Thurston County Species List
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Waterfowl N Shorebirds N Gulls and Terns N Owls N Greater Scaup American Avocet Bonaparte’s Gull Barn Owl ◡ Lesser Scaup ◡ Black Oystercatcher Franklin’s Gull Great Horned Owl ◡ Harlequin Duck Black-bellied Plover Heermann’s Gull Snowy Owl Surf Scoter American Golden-Plover Mew Gull Northern Pygmy-Owl White-winged Scoter Pacific Golden-Plover Ring-billed Gull Barred Owl ◡ Black Scoter Semipalmated Plover Western Gull 2 Short-eared Owl Long-tailed Duck Killdeer ◡ California Gull Northern Saw-whet Owl ◡ Bufflehead Whimbrel Herring Gull Kingfishers Common Goldeneye Long-billed Curlew Iceland Gull Belted Kingfisher ◡ Barrow’s Goldeneye Marbled Godwit Glaucous-winged Gull 2 ◡ Woodpeckers Hooded Merganser ◡ Ruddy Turnstone GWxWestern Gull (hybrid) ◡ Red-breasted Sapsucker ◡ Common Merganser Black Turnstone Caspian Tern P Downy Woodpecker ◡ Red-breasted Merganser Red Knot Common Tern Hairy Woodpecker ◡ Ruddy Duck ◡ Surfbird Loons Pileated Woodpecker ◡ Quail and Allies Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Red-throated Loon Northern Flicker ◡ California Quail ◡ Stilt Sandpiper Pacific Loon Falcons Ring-necked Pheasant ◡ Sanderling Common Loon American Kestrel ◡ P Grebes Dunlin Yellow-billed Loon 1 Merlin Peregrine Falcon Pied-billed Grebe ◡ Rock Sandpiper Cormorants Flycatchers Horned Grebe Baird’s Sandpiper Brandt’s Cormorant Olive-sided Flycatcher Red-necked Grebe Least Sandpiper Pelagic Cormorant ◡ Western Wood-Pewee P Eared Grebe Pectoral Sandpiper Double-crested Cormorant ◡ Willow Flycatcher Western Grebe Semipalmated Sandpiper Pelicans ◡ Hammond’s Flycatcher -
Behavioral Aspects of Western Gray Squirrel Ecology
Behavioral aspects of western gray squirrel ecology Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Cross, Stephen P. Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 11/10/2021 06:42:38 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565181 BEHAVIORAL ASPECTS OF WESTERN GRAY SQUIRREL ECOLOGY by Stephen Paul Cross A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of. the DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WITH A MAJOR IN ZOOLOGY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 6 9 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my direction by St e p h e n Paul Cross_______________________________ entitled B E H A V I O R A L A S P E C T S OF W E S T E R N G RAY__________ S Q U I R R E L E C O LOGY___________________________________ be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement of the degree of D O C T O R OF P H I L O S O P H Y_____________________________ Dissertation Director Date After inspection of the final copy of the dissertation, the following members of the Final Examination Committee concur in its approval and recommend its acceptance:* This approval and acceptance is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense of this dissertation at the final oral examination. -
Dungeness National Wildlife Refuge Watchable Wildlife Introduction
U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Dungeness National Wildlife Refuge Watchable Wildlife Introduction Home for Wildlife Dungeness National Wildlife Refuge Summer brings nesting songbirds to was set aside by executive order the forested and grass uplands and on in 1915 as a refuge, preserve, and to the spits. Often visitors see harbor breeding ground for native birds. seals swimming in the marine waters Located in the northwest corner of and hauling out on shore to rest and Washington State on the Salish Sea, nurse their pups within the protection approximately 60 miles northwest of of the Refuge boundaries. Visitors have Seattle, it offers a diversified habitat also spotted other marine mammals, of sand beaches, protected bay such as orca and minke whales, in the waters, seagrass beds, mudflats, and Refuge waters. forested and grass uplands. About this The following fish and wildlife species Good wildlife viewing opportunities Checklist list includes 244 species of birds, 29 occur throughout the year on the Refuge. species of mammals, 8 species of In winter, the area is important to sea reptiles and amphibians, and 26 species ducks and other waterfowl who feed of fish that are found on the Refuge. and find storm shelter in the Since most birds are migratory, their protected waters of Dungeness Bay. seasonal occurrence and abundance, as The Bay remains an well as associated habitats are coded. important migration stop The list was prepared with the and wintering ground for assistance of Bob Boekelheide, Rod brant. Many shorebird Norvell and other knowledgeable species also feed on the birders. If you see something rare or shorelines and mudflats unusual, please share the information during the spring and fall with the Refuge biologist. -
Tree Squirrels
Tree Squirrels When the public is polled regarding suburban and urban wildlife, tree squirrels generally rank first as problem makers. Residents complain about them nesting in homes and exploiting bird feeders. Interestingly, squirrels almost always rank first among preferred urban/suburban wildlife species. Such is the Figure 1. The Eastern gray squirrel is from the deciduous paradox they present: We want them and we don’t and mixed coniferous-deciduous forests of eastern North want them, depending on what they are doing at any America, and was introduced into city parks, campuses, given moment. and estates in Washington in the early 1900s. (Drawing by Elva Paulson) Although tree squirrels spend a considerable amount of time on the ground, unlike the related ground squirrels, they are more at home in trees. Washington is home to four species of native tree squirrels and two species of introduced tree squirrels. Native Washington Tree Squirrels The Douglas squirrel, or chickaree (Tamiasciurus douglasii) measures 10 to 14 inches in length, including its tail. Its upper parts are reddish-or brownish-gray, and its underparts are orange to yellowish. The Douglas squirrel is found in stands of fir, pine, cedar, and other conifers in the Cascade Mountains and western parts of Washington. The red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus, Fig. 4) is about the same size as the Douglas squirrel and lives in coniferous forests and semi-open woods in northeast Washington. It is rusty-red on the upper part and white or grayish white on its underside. The Western gray squirrel (Sciurus griseus, Fig. 2) is the largest tree squirrel in Washington, ranging from 18 to 24 inches in length. -
Successful Reproduction of the Mole Salamander Ambystoma Talpoideum in Captivity, with an Emphasis on Stimuli Environmental Determinants
SHORT NOTE The Herpetological Bulletin 141, 2017: 28-31 Successful reproduction of the mole salamander Ambystoma talpoideum in captivity, with an emphasis on stimuli environmental determinants AXEL HERNANDEZ Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, University Pasquale Paoli of Corsica, Corte, 20250, France Author Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT - Generating and promoting evidence-based husbandry protocols for urodeles, commonly known as newts and salamanders, is urgently needed because most of the up-to-date ex situ programs are focused on frogs and toads than Urodela. Data on biology, life history, ecology and environmental parameters are lacking for many species and are needed to establish suitable husbandry and breeding conditions in captive environments. Two adult females and two adult males, of the mole salamander Ambystoma talpoideum successfully reproduced in captivity. It was found that reproduction of this species depends on various complex stimuli: including natural photoperiod 12:12, rainwater (acidic to neutral pH) and an aquarium full of various debris. Additionally high temperature variations ranging from 2 °C to 17 °C (a decrease followed by an increase) between November and February showed that it is possible to breed adults in aquariums provided the right stimuli are applied at the right moment of time in winter. A. talpoideum shows an explosive breeding mode as previously reported for the whole genus Ambystoma. INTRODUCTION with an emphasis on the environmental determinant stimuli involved. These data may assist in improving breeding these ince the 1980s, the current global amphibian extinction salamanders under artificial conditions. crisis has been discussed and acknowledged (Wake, A. -
Northern Spring Salamander Fact Sheet
WILDLIFE IN CONNECTICUT STATE THREATENED SPECIES © COURTESY D. QUINN © COURTESY Northern Spring Salamander Gyrinophilus p. porphyriticus Background and Range The northern spring salamander is a brightly-colored member of the lungless salamander family (Plethodontidae). True to its name, it resides in cool water springs and streams, making it an excellent indicator of a clean, well- oxygenated water source. Due to its strict habitat and clean water requirements, it is only found in a handful of locations within Connecticut. The Central Connecticut Lowlands divide this amphibian's range into distinct populations. Litchfield and Hartford Counties support the greatest populations of spring salamanders. This salamander is listed as a threatened species in Connecticut. In North America, the spring salamander occurs from extreme southeastern Canada south through New England, west to Ohio, and south down the Appalachians as far as northern Georgia and Alabama. Description This large, robust salamander ranges in color from salmon to reddish-brown to purplish-brown, with a translucent white underbelly. The snout appears “square” when viewed from above and the salamander has well-defined grooves near its eyes to its snout. The tail is laterally flattened with a fin-like tip. Young spring salamanders are lighter in color and have small gills. Their coloration does not have deeper reddish tints until adulthood. Total length ranges from 5 to 7.5 inches. Habitat and Diet Spring salamanders require very clean, cool, and well-oxygenated water. They can be found in streams, brooks, and seepage areas. Preferred habitat lies within steep, rocky hemlock forests. This species is intolerant to disturbances. -
Breeding Ecology of Pigeon Guillemots (Cepphus Columba) on Alcatraz Island, California
BREEDING ECOLOGY OF PIGEON GUILLEMOTS (CEPPHUS COLUMBA) ON ALCATRAZ ISLAND, CALIFORNIA A thesis submitted to the faculty of San Francisco State University A S In partial fulfillment of the requirements for polfc the Degree - Masters of Arts In Geography: Resource Management and Environmental Planning by Victoria Leslie Seher San Francisco, California August 2016 Copyright by Victoria Leslie Seher 2016 CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL I certify that I have read Breeding Ecology of Pigeon Guillemots (Cepphus columbaj on Alcatraz Island, California by Victoria Leslie Seher, and that in my opinion this work meets the criteria for approving a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree Master of Arts in Geography: Resource Management and Environmental Planning at San Francisco State University. Benjamin Becker, Ph.D. National Park Service BREEDING ECOLOGY OF PIGEON GUILLEMOTS (CEPPHUS COLUMBA) ON ALCATRAZ ISLAND, CALIFORNIA Victoria Leslie Seher San Francisco, California 2016 This study compared the breeding ecology and diet of Pigeon Guillemots (Cepphus columba) from an urban estuarine colony (Alcatraz Island) and a remote oceanic colony (Southeast Farallon Island) to better understand how spatial differences and current management influence the two colonies. I used video cameras inside nest sites to help monitor the breeding phenology, reproductive success, and prey delivered to chicks on Alcatraz Island in 2015 and 2016. Data collected in this study were compared with data collected by Point Blue Conservation Science on Southeast Farallon Island. Results show similarities in breeding phenology between the two colonies, although the breeding start date was earlier on Alcatraz in 2016 by 12 days. Productivity was higher on Alcatraz in both years with 0.73 and 0.83 fledged chicks/pair while productivity dropped on Southeast Farallon Island from 0.65 fledged chicks/pair in 2015 to 0.30 fledged chicks/pair in 2016. -
AMPHIBIANS of OHIO F I E L D G U I D E DIVISION of WILDLIFE INTRODUCTION
AMPHIBIANS OF OHIO f i e l d g u i d e DIVISION OF WILDLIFE INTRODUCTION Amphibians are typically shy, secre- Unlike reptiles, their skin is not scaly. Amphibian eggs must remain moist if tive animals. While a few amphibians Nor do they have claws on their toes. they are to hatch. The eggs do not have are relatively large, most are small, deli- Most amphibians prefer to come out at shells but rather are covered with a jelly- cately attractive, and brightly colored. night. like substance. Amphibians lay eggs sin- That some of these more vulnerable spe- gly, in masses, or in strings in the water The young undergo what is known cies survive at all is cause for wonder. or in some other moist place. as metamorphosis. They pass through Nearly 200 million years ago, amphib- a larval, usually aquatic, stage before As with all Ohio wildlife, the only ians were the first creatures to emerge drastically changing form and becoming real threat to their continued existence from the seas to begin life on land. The adults. is habitat degradation and destruction. term amphibian comes from the Greek Only by conserving suitable habitat to- Ohio is fortunate in having many spe- amphi, which means dual, and bios, day will we enable future generations to cies of amphibians. Although generally meaning life. While it is true that many study and enjoy Ohio’s amphibians. inconspicuous most of the year, during amphibians live a double life — spend- the breeding season, especially follow- ing part of their lives in water and the ing a warm, early spring rain, amphib- rest on land — some never go into the ians appear in great numbers seemingly water and others never leave it. -
Acoustic Comunication of Red Squirrels (Tamiasciurus Hudsonicus): Field Observations and Plaiback Experiments
ACOUSTIC COMUNICATION OF RED SQUIRRELS (TAMIASCIURUS HUDSONICUS): FIELD OBSERVATIONS AND PLAIBACK EXPERIMENTS A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA Stephen George Frost IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF EASTER OF SCIENCE IDEGREE GRANTED June 1978 i; TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Study Site Sound Level Measurements Playback Methods Laboratory Work RESULTS Vocalizations 11 Peep 11 Groan 13 Chuck 14 Trill 15 Scream 18 Chatter (air) 19 Whine 22 Multiple-Chuck 23 Growl 25 Chuckle 27 Buzz 28 Squeak 30 Non-vocal Acoustic Sounds 30 Drumming 30 Substrate Scratching and Rapid Ascent 31 Teeth Chattering 32 Tail Movements Accompanying Acoustical Communication 32 Vocal Behavior upon Release from Captivity 32 Sound Levels of Red Squirrel Sounds 33 Graded Nature of Red Squirrel Vocalizations 34 Playback Experiments 35 DISCUSSION 4o SUMMARY 57 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 58 LITERATURE CITED 59 APPENDIX A: FIGURES 61 APPENDIX B: TABLES 90 ii LIST OF FIGURES Page Fig. 1. Grid map of Itasca Biology Station study area. • • . 63 Fig. 2. Dye-marking number locations. • . • . • • • .. 65 Fig. 3. Sonograms of red squirrel vocalizations. .. 67 Fig. 4. Sonograms of red squirrel vocalizations. • . • • . 69 Fig. 5. Gradations of some red squirrel vocalizations. .. 71 Fig. 6. Gradations of some red squirrel vocalizations. .. 73 Fig. 7. Histograms of behavioral responses of the red squirrel to playbacks of a one minute alarm sequence of 127 Peep, twelve Chuck, and three Groan vocalizations. .. • • • • • • ... 75 Fig. 8. Histograms of behavioral responses of the red squirrel to playbacks of a Trill vocalization (preceded by five Peeps) three times during one minute. -
Pigeon Guillemot Study DELIVERABLES for TASK NO
County: Island Grant No: PROJECT TITLE: Pigeon Guillemot Study DELIVERABLES FOR TASK NO: PROGRESS REPORT: [ ] PROJECT FINAL REPORT: [ X ] PERIOD COVERED: June-Aug 2013 DATE SUBMITTED: This project has been funded wholly or in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The contents of this document do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Pigeon Guillemot Study Whidbey Island, Washington 2013 Breeding Season Kelly L. Zupich Guillemot Research Group Abstract On Whidbey Island, Washington, three Pigeon Guillemot colonies were studied from June 25th, 2013 to August 31st, 2013 during breeding/nesting season. This is the fifth year of study. Pigeon Guillemots are the only seabird that regularly nest on Whidbey Island and remain in the Salish Sea year-round. The diet and behavior of these seabirds makes them an ideal indicator of the condition of the Salish Sea. The objective of this study is to establish baseline data on the population of Pigeon Guillemots on Whidbey Island. The colonies were monitored and data recorded on prey fed to chicks, fledging success, and population. The three colonies involved are Shore Meadows, Mutiny Sands, and Rolling Hills. The average prey choice for all three colonies was 63% gunnel, 29% sculpin, and 8% other. Fledging success in 2013 averaged 55%. Average population was forty five PIGUs at Shore Meadows, fourteen at Mutiny Sands, and nineteen at Rolling Hills. PIGU-Pigeon Guillemot Introduction Pigeon Guillemots (Cepphus columba) are medium sized seabirds of the Alcidae family. -
Mountain Beavers
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln The Handbook: Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage Management, Internet Center Wildlife Damage for July 1994 Mountain Beavers Dan L. Campbell USDA-APHIS-Animal Damage Control, Olympia, WA Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdmhandbook Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons Campbell, Dan L., "Mountain Beavers" (1994). The Handbook: Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage. 14. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdmhandbook/14 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Wildlife Damage Management, Internet Center for at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Handbook: Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Dan L. Campbell Project Leader Olympia Field Station MOUNTAIN BEAVERS Denver Wildlife Research Center USDA-APHIS- Animal Damage Control Olympia, Washington 98512 Fig. 1. Mountain beaver, Aplodontia rufa Damage Prevention and Repellents Identification Control Methods 36% Big Game Repellent Powder has The mountain beaver (Aplodontia rufa, been registered for mountain beaver Exclusion Fig. 1) is a medium-sized rodent in the in Washington and Oregon. family Aplodontiadae. There are no Use plastic mesh seedling protectors Toxicants other species in the family. Average on small tree seedlings. Wire mesh adults weigh 2.3 pounds (1,050 g) and cages are somewhat effective, but A pelleted strychnine alkaloid bait was range from 1.8 to 3.5 pounds (800 to large diameter cages are expensive registered in Oregon but may be 1,600 g). Average overall length is 13.5 and allow animals to enter them. -
Studies of Ecological Factors That Affect the Population and Distribution of the Western Gray Squirrel in Northcentral Oregon
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses 1992 Studies of ecological factors that affect the population and distribution of the western gray squirrel in northcentral Oregon Susan Ann Foster Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment Commons, and the Environmental Monitoring Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Foster, Susan Ann, "Studies of ecological factors that affect the population and distribution of the western gray squirrel in northcentral Oregon" (1992). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 2383. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.2380 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. STUDIES OF ECOLOGICAL FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE POPULATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE WESTERN GRAY SQUIRREL IN NORTHCENTRAL OREGON by SUSAN ANN FOSTER A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES AND RESOURCES: BIOLOGY Portland State University ©1992 TO THE OFFICE OF GRADUATE STUDIES: The members of the Committee approve the dissertation of Susan Ann Foster presented January 10, 1992. Richard B. Forbes, Chair Robert O. Tinnin Richard R. Petersen Daniel M. Johnson David W. McClure Thomas Palm / APPROVED: Robert O. Tinnin, Chair, Department of Biology C. William Savery, Interim Vice Provost foi$2radraduate Studies and Research ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank the many people who have encouraged me in the process of this dissertation, especially Professors Richard Forbes, Robert Tinnin, and Richard Petersen.