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Pentadic Redaction in the Manichaean Kephalaia Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies

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Pentadic Redaction in the Manichaean Kephalaia Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies Pentadic Redaction in the Manichaean Kephalaia Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies Editors Einar Thomassen & Johannes van Oort Editorial Board H.W. Attridge – R. Cameron – A.D. DeConick W.-P. Funk – I. Gardner – C.W. Hedrick S.N.C. Lieu – P. Nagel – B.A. Pearson – S.G. Richter, J.M. Robinson – K. Rudolph – M. Scopello W. Sundermann – G. Wurst VOLUME 66 Pentadic Redaction in the Manichaean Kephalaia by Timothy Pettipiece LEIDEN • BOSTON 2009 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pettipiece, Timothy. Pentadic redaction in the Manichaean Kephalaia / by Timothy Pettipiece. p. cm. -- (Nag Hammadi and Manichaean studies, ISSN 0929-2470 ; v. 66) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-17436-8 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Manichaeism. I. Title. II. Series. BT1410.P48 2009 299’.932--dc22 2009004687 ISSN 0929-2470 ISBN 978 90 04 174368 Copyright 2009 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands CONTENTS Acknowledgments ..................................................... ix Abbreviations .......................................................... xi part i pentadic redaction in the manichaean kephalaia Introduction............................................................ 3 Number and Religion in Antiquity ................................ 3 TheManichaeanLoveofNumbers ............................... 5 Out of Obscurity.................................................... 6 The Kephalaia andItsCompilers ................................... 7 Canon and Tradition ............................................... 13 ChapterOne.BasicOntologicalPatterning.......................... 21 TheTwoTreesandtheFiveLimbs................................ 21 ChapterTwo.TheologicalPatterningI:Light-Realm............... 25 TheFacesoftheFather ............................................ 25 TheManySonsofMan............................................ 29 Cosmic Parallelism.................................................. 36 FathersofGreatness ................................................ 42 Chapter Three. Theological Patterning II: Dark-Realm ............ 51 TheEvolutionofEvil............................................... 51 King(s)ofDarkness................................................. 54 AstrologicalPolemic................................................ 62 ChapterFour.OtherFormsOfPatterning........................... 69 SoteriologicalPatterning ........................................... 69 EthicalPatterning................................................... 72 EcclesiologicalPatterning .......................................... 74 vi contents PolemicalPatterning................................................ 75 AetiologicalPatterning ............................................. 76 ConclusionsandImplications......................................... 79 ScholasticRedaction................................................ 79 AdversityandPersecution.......................................... 85 MissionaryExpansion.............................................. 88 Whyfive?............................................................ 89 Whowasresponsible? .............................................. 90 part ii translations from the kephalaia of the teacher [berlin codex] NoteonTranslations .................................................. 95 Chapter 2: The Second, on the Parable of the Tree ................. 97 Chapter 3: The Interpretation of Happiness, Wisdom, and Power; whattheymean..................................................... 103 Chapter 4: On the Four Great Days, which are brought forth fromoneanother;alongwiththeFourNights .................... 105 Chapter 6: On the Five Storehouses that have poured forth from the Land of Darkness from the Beginning; the Five Rulers, the Five Spirits, the Five Bodies, (and) the Five Tastes ................ 108 Chapter 7: TheSeventh,ontheFiveFathers ........................ 112 Chapter 9: The Interpretation of the (Sign of) Peace, what it means;theRightHand,theKiss,theAdoration ................. 115 Chapter 10: On the Meaning of the Fourteen [Great] Aeons, aboutwhichSethelspokein[his]prayer.......................... 120 Chapter 12: On the Meaning of the Five Words which are proclaimed mntparapehout in the Cosmos ........................... 122 Chapter 13: On the Five Saviours, Resurrectors of the Dead, alongwiththeFiveResurrections.................................. 124 Chapter 14: The Meaning of the Silence, the Fast, [the Peace], theDay,[and]theRest;whattheymean.......................... 125 Chapter 15: [Onthe] ... Five[Parts] ... Worldof ................. 127 Chapter 16: [On the Five] Greatnesses which have [come] out againsttheDarkness................................................ 129 contents vii Chapter 18: [On the Five] Wars [which the] Sons of Light waged with[theSons]ofDarkness........................................ 135 Chapter 19: OntheFiveReleases:whattheymean ................. 138 Chapter 20: TheChapterontheNameoftheFathers.............. 141 Chapter 21: On the Father of Greatness, how he is established anddefined.......................................................... 142 Chapter 24: [OntheTimes ...]...................................... 143 Chapter 25: On the Five [Fathers: from which Limbs they have come]................................................................ 149 Chapter 27: On the Five Forms which exist in the Archon{s} of Darkness............................................................. 150 Chapter 33: On the Five Things that he constructed with the HardBodiesoftheArchons........................................ 152 Chapter 37: OntheThreeZones..................................... 153 Chapter 38: On the Light-Mind, the Apostles, and the Saints ...... 154 Chapter 39: OntheThreeDaysandtheTwoDeaths............... 166 Chapter 48: On the Conduits(?) ...................................... 169 Chapter 57: OntheGenerationofAdam............................ 174 Chapter 65b:(OntheFiveQualitiesoftheSun)..................... 177 Chapter 68: OnFire................................................... 178 Chapter 69: On the Twelve Signs of the Zodiac and the Five Stars 179 Chapter 70: On the Body, that it was made to resemble the Cosmos .............................................................. 182 Chapter 91: On the Catechumen, who is saved in a single body.... 187 Chapter 95: The Apostle asks his Disciples: What does cloud mean? ............................................................... 193 Chapter 100: On the Dragon, the one with Fourteen heads; what isitand ............................................................. 197 Chapter 103: On the Five Wonderworks that the Light-Mind reveals to the Elect .................................................. 199 Chapter 104: On Food: that it is appointed to Five Products in the HumanBody........................................................ 200 Chapter 107: OntheKindofSpeechthat ... ....................... 201 Chapter 111: On the Four Qualities that are found in the Eye, and the Fifth, which is hidden in them, to what they belong .......... 202 Chapter 112b:(OntheFiveThingsRevealedbyJesus).............. 203 Chapter 137: On the Five Types of Brotherhood that are distinguished from one another .................................... 205 Chapter 146: The Old Man has Five Foods to live on, the New ManhasFiveOthers ............................................... 207 viii contents Chapter 148: On the Five Books, that they belong to Five Fathers 209 Chapter 165: EnvyexistsinFiveForms .............................. 210 Chapter 176: On Spiritual Transition in Five(?) Forms and that throughwhichtheChurchchanges................................212 Chapter 189: [OntheFiveTemptations].............................218 Chapter 191: There are Five Properties in the Image of our Apostle,symbolizingtheFiveLightFathers....................... 220 Chapter 193: The Evil One has [Five Properties]; the Good One has[FiveotherProperties] ......................................... 222 Appendix. Theodore Bar Khonai’s Résumé of the Manichaean Myth(AnnotatedTranslation) ..................................... 223 WorksCited............................................................ 231 GeneralIndex ......................................................... 237 IndexofModern Authors............................................. 241 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Since its inception, this project (generously supported by both doctoral and postdoctoral fellowships from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada [SSHRC]) has greatly benefited from the use of both published and un-published research tools for Manichaean Studies. In particular, Gunner Mikkelsen’s Bibliographica manichaica (Bre- pols, 1996) and the Dictionary of Manichaean Texts I: Texts from the Roman Empire (Brepols, 1998) from the Corpus Fontium Manichaeorum
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