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Pro-Poor Tourism Thailand in the Greatergreater Mmekongekong Sub-Regionsub-Region

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Pro-Poor Tourism Thailand in the Greatergreater Mmekongekong Sub-Regionsub-Region CAMBODIACAMBODIA CambodiaCambodia DevelopmentDevelopment Resource InstituteInstitute (CDRI)(CDRI) LAOSLAOS PRO-POOR TOURISM THAILAND IN THE GREATERGREATER MMEKONGEKONG SUSUB-REGIONB-REGION DevelopmentDevelopment Analysis Network (DAN) with Support fromfrom the RockefellerRockefeller Foundation CambodiaCambodia DevelopmentDevelopment Resource Institute (CDRI), Phnom PenhPenh VIETNAMVIETNAM CCentreentre fforor Advanced StudStudyy (CAS), Phnom PenPenhh NationaNationall Statistics Centre (NSC)(NSC),, Vientiane National Economic Research Institute (NERI), VientianVientianee Thailand Development Resource Institute (TDRI), BanBangkokgkok CCentralentral Institute for Economic ManaManagementgement (CIEM), HanoHanoii Institute ooff Economics, HanoHanoii CCentreentre fforor Community Development Studies, KunminKunming,g, YunnaYunnann Yunnan-CHINAYunnan-CHINA3 2 Cambodia Development Resource Institute (CDRI) Phnom Penh, July 2007 PRO-POOR TOURISM IN THE GREATER MEKONG SUB-REGION 1 © 2007 Development Analysis Network All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the written permission of the Development Analysis Network and its member institutions. The designations employed in Development Analysis Network publications and the presentation of material contained therein do not imply any expression whatsoever on the part of the Development Analysis Network or its member institutions concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publi- cation does not necessarily constitute an endorsement by the Development Analysis Network, its member institutions, or its donors. ISBN 978–99950–52–18-8 Pro-Poor Tourism in the Greater Mekong Sub-Region July 2007 This work was carried out with the aid of a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation. Hing Vutha and Tuot Sokphally Wisarn Pupphavesa, Jirawat Panpiemras and Cambodia Development Resource Institute Chaiyasit Anuchitworawong (855-23) 881 701/881-384/883 603 Thailand Development Research Institute (855-23) 880 734 565 Soi Ramkhamhaeng 39, Bangkok 10310, Thailand PO Box 622, Phnom Penh, Cambodia (66-2) 718 5460 Fax: (66-2) 718 5461 Center for Advanced Study Nguyen Thi Kim Dung PO Box 2030, Phnom Penh, Cambodia Central Institute for Economic Management / (855-23) 214 494 68 Phan Dinh Phung, Hanoi, Vietnam (84-4) 845 6254 Fax: (84-4) 845 6795 Dr Leeber Leebouapao, Mme Phonesaly Souksavat, Mme Phetsamone Sone, Dr Saykham Voladet, and Mr Cu Chi Loi, Vu Hung Cuong and Tran Minh Siviengxay Olaboun Institute of Economics National Economic Research Institute 27 Tran Xuan Soan, Hanoi, Vietnam Luang Prabang Road, Vientiane, Lao PDR (84-4) 972 1633 Fax: (84-4) 826 1532 (856-21) 216 653 Fax: (856-21) 216 660 Zheng Baohua Centre for Community Development Studies, National Statistical Research Center Kunming, Yunnan province of China Luang Prabang Road, Vientiane, Lao PDR (856-21) 216 656 Fax: (856-21) 216 659 Editing: Allen Myers, Brett M. Ballard and Hing Vutha Cover design and Layout: Oum Chantha and Kim Chettra Printed and Bound in Cambodia by JSRC Printing House, E-mail: [email protected] 2 Table of Contents Forward ........................................................................................................................................i List of Acronyms......................................................................................................................iii Chapter 1: Pro-Poor Tourism in the Greater Mekong Sub-Region: A Survey of Five Case Studies................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................3 1.2. Tourism and Economic Growth in the GMS................................................................5 1.3. Literature and Methodology .............................................................................................7 1.4. Key Findings and Observations.....................................................................................11 1.5. Themes and Issues Emerging from the Case Studies.................................................13 1.6. Policy Implications ..........................................................................................................19 References .................................................................................................................................23 Chapter 2: Pro-Poor Tourism: Siem Reap Case Study ....................................................... 25 2.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................31 2.2. Overview of Tourism Development.............................................................................33 2.3. Policy Context...................................................................................................................37 2.4. Case Study of Tourism in Siem Reap............................................................................39 2.5. Employment Impacts.......................................................................................................47 2.6. Income Impacts................................................................................................................55 2.7. Land Impacts.....................................................................................................................59 2.8. Well-Being Impacts ..........................................................................................................63 2.9. Conclusions and Policy Recommendations..................................................................69 References .................................................................................................................................73 Chapter 3: Pro-Poor Tourism in Lao PDR: A Case Study in Luang Prabang Province ....79 Executive Summary.................................................................................................................83 3.1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................87 3.2. Overview of Tourism Development.............................................................................91 3.3. Case Study in Luang Prabang ........................................................................................99 3.4. Conclusions and Policy Recommendations................................................................121 References ...............................................................................................................................127 3 Chapter 4: Pro-poor Tourism Development in Thailand ................................................. 129 4.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................131 4.2. Overview of Tourism Development...........................................................................135 4.3. Tourism Industry in Chiang Mai..................................................................................139 4.4. Eco-community-Based Tourism in Mae Kompong Village.....................................145 4.5. Eco-Tourism Village of Plai Phong Phang ...............................................................155 4.6. Conclusion and Policy Recommendation...................................................................165 References ...............................................................................................................................167 Chapter 5: Pro-Poor Tourism in the GMS: Vietnam Case Study ..................................... 179 5.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................183 5.2. The National Policy Context ........................................................................................187 5.3. Tourism and Poverty Reduction: General Trends.....................................................189 5.4. Empirical Research: Sapa town ....................................................................................197 5.5. Primary Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................213 References ...............................................................................................................................217 Chapter 6: Pro-Poor Tourism: China Case Study............................................................. 219 6.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................221 6.2. Overview of Tourism Development in Yunnan .......................................................225 6.3. Case Studies of Tourism in Xishuangbanna ..............................................................229 6.4. Key Findings from Three Tourism Sites.....................................................................235 6.5. Conclusions and Policy Recommendations................................................................249 References
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