Pentadic Redaction in the Manichaean Kephalaia Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies Editors Einar Thomassen & Johannes van Oort Editorial Board H.W. Attridge – R. Cameron – A.D. DeConick W.-P. Funk – I. Gardner – C.W. Hedrick S.N.C. Lieu – P. Nagel – B.A. Pearson – S.G. Richter, J.M. Robinson – K. Rudolph – M. Scopello W. Sundermann – G. Wurst VOLUME 66 Pentadic Redaction in the Manichaean Kephalaia by Timothy Pettipiece LEIDEN • BOSTON 2009 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pettipiece, Timothy. Pentadic redaction in the Manichaean Kephalaia / by Timothy Pettipiece. p. cm. -- (Nag Hammadi and Manichaean studies, ISSN 0929-2470 ; v. 66) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-17436-8 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Manichaeism. I. Title. II. Series. BT1410.P48 2009 299’.932--dc22 2009004687 ISSN 0929-2470 ISBN 978 90 04 174368 Copyright 2009 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. 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Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands CONTENTS Acknowledgments ..................................................... ix Abbreviations .......................................................... xi part i pentadic redaction in the manichaean kephalaia Introduction............................................................ 3 Number and Religion in Antiquity ................................ 3 TheManichaeanLoveofNumbers ............................... 5 Out of Obscurity.................................................... 6 The Kephalaia andItsCompilers ................................... 7 Canon and Tradition ............................................... 13 ChapterOne.BasicOntologicalPatterning.......................... 21 TheTwoTreesandtheFiveLimbs................................ 21 ChapterTwo.TheologicalPatterningI:Light-Realm............... 25 TheFacesoftheFather ............................................ 25 TheManySonsofMan............................................ 29 Cosmic Parallelism.................................................. 36 FathersofGreatness ................................................ 42 Chapter Three. Theological Patterning II: Dark-Realm ............ 51 TheEvolutionofEvil............................................... 51 King(s)ofDarkness................................................. 54 AstrologicalPolemic................................................ 62 ChapterFour.OtherFormsOfPatterning........................... 69 SoteriologicalPatterning ........................................... 69 EthicalPatterning................................................... 72 EcclesiologicalPatterning .......................................... 74 vi contents PolemicalPatterning................................................ 75 AetiologicalPatterning ............................................. 76 ConclusionsandImplications......................................... 79 ScholasticRedaction................................................ 79 AdversityandPersecution.......................................... 85 MissionaryExpansion.............................................. 88 Whyfive?............................................................ 89 Whowasresponsible? .............................................. 90 part ii translations from the kephalaia of the teacher [berlin codex] NoteonTranslations .................................................. 95 Chapter 2: The Second, on the Parable of the Tree ................. 97 Chapter 3: The Interpretation of Happiness, Wisdom, and Power; whattheymean..................................................... 103 Chapter 4: On the Four Great Days, which are brought forth fromoneanother;alongwiththeFourNights .................... 105 Chapter 6: On the Five Storehouses that have poured forth from the Land of Darkness from the Beginning; the Five Rulers, the Five Spirits, the Five Bodies, (and) the Five Tastes ................ 108 Chapter 7: TheSeventh,ontheFiveFathers ........................ 112 Chapter 9: The Interpretation of the (Sign of) Peace, what it means;theRightHand,theKiss,theAdoration ................. 115 Chapter 10: On the Meaning of the Fourteen [Great] Aeons, aboutwhichSethelspokein[his]prayer.......................... 120 Chapter 12: On the Meaning of the Five Words which are proclaimed mntparapehout in the Cosmos ........................... 122 Chapter 13: On the Five Saviours, Resurrectors of the Dead, alongwiththeFiveResurrections.................................. 124 Chapter 14: The Meaning of the Silence, the Fast, [the Peace], theDay,[and]theRest;whattheymean.......................... 125 Chapter 15: [Onthe] ... Five[Parts] ... Worldof ................. 127 Chapter 16: [On the Five] Greatnesses which have [come] out againsttheDarkness................................................ 129 contents vii Chapter 18: [On the Five] Wars [which the] Sons of Light waged with[theSons]ofDarkness........................................ 135 Chapter 19: OntheFiveReleases:whattheymean ................. 138 Chapter 20: TheChapterontheNameoftheFathers.............. 141 Chapter 21: On the Father of Greatness, how he is established anddefined.......................................................... 142 Chapter 24: [OntheTimes ...]...................................... 143 Chapter 25: On the Five [Fathers: from which Limbs they have come]................................................................ 149 Chapter 27: On the Five Forms which exist in the Archon{s} of Darkness............................................................. 150 Chapter 33: On the Five Things that he constructed with the HardBodiesoftheArchons........................................ 152 Chapter 37: OntheThreeZones..................................... 153 Chapter 38: On the Light-Mind, the Apostles, and the Saints ...... 154 Chapter 39: OntheThreeDaysandtheTwoDeaths............... 166 Chapter 48: On the Conduits(?) ...................................... 169 Chapter 57: OntheGenerationofAdam............................ 174 Chapter 65b:(OntheFiveQualitiesoftheSun)..................... 177 Chapter 68: OnFire................................................... 178 Chapter 69: On the Twelve Signs of the Zodiac and the Five Stars 179 Chapter 70: On the Body, that it was made to resemble the Cosmos .............................................................. 182 Chapter 91: On the Catechumen, who is saved in a single body.... 187 Chapter 95: The Apostle asks his Disciples: What does cloud mean? ............................................................... 193 Chapter 100: On the Dragon, the one with Fourteen heads; what isitand ............................................................. 197 Chapter 103: On the Five Wonderworks that the Light-Mind reveals to the Elect .................................................. 199 Chapter 104: On Food: that it is appointed to Five Products in the HumanBody........................................................ 200 Chapter 107: OntheKindofSpeechthat ... ....................... 201 Chapter 111: On the Four Qualities that are found in the Eye, and the Fifth, which is hidden in them, to what they belong .......... 202 Chapter 112b:(OntheFiveThingsRevealedbyJesus).............. 203 Chapter 137: On the Five Types of Brotherhood that are distinguished from one another .................................... 205 Chapter 146: The Old Man has Five Foods to live on, the New ManhasFiveOthers ............................................... 207 viii contents Chapter 148: On the Five Books, that they belong to Five Fathers 209 Chapter 165: EnvyexistsinFiveForms .............................. 210 Chapter 176: On Spiritual Transition in Five(?) Forms and that throughwhichtheChurchchanges................................212 Chapter 189: [OntheFiveTemptations].............................218 Chapter 191: There are Five Properties in the Image of our Apostle,symbolizingtheFiveLightFathers....................... 220 Chapter 193: The Evil One has [Five Properties]; the Good One has[FiveotherProperties] ......................................... 222 Appendix. Theodore Bar Khonai’s Résumé of the Manichaean Myth(AnnotatedTranslation) ..................................... 223 WorksCited............................................................ 231 GeneralIndex ......................................................... 237 IndexofModern Authors............................................. 241 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Since its inception, this project (generously supported by both doctoral and postdoctoral fellowships from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada [SSHRC]) has greatly benefited from the use of both published and un-published research tools for Manichaean Studies. In particular, Gunner Mikkelsen’s Bibliographica manichaica (Bre- pols, 1996) and the Dictionary of Manichaean Texts I: Texts from the Roman Empire (Brepols, 1998) from the Corpus Fontium Manichaeorum