Did Economic Sanctions Cause Inequality in the US-Iran Relations?
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A WAY FORWARD with IRAN? Options for Crafting a U.S. Strategy
A WAY FORWARD WITH IRAN? Options for Crafting a U.S. Strategy THE SOUFAN CENTER FEBRUARY 2021 A WAY FORWARD WITH IRAN? OPTIONS FOR CRAFTING A U.S. STRATEGY A WAY FORWARD WITH IRAN? Options for Crafting a U.S. Strategy THE SOUFAN CENTER FEBRUARY 2021 Cover photo: Associated Press Photo/Photographer: Mohammad Berno 2 A WAY FORWARD WITH IRAN? OPTIONS FOR CRAFTING A U.S. STRATEGY CONTENTS List of Abbreviations 4 List of Figures 5 Key Findings 6 How Did We Reach This Point? 7 Roots of the U.S.-Iran Relationship 9 The Results of the Maximum Pressure Policy 13 Any Change in Iranian Behavior? 21 Biden Administration Policy and Implementation Options 31 Conclusion 48 Contributors 49 About The Soufan Center 51 3 A WAY FORWARD WITH IRAN? OPTIONS FOR CRAFTING A U.S. STRATEGY LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BPD Barrels Per Day FTO Foreign Terrorist Organization GCC Gulf Cooperation Council IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency ICBM Intercontinental Ballistic Missile IMF International Monetary Fund IMSC International Maritime Security Construct INARA Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act INSTEX Instrument for Supporting Trade Exchanges IRGC Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps IRGC-QF Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps - Qods Force JCPOA Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action MBD Million Barrels Per Day PMF Popular Mobilization Forces SRE Significant Reduction Exception 4 A WAY FORWARD WITH IRAN? OPTIONS FOR CRAFTING A U.S. STRATEGY LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Iran Annual GDP Growth and Change in Crude Oil Exports 18 Figure 2: Economic Effects of Maximum Pressure 19 Figure 3: Armed Factions Supported by Iran 25 Figure 4: Comparison of Iran Nuclear Program with JCPOA Limitations 28 5 A WAY FORWARD WITH IRAN? OPTIONS FOR CRAFTING A U.S. -
Jcc Iran Bg Final
31ST ANNUAL HORACE MANN MODEL UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE OCTOBER 22, 2016 JCC: IRAN IRANIAN HOSTAGE CRISIS JAMES CHANG & MEHR SURI GEORGE LOEWENSON CHAIR MODERATORS TABLE OF CONTENTS LETTER FROM THE SECRETARIAT 3 LETTER FROM THE CHAIR 4 COMMITTEE BACKGROUND 5 COMMITTEE PROCEDURE 6 THE IRANIAN HOSTAGE CRISIS 9 OVERVIEW OF THE TOPIC 9 HISTORY 9 CURRENT SITUATION 14 POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS 17 QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER 18 POSITIONS 18 SOURCES 25 Horace Mann Model United Nations Conference 2 LETTER FROM THE SECRETARIAT Dahlia Krutkovich DEAR DELEGATES, Isabella Muti Henry Shapiro Secretaries-General Welcome to Horace Mann's 31st annual Model United Nations Daniel Frackman conference, HoMMUNC XXXI! Since 1985, HoMMUNC has Maya Klaris engaged the future leaders of the world in a day full of learning, Noah Shapiro Directors-General debate, and compromise. The conference brings together intellectually curious high school and middle school students to Charles Gay Zachary Gaynor contemplate and discuss serious global concerns. We are honored Ananya Kumar-Banarjee to have inherited the responsibility of preparing this event for Livia Mann over 1000 students that will participate in HoMMUNC XXXI. William Scherr Audrey Shapiro Benjamin Shapiro Regardless of your age or experience in Model UN, we challenge Senior Executive Board you to remain engaged in the discourse of your committees and Joshua Doolan truly involve yourself in the negotiation process. Each committee Jenna Freidus Samuel Harris is comprised of an eclectic group of delegates and will address Charles Hayman and important global concern. Take this opportunity to delve deep Valerie Maier Radhika Mehta into that problem: educate yourself think innovatively to create Evan Megibow the best solutions, and lead the committee to a resolution that Jada Yang Under-Secretaries- could better the world. -
Iran and the Soft Aw R Monroe Price University of Pennsylvania, [email protected]
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Departmental Papers (ASC) Annenberg School for Communication 2012 Iran and the Soft aW r Monroe Price University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers Part of the Social Influence and Political Communication Commons Recommended Citation Price, M. (2012). Iran and the Soft aW r. International Journal of Communication, 6 2397-2415. Retrieved from https://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers/732 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers/732 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Iran and the Soft aW r Disciplines Communication | Social and Behavioral Sciences | Social Influence and Political Communication This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers/732 International Journal of Communication 6 (2012), Feature 2397–2415 1932–8036/2012FEA0002 Iran and the Soft War MONROE PRICE University of Pennsylvania The events of the Arab Spring instilled in many authorities the considerable fear that they could too easily lose control over the narratives of legitimacy that undergird their power. 1 This threat to national power was already a part of central thinking in Iran. Their reaction to the Arab Spring was especially marked because of a long-held feeling that strategic communicators from outside the state’s borders were purposely reinforcing domestic discontent. I characterize strategic communications as, most dramatically, investment by an external source in methods to alter basic elements of a societal consensus. In this essay, I want to examine what this process looks like from what might be called the “inside,” the view from the perspective of the target society. -
October 19-October 25) ______
Presents International Events and Opportunities Newsletter (Weeks of October 19-October 25) __________________________________________________________________________________________ The Ethics in Science Lecture Series Presents Arming Mother Nature: The Birth of Catastrophic Environmentalism Presented by Jacob Hamblin, Ph.D., Oregon State University Friday, October 18, 2013 11:00 A.M. - 12:30 P.M. University of Houston 232 Philip G. Hoffman Hall Professor Hamblin argues that military planning for World War III essentially created "catastrophic environmentalism": the idea that human activity might cause global natural disasters. This awareness, Hamblin shows, emerged out of dark ambitions, as governments poured funds into environmental science after World War II, searching for ways to harness natural processes in order to gain military advantage. Proposals included the use of nuclear weapons to create artiNicial tsunamis or melt the ice caps to drown coastal cities; setting Nire to vast expanses of vegetation; and changing local climates. This work raised questions that went beyond the goal of weaponizing nature. "Perhaps one of the surprises is not how little was known about environmental change, but rather how much," Hamblin maintains. Please visit the Ethics in Science website for more information. The Asian American Student Center Presents “iCount: A Data Quality Movement for Asian American and PaciNic Islanders” Presented by Dr. Robert Tarnish October 23, 2013 12:30-2:00 p.m. in the Kiva of Farish Hall A light lunch will be served. Please contact Elizabeth Gonzales at [email protected] for more information. Our lecture’s motto – Every student counts! Making every student visible! – is adopted from the National Commission on Asian American and PaciNic Islander Research in Education. -
Iran and the Islamic Revolution International Relations 1802Q Brown University Fall 2018
Iran and the Islamic Revolution International Relations 1802Q Brown University Fall 2018 Instructor: Stephen Kinzer Office: Watson Institute, Room 308 Office Hours: Wednesdays 10-12 Email: [email protected] Class Meeting: Wednesdays 3-5:30, Watson Institute 112 Course Description The overthrow of Mohammad Reza Shah in 1979 and the subsequent emergence of the Islamic Republic of Iran shook the Middle East and reshaped global politics. These events have continued to reverberate for four decades, in ways that no one could have predicted. Hostility between the US and Iran has remained almost constant during this period. Yet despite the growing importance of Iran, few Americans know much about the country or its modern history. The shattering events of 1978-80 in Iran unfolded against the backdrop of the previous decades of Iranian history, so knowing that history is essential to understanding what has become known as the Islamic Revolution. Nor can the revolution be appreciated without studying the enormous effects it has had over the last 39 years. This seminar will place the anti-Shah movement and the rise of religious power in the context of Iran's century of modern history. We will conclude by focusing on today's Iran, including the upheaval that followed the 2009 election, the election of a reformist president in 2013, the breakthrough nuclear deal of 2015, and the United States’ withdrawal from the deal three years later. This seminar is unfolding as the United States launches a multi-faceted global campaign against Iran. Given the urgency of this escalating crisis, we will devote a portion of every class to discussion of the past week’s events. -
Antarctica a Dream Destination Opposition Calls for Elected Govt
NEWS SUNDAY, APRIL 13, 2014 Iran not considering alternative UN pick Continued from Page 1 Obama’s desk on Thursday. Carney did the nomination, but Araqchi’s comments not say whether Obama would eventual- yesterday appeared to indicate that such Mohammad Javad Zarif to write to UN ly sign it, but he added: “We certainly a step is not a palatable option for Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon to fight share the intent of the bill passed by President Hassan Rouhani’s government. the US decision. Congress.” Aboutalebi, who currently heads The visa row poses a challenge to US The bill amends a section of the exist- Rouhani’s political affairs bureau, has President Barack Obama’s drive for a ing Foreign Relations Authorisations Act insisted he was not part of the hostage- diplomatic breakthrough and a global to allow Washington to withhold visas for taking in Nov 1979, when an Islamist stu- deal over Iran’s disputed nuclear pro- individuals who have “engaged in a ter- dent group seized the US embassy nine gram. Aboutalebi is a former ambassador rorist activity against the United States”. months after the overthrow of the pro- to Australia, Italy and Belgium. As the Carney said there was no reason to Western shah. host government, the United States is expect that the row between Tehran and Some of the former hostage takers are obliged to issue visas to diplomats who Washington over the envoy would now moderates or reformers, including serve at the United Nations. It is believed impact progress in talks between Iran Vice President for Environmental Affairs that Washington has never previously and world powers, including the United Massoumeh Ebtekar, one of three denied a visa for a UN ambassador, States, over Tehran’s nuclear activities. -
US-Iraq Relations, Oil, and the Struggle for the Persian Gulf Alexander Alamovich Navruzov Concordia University - Portland, [email protected]
Concordia University - Portland CU Commons Undergraduate Theses Spring 2019 A Cynical Enterprise: US-Iraq Relations, Oil, and the Struggle for the Persian Gulf Alexander Alamovich Navruzov Concordia University - Portland, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.cu-portland.edu/theses Part of the History Commons CU Commons Citation Navruzov, Alexander Alamovich, "A Cynical Enterprise: US-Iraq Relations, Oil, and the Struggle for the Persian Gulf" (2019). Undergraduate Theses. 182. https://commons.cu-portland.edu/theses/182 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by CU Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Theses by an authorized administrator of CU Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Cynical Enterprise: US-Iraq Relations, Oil, and the Struggle for the Persian Gulf A senior thesis submitted to The Department of Humanities College of Arts and Sciences In partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Arts degree in History by Alexander Alamovich Navruzov Faculty Supervisor _________________________________________ ______________ Dr. Joel Davis Date Department Chair __________________________________________ _____________ Dr. Kimberly Knutsen Date Dean, College of Arts & Sciences ____________________________________________ _____________ Dr. Michael Thomas Date Provost ____________________________________________________ ____________ Dr. Michelle Cowing Date Concordia University Portland, Oregon April, -
Implementing the Iran Nuclear Deal: a Status Report
Implementing the Iran Nuclear Deal: A Status Report Middle East Report N°173 | 16 January 2017 Headquarters International Crisis Group Avenue Louise 149 • 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 • Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. So Far, so Good? ............................................................................................................... 3 A. Nuclear Commitments ............................................................................................... 3 B. Sanctions Relief Commitments ................................................................................. 5 C. Transactional, not Transformational ........................................................................ 10 III. If it Ain’t Broke, Don’t Fix it ............................................................................................. 12 IV. Sustaining and Improving the JCPOA ............................................................................. 17 V. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 21 APPENDICES A. Map of Iran ...................................................................................................................... -
The Long Road to Tehran the Iran Nuclear Deal in Perspective
THE LONG ROAD TO TEHRAN THE IRAN NUCLEAR DEAL IN PERSPECTIVE BRYAN R. GIBSON STRATEGIC UPDATE 15.6 DECEMBER 2015 THE AUTHOR Bryan R. Gibson holds a PhD in International History from the London School of Economics, was a post- doctoral research fellow at the LSE’s Centre for Diplomacy and Strategy, and an instructor on Middle Eastern politics in the LSE’s Department of International History and the University of East Anglia’s Department of Political, Social and International Studies (PSI). He has taught undergraduate courses on U.S. and British politics toward the Gulf region, the Arab-Israeli conflict, and Arab nationalism, winning a departmental teaching excellence award in 2011. He also taught undergraduate and postgraduate courses on Middle Eastern politics at the University of East Anglia. He is the author of Sold Out? US Foreign Policy, Iraq, the Kurds, and the Cold War (Palgrave Macmillan, 2015), Covert Relationship: U.S. Foreign Policy, Intelligence and the Iran-Iraq War (Praeger, 2010), and co-edited with Professor Nigel Ashton, The Iran- Iraq War: New International Perspectives (Routledge, 2012). He also contributes regularly to publications dealing with Middle Eastern issues, like Foreign Policy, Middle East Eye, CNN, and Huffington Post. His research focuses on foreign policy decision- making with respect to the Middle East and Gulf regions. Specifically, he analyses U.S. foreign policy toward Iraq, Iran, and the Gulf. Gibson 1 THE LONG ROAD TO TEHRAN THE IRAN NUCLEAR DEAL IN PERSPECTIVE The history of the Iranian nuclear issue is littered with missed opportunities. It is a history in which fixation on the perfect crowded out the good, and in whose rearview mirror we can see deals that look a lot better now than they seemed then. -
Official Journal C 81 Volume 39 of the European Communities 19 March 1996
ISSN 0378-6986 Official Journal C 81 Volume 39 of the European Communities 19 March 1996 English edition Information and Notices Notice No Contents Page I Information Council and Commission 96/C 81 /01 Mission of third countries 1 Commission 96/C 81 /02 Ecu 5 96/C 81 /03 List of documents forwarded by the Commission to the Council during the period 4 to 8 . 3 . 1996 6 96/C 81 /04 Authorization for State aid pursuant to Articles 92 and 93 of the EC Treaty — Cases where the Commission raises no objections 8 96/C 81 /05 Appointment of the members for the fifth term of office of the Scientific Advisory Committee to examine the toxicity and ecotoxicity of chemical compounds 12 96/C 81 /06 Prior notification of a concentration ( Case No IV/M.722 — Teneo/Merill Lynch/ Bankers Trust) ( x ) 13 EN i (') Text with EEA relevance (Continued overleaf) Notice No Contents (continued) Page II Preparatory Acts Commission 96/C 81 /07 Amended proposal for a Council Directive amending Directive 85 /337/EEC on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment O 14 III Notices Commission 96/C 81 /08 Outcome of the invitation to tender (Community food aid) 18 96/C 81 /09 European economic interest grouping — Notices published pursuant to Council Regulation (EEC) No 2137/ 85 of 25 July 1985 — Formation 19 96/C 81 / 10 Study on the free movement of goods — Post-information notice 19 96/C 81 / 11 Purchase of an armour-plated all-roads vehicle for patrol duty — Restricted procedure 20 96/C 81 / 12 Revision , maintenance and -
Senate Commerce Committee Republican Members: Democratic Members: Thune, John (SD), Chairman Nelson, Bill (FL), Ranking Member Wicker, Roger F
Senate Commerce Committee Republican Members: Democratic Members: Thune, John (SD), Chairman Nelson, Bill (FL), Ranking Member Wicker, Roger F. (MS) Cantwell, Maria (WA) Blunt, Roy (MO) Klobuchar, Amy (MN) Cruz, Ted (TX) Blumenthal, Richard (CT) Fischer, Deb (NE) Schatz, Brian (HI) Moran, Jerry (KS) Markey, Edward J. (MA) Sullivan, Dan (AK) Udall, Tom (NM) Heller, Dean (NV) Peters, Gary C. (MI) Inhofe, James M. (OK) Baldwin, Tammy (WI) Lee, Mike (UT) Duckworth, Tammy (IL) Johnson, Ron (WI) Hassan, Margaret Wood (NH) CaPito, Shelley Moore (WV) Cortez Masto, Catherine (NV) Gardner, Cory (CO) Tester, Jon (Montana) Young, Todd (IN) John Thune CHAIRMAN (56) R-SD elected 2004 United States Senate SD-511 Phone: (202) 224-2321 Director of Scheduling: [email protected] [email protected] Chief of Staff: Brendon Plack [email protected] Telecommunications Legislative Aide: [email protected] Health Legislative Correspondent: [email protected] Senior Policy Advisor Agriculture, Environment [email protected] Committees and Subcommittees: Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Senate Subcommittee on Commodities, Risk Management and Trade Senate Subcommittee on Livestock, Marketing and Agriculture Security Senate Subcommittee on Rural DeveloPment and Energy Bios Senate Commerce Committee – 115th Congress 1 Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation Senate Subcommittee on Aviation OPerations, Safety, and Security Senate Subcommittee on Communications, -
The Strategic Gap : عوﺿوﻣﻟا مﺳا How Does Iran Benefit from the Gulf ﻋﻧوان
The Strategic Gap : ωϭοϭϣϟϡγ How does Iran Benefit from the Gulf : ωϭοϭϣϟϥϭϧϋ Crisis? 06/07/2017 : έηϧϟΦϳέΎΗ ϲϓϭλϟϥΎϔϠΧΩϣΣϣ : ΏΗΎϛϟϡγ : ωϭοϭϣϟ With the eruption of any crisis in the Middle East, a state of anticipation reigns over how the Iranian regime will exploit this crisis in its favor. This has happened a lot particularly considering Tehran¶s relation with a number of sectarian organizations in some Arab countries like Hezbollah in Lebanon and the Houthi militia in Yemen. However, the situation seems different in terms of the current crisis between Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain and Egypt on one hand, and Qatar on another. This time the crisis is on the state-level, rather than an organization or a militia like previous times. Therefore, the expected repercussions will be more severe and different on the Gulf Cooperation Council, which is considered the most coherent system in the Arab world on the level of confronting Iran¶s regional ambitions.One must note that Iran and Qatar practice the same policy, which is the ³game of contradictions.´Therefore, both of them cannot trust each other. This indicates that any agreement between them remains tactical, and would only serves them for a short period, rather than having a long-term strategic agreement. Iran¶s Pragmatism There are two remarks to consider regarding the layout of Iranian-Arab relations. The first one is that Iran always seeks to exploit any disagreements that occur in the region either among countries or within groups in a single country.