The National Plant Health the National Plant Health Status Report Status Report
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The National Plant Health Plant National The The National Plant Health Status Report Status Report Status 07/08 Plant Health Australia Health Plant 07/08 Z00 30193 © Plant Health Australia 2009 Disclaimer: This publication is published by Plant Health Australia (PHA) for information purposes only. Information in the document is drawn from a variety of sources outside This work is copyright. Apart from any use as Plant Health Australia. Although reasonable care was taken in its preparation, Plant Health permitted under the Copyright Act 1986, no part Australia does not warrant the accuracy, reliability, completeness or currency of the may be reproduced by any process without prior information, or its usefulness in achieving any purpose. permission from Plant Health Australia. Given that there are continuous changes in trade patterns, pest distributions, control Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction measures and agricultural practices, this report can only provide a snapshot in time. and rights should be addressed to: Therefore, all information contained in this report has been collected for the 2007/08 financial year, and should be validated and confirmed by the relevant organisations/ Communications Manager authorities before being used. A list of contact details (including websites) is provided Plant Health Australia in Appendix 2. 5/4 Phipps Close DEAKIN ACT 2600 To the fullest extent permitted by law, Plant Health Australia will not be liable for any loss, damage, cost or expense incurred in or arising by reason of any person relying on the ISSN 1836-7461 information in this publication. Readers should make and rely on their own assessment An electronic version of this report is available for and enquiries to verify the accuracy of the information provided. download from the Plant Health Australia website. Print copies can be ordered by contacting Plant Health Australia. In referencing this document, the preferred citation is: National Plant Health Status Report (07/08). Plant Health Australia, Canberra, ACT. Contents Chapter 1 – IntroduCTION 7 1.1 The importance of plant health 10 1.2 The report 11 Chapter 2 – ORGANISATION OF PLANT HEALTH SYSTEMS IN AUSTRALIA 13 2.1 National committees 16 Primary industries committees 16 Plant Health Committee 16 2.2 AusBIOSEC – the bigger picture 18 2.3 Australian Government plant health services 20 The Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service 20 Biosecurity Australia 20 Product Integrity, Animal and Plant Health Division 21 Trade and Market Access Division 21 Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 21 2.4 State and territory plant health services 22 2.5 Private plant health services 23 Industry representative bodies 23 Growers and landholders 23 Private agricultural consultants 23 2.6 Plant Health Australia 24 Chapter 3 – AUSTRALIA’s plant healTH STATUS 27 3.1 Australia’s high priority plant pests 32 3.2 Australia’s regionalised pests 39 3.3 Emergency response – eradication and containment of emergency plant pests 44 3.4 Weeds of national significance 46 Chapter 4 – MAINTAINING AUSTRALIA’s plant healTH STATUS 49 4.1 Pre-border activities 56 International trade 56 Imports 57 Exports 60 4.2 Border activities 61 Post-entry quarantine 61 Northern Australia Quarantine Strategy 62 4.3 Post-border activities 64 Industry biosecurity planning 65 Pre-emptive breeding 67 Surveillance 67 Diagnostics 79 Regional, community and on-farm biosecurity 90 Communication and awareness 92 Plant health information and support systems 93 Chapter 5 – EMERGENCY RESPONSE, MANAGING PLANT HEALTH EMERGENCIES 95 5.1 The Emergency Plant Pest Response Deed 99 National Management Group 99 Consultative Committee on Emergency Plant Pests 99 Emergency Plant Pest Categorisation Group 99 5.2 PLANTPLAN 100 Contingency planning 100 Training 103 BioSIRT 103 Chapter 6 – InnovATION, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 105 6.1 Research and development in association with the Australian Government 108 Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation 110 Australian Research Council 112 Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research 113 Australian Agency for International Development 115 Cooperative research centres 115 Research and development corporations 119 6.2 State and territory governments research and development 131 6.3 Universities and private research institutions 140 LEFT: Image coutesy of AQIS. APPENDIx 1 – AUSTRALIA’s plant INDUSTRIES 145 Broadacre crops 147 Grains and pulses 147 Rice 148 Sugarcane 149 Cotton 150 Forestry 151 Horticulture 152 Citrus 152 Apples and pears 153 Stone fruit (excluding cherries and canned fruit) 154 Cherries 155 Strawberries 156 Grapes – table 157 Grapes – wine 158 Dried fruit 159 Mangoes 160 Bananas 161 Pineapples 162 Avocados 163 Olives 164 Vegetables (excluding processing tomatoes) 165 Onions 166 Tomatoes – processing 167 Passionfruit 167 Canned fruits 167 Nuts 168 Almonds 168 Macadamias 169 Nursery and garden 170 Honey bees 171 APPENDIx 2 – PLANT HEALTH CONTACT DETAILS 173 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 176 INDEX 177 RIGHT: Image courtesy of GRDC. Key Tables and Figures CHAPTER 2 13 Figure 1. National governmental consultative committees 17 Figure 2. AusBIOSEC – Building on current sectoral strategies and programs 19 Table 1. State and territory agricultural departments 22 Table 2. Plant Health Australia’s members 25 CHAPTER 3 27 Figure 3. Australia’s plant health system 31 Table 3. High Priority Pests for the Viticulture Industry 33 Table 4. Australia’s High Priority Pests of Plant Industries (2007/08) 34 Table 5. Australia’s regionalised pests (2007/08) 40 Table 6. Emergency Plant Pests eradicated or undergoing eradication (2007/08) 44 Table 7. Australia’s weeds of national significance (2007/08) 47 CHAPTER 4 49 Table 8. Responsibilities and activities across the quarantine and biosecurity continuum 52 Figure 4. Fruit Fly Exclusion Zone 54 Figure 5. Biosecurity Australia import risk analysis flowchart 58 Table 9. Biosecurity Australia’s finalised policy advice and draft regulated import risk assessment reports 59 Table 10. Post entry plant quarantine facilities (2007/08) 61 Figure 6. NAQS area of operation 62 Figure 7. NAQS area of operation in Torres Strait 63 Table 11. Australia’s plant health surveillance programs (2007/08) 68 Table 12. Australia’s diagnostic services and laboratories (2007/08) 80 Figure 8. Approval process of national diagnostic procedures/protocols flow chart 87 Table 13. Diagnostic protocols (2007/08) 88 CHAPTER 5 95 Table 14. Contingency plans (2007/08) 101 CHAPTER 6 105 Figure 9. Organisations involved in plant health research and development 109 Tables 15–47. Plant health related research projects active in 2007/2008 110 APPENDIX 1 145 Figures 10–55. Industry production data 147 LEFT: Image courtesy of NAQS. Foreword For the first time, a single document has been produced that provides a concise overview of Australia’s plant biosecurity system. This document, the National Plant Health Status Report, provides readers with a wealth of information covering the plant pests of greatest concern to Australian industries; the organisations and processes involved in keeping Australia’s agricultural and forestry industries free from pests; and innovative plant health research projects currently being undertaken by Australian research organisations and universities. There are a number of reasons why we would want to consolidate all of this information into one publication. Firstly, it provides farmers, domestic producers and retailers with confidence in the security and viability of Australia’s food industries. It provides policy and decision makers across governments and industries with an overview of the sophisticated biosecurity system responsible for protecting Australia’s food supply and product markets. Similarly, for educators and those involved in providing support and commercial services to the plant industries it represents a useful reference manual on national biosecurity arrangements. For traders and international audiences, the Status Report demonstrates the robustness of Australia’s plant health system and gives them the confidence that Australian product is delivered to them pest free. Finally, all readers are offered an insight into the overseas and domestic initiatives in place that help maintain and protect Australia’s ongoing pest-free status. The National Plant Health Status Report has been compiled by Plant Health Australia (PHA) with input from all of Australia’s key plant biosecurity stakeholders. PHA plans to publish this report annually. It is an appropriate commitment, given PHA’s position as the lead national coordinating body for plant biosecurity, bringing together governments and industries on important biosecurity issues. Both as Chair of PHA and as a grower in my own right, I am proud of PHA’s efforts in facilitating this report and I am confident of the value that this will bring to Australian producers and markets in the long term. I hope you find it as enlightening a read as we intend it to be. Dr Tony Gregson Chairman Plant Health Australia 6 Chapter 1 Introduction 8 This first edition of theN ational Plant Health Status Report provides a snapshot of the structure and status of Australia’s plant health system in 2007/08. Australia’s geographic isolation has fortuitously allowed the island continent to remain relatively free from many of the pests that have significantly affected plant industries in other parts of the world. Consequently, Australia has placed a high priority on maintaining plant biosecurity: