The Iranian Revolution: Thirty Years
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A WAY FORWARD with IRAN? Options for Crafting a U.S. Strategy
A WAY FORWARD WITH IRAN? Options for Crafting a U.S. Strategy THE SOUFAN CENTER FEBRUARY 2021 A WAY FORWARD WITH IRAN? OPTIONS FOR CRAFTING A U.S. STRATEGY A WAY FORWARD WITH IRAN? Options for Crafting a U.S. Strategy THE SOUFAN CENTER FEBRUARY 2021 Cover photo: Associated Press Photo/Photographer: Mohammad Berno 2 A WAY FORWARD WITH IRAN? OPTIONS FOR CRAFTING A U.S. STRATEGY CONTENTS List of Abbreviations 4 List of Figures 5 Key Findings 6 How Did We Reach This Point? 7 Roots of the U.S.-Iran Relationship 9 The Results of the Maximum Pressure Policy 13 Any Change in Iranian Behavior? 21 Biden Administration Policy and Implementation Options 31 Conclusion 48 Contributors 49 About The Soufan Center 51 3 A WAY FORWARD WITH IRAN? OPTIONS FOR CRAFTING A U.S. STRATEGY LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BPD Barrels Per Day FTO Foreign Terrorist Organization GCC Gulf Cooperation Council IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency ICBM Intercontinental Ballistic Missile IMF International Monetary Fund IMSC International Maritime Security Construct INARA Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act INSTEX Instrument for Supporting Trade Exchanges IRGC Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps IRGC-QF Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps - Qods Force JCPOA Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action MBD Million Barrels Per Day PMF Popular Mobilization Forces SRE Significant Reduction Exception 4 A WAY FORWARD WITH IRAN? OPTIONS FOR CRAFTING A U.S. STRATEGY LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Iran Annual GDP Growth and Change in Crude Oil Exports 18 Figure 2: Economic Effects of Maximum Pressure 19 Figure 3: Armed Factions Supported by Iran 25 Figure 4: Comparison of Iran Nuclear Program with JCPOA Limitations 28 5 A WAY FORWARD WITH IRAN? OPTIONS FOR CRAFTING A U.S. -
The Crusader Monthll,J Nelijsletter
THE CRUSADER MONTHLL,J NELIJSLETTER ROBERT F. WILLIAMS, EDITOR -IN EXILE- VoL . ~ - No. 9 MAY 1968 Afro-Americans & Slick John Kennedy Government of the United States is no government T~E of the Afro-Americans at all. The slick John Ken- nedy gang is operating one of the greatest sham govern- ment in the entire world. Afro-Americans and fair minded Od > ~- O THE wN«< /l~USL . lF Yov~Re EyER IN NE60, CALL ME AT whites must be gullible indeed to believe that the racist, KKK dominated so-called U.S. Government is concerned with the welfare and human rights of colored people. The colored people of the USA must bring themselves to realize that taken integration is a slick manuever to check the restlessness of an oppressed people fast becoming infect ed with the germ of total resistance policy developing among all of the oppressed peoples of the world. Token integration means nothing to the masses. Even an idiot should be able to see that so-called Token integration is no more than window dressing designed to lull the poor downtrodden Afro-American to sleep and to make the out side world think that the racist, savage USA is a fountainhead of social justice and democracy. The Afro-American in the USA is facing his greatest crisis since chattel slavery. All forms of violence and underhanded methods o.f extermination are being stepped up against our people. Contrary to what the "big daddies" and their "good nigras" would have us believe about all of the phoney progress they claim the race is making, the True status of the Afro-Ameri- can is s#eadily on the down turn. -
The Poetics of Commitment in Modern Persian: a Case of Three Revolutionary Poets in Iran
The Poetics of Commitment in Modern Persian: A Case of Three Revolutionary Poets in Iran by Samad Josef Alavi A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Near Eastern Studies in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in Charge: Professor Shahwali Ahmadi, Chair Professor Muhammad Siddiq Professor Robert Kaufman Fall 2013 Abstract The Poetics of Commitment in Modern Persian: A Case of Three Revolutionary Poets in Iran by Samad Josef Alavi Doctor of Philosophy in Near Eastern Studies University of California, Berkeley Professor Shahwali Ahmadi, Chair Modern Persian literary histories generally characterize the decades leading up to the Iranian Revolution of 1979 as a single episode of accumulating political anxieties in Persian poetics, as in other areas of cultural production. According to the dominant literary-historical narrative, calls for “committed poetry” (she‘r-e mota‘ahhed) grew louder over the course of the radical 1970s, crescendoed with the monarch’s ouster, and then faded shortly thereafter as the consolidation of the Islamic Republic shattered any hopes among the once-influential Iranian Left for a secular, socio-economically equitable political order. Such a narrative has proven useful for locating general trends in poetic discourses of the last five decades, but it does not account for the complex and often divergent ways in which poets and critics have reconciled their political and aesthetic commitments. This dissertation begins with the historical assumption that in Iran a question of how poetry must serve society and vice versa did in fact acquire a heightened sense of urgency sometime during the ideologically-charged years surrounding the revolution. -
On the Black Panther Party
STERILIZATION-ANOTHER PARTOF THE PLAN OFBLACK GENOCIDE 10\~w- -~ ., ' ' . - _t;_--\ ~s,_~=r t . 0 . H·o~u~e. °SHI ~ TI-lE BLACK PANTI-lER, SATURDAY, MAY 8, 1971 PAGE 2 STERILIZATION-ANOTHER PART OF THE PLAN OF f;Jti~~~ oF-~dnl&r ., America's poor and minority peo- In 1964, in Mississippi a law was that u ••• • Even my maid said this should ple are the current subject for dis- passed that actually made it felony for be done. She's behind it lO0 percent." cussion in almost every state legis- anyone to become the parent of more When he (Bates) argued that one pur latur e in the country: Reagan in Cali- than one "illegitimate" child. Original- pose of the bill was to save the State fornia is reducing the alr eady subsis- ly, the bill carried a penalty stipu- money, it was pointed out that welfare tance aid given to families with children; lation that first offenders would be mothers in Tennessee are given a max O'Callaghan in Nevada has already com- sentenced to one to three years in the imum of $l5.00 a month for every child pletely cut off 3,000 poor families with State Penitentiary. Three to five years at home (Themaxim!,(,mwelfarepayment children. would be the sentence for subsequent in Tennesse, which is for a family of However, Tennessee is considering convictions. As an alternative to jail- five or more children, is $l6l.00 per dealing with "the problem" of families in~, women would have had the option of month.), and a minimum of $65.00 with "dependant children" by reducing being sterilized. -
Iran and the Soft Aw R Monroe Price University of Pennsylvania, [email protected]
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Departmental Papers (ASC) Annenberg School for Communication 2012 Iran and the Soft aW r Monroe Price University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers Part of the Social Influence and Political Communication Commons Recommended Citation Price, M. (2012). Iran and the Soft aW r. International Journal of Communication, 6 2397-2415. Retrieved from https://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers/732 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers/732 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Iran and the Soft aW r Disciplines Communication | Social and Behavioral Sciences | Social Influence and Political Communication This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers/732 International Journal of Communication 6 (2012), Feature 2397–2415 1932–8036/2012FEA0002 Iran and the Soft War MONROE PRICE University of Pennsylvania The events of the Arab Spring instilled in many authorities the considerable fear that they could too easily lose control over the narratives of legitimacy that undergird their power. 1 This threat to national power was already a part of central thinking in Iran. Their reaction to the Arab Spring was especially marked because of a long-held feeling that strategic communicators from outside the state’s borders were purposely reinforcing domestic discontent. I characterize strategic communications as, most dramatically, investment by an external source in methods to alter basic elements of a societal consensus. In this essay, I want to examine what this process looks like from what might be called the “inside,” the view from the perspective of the target society. -
Oman Embarks on New Yemen Diplomacy
WWW.TEHRANTIMES.COM I N T E R N A T I O N A L D A I L Y 8 Pages Price 50,000 Rials 1.00 EURO 4.00 AED 43rd year No.13960 Monday JUNE 7, 2021 Khordad 17, 1400 Shawwal 26, 1442 Qatar calls for dialogue I know Bahrain like Tehran, Seoul expected Iran’s “Statue” tops at between Iran and back of my hand: to resume trade within VAFI & RAFI animation Arab neighbors Page 3 Dragan Skocic Page 3 3 months Page 4 festival Page 8 Candidates face each other in first televised debate Oman embarks on new TEHRAN – The first televised debates Some analysts said the debates had no among seven presidential candidates were clear winner and that candidates mostly held on Saturday afternoon. trade accusations against each other rather The hot debates took place between five than elaborate on their plans. principlist candidates - especially Saeed Hemmati was claiming that most can- See page 3 Jalili, Alireza Zakani, and Mohsen Rezaei didates were making attacks against him - with Nasser Hemmati. which was not fair. Yemen diplomacy The main contention was over an ap- A presidential candidate, Nasser Imani, proval of FATF and skyrocketing prices, said the days left to the election day are which most candidates held the central important. bank responsible for. Continued on page 2 Iran, EAEU soon to begin talks over establishing free trade zone TEHRAN - Iran and the Eurasian Economic tee, on the sidelines of the St. Petersburg Union (EAEU) are set to begin negotiations International Economic Forum. on a full-fledged joint free trade zone in “The EAEU made the appropriate de- the near future, the press service of the cisions regarding the launch of the nego- Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) tiations in December 2020. -
October 19-October 25) ______
Presents International Events and Opportunities Newsletter (Weeks of October 19-October 25) __________________________________________________________________________________________ The Ethics in Science Lecture Series Presents Arming Mother Nature: The Birth of Catastrophic Environmentalism Presented by Jacob Hamblin, Ph.D., Oregon State University Friday, October 18, 2013 11:00 A.M. - 12:30 P.M. University of Houston 232 Philip G. Hoffman Hall Professor Hamblin argues that military planning for World War III essentially created "catastrophic environmentalism": the idea that human activity might cause global natural disasters. This awareness, Hamblin shows, emerged out of dark ambitions, as governments poured funds into environmental science after World War II, searching for ways to harness natural processes in order to gain military advantage. Proposals included the use of nuclear weapons to create artiNicial tsunamis or melt the ice caps to drown coastal cities; setting Nire to vast expanses of vegetation; and changing local climates. This work raised questions that went beyond the goal of weaponizing nature. "Perhaps one of the surprises is not how little was known about environmental change, but rather how much," Hamblin maintains. Please visit the Ethics in Science website for more information. The Asian American Student Center Presents “iCount: A Data Quality Movement for Asian American and PaciNic Islanders” Presented by Dr. Robert Tarnish October 23, 2013 12:30-2:00 p.m. in the Kiva of Farish Hall A light lunch will be served. Please contact Elizabeth Gonzales at [email protected] for more information. Our lecture’s motto – Every student counts! Making every student visible! – is adopted from the National Commission on Asian American and PaciNic Islander Research in Education. -
Iran and the Islamic Revolution International Relations 1802Q Brown University Fall 2018
Iran and the Islamic Revolution International Relations 1802Q Brown University Fall 2018 Instructor: Stephen Kinzer Office: Watson Institute, Room 308 Office Hours: Wednesdays 10-12 Email: [email protected] Class Meeting: Wednesdays 3-5:30, Watson Institute 112 Course Description The overthrow of Mohammad Reza Shah in 1979 and the subsequent emergence of the Islamic Republic of Iran shook the Middle East and reshaped global politics. These events have continued to reverberate for four decades, in ways that no one could have predicted. Hostility between the US and Iran has remained almost constant during this period. Yet despite the growing importance of Iran, few Americans know much about the country or its modern history. The shattering events of 1978-80 in Iran unfolded against the backdrop of the previous decades of Iranian history, so knowing that history is essential to understanding what has become known as the Islamic Revolution. Nor can the revolution be appreciated without studying the enormous effects it has had over the last 39 years. This seminar will place the anti-Shah movement and the rise of religious power in the context of Iran's century of modern history. We will conclude by focusing on today's Iran, including the upheaval that followed the 2009 election, the election of a reformist president in 2013, the breakthrough nuclear deal of 2015, and the United States’ withdrawal from the deal three years later. This seminar is unfolding as the United States launches a multi-faceted global campaign against Iran. Given the urgency of this escalating crisis, we will devote a portion of every class to discussion of the past week’s events. -
Laetitia Nanquette
5 THE GLOBAL CIRCULATION OF AN 10 IRANIAN BESTSELLER 15 20 Laetitia Nanquette QA: MSK COLL: MM University of New South Wales, Australia 25 ..................Memoirs by Iranian women in the diaspora have long been the standard reading for western readers interested in Iran. However, The Book of Fate bestseller by Parinoush Saniee, a popular novel newly translated into English and circulation many other European languages, interpolates both the orientalist discourse 30 memoirs offer and the Iranian memoirs industry. The translation of this Iranian literature Iranian text with a feminist Islamic discourse inserts the book into a global literary field context that allows the perception of Iran to impact on western stereotypes. Assisted by its writer, literary agent, translator and publisher, it also has the 35 postcolonial agency, a ‘distributed agency’ to interpolate the dominant system of translation publishing and circulation. My methodology is a combination of close reading, postcolonial theory and Pierre Bourdieu’s analysis of the literary ................. field, which I adapt to the Iranian and English-speaking context. I analyse 40 the publishing processes in Iran and in English-speaking countries, the book covers, the reception of major literary awards, commercial success, and critical reception (critics, media attention, reviews by general readers on websites such as Amazon and Goodreads). 45 50 ....................................................................................................... interventions, 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369801X.2016.1191960 © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group 55 ............................interventions 2 What comes to mind to general readers if they are asked to name some texts of 60 Iranian literature? Perhaps works of classical Persian poetry or, more likely, memoirs written in English by writers of Iranian origin, such as Azar Nafisi’s Reading Lolita in Tehran. -
Did Economic Sanctions Cause Inequality in the US-Iran Relations?
Did Economic Sanctions Cause Inequality in the US-Iran Relations? Agnese Macaluso 2015 Abstract Over the last three decades, relations between Iran and the United States have been dominated by hostility and economic restrictions. In the autumn of 2013, however, Iran and the P5+1 began negotiating over what was welcomed as an historical nuclear deal. After almost two years of difficult negotiations, a comprehensive agreement has now been reached, though it has not yet been ratified. The announcement triggered new optimism over the future of their relations but also doubts on the sustainability and durability of such an agreement. This paper both explores the extent to which the inequality that has characterized the relations between Iran and the US has been the cause of the deadlock, and discusses the way in which the lack of both procedural and distributive justice has hindered negotiations. The paper also discusses the implications, for the concept and perception of equality and durable peace, of pursuing an agreement by imposing economic sanctions. Did Economic Sanctions Cause Inequality in the US-Iran Relations? Agnese Macaluso Abou t the Au th or Agnese Macaluso is a Researcher in the Conflict Prevention Program of The Hague institute for Global Justice. She focuses on economic sanctions and conflict prevention and is currently involved in research projects in the field of institutions and governance and education. Ackl ow ed gem ents The author thanks Dr. Andrew Futter and Rens de Man for insightful discussions and for taking the time to provide feedback on earlier versions of this paper. The author is also grateful to Dr. -
'Ubayd-I Zakani's Counterhegemonic Poetics: Providing a Literary Context for the Ghazals of Hafiz
UCLA Iranian Studies The Jahangir and Eleanor Amuzegar Chair in Iranian Studies & The Musa Sabi Term Chair of Iranian Studies present ‘Ubayd-i Zakani’s Counterhegemonic Poetics: Providing a Literary Context for the Ghazals of Hafiz Dominic Parviz Brookshaw University of Oxford Friday, February 12, 2016 | 11348 Charles E. Young Research Library | 4:00pm For far too long, the ghazals (short lyric poems) of Hafiz (d. ca 1390) have been discussed in isolation from those of his contemporaries. Although Hafiz was without doubt the most significant poet active in mid- to late fourteenth-century Shiraz, he was not the only poet attached to the Injuid and Muzaffarid courts to produce ghazals of elegance and complexity. Some scholars of Hafiz are now beginning to practise what could be called “lateral literary analysis” and are examining Hafiz’s poems in tandem with those of his competitors with whom he engaged in poetic dialogue and alongside whom he vied to secure the favour of the rulers of Fars. In this talk I will show, through the detailed analysis of quasi-companion poems penned by Hafiz and the slightly more senior ‘Ubayd-i Zakani (d. 1371), how our understanding of the semantic depth of Hafiz’s ghazals can be augmented. The ghazals of ‘Ubayd, who is chiefly celebrated for his satirical works, provide a fruitful point for comparison with those of Hafiz because of their often irreverent tone. It will be argued that what might appear to be irreverence on ‘Ubayd’s part is in fact a deliberate counterhegemonic poetic agenda, one he used to upset the aesthetic status quo embodied in the verses of his chief rival, Hafiz. -
Hosseini, Mahrokhsadat.Pdf
A University of Sussex PhD thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details Iranian Women’s Poetry from the Constitutional Revolution to the Post-Revolution by Mahrokhsadat Hosseini Submitted for Examination for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Gender Studies University of Sussex November 2017 2 Submission Statement I hereby declare that this thesis has not been, and will not be, submitted in whole or in part to another University for the award of any other degree. Mahrokhsadat Hosseini Signature: . Date: . 3 University of Sussex Mahrokhsadat Hosseini For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Gender Studies Iranian Women’s Poetry from the Constitutional Revolution to the Post- Revolution Summary This thesis challenges the silenced voices of women in the Iranian written literary tradition and proposes a fresh evaluation of contemporary Iranian women’s poetry. Because the presence of female poets in Iranian literature is a relatively recent phenomenon, there are few published studies describing and analysing Iranian women’s poetry; most of the critical studies that do exist were completed in the last three decades after the Revolution in 1979.