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New Light on Manichaeism Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies New Light on Manichaeism Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies Editors Stephen Emmel & Johannes van Oort Editorial Board H. W. Attridge – R. Cameron – A. D. DeConick W.-P. Funk – I. Gardner – C. W. Hedrick S. N. C. Lieu – P. Nagel – B. A. Pearson S. G. Richter – J. M. Robinson – K. Rudolph M. Scopello – W. Sundermann – G. Wurst VOLUME 64 New Light on Manichaeism Papers from the Sixth International Congress on Manichaeism Organized by The International Association of Manichaean Studies Edited by Jason David BeDuhn LEIDEN • BOSTON 2009 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data International Conference on Manichaeism (6th : 2005 : Flagstaff, Ariz.) New light on Manichaeism : papers from the sixth International Congress on Manichaeism ; organized by the International Association of Manichaean Studies / edited by Jason David BeDuhn. p. cm. — (Nag Hammadi and Manichaean studies) Includes index. ISBN 978-90-04-17285-2 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Manichaeism—Congresses. I. BeDuhn, Jason. II. Title. III. Series. BT1410.158 2005 299’.932—dc22 2008050516 ISSN 0929-2470 ISBN 978 90 04 17285 2 Copyright 2009 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands Dedicated to Werner Sundermann wzyšt srtw’ CONTENTS List of Plates ............................................................................... ix Preface ......................................................................................... xi A Religion of Deeds: Scepticism in the Doctrinally Liberal Manichaeism of Faustus and Augustine ................................ 1 Jason David BeDuhn The Conversation of John the Orthodox with a Manichaean: An Analysis of Its Sources and Its Signifi cance for Manichaean Studies ............................................................... 29 Byard Bennett The Mani Logion: “The purifi cation that was spoken about is that which comes through gnosis” (CMC 84, 9–12) ............. 45 Luigi Cirillo Manichaeism Among the Uygurs: The Uygur Khan of the Bokug Clan ............................................................................. 61 Larry Clark Manichaean Time-Management: Laymen between Religious and Secular Duties ................................................................. 73 Iris Colditz Characteristics of Manichaeism in Roman Africa .................... 101 J. Kevin Coyle Mani’s Account of Other Religions According to the Coptic Synaxeis Codex ......................................................................... 115 Wolf-Peter Funk How We Know the Exact Year the Archegos Left Baghdad ... 129 Cyril Glassé viii contents An Experiment in Digital Reconstruction with a Manichaean Book Painting: The Work of the Religion Scene (MIK III 4974 recto) ...................................................... 145 Zsuzsanna Gulácsi The Manichaean Church between Earth and Paradise ........... 169 Claudia Leurini Medieval Manichaean and Nestorian Remains in the Zayton (Quanzhou) of Marco Polo .................................................... 181 Samuel N. C. Lieu Sukhāvatī and the Light-world: Pure Land Elements in the Chinese Manichaean Eulogy of the Light-world ......................... 201 Gunner Mikkelsen ymyn hynd: The Beginning of Mani’s Psalm Wuzurgān Āfrīwan in Parthian and Middle Persian ................................ 213 Enrico Morano A Sogdian Version of Mani’s Letter of the Seal ............................ 225 Christiane Reck Snatches of the Middle Iranian “Tale of the Five Brothers” ... 241 Christiane Reck A Manichaean Collection of Letters and a List of Mani’s Letters in Middle Persian ....................................................... 259 Werner Sundermann Plates Index ........................................................................................... 279 LIST OF PLATES The plates can be found following page 278. Pl. 1 & Figs. 1–10 belong to the article ‘An Experiment in Digital Reconstruction with a Manichaean Book Painting: The Work of the Religion Scene (MIK III 4974 recto)’ by Z. Gulácsi: Pl. 1. The Work of the Religion Scene (MIK III 4794 recto, detail) before and after Digital Reconstruction (actual size: 6.6 cm × 6.1 cm). Figs. 1a–d. Reconstruction Outline of a Turfan Manichaean Illuminated Codex Folio, MIK III 4974 (after Gulacsi 2005, Fig. 5/8). Fig. 2. The Bema Scene. Full-page book painting on MIK III 4949 verso, shown from picture-viewing direction. Reconstruction Line Drawing of a Turfan Manichaean Bookpainting (after Ebert 1994, Fig. 3). Fig. 3. The Work of the Religion Scene. Intracolumnar book-painting on MIK III 4974 verso, shown from picture-viewing direction (after Gulacsi 2001a, Fig. 36.1). Division of Image into Sections to be Reconstructed. Figs. 4a–c. Reconstruction of Section 1 (Footed Bowl with Figs). Figs. 5a–c. Reconstruction of Section 2 (Laymen Holding Books). Figs. 6a–c. Reconstruction of Section 3a (Heads of Male Elects). Figs. 7a–c. Reconstruction of Section 3b (Body of Male Elects). Figs. 8a–c. Reconstruction of Section 4 (Gesturing Left Hand of Elect). Figs. 9a–c. Reconstruction of Section 5 (Vessels of Light). Figs. 10a–c. Reconstruction of Section 6 (Hand of God). Pls. 1 & 2 belong to the article ‘Medieval Manichaean and Nestorian Remains in the Zayton (Quanzhou) of Marco Polo’ by S. N. C. Lieu: Pl. 1. The Manichaean shrine (cao’an) at Huabiao Hill in 2003. (Pho- tograph taken by Ms. Michelle Wilson, offi cial photographer, Mac- quarie University). Pl. 2. The statue of Mani the Buddha of Light inside the shrine. (Photograph taken by Ms. Michelle Wilson, offi cial photographer, Macquarie University). x list of plates Pls. 1–4 belong to the article ‘ ymyn hynd: The Beginning of Mani’s Psalm Wuzurgān Āfrīwan in Parthian and Middle Persian’ by E. Morano: Pl. 1. M608/R & M895/R (Photo: Fotostelle der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Preußischer Kulturbesitz). Pl. 2. Ch/So20501/V/ + Ch/U6546/V/ (Photo: Fotostelle der Sta- atsbibliothek zu Berlin, Preußischer Kulturbesitz). Pl. 3. M379b/R/(right) (Photo: Fotostelle der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Preußischer Kulturbesitz). Pl. 4. M379b/V/(left) (Photo: Fotostelle der Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Preußischer Kulturbesitz). Pls. 1–4 belong to the article ‘A Sogdian Version of Mani’s Letter of the Seal’ by C. Reck: Pl. 1. 1st bifolio (Photo: Berlin State Library). Pl. 2. 2nd bifolio (Photo: Berlin State Library). Pl. 3. 3rd bifolio (Photo: Berlin State Library). Pl. 4. M 1313–M 1312 (Photo: Berlin State Library). Pls. 1–2 belong to the article ‘Snatches of the Middle Iranian “Tale of the Five Brothers” ’ by C. Reck: Pl. 1. So 18058 + So 18197r (Photo: Berlin State Library). Pl. 2. So 18058 + So 18197v (Photo: Berlin State Library). Pls. 1–9 belong to the article ‘A Manichaean Collection of Letters and a List of Mani’s Letters in Middle Persian’ by W. Sundermann: Pl. 1. So 15502/v/. Pl. 2. M 5770 + M 5771 – M 5772 + M 6604/p.1/. Pl. 3. M 5770 + M 5771 – M 5772 + M 6604/p.2/. Pl. 4. M 501p – M 882c + M 1402 + M 9152/p.1/. Pl. 5. M 501p – M 882c + M 1402 + M 9152/p.2/. Pl. 6. M 6935/p.1/. Pl. 7. M 6935/p.2/. Pl. 8. M 6944/p.1/. Pl. 9. M 6944/p.2/. PREFACE The contributions contained in this volume represent research presented at the Sixth International Congress on Manichaean Studies, held under the auspices of the International Association of Manichaean Studies, and under the presidency of Prof. Dr. Johannes van Oort. The IAMS has organized a number of conferences and symposia over the last two decades, including fi ve previous international congresses in Lund, Bonn, Rende-Amantea, Berlin, and Naples. At the latter meeting, held in 2001, the Executive Board of the association brought forward a recommendation that the next international congress be held in North America in 2005. The recommendation was enthusiastically endorsed by the membership of the association and I, just elected as the fi rst North American member of the Executive Board, was given the port- folio of congress convener, an assignment I imagine was in mind when I was nominated for election. For those of us laboring in Manichaean studies in North America, this development was received as an acknowledgment of our place in the larger fi eld, in which European scholars have unquestionably played the predominant role. The roll call of honor of those who have preceded us in this area of research includes only one major American fi gure: Abraham Valentine Williams Jackson. Otherwise, Manichaean studies in North America is very much an endeavor of the current generation. So it was with Jackson’s own hand-annotated copy of F. C. Baur’s Das manichäische Religionssystem close at hand on my shelf that I assumed responsibility for organizing the Sixth International Conference of Manichaean Studies in Flagstaff, Arizona, on the campus of Northern Arizona University. My fl ight back from Naples with this charge was marred by the events of September 11th, 2001, which diverted
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