The Netherlands
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
April 2018 WWEA Policy Paper Series (PP-02-18-C) THE NETHERLANDS Denmark - Germany - The Netherlands - Spain - United Kingdom Author: Frits Ogg Table of Contents 1. The Netherlands; review of existing data and reports on public policies for wind farm development .......................................................................................................................................... 3 The historic process of development and introduction of the scheme ................................................ 3 The learning process .............................................................................................................................. 5 Prospects and predictions of wind power deployment ........................................................................ 7 Prospects onshore ................................................................................................................................. 7 Prospects offshore ................................................................................................................................. 7 2. Grid connection regulations in the Netherlands onshore and offshore ............................................... 9 3. Permission procedures, environmental impact assessments in the Netherlands ................................ 9 Onshore ................................................................................................................................................. 9 Offshore wind energy in the Netherlands ........................................................................................... 10 The offshore wind energy law ............................................................................................................. 11 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) ............................................................................................. 13 Legal framework for EIA ...................................................................................................................... 14 4. Social aspects: acceptance, benefits and support for community ownership .................................... 15 Energy Agreement ............................................................................................................................... 15 Meeting EU objectives ......................................................................................................................... 16 Stakeholder involvement .................................................................................................................... 16 How did the Agreement come about? ................................................................................................ 16 What is in the Agreement? .................................................................................................................. 17 Is this a unique Agreement? ................................................................................................................ 17 What has happened since the Agreement has been signed? ............................................................. 18 What is the Standing Committee? ...................................................................................................... 18 How does implementation work in practice? ..................................................................................... 18 Ho to follo the Ageeets progress? .......................................................................................... 19 Objectives ............................................................................................................................................ 19 5. Support for community ownership ..................................................................................................... 20 REScoop.EU .......................................................................................................................................... 20 What is a REScoop? ............................................................................................................................. 20 Energiecoöperaties .............................................................................................................................. 21 Code of conduct .................................................................................................................................. 21 1 Handbook on participation in the development process of wind energy projects ............................. 21 Phases .................................................................................................................................................. 22 6. Available wind data in the Netherlands .............................................................................................. 22 Mission for NEWA ................................................................................................................................ 22 Trend in wind speed? .......................................................................................................................... 23 DOWA (Dutch Offshore Wind Atlas) ................................................................................................... 24 7. Industrial capacities of domestic windturbine manufacturers in the Netherlands ............................ 24 8. Windindustry R&D, training & education Institutions in the Netherlands .......................................... 25 The Topsector Energy .......................................................................................................................... 25 Training, education and institutions .................................................................................................... 26 ACM The Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets ........................................................... 26 National cooperation ........................................................................................................................... 27 International cooperation ................................................................................................................... 27 EIA ........................................................................................................................................................ 29 NWEA................................................................................................................................................... 29 Deltares ............................................................................................................................................... 29 DUWIND .............................................................................................................................................. 30 Energy research Centre of the Netherlands ECN – ECN Wind Energy ................................................ 30 IMARES ................................................................................................................................................ 31 MARIN ................................................................................................................................................. 31 NLR....................................................................................................................................................... 32 German-Dutch Wind Tunnels .............................................................................................................. 33 TNO ...................................................................................................................................................... 33 9. Export promotion policies for the Dutch wind industry ...................................................................... 35 International export and knowledge agenda ...................................................................................... 35 10. References: .......................................................................................................................................... 35 11. Appendix A: Dutch Code of Conduct ................................................................................................... 38 ACM The Netherlands Authority for Consumers and Markets ........................................................... 46 12. Appendix C: Valuable Internet links .................................................................................................... 47 2 1. The Netherlands; review of existing data and reports on public policies for wind farm development Wind energy has been used in the Netherlands since the inception of the country. Windmills have harnessed the power of the wind to drain the wetlands, saw logs for building, grind grain for food, and many other industrial purposes. This has not changed as time progressed, though the type of wind power used has certainly changed. No longer large wooden or stone windmills but modern wind turbines spin to create the electricity that a modern country like the Netherlands needs. The conditions for offshore wind energy in the Netherlands are excellent: relatively shallow waters, good wind resource, good harbour facilities, experienced industry and a robust support system (Offshore wind energy in the Netherlands RVO, 2015).This study is essentially built on citates from published information (see the references), research results and market information. The historic process of development and introduction of the scheme Despite continuous efforts from