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Ghazni of Afghanistan Issue: 2 Mohammad Towfiq Rahmani Month: October Miniature Department, Faculty of Fine Arts, Herat University, Herat, Afghanistan
SHANLAX International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities s han lax # S I N C E 1 9 9 0 OPEN ACCESS Artistic Characters and Applied Materials of Buddhist Temples in Kabul Volume: 7 and Tapa Sardar (Sardar Hill) Ghazni of Afghanistan Issue: 2 Mohammad Towfiq Rahmani Month: October Miniature Department, Faculty of Fine Arts, Herat University, Herat, Afghanistan Year: 2019 Abstract Kabul and Ghazni Buddhist Temple expresses Kushani Buddhist civilization in Afghanistan and also reflexes Buddhist religion’s thoughts at the era with acquisitive moves. The aim of this article P-ISSN: 2321-788X is introducing artistic characters of Kabul Buddhist temples and Tapa Sardar Hill of Ghazni Buddhist Temple in which shows abroad effects of Buddhist religion in Afghanistan history and the importance of this issue is to determine characters of temple style with applied materials. The E-ISSN: 2582-0397 results of this research can present character of Buddhist Temples in Afghanistan, thoughts of establishment and artificial difference with applied materials. Received: 12.09.2019 Buddhist religion in Afghanistan penetrated and developed based on Mahayana religious thoughts. Artistic work of Kabul and Tapa Sardar Hill of Ghazni Buddhist Temples are different from the point of artistic style and material applied; Bagram Artistic works are made in style of Garico Accepted: 19.09.2019 Buddhic and Garico Kushan but Tapa Narenj Hill artistic works are made based on Buddhist regulation and are seen as ethnical and Hellenistic style. There are similarities among Bagram Published: 01.10.2019 and Tapa Sardar Hill of Ghani Buddhist Temples but most differentiates are set on statues in which Tapa Sardar Hill of Ghazni statue is lied in which is different from sit and stand still statues of Bagram. -
Mughal Warfare
1111 2 3 4 5111 Mughal Warfare 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3111 Mughal Warfare offers a much-needed new survey of the military history 4 of Mughal India during the age of imperial splendour from 1500 to 1700. 5 Jos Gommans looks at warfare as an integrated aspect of pre-colonial Indian 6 society. 7 Based on a vast range of primary sources from Europe and India, this 8 thorough study explores the wider geo-political, cultural and institutional 9 context of the Mughal military. Gommans also details practical and tech- 20111 nological aspects of combat, such as gunpowder technologies and the 1 animals used in battle. His comparative analysis throws new light on much- 2 contested theories of gunpowder empires and the spread of the military 3 revolution. 4 As the first original analysis of Mughal warfare for almost a century, this 5 will make essential reading for military specialists, students of military history 6 and general Asian history. 7 8 Jos Gommans teaches Indian history at the Kern Institute of Leiden 9 University in the Netherlands. His previous publications include The Rise 30111 of the Indo-Afghan Empire, 1710–1780 (1995) as well as numerous articles 1 on the medieval and early modern history of South Asia. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40111 1 2 3 44111 1111 Warfare and History 2 General Editor 3 Jeremy Black 4 Professor of History, University of Exeter 5 6 Air Power in the Age of Total War The Soviet Military Experience 7 John Buckley Roger R. -
Middlemen and Marcher States in Central Asia and East/West Empire Synchrony Christopher Chase-Dunn, Thomas D
Middlemen and marcher states in Central Asia and East/West Empire Synchrony Christopher Chase-Dunn, Thomas D. Hall, Richard Niemeyer, Alexis Alvarez, Hiroko Inoue, Kirk Lawrence, Anders Carlson, Benjamin Fierro, Matthew Kanashiro, Hala Sheikh-Mohamed and Laura Young Institute for Research on World-Systems University of California-Riverside Draft v.11 -1-06, 8365 words Abstract: East, West, Central and South Asia originally formed somewhat separate cultural zones and networks of interaction among settlements and polities, but during the late Bronze and early Iron Ages these largely separate regional systems came into increasing interaction with one another. Central Asian nomadic steppe pastoralist polities and agricultural oasis settlements mediated the East/West and North/South interactions. Earlier research has discovered that the growth/decline phases of empires in East and West Asia became synchronous around 140 BCE and that this synchrony lasted until about 1800 CE. This paper develops the comparative world-systems perspective on Central Asia and examines the growth and decline of settlements, empires and steppe confederations in Central Asia to test the hypothesis that the East/West empire synchrony may have been caused by linkages that occurred with and across Central Asia. To be presented at the Research Conference on Middlemen Co-sponsored by the All-UC Economic History and All-UC World History Groups, November 3-5, 2006, UCSD IROWS Working Paper #30. http://irows.ucr.edu/papers/irows30/irows30.htm This paper is part of a larger research project on “Measuring and modeling cycles of state formation, decline and upward sweeps since the Bronze Age” NSF-SES 057720 http://irows.ucr.edu/research/citemp/citemp.html Earlier research has demonstrated a curious East/West synchrony from 140 BCE to 1800 CE. -
Orhun Türkçesi Ders Notlari
TÜRK DİLİ VE EDEBİYATI BÖLÜMÜ ______________________________________ ORHUN TÜRKÇESİ DERS NOTLARI ___________________________ 2. Sınıf - 1. Dönem ___________________________ İsa SARI www.isa-sari.com GÖKTÜRK DEVLET İ nezaret eden, Köl Tiginle Bilge’nin ye ğeni Yollug Tigindir. Türk edebiyatının sanatkârane üslupla 552 yılında kurulmu ştur. 630 yılında Do ğu Göktürk yazılmı ş ilk eseridir. Ka ğanlı ğı Çin tutsaklı ğına girmi ş ve 682 yılında kurtulmu ştur. 6. İkinci Orhun (Bilge Ka ğan) A. GÖKTÜRK BENGÜ TA ŞLARI 24 Eylül 735 tarihinde, Bilge Ka ğan’ın o ğlu Te ŋri Ka ğan tarafından diktirilmi ştir. Bilge Ka ğan anıtının 1. Çoyr büyük bölümü Köl Tigin anıtındaki metinle aynıdır. Sadece Köl Tigin’in bulunmadı ğı olaylar Bilge Ka ğan Tarihi bilinen ve bugüne ula şan en eski Türk yazıtı anıtında farklıdır; bunlar da çok azdır. Çoyr yazıtıdır. Bir Köktürk erinin İlteri ş’e katıldı ğını anlatan yazıt, 687-692 yılları arasında dikilmi ştir ve Bu bengü ta şında da Bumın ve İstemi Ka ğan altı satırdan olu şmaktadır. zamanlarındaki şevket devri, Çin’e nasıl tutsak olundu ğu, Çin esaretinden nasıl kurtulundu ğu, Bilge 2. Ongin (I şbara Tamgan Tarkan) Ka ğan’ın sava şları ve Türk milleti için yaptıkları anlatılmaktadır. 719-720 tarihlerinde dikilmi ş olan on dokuz satırlık Ongin anıtı, Bilge I şbara Tamgan Tarkan adlı bir KONUYLA İLG İLİ ÇALI ŞMALAR beyin ve babası İl İtmi ş Yabgu’nun, İlteri ş ve Bilge Ka ğan zamanlarında Türk milleti için nasıl Orta Asya Türk tarihi mütehassıslarından olan çalı ştıklarını ve dü şmanla sava ştıklarını anlatır. Fransız Türkolog René Giraud 1961’de Tonyukuk abidesinin mükemmel bir ne şrini hazırlar: Bain- 3. -
Silk Road Small Group Tour for Seniors | Odyssey Traveller
Australia 1300 888 225 New Zealand 0800 440 055 [email protected] From $15,750 AUD Single Room $18,750 AUD Twin Room $15,750 AUD Prices valid until 30th December 2021 29 days Duration China, Kyrgyzstan Destination Level 2 - Moderate Activity Travel on the Silk Road with Odyssey Traveller | Small Group Tour for Seniors May 09 2022 to Jun 06 2022 Silk Road Small Group Tour Odyssey Traveller’s 29-day fully escorted small group Silk Road tours for seniors take you on a journey across the Eurasian steppe, tracing the ancient trade routes collectively known as the Silk Road. This guided small group tour is for couples and solo travellers, it follows the Silk road across three countries, China , Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan . Some Silk road travel tours only offer the China Silk road tour , this is not one of them. Our next departure will be Silk road tours 2021, along this trade route , we last ran the silk road tours 2019 . The pandemic Travel on the Silk Road with Odyssey Traveller | Small Group Tour for Seniors 02-Oct-2021 1/19 https://www.odysseytraveller.com.au Australia 1300 888 225 New Zealand 0800 440 055 [email protected] prevented silk road tours 2020 from operating along the ancient silk road. The ancient Silk Road facilitated a two-way exchange of goods and ideas and led to the prosperity of cities supplying the routes’ ports and markets of trade. The UNESCO World heritage site has a full list of the Silk Road cities , which includes Guangzhou and Xi’an ( China ), Isfahan ( Iran ), Bukhara and Samarkand ( Uzbekistan ), Jeddah (Saudi Arabia), Baku(Azerbaijan), Almaty ( Kazakhstan ), and Venice (Italy), these emerging cities show today how the silk road an ancient world of adventure built ancient China and the regions beyond through the trade of desired goods in both directions. -
IBEF Presentataion
WEST BENGAL CULTURALLY ARTISTIC For updated information, please visit www.ibef.org July 2017 Table of Content Executive Summary .…………….….……...3 Advantage State ...………………………….4 Vision 2022 …………..……..…………..…..5 West Bengal – An Introduction …….……....6 Annual Budget 2015-16 ……………………18 Infrastructure Status ..................................19 Business Opportunities ……..…………......42 Doing Business in West Bengal …...……...63 State Acts & Policies ….….………..............68 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY One of the largest state . West Bengal, India’s 6th largest economy, had a gross state domestic product (GSDP) of US$ 140.56 billion economies in 2016-17. The state’s GSDP grew at a CAGR of 10.42% during 2005-16. Kolkata as the next IT . By 2015-16, 8 IT parks located at Barjora, Rajarhat, Asansol, Durgapur Phase II, Bolpur, Siliguri Phase II, Puralia & Kharagpur started operating. Establishment of 7 new IT parks at Haldia, Krishnanagar, Kalyani, hub Bantala, Taratala, Howrah, Malda is expected to start soon in next 5 years. Major producer of . In 2016-17, West Bengal was the 2nd largest producer of potato in India, accounting for about 25.06% of the potato country’s potato output. The state’s potato production stood at 11 million tonnes in 2016-17. West Bengal is the largest producer of rice in India. In 2016-17, rice production in West Bengal totalled to Largest rice producer 16.2 million tonnes, which is expected to cross 17 million tonnes by 2017. West Bengal is the 3rd largest state in India in term of mineral production, accounting for about one-fifth of Coal rich state total mineral production. Coal accounts for 99% of extracted minerals. Source: Statistics of West Bengal, Government of West Bengal 3 WEST BENGAL For updated information, please visit www.ibef.org ADVANTAGE: WEST BENGAL 2014-15 Geographic and cost advantage Rich labour pool 2022-23 T . -
Water Conflict Management and Cooperation Between Afghanistan and Pakistan
Journal of Hydrology 570 (2019) 875–892 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Hydrology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jhydrol Research papers Water conflict management and cooperation between Afghanistan and T Pakistan ⁎ Said Shakib Atefa, , Fahima Sadeqinazhadb, Faisal Farjaadc, Devendra M. Amatyad a Founder and Transboundary Water Expert in Green Social Research Organization (GSRO), Kabul, Afghanistan b AZMA the Vocational Institute, Afghanistan c GSRO, Afghanistan d USDA Forest Service, United States ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT This manuscript was handled by G. Syme, Managing water resource systems usually involves conflicts. Water recognizes no borders, defining the global Editor-in-Chief, with the assistance of Martina geopolitics of water conflicts, cooperation, negotiations, management, and resource development. Negotiations Aloisie Klimes, Associate Editor to develop mechanisms for two or more states to share an international watercourse involve complex networks of Keywords: natural, social and political system (Islam and Susskind, 2013). The Kabul River Basin presents unique cir- Water resources management cumstances for developing joint agreements for its utilization, rendering moot unproductive discussions of the Transboundary water management rights of upstream and downstream states based on principles of absolute territorial sovereignty or absolute Conflict resolution mechanism territorial integrity (McCaffrey, 2007). This paper analyses the different stages of water conflict transformation Afghanistan -
Tonyukuk and Turkic State Ideology “Mangilik
THE TONYUKUK AND AN ANCIENT TURK’S STATE IDEOLOGY OF “MANGILIK EL” PJAEE, 17 (6) (2020) THE TONYUKUK AND AN ANCIENT TURK’S STATE IDEOLOGY OF “MANGILIK EL” Nurtas B. SMAGULOV, PhD student of the of the Department of Kazakhstan History, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kazakhstan, [email protected] Aray K. ZHUNDIBAYEVA, PhD, Head of the Department of Kazakh literature, accociate professor of the Department of Kazakh literature, Shakarim state University of Semey (SSUS), (State University named after Shakarim of city Semey), Kazakhstan, [email protected] Satay M. SIZDIKOV, Doctor of historical science, professor of the Department of Turkology, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kazakhstan, [email protected] Arap S. YESPENBETOV, Doctor of philological science, professor of the Department of Kazakh literature, Shakarim state University of Semey (SSUS), (State University named after Shakarim of city Semey), Kazakhstan, [email protected] Ardak K. KAPYSHEV, Candidate of historical science, accociate professor of the Department of International Relations, History and Social Work, Abay Myrzkhmetov Kokshetau University, Kazakhstan, [email protected] Nurtas B. SMAGULOV, Aray K. ZHUNDIBAYEVA, Satay M. SIZDIKOV, Arap S. YESPENBETOV, Ardak K. KAPYSHEV: The Tonyukuk And An Ancient Turk’s State Ideology Of “Mangilik El” -- Palarch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt/Egyptology 17(6). ISSN 1567-214x ABSTRACT Purpose of the study. Studying and evaluating the activities of Tonykuk, who was the state adviser to the Second Turkic Kaganate, the main ideologist responsible for the ideological activities of the Kaganate from 682 to 745, is an urgent problem of historical science. In the years 646-725 he worked as an adviser on political and cultural issues of the three Kagan. -
New Light on Manichaeism Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies
New Light on Manichaeism Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies Editors Stephen Emmel & Johannes van Oort Editorial Board H. W. Attridge – R. Cameron – A. D. DeConick W.-P. Funk – I. Gardner – C. W. Hedrick S. N. C. Lieu – P. Nagel – B. A. Pearson S. G. Richter – J. M. Robinson – K. Rudolph M. Scopello – W. Sundermann – G. Wurst VOLUME 64 New Light on Manichaeism Papers from the Sixth International Congress on Manichaeism Organized by The International Association of Manichaean Studies Edited by Jason David BeDuhn LEIDEN • BOSTON 2009 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data International Conference on Manichaeism (6th : 2005 : Flagstaff, Ariz.) New light on Manichaeism : papers from the sixth International Congress on Manichaeism ; organized by the International Association of Manichaean Studies / edited by Jason David BeDuhn. p. cm. — (Nag Hammadi and Manichaean studies) Includes index. ISBN 978-90-04-17285-2 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Manichaeism—Congresses. I. BeDuhn, Jason. II. Title. III. Series. BT1410.158 2005 299’.932—dc22 2008050516 ISSN 0929-2470 ISBN 978 90 04 17285 2 Copyright 2009 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. -
Askerî Târîh Açısından Köl Tigin Köl Tigin from a Military History
GÜ, Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt 26, Sayı 1 (2006) 203-226 Askerî Târîh Açısından Köl Tigin Köl Tigin From A Military History Perspective H. İhsan ERKOÇ Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, Ankara-TÜRKİYE ÖZET Bu çalışmamızda 684/685-731 yılları arasında bir Gök Türk ileri geleni olarak yaşamış olan Köl Tigin’in askerî yaşantısı incelenmiştir. Köl Tigin birçok sefere ve meydân savaşına katılarak savaşmıştır. Kuzey Çin’de Çinlilerle; Orta Asya’da Kırgızlarla, Karluklarla, Azlarla, Dokuz Oğuzlarla ve On Oklarla çarpışmıştır. Bunların dışında ayrıca 716’da kanlı bir darbeyle yeğenini tahttan indirerek, ağabeyini yönetime getirmiştir. Kendi adına dikilen yazıtta yaptığı savaşlar ayrıntılarıyla anlatılmıştır. Ağabeyi Bilge Kagan’ın saltanatı döneminde ise başkomutan ve Tölis Şadı olarak görev yapmıştır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Köl Tigin, Ordu, Komutan, Gök Türkler, Tang Sülâlesi, Dokuz Oğuzlar ABSTRACT In this work, the military life of Köl Tigin has been studied, who lived as a Gök Turk noble during 684/685-731. Köl Tigin joined and fought in many campaigns and battles. He fought with the Chinese in Northern China; with Qïrghïz, Qarluqs, Az, Toquz Oghuz and On Oq in Central Asia. Apart from these, he also removed his cousin from the throne with a bloody coup d’état in 716 and he brought his brother to power. His battles have been described in detail in his inscription. He served as the commander-in-chief and as the Tölis Shadï during the reign of his brother Bilge Qaghan. Keywords: Köl Tigin, Army, Commander, Gök Turks, Tang Dynasty, Toquz Oghuz 204 GÜ, Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, Cilt 26, Sayı 1 (2006) 203-226 1. -
The Pamir Highway: from the Tien Shan to the High Pamirs 2020
The Pamir Highway: From the Tien Shan to the High Pamirs 2020 ! The Pamir Highway: From the Tien Shan to the High Pamirs The Silk Road Less Traveled from Kyrgyzstan to Tajikistan One Departure in 2020 – Explorer Series – 18 Days July 13-30, 2020 Join a fascinating and adventurous journey through two of the most remote and rarely explored countries in Central Asia – Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Begin in the Kyrgyz capital, Bishkek, then drive out into the rolling countryside to explore the region’s high altitude lakes and spectacular snow-capped peaks. Visit with families in their traditional yurts to get a feel for the nomadic way of life, attending demonstrations of cooking, felt-making, and yurt-building, and discovering thrilling ancient horse games such as kok-boru, the Kyrgyz variant of polo. Cross into Tajikistan, and set off on a breathtaking overland route through jagged mountains and plunging valleys along one of the world’s most scenic drives, the Pamir Highway. Experience the majestic and hauntingly beautiful landscape of the Wakhan Corridor, where Silk Road merchants and “Great Game” players used to tread, and enjoy conversations and home-cooked meals with local Tajiks in their timeless mountain villages before descending down into the lively capital, Dushanbe. © 1996-2020 MIR Corporation 85 South Washington St, Ste. 210, Seattle, WA 98104 • 206-624-7289 • 206-624-7360 FAX • Email [email protected] 2 Daily Itinerary Day 1, Monday, July 13 Arrive Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan Day 2, Tuesday, July 14 Bishkek Day 3, Wednesday, July 15 Bishkek -
Shows a Close Resemblance to Certain Early Mughal Edifices
Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies, Online ISSN 2278-8808, SJIF 2018 = 6.371, www.srjis.com PEER REVIEWED JOURNAL, NOV-DEC, 2018, VOL- 6/48 JAAT-RAJPOOT RULERS AND THE ARCHITECTURE OF DEEG PALACE RAJASTHAN Y N Tripathi1, Ph.D, & Sudeepmala2 1 Associate Professor, Department of History, AGRA COLLEGE AGRA 2 Research Scholar, Department of History, AGRA COLLEGE AGRA E-mail: [email protected] *Corresponding Author Y N Tripathi, Ph.D. Associate Professor, Department of History, AGRA COLLEGE AGRA Abstract Bharatpur in Rajasthan is known for its Jat glorious kings and their kingdoms who ruled the tiny State till recently. Deeg is a 32 kms away town which came into glory much earlier and is privileged to have a huge royal palace which was beautifully managed and partly inhabited by its legitimate inheritors till the year 1970. Deeg had been the pride of the Jat rulers of the time. Deeg Palace is a living testimony to the Jat rulers who fought bravely with the Mughals and Marathas onslaught. In a historical battle, 80,000 odd two armies were battered by the local army led by Raja Suraj Mal. When Raja Suraj Mal moved to Bharatpur, and made it his Capital, it relegated to the second place of the kingdom. Few historians are of the view that most of the stone used was looted from Mughal buildings and made use of in Deeg Palace after their victory. Since Bharatpur and Agra were the nearest places, the developments of these places affected the rule and rulers. Feeling jealous and due to political compulsions, the Deeg had been the centre of invasion by various enemy forces time to time.