ΕΙΜΕΘΑ ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΕΣ ΕΠΕΙΔΗ ΕΙΜΕΘΑ ΕΛΛΗΝΕΣ [We are Macedonians Because we are Hellenes] Dreamstreet are long established as the leaders in home loan solutions with personal and business products to suit any individual. ΟΙΔΕ ΗΓΩΝΙΣΘΗΣΑΝ Our consultants will guide you through the entire process and will expose you to a wide network of providers. The concert : PIONEERING MULTICULTURALISM is dedicated to the kind memory of Australia’s Macedonian Hellenes whose contribution and input to the culture, Greek thought and customs will remain everlasting. The long list of the We are proud to offer you a competitive rates and low fees as well as transparency devotees to Hellenic legacies ALSO includes: and honesty at all times.

Amanatidis Antonios (Rev.) The great Australian dream of owning your home is still within reach. Here at Dreamstreet we make that possible by offering the best home loan, as our home Deligiannis Ploutarhos loans are competitive and varied. Dimtsis Anastasios All applications for our home loans are treated equally, as we also welcome self- Doropoulos Christophoros employed operators. Our home loans offer the lowest rates and great serv ices and we analyse your needs fi rst before we recommend the best home loan to suit you. Efkarpidis Theophilos We can also advise you on loans, investments and home loan refi nancing. Kasapidis Abraam Kyrou Athanasios FEATURES Liousas Stergios Loan Term 30 Years Minimum Loan Amount $50,000 Loustas Dimitrios Maximum Loan Amount None Mousias Anastasios Maximum LVR 95% Ninis Ioannis Repayment Frequency Weekly, Fortnightly & Monthly Nollidis Zissis Sikavitsas Nicholaos Loan Purpose: To Purchase or refi nance an owner occupied residential or Sioustis Eleftherios investment property. How to Apply Skenderis Ioannis Applying for a home loan is easy, simply call 1300 230 240 between 9am-6:30pm Tsitaridis Efstathios Monday to Friday or get one of our loan specialists to contact you by fi lling out a Tsoulias Nicholas contact form on the side of the page!

179 High St, Northcote VIC 3070 Ph: 1300 230 240 ■ Open daily 9am–6:30pm AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF MACEDONIAN STUDIES MESSAGE

The Australian Institute of Macedonian Studies celebrates its 30 years of contribution to Hellenism in Australia; it also celebrates the input of its members to the Macedonian Hellenic thought, intellect, culture and civilisation. Thirty years ago, a small group of professionals and dedicated devotees of Hellas joined forces and established the Institute to promote the tradition and history of Macedonia, to enhance the cultural aspiration of the region, to produce research and studies on Ancient, Byzantine and contemporary Macedonia within the national boarders of Hellas. Its mission also included the support and promotion of The Tsoulias Group scholarships, the enhancement of the teaching and learning of the , the maintenance of the Hellenic identity. Since then, the Institute has grown and continues to be and active. The celebrations of the 30th anniversary of the AIMS include the production of the 4th the family of Constantinos and Anna Tsoulias volume of the scientific journal of the Institute, titled Macedonian Studies Journal; the invitation of the prominent Greek scholar of contemporary and modern History of Greece, renowned Professor Ioannis Mourelos, presenting lecturers in WA, Victoria celebrate and NSW; the close collaboration with the Pan-Macedonian Association in the activities of 2016 DIMITRIA Festival; the close collaboration with the Greek Community of the contribution and role of Alexander the Great Melbourne and Victoria in organising this special concert titled Alexander the Great: Pioneering Multiculturalism. It took the talented composer, Christos Ioannidis to labour in the promotion of more than two years in creating and composing the music; it took the charismatic conductor Douglas Heywood, OAM more than a year’s hard work with the member artists the Greek language and Greek thought and of Camerata Chamber Orchestra and the Camerata Chorus to implement this creation on stage. I wish to express our profound satisfaction via the Conductor, and the leaders of the orchestra and the Choir, Mary Johnson and Simon Stone, to all those who perform this the dissemination of the Hellenic ideas and evening to bring memories and icons from the Asian depths and shed light on the world contribution of a Great Macedonian Hellene, Alexander the Great. On behalf of the Board of values to Asian and Western World. Directors of the Institute, I wish to congratulate all and each one of them for their immense contribution. Additionally, I would also like to thank our friends and in particular, our sponsors, who had supported the event with their trust and love. Finally, I am indebted to all of you present in this concert; it is your support and your presence that make this event signifi cant and honourable.

PROFESSOR ANASTASIOS M. TAMIS PRESIDENT

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2 3

Australian Institute of Macedonian Studies (AIMS) Celebrating 30 years of contribution to Hellenism

The Australian Institute for Macedonian inaugural President of the AIMS, Dr D. Studies (AIMS) was formed in August Iakovidis and P. Iasonidis Secretaries, N. 1986 by a group of academics, teachers Halatzoukas treasurer and M. Kasapides, and professionals, aiming to promote the Th. Karabatsas, N. Katris, P. Gogides, M. cultural and historical identity of Macedonian Kasnaxis, C. Mantzios and K. Hatzistavros Hellenism and to conduct research on members of the Board of Directors. socio-cultural, linguistic and historical issues The AIMS has managed over the pertinent to Hellenism who resided and years to widen its authority nationally and developed the wider geographical region internationally, establishing lectures and of Macedonia from the 11 century BC to seminars in state capitals, publishing the present day. The founding members six monographs and collective volumes, met at the premises of the then St Basil’s organising three international conferences, Brunswick Grammar School in Blyth Street, over 25 seminars and colloquia and Brunswick, electing P. Liveriadis Chairman numerous public lectures. The Institute of the Board, Professor Dr A. M. Tamis also produced a literary journal entitled

Anastasios M. Tamis (editor) Vasilis Sarafi dis (co-editor) Anastasios Panagiotelis (associate editor) Panagiotis Gogidis (secretary) Board of AIMS’ Directors Zisis Kozlakidis (I.T. expert) Panagiotis Liveriadis (chair) and Editorial Committee Christos Mantzios (treasurer) Helen Kalamboukas Theophani Karabatsas Makis Kaznaxis Terry Stavridis Statue of Alexander the Great at Thessaloniki city in Greece (Credit: Dreamstime)

6 7 Makedonikos Logos (Macedonian Logos) discussion of fi ndings and the identifi cation 2. Peter Connor (ed.), 1995: Ancient Mac- Byzantine Studies, Melbourne. This in 1986, a monthly Macedonian Bulletin of future directions for research. The works edonia: An Australian Symposium, publication of the AIMS comprises 232 distributed to its members and community of the Conference highlighted the complexity Mediterranean Archaeology, Sydney. This pages and included chapters by Angeliki E. organisations and a large number of of the issues surrounding the Macedonian publication of 135 pages, devoted to the Laiou of Harvard University; by Johannes cultural events including lectures, symposia, cultural heritage in an explicatory and renowned historian Nicholas Hammond, Koder of Vienna University; by Ioannis seminars and concerts in classical music. immitigable way. incorporates a monumental introduction Tarnanidis of the University of Thessaloniki; In 2014, the Institute published its refereed In July 1991, the AIMS organised by Professor Nicholas Hammond on by Johannes Irmscher of Berlin University; journal, titled Macedonian Studies Journal, its Second International Conference on Macedonia before Philip, and the chapters by Andreas Schminck of Frankfurt with contributions from scholars and Macedonian Studies focusing on Ancient on Ancient Macedonians by Eugene University; by Dion C. Smythe of King’s researchers from all over the world under Macedonia at the University of Melbourne. Borza (University of Pennsylvania), Peter College London; by Apostolos Karpozilos the sponsorship of Tziolas publishers in The Academic Committee of the Congress Londey (The War Memorial Museum, of the University of Ioannina; by Marthe Thessaloniki. was headed by the President of the Canberra), Elizabeth Baynham (University Grigoriou-Ioannidou of the University of Over the years, the members of the AIMS Department of Classical and Near Eastern of Newcastle), Ian Worthington (University Thessaloniki; by Dionyssia Myssiou of the published a number of articles in refereed Studies of the University of Melbourne, of Tasmania), Ian Sharples (University University of Thessaloniki; by Athanasios Journals on historical, linguistic and socio- Peter Connor. Other members of the of Western Australia), Leah McKenzie Karathanassis of the University of cultural issues pertaining to Macedonia; Committee included Prof. R. Milns (University (University of Melbourne), Graeme W. Thessaloniki; by J. H. W. G. Liebeschuetz of presented review studies on Macedonian of Queensland), A. McDevitt (Monash Clark (Humanities Research Centre, the University of Nottingham; by Alkmene Hellenism and the complex issues pertaining University), Dr N. Ashton (University of ANU), Peter J. Connor (University of Stavridou-Zafraka of the University of to Macedonia; advised Australian, Greek Western Australia), P. Thomas (University of Melbourne), Minor M. Markle (University Thessaloniki. and Cypriot governments and their agencies, New England), Prof. Con Castan (University of New England) and Greg H. R. Horsley including diplomatic representatives; of Queensland), Professor D. Pantermalis (University of New England). 4. Roger Scott and John Burke, 2000: submitted studies on ancient Macedonian (University of Thessaliniki), C. Procopiou Byzantine Macedonia: Art, Architecture, language, the Slavonic and Greek dialects (Victoria College) Dr G. Horsley, C. N. Fifi s and 3. Roger Scott and John Burke (eds), 2000: Music and Hagiography, NCHSR, La Trobe spoken in the wider geographic region of A. M. Tamis (La Trobe University). Byzantine Macedonia, Identity, Image University. Macedonia; compiled reports and offered The Third International Conference and History, Australian Association for erudite advice to government advisors on entitled Byzantine Macedonia was held at issues relevant to the Macedonian Question the University of Melbourne 10–17 July 1995 and its controversy amongst the involved by the AIMS with the participation of the ethnicities; promoted the music, culture, Australian Association for Byzantine Studies, folklore and the national costumes of the the University of Thessaloniki, the University wider Macedonia and the similarities and of Melbourne and La Trobe University. The differences between the Greek Macedonians Academic Committee comprised Prof. Roger and the Macedoslavs. Scott, John Burke (University of Melbourne), In 1997, the AIMS was academically Professor A. M. Tamis (La Trobe University), amalgamated within the National Centre for Professor Phaedon Malingoudis (University of Hellenic Studies and Research at La Trobe Thessaloniki). University until the eradication of the Centre in December 2008. The Board of Directors of Collective Volumes Published by AIMS: the AIMS has continued to liaise closely with 1. M. Tamis (ed.) 1990: Macedonian Hel- Australian and overseas university entities, lenism, River Seine Press, Melbourne. as well as with international research This collective volume of 395 pages centres, including the Institute for Balkan incorporating 32 articles trace the Greek Studies in Greece on research matters and origins of the people who inhabited publications. Macedonia from earliest antiquity through In February 1988, the AIMS organised to modern times. Macedonians, although its First International Conference on culturally and economically less advanced Macedonian Studies with the participation of than other Greeks for part of their distant 234 renowned academics and academicians past, have nonetheless been enshrined from 35 European, American, Asian and in Greek history for over four millennia. Australian Universities. The proceedings Two important themes are explored in of the Conference led to the publication of detail: the ethnic identity of Macedonians a collective volume edited by A. M. Tamis, (based on cultural attributes, historical entitled Macedonian Hellenism, published in legacies, perceived ancestry and linguistic 1990 in Melbourne by the River Seine Press. considerations) and the past and present The intention of the congress was to stimulate interactions between Macedonian Greeks Alexander Sarcophagus, illustration showing Alexander in the battle of Issus (333 BC) academic research, the dissemination and and their neighbours. (Credit: Ronald Slabke / CC-BY-SA-3.0)

8 9 Alexander the Great: From Military Conquest to Pioneering Multiculturalism

By Vasilis Sarafi dis and Anastasios Panagiotelis (AIMS)

Alexander the Great is renowned for his campaign in the Central Asian provinces of conquest of the Persian Empire in the fourth Bactria and Sogdia, consolidating his Empire century BC. His campaign began in Asia before defeating the Indian King Porus at the Minor in 334 BC with his fi rst major victory at Battle of the Hydaspes. With his army weary, the Battle of Granicus. As a result of further Alexander returned to Babylon where he success at the Battle of Issus, Alexander was would die at just 33 years of age. able to conquer Egypt, establishing the city While Alexander is famous for his military of Alexandria in the Nile Delta and visiting achievements, perhaps less is known about the Oracle of Zeus Ammon. After Alexander’s his profound cultural legacy. By taking active victory at the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 measures to unify fi rst the Hellenes, and BC, the Persian King, Darius III fl ed into the then all the ethnicities of his vast Empire, Central Asian hinterland of his crumbling Alexander can truly lay claim to be a pioneer empire where he would be murdered by the of multiculturalism. This impact has resonated local Satrap Bessus. Alexander continued his throughout the ages up until modern times. Map of the Empire of Alexander the Great (1893) (Credit: Wikimedia Commons/Public Domain) Alexander unifi es the Hellenes from the Persian yoke. The Panhellenic Idea discovery of the so-called “New World” in the One of Alexander’s fi rst achievements was and military coalition of the independent was fi rst proposed by Gorgias in a speech 16th century. to implement the so-called “Panhellenic and disparate Greeks, with the purpose delivered at the sacred site of Ancient The spread of Greek language in all Idea”; an ideology that envisioned the unity of liberating the Greek cities of Asia Minor Olympia in 392 BC. 1 However, the chief corners of the then known world, and the exponent of this idea was the Athenian orator mixing between Greek and foreign cultures Isocrates, who strongly urged Alexander’s would go on to have a tremendous global father Philip to lead this effort in 346 BC.2 signifi cance because they became a force for Alexander’s impact in unifying the developing a true spiritual unity among people Hellenes would extend beyond the military that surpassed national levels. As a result, sphere. Most notably, while dozens of local polytheistic religions declined, ultimately dialects were spoken by the Greeks during paving the way for the rise and spread of the period of classical antiquity, a unique ecumenical monotheistic faiths, most notably dialect, now known as “Hellenistic Koine” Christianity. emerged through Alexander’s army during Alexander’s campaign was the key his campaign. 3 Therefore we have, for the factor in the creation of the fi rst Philhellenic fi rst time, the creation of a common dialect Movement in history, which took place in a among the Greeks, combining elements vast area that incorporates the Middle East, from all main dialects of ancient Greek (Attic, Africa and Asia. For example, the kings of Doric, Ionic, and Aeolic). This single dialect, the Hellenistic empire of Parthia regularly which is also the precursor of the Modern stamped the designation “Philhellene” on Greek language that is spoken today in their currencies.5 Even nowadays, in the Greece, spread over an area of 5.2 million mountainous regions of Afghanistan and km2, from Egypt to India, and became the Pakistan many tribes boast that they are international lingua franca. This facilitated descendants of Alexander and the Greeks, communication and learning among hundreds such as the Kalash people in Chitral, as well of different ethnic groups, which together as the Chounza and the Patan people. with the migration of Greeks seeking new During the Hellenistic period, Greek life opportunities into Asia, encouraged scientists acquired new, broader scientifi c 4 In 333 B.C. Macedonian Hellene Alexander the Great defeats the Persian army at Issus (Credit: Image the internationalisation of trade. These horizons. They came into contact with courtesy Wikimedia, from an ancient mosaic in Pompeii, Italy) phenomena were arguably comparable to the ideas developed by other cultures and

10 11 utilised and combined them with their own the Antikythera mechanism, between 150 BC developments as the so-called New Comedy depiction of emotion (pathos) and character knowledge to achieve some of the greatest and 100 BC, based on the Babylonian Saros emerged. The best-known representative of (ethos) in the Hellenistic period.8 The famous intellectual progress in human history. Two cycle, which could predict with great accuracy New Comedy was Menander, who upgraded works of art that were created during the clear examples are the discovery of the the position of the sun and moon, as well as the role of slaves and assigned to them moral Hellenistic period include the Winged Victory Geographer Hipparchus (about. 190 BC – their eclipses. The Antikythera Mechanism is virtues traditionally ascribed to free men in of Samothrace, Venus de Milo, the c. 120 BC) of the precession of the equinoxes the oldest known analog computer in human the arts.7 of the Belvedere, and the Laocoon and His based on astronomical observations made history. During the same period, art was Sons, which is characteristic of the “Baroque” by the Babylonians, and the construction of transformed from the idealism in the style, developed in the Asia Minor around classical period to the realism and the 200 BC. Alexander unifi es Humanity Alexander’s signifi cance throughout the Ages Alexander the Great was the fi rst between “Greeks and Barbarians”.6 In this cosmopolitan in history. He envisioned, environment, the Stoic theory of “cosmic Alexander the Great not only consolidated the Renaissance in Europe — the spiritual established and nurtured the fi rst pneuma” gained in popularity, rejecting a global civilisation but also laid the base of which was humanism, derived from multicultural society in the world, with ethnic discrimination and establishing the foundations for its preservation over the the rediscovery of ancient Greek philosophy. mixed marriages (including Alexander’s own doctrine that the law of nature is above all centuries. The Museum and the Library of A typical example is the phrase credited to marriage to the Bactrian princess Roxanne), political boundaries. Alexandria, which, according to estimates, Protagoras: “Man is the measure of all thing”. a synthesis of civilisations, exchange of Under such circumstances, class possessed nearly 500,000 scrolls9 were at In addition to the Classical Era, the customs, tolerance for other cultures and distinctions between free citizens and the forefront of such preservation; the Library Hellenistic Era also heavily infl uenced the religions, and a common use of clothing, slaves started to fade out, to a certain of Pergamum and the Library of Antioch also Renaissance. In particular, the research diet and daily life. Alexander was able to extent; the Epicurean philosophy advised played an important role towards this end. methods used for scientifi c discovery, overcome national boundaries, proclaiming its followers to show mercy to all slaves, Before the advent of the Hellenistic as well as an ethos for free availability the unity and equality of all people. The while the Philosopher Zeno requested that period, the libraries that existed were typically and dissemination of knowledge that are oath of Alexander before his army in 324 he be treated as a slave. Ancient Greek art small and were usually under the supervision characteristics of the Renaissance had their BC in Opi of Asia rejected the dichotomy was infl uenced and transformed by these of religious authorities. To be able to gain origins in Hellenistic times. access to the material of these libraries, one The Museum of Alexandria was the fi rst had to be either a member of the clerical organised university and research center of hierarchy or a follower of the corresponding humanity. Hundreds of scientists, originating doctrine. This changed radically during the from many cultures across the world, lived Hellenistic period; the material collected in and worked there. Among the distinguished the libraries of Alexandria, Pergamon and Greeks who worked in the museum Antioch became available to all scholars and permanently or as visitors were Archimedes, visitors, regardless of their origins and their Aristarchus, Eratosthenes (who has recently religious beliefs.10 been described as “a Renaissance Man Scholars in these libraries collected, centuries before Renaissance”,12 Hipparchus, cataloged, inspected and reproduced all the the physician and anatomist Herophilos, surviving works of spiritual and philosophical the poet Callimachus, and the philologist texts of classical antiquity. These efforts Zenodotus, who was the fi rst librarian proved crucial to the maintenance of many and director of the Alexandria Library. The literary works, such as tragedies of the three Museum would later provide a model for great classical tragic playwrights Aeschylus, the Imperial Library of Constantinople, Sophocles and .11 the Academy of Gondishapur, the House Classical Greek antiquity had a great of Wisdom in Baghdad as well as the infl uence upon the Islamic Golden Age and universities of the European Renaissance. Conclusion

After defeating the Persians, Alexander all people regardless of race or creed. earned the right to create his own empire. Alexander led by example and established His vision of empire always extended to the multicultural cities and institutions where broader horizons than the political entity diverse cultures could intermingle and learn that would dissolve shortly after his death. from one another. The Hellenistic Age that Alexander’s vision was an empire of culture, Alexander inspired has continued to inspire art and science and an empire of the mind periods of social harmony, prosperity and and soul. Alexander knew that a precondition progress throughout history. Alexander the Laocoon and His Sons (Credit: Wikimedia Commons/Public Domain) for creating such an empire was to unite Great is truly a pioneer of multiculturalism.

12 13 Notes Αλεξάνδρειας και the references therein. introduced Greek literature into the former 1. Markle (1976). 12. See the excellent article by Randy Alfred “June Persian Empire, thereby infl uencing the 19, 240 B.C.E: The Earth Is Round, and It’s This 2. It is worth noting here that Isocrates had philosophical thought and writing of the region originally urged the Athenians to take on this role Big”. (and the same held true for the area known (Panegyrikos, 380 BC, paragraph 50), and then as Palestine where Greek literature found its Bibliography placed his hopes to Jason of Pherae, Dionysius way into the religious thought and scripture of Syracuse, and Archidamus, king of Sparta. Alfred, R. (June 19, 2008) “June 19, 240 B.C.E: However, the only person who actually had the of Judaism). The Great Library at Alexandria, The Earth Is Round, and It’s This Big”. Wired. military power to launch a campaign against the Egypt, which is said to have been started by Retrieved 2013-06-22. Persians was Philip, which is why the letters of Ptolemy I, became the most important center Isocrates to Philip had much greater political Dawson, Β. “Art from Classical to Hellenistic”, web for learning in the ancient world. Greek theatre article. signifi cance. fl ourished throughout the lands conquered 3. See the article published on the web Koine Markle, M.M. (1976), “Support of Athenian Intel- by Alexander and the amphitheaters built lectuals for Philip: A Study of Isocrates’ Philippus Greek Explained and the references therein, during the Hellenistic Period show markedly especially the book entitled History of the Greek and Speusippus’ Letter to Philip”, The Journal of Greek features no matter the nationality of the Language by Nikolaos Andriotis. Hellenic Studies, Vol. 96, pp. 80–99. architect nor the country of construction (one 4. See the article by Thomas Martin, An Overview Martin, Τ.R. “An Overview of Classical Greek Histo- of Classical Greek History from Mycenae to ry from Mycenae to Alexander”, web article. example being, Ai-Khanoum on the edge of Alexander. Papadopoulou T. (2008), “Euripides: Phoenician Bactria, modern day Afghanistan). 5. The word “philhellene” had two types of Women”, Bloomsbury Companions to Greek and “The spread of Greek infl uence and meaning in classical antiquity, and specifi cally Roman Tragedy, Bloomsbury: London. language is also shown through coinage. it was also used to indicate a “patriot”. Thus, Roisman, J. and I. Worthington (2010) “A Compan- Portrait of Alexander the Great. Marble, Portraits became more realistic, and in Isocrates’ Panegyrikos those Athenians who ion to Ancient Macedonia”, John Wiley & Sons. Hellenistic artwork, 2nd–1st century BC. Said the obverse of the coin was often resisted the Persians are called “philhellenes”, to be from Alexandria, Egypt. (Wikipedia) Russo, L. (2004) “The Forgotten Revolution: How used to display a propaganda image, while at the Panathinaikos speech Isocrates views Science Was Born in 300 BC and Why It Had To Be commemorating an event or displaying Philhellenism as a virtue of the Athenian ancestors. meaning “successors”): Lysimachus, Reborn”, Springer: Berlin. Cassander, Ptolemy and Seleucus. the image of a favoured god. The use of 6. The oath has survived through Pseudo- Sicker, M. (2000) “The pre-Islamic Middle East”, Greek-style portraits and Greek language Callisthenes’ “Alexander Romance” and Plutarch Lysimachus took Thrace and much of Asia Greenwood Publishing Group: Westport. (Parallel Lives, ch. Alexander the Great). Minor; Cassander, Macedonia and Greece; continued into the Parthian period, even Sharples, R.W. (1996) “Stoics, Epicureans and as Greek as a language was in decline” 7. See Westernmann (1955), pages 39–40. Ptolemy seized Egypt, Palestine, Cilicia, Petra, Sceptics: An Introduction to Hellenistic Philoso- and Cyprus (thus beginning the Ptolemaic (gnostic fi les). 8. The article by Blythe Dawson Art from Classical phy”, Routledge: New York. to Hellenistic provides a brief summary for this Dynasty in Egypt which lasted until the death Even after the rise of the Republic of Rome Tarn, W.W. (2003) “Alexander the Great: Volume II. subject. of Cleopatra VII in 31 BCE) while Seleucus and then the Roman Empire, Greek language, Sources and Studies”, Cambridge University Press: 9. See the related article Library of Alexandria in Cambridge. took control of the rest of Asia (so founding attitudes, philosophy, understanding and Wikipedia. Westermann, W.L. (1955) “The Slave Systems the Seleucid Empire which was comprised of overall culture spread from the civilisations 10. Papadopoulou T. (2008), page 25. of Greek and Roman Antiquity, The American Philo- Syria, Babylon, Persia, and India). conquered by Alexander the Great and his 11. See the excellent article Η Βιβλιοθήκη της sophical Society: Philadelphia, Ch. VI-VII. Hellenic infl uence continued to spread Generals to others in the East and then throughout the lands ruled by the Diadochi north to Europe through trade and, further, and Greek dedications, statues, architecture by Roman conquest, thereby Hellenising and inscriptions have been found in the entire world of antiquity and infl uencing The Hellenistic World: abundance in every locale. Greek language virtually every culture of the earth today. The World of Alexander the Great by Joshua J. Mark

The Hellenistic World (“Hellenistic” from the of Greece and then lead his army on a series Greek word Hellas for Greece) is the known of campaigns which successfully conquered world after the conquests of Alexander the the then-known world from Macedon, through Great and corresponds roughly with the Greece, down to Egypt, across Persia, to Hellenistic Period of ancient Greece, from 323 India. Alexander’s tutor was the Greek BCE (Alexander’s death) to the annexation philosopher (384–322 BCE) and, as of Greece by Rome in 148/6 BCE (although Alexander travelled, he spread Greek thought Rome’s rule ended Greek independence and and culture in his wake, thus “Hellenising” autonomy it did nothing to signifi cantly change (to make ‘Greek’ in culture and civilisation) nor did it in any way halt the Hellenisation of those he conquered. the world of the day). After Alexander’s death his Empire was Alexander the Great (356–323 BCE) of divided among his four generals (known in Macedon fi rst followed in his father’s (King Latin as the Diadochi, the name by which they Phillip II) footsteps in subduing the city-states are still referenced, from the Greek, Diadokhoi, Map of the successor Kingdoms before the battle of Ipsus (Wikimedia Commons/Public Domain)

14 15 ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑ PROGRAM

ΜΕΡΟΣ Α’ PART Α’

1. Άκτιε Αλέξανδρε – Χορωδία 1. Alexander, Ray of Light! – Choir

2. Καβείρια Μυστήρια – Αφήγηση 2. Cabeirian Mysteries – Narration Κείμενο: Χρήστος Ιωαννίδης By: Christos Ioannidis

3. Ο Πλούταρχος Γράφει – Αφήγηση 3. Plutarch Writes – Narration Κείμενο: Χρήστος Ιωαννίδης By: Christos Ioannidis

4. Όνειρα – Γέννηση Αλεξάνδρου – Σοπράνο/Βαρίτονος/Χορωδία 4. Dreams – Alexander’s Birth – Soprano/Baritone/Choir

5. Αριστοτέλης και Αλέξανδρος – Αφήγηση 5. Aristotle and Alexander – Narration Κείμενο: Χρήστος Ιωαννίδης By: Christos Ioannidis

6. Μόρφωση Αλεξάνδρου – Σοπράνο/Βαρίτονος/Χορωδία 6. Alexander’s Education – Soprano/Baritone/Choir

7. Βουκεφάλας – Βαρίτονος/Σοπράνο/Χορωδία 7. Bucephalus – Baritone/Soprano/Choir

8. Εκστρατεία – Αφήγηση 8. War Campaign – Narration Κείμενο: Χρήστος Ιωαννίδης By: Christos Ioannidis

9. Πόλεμος – Βαρίτονος/Χορωδία 9. War – Baritone/Choir

ΜΕΡΟΣ Β’ PART Β’

10. Παλαιστίνη, Αίγυπτος – Αφήγηση 10. Palestine, Egypt – Narration Κείμενο: Χρήστος Ιωαννίδης By: Christos Ioannidis

11. Πριν τον γάμο του Αλεξάνδρου – Αφήγηση 11. Before Alexander’s Wedding – Narration Κείμενο: Χρήστος Ιωαννίδης By: Christos Ioannidis

12. Γάμος Αλεξάνδρου – Σοπράνο/Χορωδία 12. Aexander’s Wedding – Soprano/Choir

13. Ινδίαι – Αφήγηση 13. India – Narration Κείμενο: Χρήστος Ιωαννίδης By: Christos Ioannidis

14. Το Μοιρολόι της Ολυμπιάδας – Αφήγηση/Σοπράνο/Χορωδία 14. Olympias’ Lamentation – Narration/Soprano/Choir Κείμενο: Χρήστος Ιωαννίδης By: Christos Ioannidis

15. Στο Πάνθεον των Ηρώων – Βαρίτονος/Χορωδία 15. In the Pantheon of Heroes – Baritone/Choir 16. Πάνθεον – Αφήγηση 16. Pantheon – Narration Κείμενο: Χρήστος Ιωαννίδης By: Christos Ioannidis 17. Αλέξανδρε, Αλέξανδρε – Σοπράνο/Βαρίτονος/Χορωδία 17. Alexander, Alexander – Soprano/Varitone/Choir

16 17 Christos Ioannidis Douglas Heywood OAM Composition / Orchestrations / Lyrics Conductor In 1979, Douglas was appointed to the Christos Ioannidis is a Melbourne based composed music for the ABC television Douglas Heywood holds an enviable Education Faculty at Melbourne University composer, singer and poet born in Greece. series ANDRA and SBS for the Sammy Award reputation as one of Australia’s leading as lecturer in Music Education, a position He studied at the National Conservatorium of winning documentary Song for Melbourne. conductors and music educators. He is he held until retirement in 1995. His Greece, prior to migrating to Australia in 1973 Christos also composed additional music known and respected as an integral part of commitment to music education inspired and studying at the Melba Conservatorium of for the fi lm Kostas by Paul Cox in 1983; for the Australian musical community. the founding of the Melbourne School Bands Music. the plays Ifi genia En Avlidi by Sophoc les At 18 he joined the National Theatre Festival and a choral festival for schools in From 1975–1979 he promoted Ethnic [Ancient Greek tragedy] and Ekklisiasuses Opera School and soon became a principal Hobsons Bay. Douglas is in regular demand Music at La Mama Theatre; in 1977, by Aristophanes for the Epidavros Theatre artist with the National Theatre Opera as an adjudicator and he has adjudicated at he staged the premier performance of Melbourne. He also composed children and later the Victorian Opera Company. By major eisteddfods in Victoria, South Australia his composition Free Besieged with the musicals, including The Gods of Olympus 1966, he had established himself as one and Tasmania. Melbourne Philharmonic Orchestra; In 1978, performed at Westgarth Theatre with his of Melbourne’s most sought-after baritone In 1995, Douglas was awarded the Medal Christos was successful in receiving a grant students; the musical Lucky Peter’s Journey soloists and his operatic roles included the of the Order of Australia in recognition of his from the Australian Performing Arts Board by Strindberg, performed by Theatre Parikia. title roles in Rigoletto (Verdi); The Marriage of service to music education and community for Composition — creating his Symphonia He also composed the Taxidi, a contemporary Figaro (Mozart) and Marcello in Puccini’s La music and in 2013 he was named Hobson’s Polytechnique which was performed in 1979 ballad, commissioned by Ethnic Affairs of Boheme. Bay Australia Day Citizen of the Year at Dallas Brooks Hall for the Festival of All Victoria for the Melbourne-Thessaloniki Sister In 1974, Douglas was appointed for “making an outstanding contribution to Nations; in 1980, he performed his atonal City celebrations performed at Melbourne conductor of the Camberwell Chorale (a the artistic and cultural life of the city and composition Massa Confusa at the National Concert Hall. position he still holds); in 1976, he formed services to the community of Hobsons Bay”. Gallery of Victoria with the Spiros Randos In 1984, he participated in the Melbourne the Camerata Orchestra and continues to In 2005, Douglas conducted the orchestra Ensemble-E from Vienna. Summer Music Festival in the Greek Jazz be their conductor. In 1983, Douglas formed for three concerts in Melbourne by Greek He performed in many festivals and concert with Herbie Mann at the Concert and became Musical Director of the Victorian legend Michalis Hatzigiannis. Douglas concerts in Australia as well as his birthplace. Hall; he also acted as a Conductor and Concert Choir. In 1988, he was appointed has over 100 major choral and orchestral His most well-received performances include: Arranger for the Greek Song Festival (1980– the Choral Director for G.T.V. Channel 9’s works in his repertoire including world On Australia Day of 1979, he sang his 1987), after winning fi rst prize in 1977 and national television production of Carols premieres: Stelios Tsiolas’ At Dawn, Michael own composed songs with the Melbourne 1978; also in 1987 he won the fi rst prize By Candlelight. In 1997, Douglas became Easton’s Unsung Heroes and this year’s Symphony Orchestra; In 1981, he was in the Radio 3EA (SBS Radio) Children’s Musical Director of the Victorian State exciting new work by Christos Ioannidis, commissioned by the Education Department Song Competition for the International Year Singers. From 2000 –2007 he was Musical Alexander the Great. of Victoria to compose 12 children songs of Peace. In 2014, he was nominated for Director of the acclaimed Melbourne Welsh for the Greek curriculum program. He also Australian of the Year Award. Male Voice Choir.

18 19 Lauren Oldham Camerata Chorus Lauren Oldham graduated from the Victorian College of the Arts in 2005 with a Conductor Soprano Jennifer Stengards Bachelor of Music Performance (Honours) Douglas Heywood OAM Nicola Barnard Alice Symons During her time there she received Repetiteur Brigid De Neefe Bronwyn Whitten numerous scholarships and prizes. At age Simon Stone Annette Dick Tenor 21 she was the youngest winner of the Susan Henry Rob Adams Melbourne Welsh Male Choir’s Singer of Jacqueline Love Natalya Beloborovo the Year competition and also won the Rebecca Major Geoffrey Collin Dandenong Youth Aria. Lauren was a fi nalist Rachel Meletis Sean Dillon in the 2009 Herald Sun Aria. She has been Cara Richards John Gregory a soloist for the Melbourne Chorale, Box Beth Richardson Bradley Hall Hill Chorale, Melbourne Bach Choir and Kate Smith Alan Keating the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra. She Lauren Stanley Colin MacDonald has sung many times with the Camberwell Kirstie Stanley Dominic McKenna Chorale in performances including Handel’s Dona Taleska Chris Murray Messiah, Mendelssohn’s Elijah, Michael Emily Tang John Stenning Tippett’s A Child of Our Time and Mozart’s Sylvie Tang Mass in C Minor. This concert marks Bass Natasha Tsiloglou-Cetiner Lauren’s fi rst performance at the Melbourne Kristian Clancy Recital Centre and her fi rst performance Alto Michael Coughlan under her newly married name Lauren Judith Burns John Dagley Savrasov. Describing herself as someone Alexandra Cameron John Davies with eclectic taste, Lauren enjoys listening Dianne Camilleri Gerard Evans to and performing a wide variety of musical Bronwen Lane Kevin Maynes repertoire both classical and contemporary. Christine Liao Adam Nash Susan Moore Phillip Newsham Janette Rees Maurie Richardson Adrian McEniery Marg Rogers David Sharp Adrian McEniery is a multi award-winning Camerata Chamber Orchestra artist with a career spanning opera, concert, recital and radio, is a Churchill Fellow and has twice been nominated for Green Room Conductor Flute Piano Awards. He has toured throughout Australia Douglas Heywood OAM Helen Hardy Simon Stone and internationally working with the major Leader Oboe Violins opera companies of Australia and New Mary Johnston Robert Millar* Karla Hanna Zealand, and in children’s musical theatre Clarinet Mary Johnston in Asia and the Middle East. Adrian has Christopher Ondaatje Mana Ohashi performed at St Martin in the Fields, with Estelita Rae the Scottish Chamber orchestra and for French Horn Jackie Tinsley Cate Waugh the major Arts Festivals of Australia and is Annabel Wyburn a versatile and engaging performer with a Trumpets Imelda Yalcin repertoire including a number of Australian Robert Harry* Violas and World premiere performances. He Amber Lomanowic Janet Mason presents and regularly produces for 3MBS Trombone Amerentia Van Lammeren Fine Music Melbourne, and mentors Young Eric Clay Cellos Artists from the Opera Studio Melbourne. Timpani Gerald Keuneman OAM Credits: Elissa Goodrich* Robert Ekselman Gordon Gunn Drums/Percussion Double Bass Score Graphic Editor Gavin Demouskos Eugene Belenko Mat O’connor Keyboard Gordon Gunn Score Conversion Chris Nicolaidis Acoustic Guitar Video and Sample Editing Andreas Koikas Mat O’connor

20 21 Rena Frangioudakis Alexander, Ray of Light! Dreams – Alexander’s Birth Lyrics: Kostas Tampakis Lyrics/Music: Christos Ioannidis Rena Frangioudakis, OAM was born in Music: Christos Ioannidis the city of Chania, Crete and migrated to Prophetic dreams with thunder, lightning Australia in 1966. Upon her settlement, she Alexander Ray of Light! Macedonian and fl ames from the sky. Sacred signs was engaged as a broadcaster in various Hellene and virtuous child of Olympias pressed onto the belly of Olympias: the commercial radio stations as well as the and of Olympian Zeus! Great General! lion, the spear and the sun. Prophets SBS and ABC. In 1994, she joined the Greek Dorian Eagle! War Horse of the predict the coming of a great King who Media Group and closely collaborated as will change the world, ruling with justice. a journalist, presenter and programmer Hellenes! Ruler of the World! in the newspaper TA NEA, the TV HELLAS It was you Alexander, leader of the television and the 3XY radio station creating Άκτιε Αλέξανδρε Hellenes, descendent of Achilles and her own cultural and social programs and Ποίηση: Κώστας Ταμπάκης Hercules. The great King is born. special segments for the children. She also Μουσική: Χρήστος Ιωαννίδης participated on a number of TV programs of Όνειρα – Γέννηση Αλεξάνδρου Channel 7 and 10 as well as documentaries Άκτιε Αλέξανδρε Στίχοι/Μουσική: Χρήστος Ιωαννίδης in SBS. της χορωδίας έξαρχε Over the years Rena was involved as Australian society and the dissemination of πρώτε τραβώντας το χορό Όνειρα προφητικά a volunteer in numerous philanthropic the Hellenic civilisation she was awarded πρώτε σε αγώνα ιερό κεραυνοί βροντές campaigns as well as in multiple cultural a number of distinctions, including εξ’ ουρανού φωτιές Έλληνα Μακεδόνα events, promoting the socio-economic Honorary Life Memberships by various σημεία θεϊκά welfare of the Greek Australians, their philanthropic societies, the Greek Australia αιώνια είσαι ανεμώνα Η Ολυμπιάδα είδε όνειρο national and cultural activities and their Cultural League of Melbourne, the Hellenic Του ήλιου μέγα εκλεκτέ πως στην κοιλιά της έπεσε history, language and culture. Australian Chambers of Commerce and της οικουμένης αρεστέ In 1988, the Australian Government Industries and the Australian Government ουράνια φωτιά της άνασσας Ολυμπιάδος in recognition of her multi-faceted with the OAM in 2010. In 2016, Rena δυνάμωσε κι απλώθηκε άξιον τέκνον humanitarian activities and her aspirations celebrates fi fty years of active contribution ως την Ασία μακριά as a volunteer philanthropist appointed to the Greek Community and the Australia και του Ολυμπίου Διός her to the Federal Advisory Committee on Society. δάκτυλον έκτον Αλλά κι ο Φίλιππος είδε όνειρο multicultural matters. For her unfailing με το βασιλικό του σφραγιδόλιθο Του φίλου ίππων επικέ contribution to Hellenism, the broader πως σφράγισε της Ολυμπιάδας την κοιλιά και της Ελλάδος πρώτε υιέ κι ενεφανίσθη πρόσωπο απώτατε υπαρξιστή με λιονταριού μορφή κάθε ιδέας πορθητή ένα δόρυ κι ένας ήλιος Άναξ ανώτατε που έφερνε τη νέα αυγή και μέγα στρατηλάτη των Δωριέων αετέ Μάντες και προφήτες και των Ελλήνων άτι διελάλησαν Άξων δεκαεξάκτινε τον ερχομό ενός μεγάλου βασιλιά ακτινοβόλε εκλεκτέ που θ’ άλλαζε τον κόσμο Vaios Anastassopoulos αλεξικέραυνε αγωγέ θα κυβερνούσε δίκαια Vaios Anastassopoulos is an Australian και του πλανήτη οδηγέ και ειρηνικά Lawyer and a radio producer. He is the Και ήσουν εσύ Αλέξανδρε principal solicitor of Aniston Lawyers and Αλέκτωρ έξαλλε δεινέ των Πανελλήνων έξαρχε a radio producer for SBS Radio Greek της οικουμένης κύριε Language Program since 1999. He has και σαλπιγκτή εγερτήριε απόγονε του Αχιλλέα produced a number of thought provoking των θαρραλέων των δειλών του μυθικού Ηρακλή radio programs and has participated as a των ενδεών των κροίσων ο μέγας Βασιλέας narator in a number of cultural events in πυρήν εν μέσω ίσων έχει γεννηθεί Melbourne. Vaios knows byzantine music and he is the choir master of the Parish of St Haralambos Greek Orthodox church in Templestowe, Melbourne. He migrated to Australia in 1993 from Thessaloniki, Greece. He is married with two children.

22 23 Alexander’s Education Βουκεφάλας τον Περσικό στρατό Olympias’ Lamentation ο Δαρείος αιφνιδιάστηκε Lyrics/Music: Christos Ioannidis Στίχοι/Μουσική: Χρήστος Ιωαννίδης Lyrics/Music: Christos Ioannidis κι ετράπη σε φυγή Aristotle was your great mentor, What has happened to you my boy? Κεραυροφόρε Αλέξανδρε τη δόξα του εξαφάνισε educating you in philosophy, philology, Who closed your eyes, never to open από μικρό παιδί η ελληνική πυγμή medicine and music, cosmology, έδειξες τόλμη και ορμή again. You were everything in my life, Οι μάχες συνεχίστηκαν geography, zoology and botany. But με νόηση και εξυπνάδα my bright star. The message has spread Περσέπολη και Ισσό above all he taught you of the nature με μια σου κίνηση ευφυή everywhere, my Alexander is gone, and ως τα βάθη της Φρυγίας of the soul, of mindfulness and virtue. εδάμασες τον Βουκεφάλα nobody knows how. Was it illness, an Aristotle made you a man, elevated your κι ως το Γόρδιο Δεσμό arrow or something more treacherous? Ο Βουκεφάλας έγινε soul and armed your spirit. ο γενναίος στρατηλάτης Now your mother cries for you and so το πρώτο απόκτημά σου ο μεγάλος νικητής does your whole army. Open your eyes, το αγαπημένο σου άλογο Μόρφωση Αλεξάνδρου είναι ο νέος βασιλέας my boy, open your eyes. Στίχοι/Μουσική: Χρήστος Ιωαννίδης φίλος μες την καρδιά σου των Περσών και Βακτριανής Κι αυτό ήταν μόνον η αρχή Το Μοιρολόι της Ολυμπιάδας Παιδαγωγοί και δάσκαλοι Alexander’s Wedding είχαν τη μόρφωσή σου για τα μεγάλα οράματά σου Στίχοι/Μουσική: Χρήστος Ιωαννίδης ένωσες όλους τους Έλληνες Lyrics/Music: Christos Ioannidis ο Αριστοτέλης ήτανε Ποιος σου ’κοψε τις ρίζες σου κι έγιναν η γροθιά σου The time has come for Alexander to ο μέντορας του νου σου και στέγνωσε η μορφή σου wed, for he has fallen in love with the Η ελληνική ψυχή γιγάντωσε τι μου ’καμες λεβέντη μου Διέπλασε το πνεύμα σου beautiful Persian Roxanne. Long may έβγαλε τη μιλιά της τι μου ’κανες ψυχή μου με σθένος με σοφία they live and love one another. Two για νέες νίκες πιο λαμπρές κι έλαμψε μέσα σου το φως strangers who were enemies have Ποιος σου ’κλεισε τα μάτια σου άνοιξε τα φτερά της για μια λαμπρή πορεία become one. Τwo cultures now sing and αχ μοσχολούλουδό μου Φιλοσοφία φιλολογία War dance together. Let us celebrate this ήσουν ό,τι είχα στη ζωή new age where nothing divides us! αστέρι φωτεινό μου ιατρική και μουσική Lyrics/Music: Christos Ioannidis κοσμολογία γεωγραφία Καμπάνα φέρ’ το μήνυμα The Panhellenic campaign, led by Γάμος Αλεξάνδρου ζωολογία βοτανική σε κάθε γη και τόπο Alexander, sets out to Asia to take Στίχοι/Μουσική: Χρήστος Ιωαννίδης ο Αλέξανδρός μου έφυγε Μα πάνω απ’ όλα εστίασε vengeance against the Persian King Έφθασε η ώρα η καλή δεν ξέρω με ποιον τρόπο στη φύση της ψυχής Darius who had tyrannised Greece. ο Αλέξανδρος να νυμφευθεί της υψηλής διανόησης The fi rst battle took place at Granicus, έχει τρελά ερωτευτεί Αρρώστια ή βέλος ήτανε κι αυτή της αρετής Alexander split the Persian army and μια Περσίδα διαλεχτή συνέργεια ήταν ή δόλος chased the startled Darius away. And σε κλαίει η δόλια η μάνα σου Ο Αριστοτέλης σε άνδρωσε Η καρδούλα του χτυπάει with that the Persian King’s glory και ο στρατός σου όλος ύψωσε την ψυχή σου τη Ρωξάνη αγαπάει evaporated at the hands of the Greeks. και όπλισε το πνεύμα σου που είναι όμορφη σαν ρόδι Ξεσφάλισε τα μάτια σου για την αποστολή σου ξεσφάλισε τα μάτια σου Πόλεμος πριγκιπέσα από σόι την πανελλήνια και ιερή λαμπρή αποστολή σου Στίχοι/Μουσική Χρήστος Ιωαννίδης Να μας ζήσετε In the Pantheon of Heroes να προκόψετε Η πανελλήνια εκστρατεία Lyrics/Music Christos Ioannidis Bucephalus σαν δυο πουλάκια μικρά με τον Αλέξανδρο αρχηγό The world still exalts and admires your Lyrics/Music: Christos Ioannidis ν’ αγαπιόσαστε ξεκινά για την Ασία vision and your boldness. Although you Alexander, as a child you showed daring σε έναν πόλεμο ιερό Δυο ξένοι ήσαν δυο εχθροί conquered many lands you humiliated and courage, and with cunning you να εκδικηθούν τους Πέρσες κι έχουνε τώρα ενωθεί none, and you treated your vanquished tamed Bucephalus. Taming Bucephalus το Δαρείο το φοβερό δυο κουλτούρες δυο λαοί foes with respect and dignity. You laid που για χρόνια τυραννούσαν πίνουν τραγουδούν μαζί was your fi rst great deed, but more the foundation for the Hellenic ideal, τον Ελληνικό λαό than that, Bucephalus, your favourite Τίποτα δεν τους χωρίζει for justice amongst Peoples and the horse, was a friend. This was just the Η πρώτη μάχη δόθηκε μια εποχή καινούρια αρχίζει value of humanity. Now you live in the beginning, you would go on to unite the εκεί στο Γρανικό στο χορό στο μετερίζι Pantheon of Heroes. Greeks, and lead them to victory. κι ο Αλέξανδρος εσάρωσε ο ζουρνάς πανηγυρίζει

24 25 Στο Πάνθεον των Ηρώων το σύμπαν συνωμότησε Aristotle, Alexander’s Teacher στον δίκαιό σου αγώνα Στίχοι/Μουσική: Χρήστος Ιωαννίδης “the wisest, and justest, and best of all men whom I have Το όνομά σου ακόμα βασιλεύει Στο διάβα σου κατέλησες τα πέρατα του κόσμου θεσμούς και τυραννίες ever known...” (Phaedo, Plato) θαυμάζει και μαγεύει επέβαλες κι εδραίωσες το όραμά σου, η ορμή σου παντού δημοκρατίες they also named Pythias. Soon after η θεϊκή καταγωγή σου Hermias’ death, Aristotle was invited Αλέξανδρε, Αλέξανδρε by Philip II of Macedon to become the τη φαντασία κυριεύει μεγάλε στρατηλάτη tutor to his son Alexander in 343 BC. By Λαούς και χώρες η φήμη σου εξαπλώθηκε 335 BC, Artistotle had returned to , μακρινές κατέκτησες σε μήκη και σε πλάτη establishing his own school there known έδειξες φρόνηση as the Lyceum. Aristotle conducted courses Λαοί σε υποδέχθηκαν at the school for the next twelve years. δεν παραφέρθηκες σαν ελευθερωτή τους While in Athens, his wife Pythias died and με σεβασμό στον ηττημένο με σένα ένα γίνανε Aristotle became involved with Herpyllis of αξιοπρεπώς φέρθηκες και εσύ ένα μαζί τους Stagira, who bore him a son whom he Τους αναγέννησες named after his father, Nicomachus. Αλέξανδρε απυρόβλητε According to the , he also had τους αναμόρφωσες και μέγα βασιλέα an eromenos, Palaephatus of Abydus. με την ελληνική ιδέα εξύψωσες το πνεύμα This period in Athens, between 335 and τους ενέπνευσες την ελληνική ιδέα 323 BC, is when Aristotle is believed to have και για τα δίκαια των λαών composed many of his works. He wrote many και της ανθρώπινης αξίας Εδίδαξες και ανέδειξες dialogues of which only fragments have θεμέλιο λίθο έθεσες την ελληνική παιδεία survived. Those works that have survived are γνώση τέχνες γράμματα Bust of Aristotle. Marble, Roman copy after a in treatise form and were not, for the most Και τώρα που δε ζεις γλώσσα και θρησκεία Greek bronze original by Lysippos from 330 BC. part, intended for widespread publication; στο πάνθεον των ηρώων (Wikimedia) they are generally thought to be lecture aids σαν ένα φως ανέσπερο Κι όμως ο Αλέξανδρος UNESCO has declared 2016 as the for his students. His most important treatises αιώνια φεγγοβολείς δεν έμεινε εκεί πέρα anniversary year of the great Greek thinker include Physics, Metaphysics, Nicomachean αγκάλιασε το όνειρο Aristotle since it marks 2,400 years since his Ethics, Politics, De Anima (On the Soul) Alexander, Alexander και πέταξε πιο πέρα birth. Aristotle, whose name means “the best and Poetics. Lyrics/Music: Christos Ioannidis purpose”, was born in 384 BC in Stagira, Aristotle not only studied almost every Η λάμψη του ταξίδεψε Chalcidice, about 55 km east of Thessaloniki. subject possible at the time, but made Alexander, Alexander great general. σ’ ανατολή και δύση His father Nicomachus was the personal signifi cant contributions to most of them. In Your fame has spread to all corners το πνεύμα του εκθειάσανε physician to King Amyntas of Macedon. physical science, Aristotle studied anatomy, of the world. People welcomed you τον είχαν θεοποιήσει Aristotle as a child probably spent some time astronomy, embryology, geography, as their liberator, under you they are within the Macedonian palace, making his geology, meteorology, physics and zoology. Στο διάβα σου κατέκλεισες united and you are united with them. fi rst connections with the Royal Court. In philosophy, he wrote on aesthetics, θεσμούς και τυραννίες Alexander, great King, you have At about the age of eighteen, ethics, government, metaphysics, politics, Aristotle moved to Athens to continue economics, psychology, rhetoric and promoted the spirit of the Hellenic επέβαλλες κι εδραίωσες παντού δημοκρατίες his education at Plato’s Academy. He theology. He also studied education, ideal, spreading Greek education, remained there for nearly twenty years foreign customs, literature and poetry. wisdom, arts, literature, language and Αλέξανδρε, Αλέξανδρε before leaving Athens in 348/47 BC, His combined works constitute a virtual religion. μεγάλε στρατηλάτη disappointed with his teacher Plato, who encyclopedia of Greek knowledge. Alexander, Macedonian Hellene, η φήμη σου εξαπλώθηκε appointed his nephew Speusippus as his In 322 BC, Athenians Demophilus destiny favoured your just struggle, you σε μήκη και σε πλάτη successor in the Academy. and Eurymedon the Hierophant denounced enlightened the West and the East and Aristotle then accompanied Xenocrates Aristotle for impiety, prompting him to fl ee to your spirit is admired and venerated. to the court of his friend Hermias of his mother’s family estate in Chalcis, He died Atarneus in Asia Minor. There, he traveled in Euboea of natural causes later that same Αλέξανδρε, Αλέξανδρε with Theophrastus to the island of Lesbos, year, having named his student Antipater as Στίχοι/Μουσική: Χρήστος Ιωαννίδης where together they researched his chief executor. Cassandros, the new king the botany and zoology of the island. of Macedonia, fi nally brought his ashes to Αλέξανδρε, Αλέξανδρε Aristotle married Pythias, Hermias’ adoptive Stageira, where they were placed in an altar Έλληνα Μακεδόνα daughter. She bore him a daughter, whom in front of the City’s Prytaneion.

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8 ΗΜΕΡΗ ΕΚΔΡΟΜΗ 16 ΗΜΕΡΗ ΕΚΔΡΟΜΗ PETER ALISANDRATOS Manager 9 ΙΟΥΝΙΟΥ: ΑΙΓΙΝΑ – ΠΟΡΟΣ – ΥΔΡΑ – 6 ΙΟΥΛΙΟΥ: ΕΥΡΩΠΗ – ΑΘΗΝΑ – ΧΑΝΙΑ – ΗΡΑΚΛΕΙΟ – ΚΝΩΣΣΟΣ – ΠΑΤΡΑ – ΑΝΚΟΝΑ – ΡΩΜΗ – ΜΟΝΤΕ PRAHRAN TRAVEL (VIC) PTY. LTD. ΦΑΙΣΤΟΣ – ΣΗΤΕΙΑ – ΗΡΑΚΛΕΙΟ – ΚΑΡΛΟ – ΠΑΡΙΣΙ – ΛΟΝΔΙΝΟ – ΒΡΥΞΕΛΛΕΣ ΣΑΝΤΟΡΙΝΗ – ΠΕΙΡΑΙΑ – ΣΤΡΑΣΒΟΥΡΓΟ – ΜΙΛΑΝΟ – ΒΕΝΕΤΙΑ – 325 CHAPEL STREET PRAHRAN ΠΑΤΡΑ – ΑΘΗΝΑ 8 ΗΜΕΡΗ ΕΚΔΡΟΜΗ SHOP 57, LEVEL 1 • PRAHRAN CENTRAL 16 ΗΜΕΡΗ ΕΚΔΡΟΜΗ 9 ΙΟΥΝΙΟΥ: ΑΙΓΙΝΑ – ΠΟΡΟΣ – ΥΔΡΑ – VICTORIA 3181 AUSTRALIA ΧΑΝΙΑ – ΗΡΑΚΛΕΙΟ – ΚΝΩΣΣΟΣ – ΦΑΙΣΤΟΣ – 27 ΙΟΥΛΙΟΥ: ΑΘΗΝΑ – ΠΑΤΡΑ – ΑΝΚΟΝΑ Visitor Visas | Student Visas | Working Visas | Subclass 457 VisasBusiness ΧΑΝΙΑ – ΓΥΘΕΙΟ – ΖΑΚΥΝΘΟΣ – ΑΘΗΝΑ – ΜΙΛΑΝΟ – ΠΑΡΙΣΙ – ΑΜΣΤΕΡΝΤΑΜ – Tel: (03) 9510 4793 ΑΝΝΟΒΕΡΟ – ΠΟΤΣΝΤΑΜ – ΒΕΡΟΛΙΝΟ – Sponsorships | Partner and Parent Visas | Australian Citizenships | 11 ΗΜΕΡΗ ΕΚΔΡΟΜΗ Fax: (03) 9521 3440 ΔΡΕΣΔΗ – ΠΡΑΓΑ – ΑΥΣΤΡΙΑ – ΒΕΝΕΤΙΑ – Resident Return Visas | Corporate Migration Advice 20 ΙΟΥΝΙΟΥ: ΑΘΗΝΑ – ΣΟΦΙΑ – ΝΟΒΙΣΑΝΤ ΑΓΚΟΝΑ – ΠΑΤΡΑ – ΑΘΗΝΑ Email: [email protected] – ΜΠΡΑΤΙΣΛΑΒΑ – ΒΙΕΝΗ – ΠΡΑΓΑ – 8 ΗΜΕΡΗ ΕΚΔΡΟΜΗ Website: www.prahrantravel.com.au ΒΟΥΔΑΠΕΣΤΗ – ΒΕΛΙΓΡΑΔ – ΘΕΣΣΑΛΟΝΙΚΗ – ΑΘΗΝΑ 20 ΑΥΓΟΥΣΤΟΥ: ΑΙΓΙΝΑ – ΠΟΡΟΣ – The K&A team focuses on the quality of its services. ΥΔΡΑ – ΡΟΔΟΣ – ΚΩΣ – ΑΛΙΚΑΡΝΑΣΣΟΣ – 12 ΗΜΕΡΗ ΕΚΔΡΟΜΗ ΚΩΣ – ΣΑΝΤΟΡΙΝΗ – ΠΕΙΡΑΙΑ – ΑΘΗΝΑ We aim to deliver professional and client-focused migration solutions 20 ΙΟΥΝΙΟΥ: ΑΘΗΝΑ – ΒΑΡΚΕΛΩΝΗ – 6 ΗΜΕΡΗ ΕΚΔΡΟΜΗ by being transparent, honest and attentive in our services, from initial ΣΑΡΑΓΟΣΑ – ΜΑΔΡΙΤΗ – ΣΑΛΑΜΑΓΚΑ – consultations through to application preparation and lodgement. ΠΟΡΤΟ – ΚΟΪΜΠΡΑ – ΛΙΣΣΑΒΩΝΑ – 1 ΣΕΠΤΕΜΒΡΙΟΥ: ΠΡΟΣΚΥΝΗΜΑ ΣΤΟΥΣ ΦΑΡΟ – ΣΕΒΙΛΛΗ – ΚΟΡΔΟΒΑ – ΑΓΙΟΥΣ ΤΟΠΟΥΣ (ΙΕΡΟΣΟΛΥΜΑ) ΜΑΔΡΙΤΗ – ΑΘΗΝΑ

Address: ΤΑ ΠΡΑΚΤΟΡΕΙΑ ΤΗΣ Level 8, 140 Queen Street, Phone: Email: Melbourne VIC, Australia 3000 03 9670 3663 [email protected] ΕΜΠΙΣΤΟΣΥΝΗΣ Nestled in the heart of the inner suburb of Abbotsford, Melbourne, emanates the soul of the Mediterranean.

JIM’S GREEK TAVERN 1st Greek Tavern in Melbourne

Mesa delivers on its promise to provide the freshest and tastiest Greek cuisine. “Our contemporary restaurant is the perfect modern setting catering for a broad audience. Open replace Courtyard in A cosy log  re on those cool Melbourne nights sets the perfect scene for intimate dining, { in winter } { Summer } while our contemporary space and style provides ample room for those special family and friend gatherings and celebrations. Our private dining spaces easily cater for corporate events, private functions and special occasions.”

OPEN 6 DAYS A WEEK TUESDAY – SUNDAY DINNER FROM 6:00PM Open 7 days 6pm to Midnight FRIDAY & SUNDAY LUNCH FROM 12:00PM B.Y.O. 32 Johnston Street, Collingwood 3066 265 Johnston Street, Abbotsford VIC 3067 Phone: 9419 3827 Phone: (03) 9419 3388 Fax: (03) 9419 4866 INTERCONTINENTAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT SERVICES PTY LTD ABN: 51 138 248 370

INTERCONTINENTAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT SERVICES

Alexander the Great Soccer Club with its Board and supporters value music and culture and proudly appreciate the Concert titled “Alexander the Great: Pioneering Multiculturalism”.

Office location: Suite 119, 1 Queens Rd Melbourne, Vic 3004 Phone: 9827 0600 Dreamstime The Australian Institute of Macedonian Studies, the Greek Orthodox Community of Melbourne and the Panmacedonian Association of Melbourne Thank Their Sponsors.

We thank the Ministry of Culture and Sports – Ephorate of Antiquities of Pella for kindly granting permission to reproduse the cover image of Alexander the Great.