ilitant Labor Forum. this small city as the so-called venue. * • * edly turned over some 20 letters inally been scheduled for last sent to him by Lee from the Soviet “ kidnap” tria l goes’ into its second Newspaper articles accompany­ Nov. 22, the day of President M A R C H 13 — Key Issues in the ’64 week. Election. Speaker, Edward Shaw, Socialist Union to the Commission’s “back­ ing the motion as exhibits included Kennedy’s assassination, and was Workers candidate for vice president. ground” panel. Today William M. Kunstler, at­ stories from the main newspaper postponed for that reason. Monday, March 2, 1964 THE MILITANT Pagé Threé

INTERVIEW WITH BLOOMINGTON DEFENDANT ‘Students of the Sixties Won’t Be Silenced’ By George Saunders Yes, Prosecutor Hoadley recent­ ly has replied to the judge’s [Ralph Levitt, one of three In­ ruling that he submit a Bill of diana University students indicted Particulars, telling specifically under that state’s McCarthyite sedition law, stopped in our office what we are charged with, since while passing through New York the indictments only refer to on his current speaking tour. We meetings on March 25 and May 2. This reply of Hoadley’s is signif­ asked him about the progress of icant for a number of reasons, and his tour and that of his fellow de­ fendant, Tom Morgan.] CABS is preparing a fact sheet to explain these points in detail. What kind of response have you been getting on your tour? I should point out, though, that I find that everywhere our case in this legal document, Hoad­ is presented we meet with the ley completely failed to mention most enthusiastic response from the March 25 meeting. He declared students and faculty members. that “the indictment is not based There is a general recognition of exclusively upon any one ‘meeting’ the crucial importance of the case, or ‘gathering’ or ‘speech’.” of its relation to freedom of speech The fact that we were indicted on campuses far from Blooming­ for attending a meeting last ton, Indiana, and in American so­ March 25, when a Negro YSA of­ ciety as a whole. ficer spoke on civil rights, is per­ Where have you spoken most Ralph Levitt haps the best-publicized aspect of recently? our case. CABS has w idely cir­ culated the text of that talk and My last two stops were in the who heard Tom Morgan on his thousands have seen for them­ Denver (Colo.) area and Pennsyl­ tour. These expressed concern for selves that there was no call for vania State University in State the protection of our civil liber­ “violent overthrow” in it. College, Pa. In the Denver area I ties. The Herald-Telephone also I t seems that now Hoadley had the opportunity to speak be­ reprinted on its front page an ar­ fore three very receptive audi­ ticle strongly supporting CABS would like to forget that he ever indicted us on that count. Credit ences at* Colorado U niversity in and attacking the witch hunt in for his embarrassment goes to the Boulder, Denver University and Indiana. This article appeared as excellent publicity work of CABS the Militant Labor Forum in Den­ a result of Morgan’s talk at the SOJOURNER TRUTH (1797-1883). Commemorating Negro His­ supporters. ver. University of Wisconsin in Madi­ tory Week, we are offering a free 8x10 print of this picture with Let me close with this one point: son. It was written by Miles Mc- each one-ycar subscription (new or renewal) to The M ilitant. O r Several prominent Denver citi­ I have one particularly strong im­ millin, regular columnist for the if you prefer, you may select a print of Harriet Tubman, Fred­ zens added their names to the pression from my speaking tour — Madison Capital Times, a na­ erick Douglass or Nat Turner. A combination sub to The M ilitant growing number of sponsors of that is that American students of tionally-known liberal daily. I’m the Committee to Aid the Bloom­ the ’60s w ill not be silenced as and International Socialist Review brings all four. sure it impressed Bloomingtonians. ington Students, including Colo­ was the preceding generation. The rado state senator Robert Allen Morgan himself recently spoke McCarthyite tactics of the Hoad- By Constance Weissman and Rev. Arthur Miller, president at Indiana University (Feb. 17) leys everywhere are being met by Sojourner Truth was born a slave in New York State. Her owner of the Denver Church Council, before nearly 150 students, many stubborn opposition. was a Dutch farmer who sold her on the auction block when she who recently received the Distin­ of whom got their first accurate I have great confidence in the was nine years old. Her father had been kidnapped from the Gold guished Alumnus award from In­ picture of the facts and issues in successful outcome of our case. Coast of Africa. Her mother had 12 children, all but two of whom diana University. the case. Morgan has been speak­ Today’s students see the necessity were torn from her and sold. Among Denver area professors ing at Ohio colleges also: Western of keeping open the discussion of When Sojourner Truth became a famous inspirational speaker in who became sponsors is Prof. Reserve, Kent State and Ohio all questions that confront them, the Abolitionist cause, she told heart breaking stories of the brutality Philip Perdew, father of one of State universities and Oberlin and including socialism. They intend of the breaking up of the families of slaves. When she was finally the civil rights activists indicted A ntioch colleges. to take part in that discussion. freed (she actually took off with an infant in her arms and was pro­ last year in Americus, Georgia, I understand there has recently And they realize that victory in tected by a Quaker family) she put up a remarkable legal battle under a state sedition act which been an important legal develop­ Bloomington w ill be a guarantee for one of her own children. Her five-year-old son had been illegally was ruled unconstitutional. ment in the case? for their future. seized and sold to a slaveholder in Alabama. She literally battered How were you received at at the door of the court house and gave the authorities no rest. Work­ Pennsylvania State? ing as a domestic, she raised the money to pay the legal expenses. Over 300 students attended the To the amazement of all, her child was returned, covered with terrible meeting which was sponsored by "Red" Hunt at U of Minnesota scars from beatings given to him to make him afraid to go to his the Friends Peace Committee and m other. SENSE, a student peace group. Victory in this hard legal battle gave Sojourner a feeling of her The very warm applause and sym­ Fought by Students, Faculty own strength. “Why,” she exclaimed, “I felt so tall within — I felt as pathetic questions showed that A campaign by Twin Cities Thus far, the state legislature i f the power of a nation was with me.” Penn State students see their own right-wingers to initiate a red- has not yielded to demands by A very religious person, Sojourner soon became well known among rights at stake in this fight. hunting probe of the University of Rosen and the Legion, for a probe church groups in New York City for her eloquent, heartening words. Also at Penn State, Prof. R. Minnesota's faculty — under the of the campus. She was nearly 50 when she decided to leave the city where “the rich Wallace Brewster invited me to guise of an inquiry into faculty D r. A rn o ld M. Rose, a sociologist rob the poor and the poor rob the poor,” and go out through the speak before his class on consti­ hiring and dismissal procedures — and a state legislator, filed suit country preaching the gospel of freedom. It was then that she took tutional law. After going over the is being met by organized resist­ fo r $10,000 in damages against the name Sojourner Truth. constitutional issues in our case, ance from the faculty and the stu­ Gerda Koch, head of a local group She became well-known at anti-slavery meetings and her words the conclusion of the 40 students dents. called Christian Research. This were much quoted. Once she saved a women’s rights convention about present was clear: the Indiana law to be broken up by male hecklers by taking the platform. She denied A faculty committee has been group had distributed a circular in should be stricken from the books that women were weak, helpless creatures. “Look at me! Look at my formed to gather financial and 1962 attacking Rose. N oting th a t and the indictments thrown out as arm! I have plowed, and planted, and gathered into barns, and no man moral support for a professor he had assisted Gunnar Myrdal in n o t valid. could head me — and aren’t I a woman? I could work as much as a who has filed suit against a man writing his book, The American How are the speaking tours by man . . . and bear the lash as well — and aren’t I a woman?” She and a woman who, he charges, D ilem m a, the circular allegedly you and Tom Morgan and the was loudly cheered by the audience. The chairman, Frances Gage, said accused him of being a Commu­ used Senator James O. Eastland’s work of CABS chapters affecting gratefully, “She had taken us up in her strong arms and carried us nist or Communist sympathizer. statement to the effect that many the case? safely over the slough of difficulty.” And, a Feb. 8 UPI dispatch re­ of Myrdal’s associates were “ Com­ They are having a very positive Traveling around Ohio and Michigan, she became famous for her ports from Minneapolis, some 500 munist front” members. effect, not only by bringing the The second defendant is Adolph skill in debate with defenders of slavery. She continued her mission issues’ in the case to the public students' are scheduled to serve as throughout the Civil War, often threatened by pro-slavery mobs. In a “truth squad” and defend the Grinde, who was reported to have and raising funds, but also by used a copy of the circular in 1864 she visited Lincoln in the White House and he told her he had influencing opinion in Blooming­ school in hometown speeches over been hearing of her for many years. the Easter vacation against at­ November to try to halt a public ton itself, where the case has re­ lecture by Dr. Rosen. Soujourner Truth died in Battle Creek, Michigan at the age of 86. ceived limited and biased cover­ tacks by “reckless and irrespon­ Over a thousand people attended her funeral. sible accusers.” age. FEB. 23 — A probe of the Uni­ Recently the Bloomington D aily These are the latest develop­ versity of Minnesota by the State Herald-Telephone has printed let­ ments in a months-long attempt Legislature is now definitely THE MILITANT ters from persons in Minnesota by the local Neanderthal com­ scheduled. munity to get a foothold from j 116 University Place which to force the campus into a University officials “hope” that submissive quiet. It began last the legislators w ill lim it their in­ | New York, N. Y., 10003 summer with resolutions on the vestigation to tenure technicalities. Documents part of the American Legion and But when State Senator Donald O. the Baptist Convention in Minne­ Wright moved for the inquiry, he I Enclosed is $3 tor a 1-year sub.Send me the print checked below. of the sota smearing two campus groups, motivated his proposal by report­ the Student Peace Union and the ing complaints that a “filthy, in­ | Q Frederick Douglass Q Harriet Tubman Negro Struggle World Affairs Center, as subver­ decent and immoral” story al­ legedly appeared in a campus sive. □ Sojourner Truth □ Nat Turner Also attacked were George Tse- magazine and by recalling that j Texts of discussions on ques­ los, of the Minnesota Young So­ University President O. Meredith tion with Leon Trotsky and cialist Alliance, Joseph Johnson, Wilson had apologized to Soviet | □ I’m enclosing $5 for a combination sub. Send me all 4. o f analytical resolutions of the Socialist Workers Party, Premier Khruschev when a Soviet and Dr. Mulford Q. Sibley, faculty flag was torn down outside a trav­ adopted by conventions of eling medical exhibit. advisor to SPU. Name. Socialist Workers Party. Tselos and Johnson answered Wright initiated the probe after charges in an open meeting in Goldwaterite M ilton Rosen 65 cents September. And just a few weeks charged the university with such ago Dr. Sibley met St. Paul busi­ “crimes” as harboring men like Street, Pioneer Publishers nessman Milton Rosen in a debate Prof. Sibley. He asserted that Sib­ 116 University Place where he effectively upheld the ley was “a close friend of Gus civil-libertarian concept of aca­ Hall” of the Communist Party, Zone State. New York 3, N. Y. demic freedom before some 2,000 and, further, that Sibley did not students and townspeople. accept the Virgin birth. Page Four THE MILITANT Monday, March 2, 1964

MOVIE REVIEW THE MILITANT McCarthyism Vividly Recalled Editor: JOSEPH HANSEN P o in t of O rder. A Points Film th e ir boys, P rivate D avid G. Managing Editor: GEORGE LA VAN Business Manager: KAKOLYN KERRY Production produced by Emile Schine, who, prior to being draft­ Published weekly, except during July and August when published bi-weekly, de Antonio and Daniel Talbot. ed had been a paid member of the by The Militant Publishing Ass’n.,110 University PI., New York 3, N.Y. Phone

CH 3-2140. Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Subscription: $3 a year; Young people who were World McCarthy Senate committee staff. Canadian, $3.50; foreign, $4.50. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily War II babies and barely recall McCarthy replied with the coun­ represent The Militant's views. These are expressed in editorials. the Korean War will find Point of ter-charge that Schine was being Order, a documentary about the “held hostage” to block his in­ V o l. 28 - No. 9 345 M onday, M a rch 2, 1964 1954 Army-McCarthy hearings, of vestigation of the armed forces. great historic interest. Audience But behind the charges and count­ reaction by this age group, as in­ er-charges serious social forces dicated by th e ir laughter, seems to were involved and after the hear­ Lies on Panama Exposed be that the whole thing was a bit ings concluded McCarthyism never unbelievable and even fantastic. According to a Feb. 16 New York Times report an investigat­ was the same. There are things in the film that Although it doesn’t treat of the ing committee of the Organization of American States has flatly will also evoke laughter from larger questions involved, this contradicted Secretary of State Dean Rusk’s contention that those who lived through the Mc­ documentary does an effective job C arthy era. There are graphic shots “Communists” or "Communist-trained agitators” played the ma­ of highlighting the 36-day hear­ of America’s would-be fuehrer ing. Its dramatic interest is spiced jor role in “inciting” the Panama outbreaks. repeating the phrase, “point of by such items as a doctored photo­ Taking into account the 60-year-old history of Panamanian order” over and over again in a graph of Schine and Stevens and dissatisfaction over U.S. control of the Canal Zone, the OAS vain effort to disrupt the hearing M c C a rth y a stolen le tte r from J. Edgar with procedural points. Or the Hoover. And there is the interven­ group is said to have termed Rusk’s charges “unrealistic.” The scene where his stooge, Roy Cohn, inherent limitation born of its ex­ tion of President Eisenhower di­ firepower used by U.S. troops on unarmed Panamanian demon­ shuffles through a batch of papers clusive concentration on this sin­ recting the Secretary of the Army strators at the Canal Zone border — in which 24 Panamanians to total his estimate of the num­ gle, albeit crucial, episode that to restrict his testimony before the ber of “communists” in war pro­ meant the end of McCarthy as a committee. were killed and hundreds wounded — was called “dispropor­ duction plants as the late Joseph force on the American political At the time of the hearings, 20 Welch, special counsel for the tionate.” Washington’s praise of its troops conduct was criticized scene. Because of this only a million Americans watched the Army, asks him to please hurry up by the committee. glimpse of the whole McCarthy drama on TV. It was the first time because he “wouldn’t want those era with its stiffling thought-con- television provided such full cover­ For people in this country the OAS finding — like the U-2 communists running around after trol atmosphere and wide-scale age fo r this type of hearing. Those case of 1960 and other incidents — proves once again that the sundown.” fear get across to the audience. who were in that TV audience w ill government tells lies at home about what it is doing abroad. The difference in the reaction of The specific charges and coun­ find it something of an experience the two age groups is th a t those Negro freedom fighters w ill find the counterpart in the way white ter-charges before the Senate com­ to see the ghosts of McCarthyism supremacists in government lie about civil rights struggles. who lived through that bizarre but mittee seemed penny-ante. Robert on the screen again. And all those ominous period laughed with a Unionists can note a parallel in false accounts of labor disputes. Stevens, then Secretary of the who appreciate a vivid slice of certain uncomfortable note in their Army, charged that McCarthy and history will find this movie well What makes the exposure of Rusk’s false claim all the more voice. They remember McCarthy­ damning is the way the OAS group, true to its role as the “U.S. Cohn had used pressure to as­ w orth seeing. ism as an incipient fascist menace sure special privileges for one of — Carl Feingold m inistry of colonies,” tries to cover up for Washington by denying that was enjoying a dangerous that Panama can “justify” charges of aggression against the U.S. growth. When the Army hearings If the facts are so compelling that such a stooge group felt com­ opened, it was not publicly real­ pelled to contradict Rusk, and charge that the shooting of Pan­ ized that the outcome would be ON NEW YORK'S EAST SIDE amanians was “disproportionate,” what can the actual truth be? the clamping of the lid on Mc­ Carthy by the powers-that-be in One thing at least is clear. The Democratic Johnson adminis­ this country. tration is no more to be trusted than was that of the Republican Nor is relief from the recalled Eisenhower. feeling of uneasiness afforded by A Puerto Rican Story the flitting around in the back­ By Ethel Bloch ground of Attorney General Rob­ ert F. Kennedy, then an aide and A young Puerto Rican couple were superintendents of our A Salute to William Worthy counsel for the Senate Internal building on New York’s Lower East Side, until the landlord Security Subcommittee — McCar­ threw them out one morning, several months ago. They lived in W illiam W orthy’s court victory over his federal persecutors thy’s committee. a one-room basement apartment with their one-year-old daughter. certainly warrants him a salute from every partisan of social While effective, the film has an The wife was 16 years old and six months pregnant when they progress. If the government doesn’t appeal the decision, or if it were thrown out. does and the Supreme Court upholds him, then a big gain w ill The young man had a full-time job in a pocketbook factory have been registered in restoring freedom of travel. during the day. In the evening and at night he would clean the halls, load the garbage cans and do whatever maintenance work When the Justice Department indicted Worthy it clearly did ... Worthy Case had to be done. Before the wife became pregnant she would do so because he had gone to Cuba in defiance of the travel ban and, (Continued from Page 1) some of this work. For their labor the landlord “gave” them the on his return, insisted on telling the truth about the great prog­ to go where they wish, in order room rent-free and paid them $15 a month. They had to pay their ress of the Cuban revolution. But, for one reason or another, the to see for themselves what is own gas and electric bills. They had no telephone. G-Men decided to skirt a court test of the travel ban at that point happening in countries momentari­ By the time the couple’s little girl was a year old she had and indicted him instead on the seemingly incredible grounds of ly out of favor with Washington.” had pneumonia four times and had developed a chronic bronchial returning to his native land without a passport. condition. Each time she would get sick and run a high tem­ FEB. 21 — Almost simultaneous­ perature the young mother would dash with her to Bellevue Yet there has been a law on the books that makes it a crime ly with Worthy’s victory came a Hospital. This usually happened in freezing weather. They had to so travel. In ruling for Worthy, the appeals court clearly, and setback in the fight for the right no money to pay a doctor for a home visit. correctly, declared that this law is unconstitutional. to travel. A U.S. district court in The husband worked steadily at his job as a machine oper­ But the fight to completely restore freedom of travel is not New Haven rejected the argument ator on pocketbook frames. He was a member of the union. He yet fully won. This was indicated with the opinion of the U.S. by Louis Zemel who was attemp- worked from 8 a.m. until 6:30 p.m. five days a week and until ing to sue Secretary of State Rusk district court in New Haven in the Cuba-travel-ban test brought 5 p.m. on Saturdays. His total take-home pay was $45.00 a week. for abridging his rights by deny­ I used to have lunch with the wife. Our children were the by Louis Zemel. There the court blatantly held that “internal ing him a passport to travel to security” and “foreign affairs” are “intertwined.” Or — to put it same age and we both enjoyed chatting while our little girls Cuba. In upholding the State De­ played on the floor. She had come to the U.S. when she was more plainly — that an administration may bar citizens from partment, Judge T. Emmett Clarie eleven years old and now spoke excellent English. Her 21-year- visiting countries in its disfavor simply by invoking the fraudulent wrote: old husband had been here only two years. She told me that she claim of “national security.” “ So many phases of internal knew they were both being cheated as superintendents and her If the W orthy ruling does stand it should certainly help con­ security are intertwined with for­ husband was being cheated on his job. A ll the Puerto Ricans in eign affairs in the administration siderably in ending such practices. Meanwhile, Worthy has, we his shop were treated that way. They knew that the other work­ of passport control that the two ers got much higher pay. think, also reaffirmed something else of importance — namely become inseparable.” Thus he en­ that you can “fight city hall” even if “city hall” is the federal Her husband knew that he wasn’t getting the time-and-a-half dorsed the State Department’s for overtime to which he was legally entitled, and that he was government. By insisting on excercising his constitutional rights regulation of passports for rea­ getting the bare minimum in wages for the other hours that he despite the threat of ja il W orthy has added to everyone’s freedom. sons of foreign policy. The stu­ worked. He and her uncle (who worked in the same shop) tried dents who traveled to Cuba last to get the other Puerto Rican workers to unite and demand that summer were indicted under the they get fair pay, but the others were afraid that they’d lose their same rationalization. jobs. I asked about the union representative and she answered The Worthy decision would re­ that he didn’t speak Spanish, was white and made good money. quire “the quashing, in whole or The landlord, when he had hired them, had promised them in part, of the indictment of the the first three-room apartment that became vacant. But he hadn’t students,” according to Clark Fore­ kept his promise. He had recently threatened to throw them out man, director of the Emergency BOSTON. Boston Labor Forum, 295 NEWARK. Newark Labor Forum, Box because she was pregnant. He said it was illegal for him to let 361. Newark, New Jersey. Huntington Ave., Room 200. Civil Liberties Committee which them all live in one room. “Everybody likes to cheat us,” said NEW VORK CITY. Militant Labor is defending them. CHICAGO. Socialist Workers Party and this 16-year-old g irl, w ith such sadness. Forum, 116 University Place. AL 5-7852. bookstore, 302 South Canal St., Room 210. Meanwhile, the Justice Depart­ One night someone threw a rug into the incinerator and it W I 9-5044. OAKLAND-BERKELEY. Socialist ment let it be known that it is caused a big fire in the furnace. Next morning when I came down­ Workers Party and Militant Labor Fo­ now studying the appeals court CLEVELAND. Eugene V. Debs Hall, rum: 592 Lake Park Ave., Oakland. stairs, they were gone from their basement apartment. The land­ Room 23, 5927 Euclid Ave., Cleveland 3, Phcme 444-8012. Marxist literature avail­ decision on Worthy and has not lord had blamed them for the fire and had immediately thrown Ohio. able: write to Labor Book Shop at above yet decided whether or not it w ill address. them out. DENVER, Militant Labor Forum, Tele­ appeal the decision to the Supreme PHILADELPHIA. Militant Labor Forum phone 222-4174. Six months later I met the young wife hurrying home from 3617 North Broad St., Room 9. Court. a visit to the Welfare Department. Her husband had caught his DETROIT. Eugene V. Debs Hall, 3737 SAN FRANCISCO. Militant Labor For­ Woodward. TEmple 1-6135. hand in the machine he operated and wouldn’t be able to work um meets second and fourth Fridays at One of the best ways to get Pioneer Book Store, 1488 Fulton St. for a while. His firm had fired him. The Welfare Department LOS ANGELES. Socialist Workers Par­ WE 1-9967. yourself a reputation as a danger­ ty, 1702 East Fourth St. AN 9-4953 or refused to put him on the relief roles but when they were ous citizen these days is to go WE 5-9238. Open 12 noon to 5 p.m. daily ST. LOUIS. Phone Main 1-2669. Ask for desperate for food or rent money, would give them $5 or $10 and Saturday. Dick Clarke. about repeating the very phrases every cent of which they were told would have to be repaid. SAN DIEGO. San Diego Labor Forum. which our founding fathers used MILWAUKEE. 150 E. Juneau Ave. They now lived in a walk-up tenement, on the sixth floor, in P.O. Box 1581, San Diego 12, Calif. For in the great struggle for Indepen­ labor and socialist books. Sign of the three small rooms. For this they pay $65 a month. Momentarily MINNEAPOLIS. Socialist Workers Party Sun Books, 4705 College Ave. dence. and Labor Book Store, 704 Hennepin her tired young face lit up, “Oh, you should see the new baby — Ave., Hall 240. FEderal 2-7781. Open 1 SEATTLE, 3815 5th N.E. Library, book. Charles A. Beard, American he’s such a beautiful boy!” to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, Sat­ store. Open 12 noon to 5 p.m. Saturday*. historian. (1874-1948) urday, 11 a.m.-8 pjn. Phone ME 2-7449. Monday, M arch 2, 1964 THE MILITANT Page Five Negro Views on '64 Election VIEW FROM PARIS Heard at New York Forum Did U.S. Engineer Latest Vietnam Coup? By Alex Harte PARIS (World Outlook) — it will not be forgotten that Dr. NEW YORK — Four Negro When Maj. Gen. Nguyen Khanh Quat, who has presided since De­ spokesmen took part in a discus­ overthrew the military junta cember over the Commission of sion of “The Negro Vote in ’64” at headed by Maj. Gen. Duong Van Foreign Affairs of the Council of a Feb. 21 meeting of the Militant Minh on Jan. 30, he gave as his Notables, was one of the principal Labor Forum. reason that the junta had proved inspirers of the motion demanding The panelists were Clifton De­ “ soft on Communism” after it over­ that diplomatic relations with Berry, Socialist Workers nominee threw the Diem regime last No­ France be broken.” for president; Cordell Reagan, a vember. Khanh also said that the Nguyen Xuan Danh “is a pure Southern leader of the Student junta had engaged in a “plot” that product of American ‘up-bringing.’ Nonviolent Coordinating Commit­ was “backed by the French” to He recently returned to Saigon tee; William Reed of New York turn toward “neutralism” and end after an absence of 17 years. Bene­ CORE; and Daniel Watts, editor the war in South Vietnam through ficiary of a scholarship granted by of L ib e ra to r magazine. a negotiated settlement. The U.S. the Japanese occupation in 1945, DeBerry contended that there is State Deparment made out that it he went to Tokyo to study, from no difference between the Repub­ had been surprised by the new where he went to the United licans and Democrats, that both coup d’état and that it was “un­ States after the war. A graduate parties agree on gradualism. easy” over the situation. of Harvard, functionary of the In­ Moreover, he argued that the Circles close to the French gov­ ternational Monetary Fund, he re­ only gains the Negro people have ernment offer a different opinion turned to Vietnam in the entour­ made have come through struggle. on the meaning of Khanh’s seizure age that accompanied Mr. Cabot The Negro people, he said, played of power. They claim that it was Lodge in August 1963. He was at a major part in the establishment done with the approval of Wash­ once sent by his American friends DIEM. Did the late Vietnam of the capitalist system. While ington, The French imperialists, of to Paris to try, without much hope, dictator represent the beginning to reunite the anti-neutralist op­ they were needed in the fight CLIFTON DeBERRY, Socialist course, are not disinterested ob­ of the end of imperialist puppet position in exile. After the fall of against the slavocracy, they were Workers candidate for Presi­ servers. They are watching for an opportunity to make a comeback regimes? the Diem government, he became given rights; when they were dent. needed for this no longer, they in their former colony. Neverthe­ governor of the National Bank. The United States expects no lost their voting rights. less it serves them, fo r the time ican services, the unification of doubt, that his nomination will The present civil rights bill, he New York rent strike. When the being at least, to bring out cer­ the two most fiercely anti-Com- added, would never have even Tenants wanted repairs, he noted, tain facts that might otherwise provide stricter control over the munist formations, the Dai-Vet utilization of American aid.” been introduced if the Negro peo­ the landlords were not to be found. rem ain concealed. party (of the ‘Grand Vietnam’) But now even speak of the rent ple hadn’t pressed their demands An interesting analysis of the and the Vietnam Quoc Don Dang Prisoners Still There in a militant way. A larger seg­ strike and “they always seem to Khanh regime, written by Georges (V.N.Q.D.D., formerly linked with come out of the bushes.” Chaffard notes that none of the ment of Negroes, he said, w ill op­ Chaffard and reflecting the French Chiang Kai-shek) proved to be figures who were imprisoned pose gradualism in politics this Reed asserted that the city view, appeared in the Feb. 11 unfeasible.” Because of the failure under the regime of the Ngo fall; more will not vote for the spends more money apologizing Paris daily Le Monde. According of this maneuver, Khanh “had no brothers is part of the new gov­ Democrats but w ill cast their pro­ for the problem than doing some­ to Chaffard, the governmental other recourse but to assume re­ ernment. Maj. Gen. Minh, who test vote with the socialists. thing about it. And he said that it combination announced by Khanh sponsibility for the government headed the overthrown military SNCC representative Cordell was time for the city to come up on Feb. 8, “implicitly reveals the him self.” junta, accepted the post of figure­ Reagan agreed wtih DeBerry on with new schools, good, low-cost difficulties and the limits of the Chaffard calls attention to the head president in order “to safe­ the nature of the major parties. housing, and decent recreation enterprise” undertaken by Kahnh two most important persons in guard the unity of the army.” But, as far as the Southern Ne­ areas in Harlem and the other in toppling the junta. Khanh’s regime: Dr. Pham Huy “There are few observers in gro vote is concerned, he said, if ghetto areas. “The majority of the traditional Quat, the minister of foreign af­ Saigon,” declares Chaffard, “who Johnson runs on the Kennedy plat­ Daniel Watts, who is a spokes­ political personnel decline to ven­ fairs, who “is probably the polit­ are prepared to predict a long life form, most Negroes w ill vote for man for the Manhattan Commit­ ture any opinion. This is because ical brains,” and Professor Nguyen for the new team, who represent tee for an All-Black Freedom Now waiting has again become the Xuan Danh, the second vice-presi­ llllllllllllfllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll.'t only a very small fraction of Viet­ Party, charged that the “civil order of the day for a big section dent, who is in charge of economic namese opinion, and whose In a coming issue we will rights” question is not the funda­ of the South Vietnam bourgeoisie and financial affairs. chances of lasting hinge solely on feature excerpts from a tran­ mental one. “ We should be fig h t­ at a time when the thesis of neu­ “ Principal leader of the Dai-Vet, the loyalty of the army. To in­ script of the Militant Labor Fo­ ing for jobs, housing, and better tralization is gaining ground even M r. Pham H uy Quat passes fo r a tensify the war against the Viet rum panel discussion on “The schools.” There are enough laws, among certain American circles.” strong personality, and in any case Cong, no substitute team remains. Negro Vote in ’64.” he said, to justify enforcing civil It was the ultranationalist min­ proclaims himself to be a determ­ If the present regime, in its turn, . rights if the power structure in­ ority, in Chaffard’s opinion, that ined adversary of neutralism. His suffers a setback, no alternative tended to. sought the purge of Jan. 30. But nomination at the head of South w ill remain but to call on the par­ him. But “Kennedy did only what The major question is, he said, they are divided by rivalries be­ Vietnam diplomacy w ill reassure tisans of a negotiated neutrality.” he was forced to do because we what technology is going to do tween clans and personalities. “The Mr. Dean Rusk and Mr. McNa­ pressured him . . . We got dese­ with the existing surplus of labor. operation advised by the Amer- mara. In Paris, on the other hand, gregation — one man at Ole Miss “I don’t care where I drink my — but integration is a long way to cup of coffee, particularly if I’m ...Racist Attacks come.” unemployed.” (Continued from Page 1) Reagan said that he personally He asserted that the integration- President Johnson’s ‘War on Poverty’ was not interested in the Demo­ ist “leaders” have had “their bit­ activity on the campus and “stim­ crats or Republicans, but a Free­ ter, sweet tea first with Kennedy, ulating a boycott.” The NAACP dom Now Party, he said, is some­ and then with Johnson, in the Boils Down to Economic ‘Tokenism’ lawyers representing Diamond re­ thing Negroes need. He empha­ white house.” Turning to the By Clifton DeBerry portedly did not defend him on sized the gerrymandering problem much-discussed question of where the basis of free speech rights but facing black voters in the South, the Negro w ill find allies, he said President Johnson is a clever workers who get starvation wages, on the grounds that the “disturb­ and concluded: “Perhaps we w ill flatly: “We won’t have any.” politician and he has gall. In his when they are lucky enough to ance of the peace” law was too have to reconstruct the whole Watts said of black economic “Attack on Poverty,” advertised have a job. vague. political system.” power, “That’s a myth. We must to create more jobs, he assures the It is obvious that Johnson only But still, the immediate ques­ obtain political power; then we can bosses there w ill be no cut in th e ir dabbles with the unemployment CANTON, MISS. — Two civil tion, he argued, is not so much the confront the white power struc­ huge profits. He promises the Ne­ problem, and even then he is rights fighters who were jailed Negro vote but, as SNCC is doing, ture.” And about the FNP he said, gro and other depressed sections quick to assure the bosses that here Feb. 7 on a charge of “con­ registering the Negro to vote. “If we — black people — cannot of the labor force only a token whatever he might do it won’t cost spiracy to intimidate a family” are William Reed of N.Y. CORE support a Freedom Now Party, share of what they are rightfully them much of anything. He is sim­ still in prison under six months discussed his experience in the then we don’t deserve it.” entitled to, and he is going to ply making a slick pitch for the sentence. At the Feb. 10 trial they make plenty of noise about it in labor vote, nothing more. were accused of telling a Canton a bid fo r votes. The only real way to begin woman that if she accepted em­ Since his plan w ould not go spreading jobs would be to cut ployment in a store under boycott, France Intervenes in Gabon into effect until three years after the work week to 30 hours with no they would “harm” her six-year- Congress made it law, Johnson loss in pay. Double time should be old child. would have until 1968 before he paid after 30 hours. Another im­ Appeal bond for the two — To Reimpose Ousted Puppet need even pretend to do some­ portant way to create more jobs Claude Weaver, a 20-year-old thing about it. The plan itself calls is to build low-rent housing, SNCC worker, and Ed Hollander, France’s intervention Feb. 19 in elections scheduled for Feb. 23. for a cut in overtime to increase parks, day nurseries, playgrounds, a 23-year-old member of CORE, Gabon to re-seat Leon Mba, the He apparently feared popular sup­ employment without any increase schools and hospitals, instead of was set at $500 apiece. Weaver, port would swing to the opposition deposed president, is the first such in costs fo r the bosses. Johnson making nuclear bombs. The mini­ a former Harvard student from Democratic and Social Union, action since France granted formal points out that in manufacturing mum wage should be at least $2 Atlanta, testified that he and Hol­ independence to 13 sub-Sahara which favored more social reforms in 1963, some 33 billion hours of an hour, and workers should re­ lander had not left their residence colonies in 1960. France took no and a quicker end to French in­ overtime were worked. This is ceive full wages during the entire at the time they were accused of such action last August when fluence in Gabon. equal to 919,000 fu ll tim e j obs, he period of unemployment. threatening the woman. workers in Brazzaville overthrew Neocolonialist Regime says, and could be an im portant But Johnson won’t take such Since Jan. 22, more than 20- pro-deGaulle puppet Fulbert You- France’s naked power move ex­ source of new jobs. steps because he is the bosses’ man odd civil rights and voter registra­ lou, nor when m ilitary revolts hit posed the true colonial character He also proposes to bring 735,- and he won’t push for labor bene­ tion workers have been arrested the ex-colonies of Togo and Da­ of the Mba regime. Puppets like 000 additional workers under the fits that would mean less profits here on charges ranging from homey. Youlou and Mba are maintained, minimum wage law. These work­ fo r the bosses. T h a t’s w hy support “burning trash without a permit” In departing from his “soft” col­ above all, to protect French in­ ers — employed in hotels, restau­ to the Democratic party is against to “publishing libel.” onial policy, deGaulle is following terests. rants, laundries, etc. — would re­ labor’s interests. That’s why In the Atlanta SNCC spokesmen have the example of British interven­ For example, news reports said ceive time-and-a-half for over 44 coming elections working people termed the Canton arrests “a tion in Tanganyika, Uganda and France was especially concerned hours three years after the effec­ can vote their own interests by purge, since virtually all SNCC Kenya. He even used the same for the big French investments in tive date of the proposed law, 42 supporting the candidates of the and CORE workers who have gone excuse as the British — that the Gabon, which is rich in manganese hours the fourth year and 40 hours Socialist Workers Party. into that city have been arrested, legal regime requested help. But and off-shore oil deposits and in thereafter. one by one.” French troops had invaded before timber used in making plywood. Johnson advocates better over­ There are but three ways for the time when Mba’s officials sup­ In addition, an international con­ tim e pay fo r 4,881,000 w orkers — the populace to escape its wretched SELMA, ALA. — Two young posedly “invited” them. sortium of U.S., West German, in airline trucking, filling stations lo t. The first two are by the route civil rights workers — arrested France also claimed that the Belgian, Dutch and French metal and seasonal industry — whose of the wine-shop or the church; the here on the Dallas County Court­ Gabon insurrection had no popular companies have their profit-hungry hours are not fixed by interstate third is by that of the social rev­ house steps as they carried signs support. But Mba had dissolved eyes on a mountain of high-grade commerce regulations. But he fails olution. urging Negroes to register to vote parliament and prevented opposi­ iron ores recently discovered in to mention and include some four Mikhail A. Bakunin, Russian — were convicted Feb. 13 Of “un­ tion candidates from running in eastern Gabon. million agricultural and migratory anarchist. (1814-1876). lawful assembly.” Page Six THE MILITANT Monday, March 2, 1964

BACKGROUND ON CYPRUS CRISIS U.S., Britain Act to Ensure Cold-War Base (World Outlook) — For the past in opposition to the oppressor? seized some of the best land and several months, the big powers of The truth is hinted at in an edi­ founded families that are still liv­ the West, particularly Great Bri­ torial in the Feb. 15-16 New Y ork ing in Cyprus. British imperialism tain and the United States, have Times [international edition]. displaced Turkish rule and brought allotted spectacular publicity day Archbishop Makarios, head of the the island into the Empire. The after day to a tiny island in the Republic of Cyprus, is berated for inhabitants of the island, through eastern end of the Mediterranean rejecting “the Anglo-American long association and mutual inter­ plan for an allied peace-keeping whose total population amounts to ests, considered themselves more some 565,000. The fra tric id a l con­ force on Cyprus” and for being and more as Cypriotes. The divi­ flict between the communities of “adamant on taking the issue to sion along religious lines (Greek Greek and Turkish origin in the United Nations, insisting that Christians and Turkish Moslems) Cyprus is pictured as a deadly the force be put under control of threat to world peace, requiring the Security Council.” offered no major obstacle to this immediate armed intervention. development. Fears Partition But Cyprus became caught up The seemingly senseless blood­ shed between two people that have Makarios, it seems, is afraid that in the big political currents that lived peaceably together for cen­ the island will be partitioned. stirred the postwar world. With tu rie s does, indeed, seem strange; What he wants is to stop the the decline of the Empire and the and it would seem in order to send slaughter, guarantee the island’s rise of Arab nationalism, the B rit­ troops to put a stop to it. Yet territorial integrity and prevent ish imperialists had to retreat in the Middle East, finally being there are aspects to this clamor any foreign intervention. “What that are suspicious, to say the this would really mean is that the forced to give up even their Suez “life line.” They converted Cyprus OCCUPIERS. British troops on island of Cyprus. least. peace-keeping force would be obliged to prevent the island’s into a new m ilitary anchor. Odd Reluctance threatened partition . . . and that At the same time, the Cypriotes Cypriote right to self-determina­ Cypriotes to grant the Turkish "First of all, there is the odd re­ it would prevent Turkey, Greece began a heroic struggle to break tion. m inority special privileges such as and Britain from exercising their Great Britain’s grip on their is­ luctance of Great Britain and the “Having ceded Cyprus to the they had never known in the past treaty rights to intervene.” land. How was London to meet even under Turkish rule. These in­ United States to ask the United English in 1878, and renouncing this political threat to its military cluded many economic advantages. Nations to take full charge. They This voice of American impe­ all claims to the island in 1923 have been insisting on sending rialism then admits: “ Behind these bases there? Endowed w ith cen­ The effect of granting such priv­ turies of experience in such things, with the signing of the Lausanne NATO troops strictly controlled by issues looms the Russian shadow, treaty, Turkey up until then had ileges to the Turkish minority was the British rulers applied a tried them. This is all the more intrigu­ which long antedates the cold showed no interest in its former to poison relations between the two and tested stratagem: divide et ing in view of the proved capacity war. It was to keep Russia out of province. Greek incorporation of communities. im pera — divide and rule. ■of the United Nations to uphold the eastern Mediterranean that Cyprus even appeared undisputed, Third, the British foisted a con­ Cyprus was first put under British stitution on the. republic that imperialist interests in such situa­ Astute Expedient? since Mr. Churchill himself, like tions as the war in Korea and the rule at the Berlin Congress of most of the British leaders, had probably is without parallel. It Here is how Eric Rouleau de­ civil strife in the Congo. Why are 1878, and it is for the same rea­ held from the beginning of the cen­ has 199 articles and hundreds of son that Britain and the United scribes it in the Feb. 7 Le Monde: President Johnson and Prime Min­ tury that Enosis constituted ‘an paragraphs, regulating life down States seek now to keep Russia is te r S ir Douglas-Home so con­ “ Thus British diplomacy was led ideal worthy of being pursued se­ to ridiculous detail. from creeping in again through cerned about blocking the United to resort to an astute expedient riously, stubbornly and energet­ The main principle of this con­ the United Nations and the large Nations if the threat to world aimed at neutralizing the action of ically’ by the Hellenic people of stitution is the abrogation of Communist element on Cyprus.” peace is as grave as it is pictured the Greek Cypriotes in favor of Cyprus.” majority rule by giving the Turkish and if the United Nations really In brief, a dirty game of im­ Enosis [union with Greece], but minority absolute veto power over In face of the Greek move to is, as they claim, an instrument perialist power moves is involved. which was subsequently to lead to any essential proposed legislation take the matter to the United Na­ fo r peace? The Greek community, which the sharp crisis now agitating the or governmental decisions. Thus tions, coupled with an armed in­ constitutes a majority of three- Atlantic powers. The expedient con­ the Makarios regime was bound And what is actually stirring up surrection on the island against quarters of the population, goes sisted of introducing Turkey into hand and foot in face of worsen­ th e 450,000 people of Greek origin British occupation, Sir Anthony back more than 2,000 years. They the foreground of the Cypriote ing economic conditions on the is­ and the 115,000 of Turkish origin Eden, in 1955, made a sensational have maintained their identity scene as a counter to Greece, land and rising popular demands. in face of the fact that under some decision. “He invited the Greek through many invasions. The which, on Aug. 20, 1954, officially When Makarios last Nov. 30 issued three centuries of Turkish dom­ and Turkish to a tripartite con­ Turks came to the island in 1570, asked the UN to recognize the a memorandum proposing amend­ ination, they traditionally united ference for the purpose of exam­ ments to this legislative strait ining ‘political and military prob­ jacket, the response was provoca­ lems concerning the eastern Medi­ tion of civil strife. terranean, including Cyprus.’ An­ kara was jubilant. The invitation Nominal Independence conferred on Turkey, for the first World Events time in thirty years, a say in Cy­ Last, but far from least, in priote affairs. In Athens it was be­ granting Cyprus nominal Inde­ Labor Stirs in Argentina tion has a good fighting issue, The action was to protest de'- lieved at first that what was in­ pendence, the British asserted there is an absence of fighting liberate delay in granting prom­ volved was a move toward a three- sovereignty over two military The Feronist-led General Labor stamina through divisions within ised changes in administrative way settlement, if not ‘capitula­ bases. In addition they set aside Confederation of Argentina is a dozen areas fof training pur­ and among the unions them­ regulations, which should have tion’ of the British government to warning the recently-elected gov­ selves.” the pressure of the movement for poses. ernment of Arturo Illia that the been carried out last June. Salary Enosis.” The basic imperialistic stake in ■“probationary period” it had grant­ increases, made necessary by the Protest Cyprus Intervention big jump in the cost of living, are Cyprus is Akrotiri and Dhekelid, ed the government w ill be over by More than 1,000 persons turned New Complications the tw in m ilita ry bases that con­ March. The unions warn that un­ involved. out to a meeting in London called stitute Britain’s Mediterranean less prices are brought down, Spokesmen of the Moro-Nenni However, new complications by the Movement for Colonial government explain apologetically swiftly appeared. “The Turkish Guantdnamo. A n estimated 12,000 minimum-wages established and Freedom to hear Greek Cypriote that the increases are expensive — delegation, in fact, adopted an in­ troops are stationed here on con­ jWemployment reduced, they w ill leaders and Labour party Mem­ stant alert, ready for action in any begin a campaign of agitation and costing some 450,000,000,000 lire transigent attitude. It opposed bers of Parliament attack the Tory [over $700,000,000], They want to Enosis, claiming that Cyprus as Of the Middle East or African partial — and finally full — oc­ government policy toward Cyprus. theaters. cupation of factories. spread them out over a 3-year pe­ ‘former Ottoman territory’ had After the meeting, the audience Inflation and unemployment riod. But government employes never belonged to Greece. It ob­ The United States shares the joined in a demonstration through have created widespread public have made clear that their pay is jected to independence for the is­ facilities. Atomic bomber patrols central London to the Common­ unrest. But the government has already too short to stretch that land by talking about ‘the Com­ fly their missions from the island, wealth Relations Office. There a made no response to labor’s warn­ far. munist influence,’ which, accord­ where nuclear weapons are report­ deputation presented a letter ings. Instead it is “improving its ing to the delegation, was pre­ edly stockpiled. Cyprus is an im­ signed by Labor MP’s Fenner relations with the military author­ ponderant among the Greek Cy­ portant link in the American com­ Brockway and William Warbey, Decline of British Empire ities,” as Norman Ingrey reports priotes, and would constitute a munications: network, both for rel­ urging that the government of in the Feb. 5 C hristian Science The Queen found herself in threat to the security of Turkey. aying coded messages fro m Wash­ Cyprus or the UN be responsible M o n ito r. Ingrey adds: “It also acute embarrassment recently Finally, it raised the problem of ington and for recording broad­ for any “policing” on that strife- knows that, though the confedera- when the ex-sultan of Zanzibar, the future of the Turkish minority. casts in the Middle East region for torn island. deposed as feudal ruler of that is­ The conclusion was predictable: later study by "agents of the FBI Meanwhile, in Brussels the fed­ land by the revolution there, ar­ only the maintenance of the po­ and the CTAy’y according to Eric eration of Socialist Students of rived in London. Assuming he litico-military role of Great Bri­ Rouleau. Belgium protested the proposed would be kept in the style to tain could offer the indispensable It is concern' over maintaining j} a c k & inclusion of Belgian troops in a which he had been accustomed as guarantees to Ankara.” this m ilitary stronghold that is be­ NATO force to be sent to Cyprus. a puppet of Her Majesty’s govern­ Since then, Turkey has become hind the British' policy of stirring Vancouver Sun Columnist The Bureau of the organization ment, His Royal Highness regist­ more and more involved in Cy­ up murderous conflict between the declared in a statement that the ered his entourage of 59 at the priote affairs, doing its utmost to Greek and Turkish communities to “national problems” of Cyprus aristocratic St. James’s Court stir up the grossest passion of the whom Cyprus belongs. “are the affair of the Cypriotes Hotel. Turkish community and playing Takes a Second themselves and not NATO.” The bill for five days was the role required to make it ap­ $4,200. The Relations O ffice gulped pear that Great Britain is indis­ Look at Cuba Biggest Strike Hits Italy and told the sultan they couldn’t pensable in Cyprus as a mediator. FIDEL CASTRO afford it. Thirty-five went with The Cypriotes continued their The biggest one-day general on A section of this top-notch strike in the history of Italy — the sultan to a cheaper hotel. The struggle against British domina­ report on Cuba was serialized involving over a million workers other 24 ended up in a Salvation tion; and the custodians of the Army Hostel. in The Militant. Now the — paralyzed that country from declining Empire finally had to Marxism-Leniirisirr complete report is published midnight Feb. 5 to midnight the Meanwhile, the crew of the concede the island its political in­ sultan’s yacht, the S.S. Salama, (Speech of Dec. Zi I9&I)' by the Canadian Fair Play following day. The strike of 1,200,- dependence in 1960. However, they 000 government employes affect­ after depositing the ex-ruler with tied up the package with quite a for Cuba Committee. ed primary and secondary schools, his British masters, sailed back to few strings. 84 pages $| universities, railways, public ad­ Zanzibar. They entered the harbor First of all, Turkey was granted i 35 cents ministrations, government yards, Jan. 17, amid applause from the the right to bring troops into the the postal and telegraph system crowds, and pledged allegiance to PIONEER PUBLISHERS Order through island — for the first time since and even the courts. the revolutionary government. they were expelled in 1878. Tur­ 116 University Pl*«r PIONEER PUBLISHERS The strike was called by all The ship was renamed the S.S. key was given the right to in­ 116 University Place three big union federations, the A frica n and joined another vessel tervene in Cyprus affairs if the Aslt for our new literature list New York 3, N. Y. Communist, the Socialist, and the to make up Zanzibar’s two-ship status quo should be threatened. | Christian Democratic. navy. Second, the British forced the / Monday, March 2, 1964 THE MILITANT Page Seven

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[This column is an open jorum address by Howard K. Smith, CBS other capitals and is seeking more port nationalist regimes while they effort,” for there — according to fo r all viewpoints on subjects of News commentator. foreign investment. are fighting for freedom and in­ the myth — live diligent people general interest to our readers. Upon entering Fulton Chapel, a How come you are so enthu­ dependence. But, when they turn who are morally upright and can Please keep your letters under minor incident occurred involving siastic over his tiny little “social­ against their own people (as in keep their rooms and building 400 words. Writers’ initials w ill be William Scott and an unidentified ist sector”? The USA also has a Africa, Algeria, etc.) they no clean. But such buildings prove used, names being withheld unless white student. They exchanged “ socialist sector.” Everybody does. longer deserve support. something else. They only m irro r authorization is given for use.] one or two blows and the white Ben Bella is a demagogue. On another point, I wish to the recent past of the sinking ships student was restrained by the po­ I see that Sukarno is now the defend the M ilita n t for printing around them. A Mississippi Experience lice. Yes, this was done in Missis­ darling of the British and Amer­ precise details of torture of peace The plaster, cheapest on the sippi. When the students entered ican industrialists. Sukarno has walkers in Georgia and miners in market, has already begun to fall Holly Springs, Miss. the building, there were hisses and prevented the masses from m oving Spain. in a few places — you can scrape Thursday night, Feb. 20, at 8 plenty of staring. toward socialism. The reactionary “N.L.” is a well-meaning per­ it off with your finger. With a p.h., five Rust College students Mr. Smith spoke on the “Chang­ right-wing, PKI (CP of Indonesia) son (the N.L. that protests), but jackknife — it is no contest. The. ing Challenges To America.” He attended a forum at the Univer­ still supports Sukarno the reac­ should face the reality of brutality, floor bends a bit as you walk the sity of Mississippi. Leslie McLe- pointed out the fact that South tionary, aided and abetted by the as it is visited upon helpless peo­ hall’. But grant them this: the door more, President of the Student Vietnam and Cyprus were not the right-wing, reactionary and revi­ ple today. buzzer still works! Built within Government and Raymond Davis, major problems confronting the sionist Communist Party of China, Under Stalin and Hitler we saw the year, these buildings — it is Vice President; John Morris, Presi­ United States today. Instead, they which slavishly follows Stalin in this brutality, and it still goes on plain — w ill be targets of rent- dent of the College Chapter of the were here at home in the form of promoting Chinese chauvinism and in the USA, Vietnam and else­ strikers within a few years. May­ NAACP and William Scott, Vice- poverty, crime, unemployment and nationalism under “revolutionary” where. Only if your paper con­ be now you can get one room and President, along with Walter the racial crisis. He further stated slogans. tinues to print all the horrible de­ a kitch e n fo r $85, b ut if this is a Evans, who is the Vice-President that if some actions were not tails w ill people possibly become “bargain” it won’t seem that way Both the CP of China and the of the Marshall County Voters taken on these problems, they sufficiently outraged as to crusade when the paint begins peeling/in CP of Russia have degenerated League, witnessed an informative would develop into a major ca­ for decency, even against strong a month or two. into bourgeois nationalist parties, tastrophe. odds. If those new houses in Cuba Nothing unusual happened dur­ but, of the two, the Chinese Party Keep up the good work! Best which are being built for the is more hypocritical. The Chinese ing the address. Afterwards there wishes to your interesting paper. workers who used to live in mud CP pretends to call for revolution was a two-minute intermission be­ H. W. Weston hovels and for which they are 10 YEARS AGO in various places (Africa, for ex­ fore the question and answer paying a 20-year-mortgage were to ample) but actually, as in Africa, 'Renovated' N.Y. Buildings period. During this time, the Di­ decay as rapidly, the armed po­ supports ideologically and mate­ New York, N.Y. rector of Student Activities at the pulace would certainly effect a IN THE MILITANT rially the right-wing chauvinistic One of the things that tend to University of Mississippi ap­ dramatic change jn the adminis­ nationalistic dictatorships that in­ puzzle, if not fool, those superficial “The Mississippi House of Rep­ proached the Rust College Stu­ tra tio n fest almost all of Africa. observers who have not lived a resentatives passed a ‘right to dents and said that the Admin­ J.G. The Chinese CP is a degenerate good part of their lives around or work’ bill Feb. 17 . . . istration was glad to have them on Stalinist party. The Russian CP in slums is the moderately decent “Some demagogues try to give the campus and they were wel­ Scotches Cigarette Rumor is not much better. I hope no one looking apartment buildings which Baltimore, Md. colored workers the impression come at any time. He also advised compromises the purity of social­ have been “renovated” in the There is no truth' to the rumor that such a law would protect their them to remain in the building ist ethics to support Ben Bella, or midst of rotting hulks which are that two million cigarette coupons rig h t to w o rk in cases where until the bulk of the crowd had the CPs of Indonesia, Russia or supposed to house tenants, say, on bring the smoker a new kind of unions discriminate against Ne­ departed and assured them that China. At the moment, Castro New York’s Lower East Side. life insurance policy paying dou­ groes. This is so obviously false there would be no incidents on seems to be the most honest so­ These are, some might claim, in Mississippi that it should reveal their leaving; ble indemnity to the next of kin cialist. vindication of “our” system and if the smoker dies of lung cancer. the true nature of these bills in After the question and answer Of course socialists should sup­ proof of the value of “individual A.R.K. other states as well. period, crowds assembled in the “The ‘right to work’ bill is in­ rear of the building and on the tended only to prevent organiza­ outside of it. The police formed a tion of unions; certainly not to shield to protect the Rust College better the lot of the majority of Students from these crowds as workers, white and colored. Those they walked to their car. The It Was Reported in the Press who howl the most for ‘right to crowd called them everything Ij work’ bills on the ground that they from BLACK SOB to CUTIE PIE. Georgia Justice — The Georgia for being unsporting enough to be­ er Anna Kross said, “We wouldta’t protect the individual worker from The police followed their car until State Senate, w hich ju st passed a lieve everyone should have a treat cattle the way we house our discrimination also violently op­ they left the city limits. law making it a petty crime for a sporting chance. inmates.” Referring to the “hor­ pose Fair Employment Practices These students from Rust Col­ husband to abandon a pregnant rifying conditions” in the munici­ bills designed to bar discrimination lege and some from the University wife, also made it a felony, with March o f Civilization — I f you pal jails, she warned that if these1 in employment. of Mississippi feel that the races a one-year to three-year sentence, looked forward somewhat glumly conditions were permitted to con­ “Another important point to of people w ill get to know each to steal a dog. to life in a fallout shelter with tinue there would be “rioting and note is that it is not just the Re­ other better by association. The in­ only those dry old survival bis­ bloodshed.” publicans who advocate these cident which occurred last eve­ “Patriots” a t Work •— Mrs. V ir­ cuits to nibble on, be of good ginia Franklin, a high school anti-union ‘right to work’ bills. ning was an effort on their part cheer. A patent has just been is­ Free Advice — Jobless miners The Mississippi Legislature is 100 to accomplish this end. teacher in Paradise, Calif., decided sued for cheese-flavored survival in Eastern Kentucky should be per cent Democrat.” — March 1, Rust College to take court action after it was biscuits. And gourmets w ill be pleased to learn that Madison Av­ 1954. NAACP Chapter publicly suggested that she at­ pleased to know it ’s a blue cheese enue is being urged to join the tempted to brainwash her stu­ flavor at that. “war on poverty.” Ad executive Suggestion for Goldwater dents, taught them sexual prac­ M arion H arper says: “The con­ Business Morality —• A survey 20 YEARS AGO Long Island, N.Y. tices offensive to the community tribution of advertising can be to of national advertising managers Sen. Barry Goldwater feels that and used teaching material that develop more effective communi­ “Liberty ships constructed in for newspapers around the coun­ the United States should send the was “over liberal.” She sued the cations for the successful motiva­ Henry Kaiser’s West Coast super­ try disclosed that 90 per cent felt Marines to the Guantanamo Naval American Legion post, five of its tion of people.” speedup shipyards have been officers, and several other resi­ there was “no moral wrong” in Base, to turn the water back on. The Way the Cookie Crumbles cracking up wholesale on the Alas­ dents of the town. After the accepting cigarette ads. Or, as the I believe I have a better sugges­ — “Trade with the Soviet Union kan run, according to evidence damage suit was filed she found old wheeze puts it, cancer-shman- tion. Instead of sending the Ma­ is becoming as ubiquitous as disclosed before the Truman Sen­ that a student who is the son of ser — as long as it’s profitable. rines, who for the most part are tourism in Europe. Co-operation ate investigating committee early one of the defendants had brought unfortunate victims of circum­ Let Him Keep Smoking — State on our trade embargo on Com­ last January and only revealed in a tape recorder into class, con­ stance, why not send the rest of Senator John D. Long of South munist China and Cuba is crum­ the past two weeks. cealing it in a hollowed-out book. “Most recent development in those former high living pimps Carolina charged that the federal bling as everybody in Europe and what Senator Wallgren of Wash­ and racketeers, who now are re­ A Bomb — Paddy Chayefsky’s report linking smoking with can­ Japan is starting to jump into ington, a member of the Truman ferred tq as Cuban Refugees, and new play, “The Passion of Joseph cer was a “rotten propaganda ef­ those markets,” says Robert Lu- committee has been forced to term can’t seem to be able to wait to D,” was widely touted in advance fort” by Yankees to punish his bar, assistant managing editor of get back at Fidel Castro for tak­ a ‘major scandal’, is the report in as a serious historical drama. It dear old Southland. Fortune magazine. Participating: the Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Feb. ing the fatted calf out of their portrayed Stalin as a deeply religi­ in a Feb. 12 symposium at Col­ hands and dividing it up amongst 19, that a troop-laden Liberty ship ous man who viewed Lenin as his New York Jails — New York umbia University, Lubar said the tied up to an Alaskan dock re­ the masses of the Cuban people? god; Lenin as repudiating the City’s eight jails have a capacity U.S. should come to "intelligent, To top this comedy off: when cently split wide open. The same revolution in his last days; and of 7,307 but have housed as many realistic terms” with its allies on paper reporting that 10 other these parasites arrive on Cuban Trotsky as a musical comedy as 11,856 inmates. Reporting on trade policies with the non-capi­ soil, have Barry “states rights” ships . . . are being held in the clown. It folded after 15 perform­ this City Corrections Commission- talist nations. Goldwater, lead the attack, riding Seattle area because the Arm y and ances. a white horse and waving the Con­ Navy fear to use them . . . federate Flag. Then after th'e Sportsmen — Syracuse Univer­ “Included in the evidence be­ slaughter Castro could chalk up sity has rejected a proposal that fore the Truman Committee is the it drop segregated schools from its SPECIAL $1 INTRODUCTORY OFFER testimqny of Congressman Warren another victory and name it, the Bay of Rats. sports schedule. The University’s Magnussen who revealed that in J.N. athletic board said that discrimi­ To reach the widest audience with our one run to Alaskan waters 14 nation is “unsportsmanlike,” but coverage of the Freedom Now Movement ships cracked up due to defective Critical on Algeria, China that it also wasn’t right to refuse construction and materials . . . Adelaide, South Australia to play against a team just because we are offering a 4-month introductory “ The testimony further disclosed From what I read, Ben Bella is it discriminated. The request to subscription to The Militant for $1. that the shipbuilding corporation not hated at all by the commercial sever relations with schools hav­ and the Maritime Commission press. He seems to be urging the ing all-white teams was made by knew about the unsafe construc­ Algerians not to go too far toward the Syracuse University Commit­ Name tion but ignored the facts. The socialism. He has been stating that tee on Equality. Let’s hope the Kaiser management wanted ‘to he welcomes French, British, and committee doesn’t get penalized achieve a reputation for speedy S tr e e t...... Zone ... construction,’ — thereby corner­ ing more profitable government Thought for the Week contracts — and ‘violated all estab­ C ity S tate lished principles of shipbuilding “Our good white liberal friends are obsolete liberals because they construction, sacrificing the safety are neutral and they go either way. Time was when they could go to Send to The Militant, 116 University Place, of the cargoes, crews and troops,’ the NAACP and put down $100 and go back to their segregated neigh­ reports the Shipyard Worker . . .” borhood. This is our revolution. Don’t tell us how to fight it. The day New York 3, N. Y. — M arch 4, 1944. is over when liberals tell us how to fight.’’ — Dick Gregory. Page Eight th e MILITANT Monday, March 2, 1964 'Hunger Marchers' Protest Puerto Ricans Slashes in Chicago Welfare Protest Killing By N. Y. Cop NEW YORK — “New York’s finest” have struck again. An off- duty policeman rushed out of a bar Feb. 18 and fatally shot a Puerto Rican youth in 'the back of the head. The cop claimed the youth had cut into his jacket with a knife and then fled. Three hun­ dred grieved and angry neighbors turned the young man’s funeral into a protest demonstration. To point up their protest, they routed the procession down the block where the local police precinct is. The victim was Francisco Ro­ driguez, 18-year-old high school TODAY’S FRONTIERSWOMEN. These demonstrators in front of senior whose young widow, Anna, struck General Telephone building are determined to bring com­ is expecting a second baby. The pany up to date by establishing modern union conditions. Puerto Rican com m unity is espe­ cially aroused about this latest police killing because there was Interview With Los Angeles Strike Leader no question of Rodriguez being a roughneck or hoodlum. “Frankie” Rodriguez had been named Boy Phone Workers in Bitter Struggle of the Year in 1962 by the Boys Clubs’ Eastern Region. By Al Johnson As the young widow said: LOS ANGELES — The workers thinly veiled threats as to the job “Frankie wasn’t a fighter, all he of 12 locals of the AFL-CIO Com­ security of the employes. People HUNGER MARCHERS. Part of demonstration at Chicago City thought about was the Boys Club munication Workers of America who have returned to work have and finishing high school.” Hall protesting cuts in already low welfare budget. here in Southern California are done so only because of this in­ Rodriguez had been walking engaged in a bitter struggle against timidation. down the street with some friends the General Telephone Co. The By Howard Sievers in his East Harlem neighborhood. strike is now in its fourth month Q. Has the company sought any Chicago, Feb. 18 — Over 200 food — no vote” and finally, “We The group got involved in a brawl and the company has consistently police or court interference? welfare recipients staged the sec­ want Daley!” on the street in front of a bar. In refused to negotiate a decent s q I u - A. Yes, we feel that we have the midst of it, Patrolman Mes- ond “Hunger March” within three The demonstration finally broke tion of the issues involved. In not been given a fair shake in the zaros — in street clothes — rushed weeks protesting recent cuts in up when the ministers began fact, the union has been trying to courts. Judge Odemar has granted out of the bar. Before it was over welfare budgets and demanding shouting that the buses loaned to negotiate a contract since June General Telephone an injunction Rodriguez was dead. both jobs and the immediate dis­ them for the march were leav­ 1963. against us. We have tried twice tribution of federal surplus food. Said the w idow : “ Even if he ing. As none of the relief reci­ The arrogance of General Tele­ to get injunctions against the com­ The second demonstration was did pull a knife on the cop, did pients could afford public trans­ phone was most recently demon­ pany but Judge Odemar has re­ called after it became clear that he know it was a cop? Even the portation, they were forced to strated when it unilaterally broke fused us. the welfare officials’ previous police admit the man didn’t show leave. Bus fare would have cost off the negotiations called by the promise to “talk over” the de­ his badge and he came running Q. How are the union members each of them the equivalent of Federal Mediation and Concilia­ mands meant just that and no­ out of a bar and he was not in getting along financially and how three meals under the new wel­ tion Service. thing more. fare standards. uniform. And, anyway, Frankie is union morale? was running away from him when General Telephone refuses to After the first “Hunger March,” Since the second march, the ac­ A. Our strike fund has taken he got shot. Do they kill you now pay the same wages as does its welfare officials said they would care of the immediate necessities tions of the state legislative ad­ main competitor, Pacific Tele­ consider the possibility of distrib­ for running away?” plus preventing repossessions and visory committee amount to this: phone. The refusal to pay its em­ uting surplus food in Cook Coun­ 1) Adjust each child’s daily al­ Supported By Superiors foreclosures. As to the latter part ployes decent wages and fringe ty (Chicago), and that the names of the question that is best an­ lowance of one pint of powdered The cop had an awfully lame benefits was emphasized to this re­ of people “in dire need” should swered by the fact that despite all milk to one-half fresh, one-half explanation for the killing but his porter by a member of CWA Local be brought to their attention and powdered; 2) allow children up to intimidations we are still out a superiors backed him up without 9579 who said that 12 out of 15 “they will be taken care of.” Of solid 80 per cent. six years old to occasionally drink reservation. The general police workers in his unit were forced the first 36 names submitted by orange juice by adding 15 cents a attitude toward Puerto Ricans in to take part-time jobs to meet Q. How big a percentage of the the march leaders, 31 were refused month per child. The motion to New Y o rk is a clear one. As one their bills. It’s not that General employes have returned to work? additional aid. Furthermore, no restore welfare budgets to the level colum nist put it, cops th in k b ru ­ Telephone can’t “afford” to pay, progress had been made in obtain­ A. Well, our figures, of course, prior to the November cut, which tality “is the only language they because for many years its rates ing the requef led surplus food. don’t agree with the company’s. reduced budgets an average of can understand.” have exceeded those of Pacific So Rev. Henry Mitchell, chairman I believe, as I said before, despite ten percent was defeated. Also, no Gilberto Gerena-Valentin, of the Telephone. of the March For Jobs and Sur­ motion was made on the distribu­ National Association for Puerto intimidation only approximately To learn more about the issues plus Food Committee, called for a tion of surplus food. Rican Civil Rights, charged that 20 per cent of the original em­ involved I interviewed Deraid second march, this time on City cops act as if they were “ running ployes have returned. Then of Raymond M. Hilliard, Cook Suhr, secretary-treasurer of Local Hall and Chicago’s Democratic a plantation” instead of protect­ course the company has hired a County public aid director, op­ 9579, as follows: number of outside scabs. Mayor Richard Daley. posed a surplus food program, say­ ing citizens’ rights. Rev. Mitchell said he and the ing, “This would mean bread lines This latest killing has aroused Q. What are the specific issues Q. What procedures has the marchers would “camp in the all over Chicago. It would be un­ particularly deep indignation in the involved in the strike? union adopted to assure victory? streets and be arrested if food Puerto Rican community because sightly, involve spoilage and would A. It simply boils down to the A. The determination and demands are not met. We shall not it comes on the heels of the killing compete with private merchants.” question of equality. We work un­ strength of the people behind this be moved until Mayor Richard of two Puerto Ricans by two cops The reactions to these welfare der similar conditions to the work­ strike will assure eventual vic­ Daley,.., . tells us and the press in a patrol car last fall. They policies by the people on the pic­ ers at Pacific Telephone, we have tory. Further, the international that they’ll bring surplus food to were supposed to be taking the ket line range from those of a mo­ the same training, cover the same union has assured us that they Cook County to my hungry peo­ two men to the police station but ther of five who, upon being asked general area, and yet our pay and w ill not sign an agreement unless ple, who are starving and cold.” the car was headed in the opposite her opinion, broke uncontrollably fringe benefits are inferior. It’s direction from thé station house all who went on strike are given Closed Meeting into tears, to those of a represen­ a matter of justice. when the killing occurred. back their jobs. This gives us the After picketing outside City tative of the Chicago Committee morale necessary to successfully Gerena-Valentin said his group Q. Regarding these issues what Hall, about 1.50 of the pickets went for a Freedom Now Party who complete this strike. made this comment; is considering extending its pro­ is General Telephone’s position? up to the lobby of the mayor’s of­ test to other areas and may join fice where they began a sit-in, “ As black people and builders of A. They claim' they are offer­ Q. Has the CW A been getting in the rent strike movement. He while waiting for the outcome of a a political party we support the ing the best possible contract they the full support and solidarity of also urged all groups to support a closed meeting between Mayor just demands of the relief reci­ can offer, keeping in mind their organized labor? Puerto Rican prayer march on pients for surplus food and jobs. .. “responsibility” to owners, sub­ A. We have received very little Daley and the seven ministers City Hall this Sunday to protest We hope to bring to light the fact scribers and employes. They don’t support from the building trades who led the march. school conditions. After an hour, Mitchell emerged that crooked politicians both in speak for the latter two groups, and the teamsters. However, on from the Mayor’s office to address the Democratic and Republican however, as both subscribers and the positive side the International the seated crowd. “ I have been in­ parties have no right to decide employes have manned the picket Association of Machinists, the formed that a legislative advisory w hether or not people w ill go lines. longshoremen’s union and the In­ committee is meeting and taking hungry or eat. The people must ternational Brotherhood of Elec­ Q. What are some of the tactics the question of surplus food under realize that if they are persistent trical Workers have given their the company has used to defeat consideration . . .” But, he cau­ enough and refuse to be negotiated full support to our efforts. into trimming down their de­ the strike? tioned, “ It is going to take time.” Q. What of the future? He said that Daley had promised mands, these demands will be A. The main tactic used by the that if a list of the hungry were met . . . company is the intimidation of A. Keeping the members solid turned over to him, they would “I wonder if Mayor Daley, employes, saying in effect that and out. With determination Gen­ eral Telephone will eventually receive aid. Swank, or Hilliard could fill their certain employes are fired for no “I am com pletely satisfied,” fat bellies off of 20 cents a meal. cause. Using the T a ft-H a rtle y Act, bend. As to specific strategy, this w ill be outlined in the next few Mitchell said, “ because I know the I wonder how they would feel if they claim they have the legal poor people are going to get food. their children had to do their right to replace employes and days. This closes the case.” homework by candle light because they have been doing this in an But members of the march their check was cut so the lights arrogant manner. Among other The prejudices of ignorance are yelled back, “How long must we are cut off. I wonder how they tactics they have cut off telephone more easily removed than the pre­ wait?” “We’ve heard all that be­ would feel if they had to sleep in lines to strike leaders, interfered judices of interest; the first are fore!” “This is what they said last their winter coats because the heat with and disrupted telephone con­ all blindly adopted, the second time!” “We need food and jobs was cut off. People on relief don’t versations. Also the company w illfully preferred. now!” The entire group then began have to wonder, they know how it newspaper and taped reports over George Bancroft, American to chant. “No food s— no go” ; “ No feels.” the phone have consistently given historian. (1800-1891)