LBS Monitoring and Data Collection in the Black Sea Region

2015

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report

HotBlackSea Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Turkey, and Ukraine 10/27/2015

LBS/HotSpots Monitoring Diagnostic Report Guiding improvements and harmonization in the LBS monitoring and data collection in the Black Sea region

Full name of the Report: State of the art of the Black Sea LBS/Hot Spots and ambient environment monitoring, relevance for identification of the areas under largest threat of pollution/eutrophication

Project: Integrated hotspots management and saving the living Black Sea ecosystem HOT BLACK SEA 2.2.1.72761.225 MIS-ETC 2303

2015 LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

Document Control Sheet

Joint Operational Programme “Black Sea Basin 2007-2013”1 EC Programme Integrated hotspots management and saving Project Full Title: the living Black Sea ecosystem

Project Acronym: Hot Black Sea

Grant Agreement No. 2.2.1.72761.225 MIS-ETC 2303

Coordinator: Dr. Georgeta Alecu

Project start date and duration: 28 March 2013, 31 months

Project website: http://www.bs-hotspots.eu/

Group of Activities No: PA 2

Group of Activities Title: Identification, evaluation and prioritisation of hot spots

Report Title: LBS/HotSpots Monitoring (Diagnostic Report)

Report Authors Avaz, G., Ozer Erdogan, P., Pekdemir, E., Alecu, L., Voina, A., Devidze, M., Utkina, K., Iakovleva, N., Kresin, V., Godin, E., Chory, B., Komorin, V., Chernaya, T., Popovich, L., Bondarenko, V., Mihneva, V., Velikova, Velichka and Velikova, Violeta

Responsible Partner Organization: TÜBİTAK

Partners involved: All project partners

Status: Final (F)

Draft (D)

Revised draft (RV)

Dissemination level: Public (PU)

Restricted to other program participants (PP)

Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (RE)

Confidential, only for members of the consortium (CO)

1The Programme is managed by the Romanian Ministry of Regional Development and Tourism.

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

Disclaimer

The information contained in this report is subject to change without notice and should not be interpreted as a final commitment by any members of the HotBlackSea Consortium or the authors. This document cannot be copied, reproduced or distributed, entirely or partly, without written permission from the HotBlackSea Consortium. Acknowledgement of the authors of the document shall be clearly referenced. All rights reserved to the HotBlackSea Consortium.

Recommended citation: Avaz, G., Ozer Erdogan, P., Pekdemir, E., Alecu, L., Voina, A., Devidze, M., Utkina, K., Iakovleva, N., Kresin, V., Godin, E., Chory, B., Komorin, V., Chernaya, T., Popovich, L., Bondarenko, V., Mihneva, V., Velikova, V. and Velikova, V.N. 2015. LBS/HSs Monitoring: Guiding improvements and harmonization in the LBS monitoring and data collection in the Black Sea region. HBS Project electronic publications, http://bs- hotspots.eu/Deliverables. 250 pp.

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

CONTENT

INTRODUCTION ...... 17 I. Legislation/policy framework of LBS monitoring ...... 31 1. Global level ...... 31 2. European level ...... 32 3. Regional level (Black Sea region is meant) ...... 41 4. National level in the project beneficiary countries (BG, GE, RO, TR and UA) ...... 42 BULGARIA ...... 42 GEORGIA ...... 44 ROMANIA ...... 45 TURKEY ...... 50 UKRAINE ...... 52 II. Institutional framework of LBS monitoring ...... 55 1. National level ...... 55 BULGARIA ...... 55 GEORGIA ...... 59 ROMANIA ...... 61 TURKEY ...... 66 UKRAINE ...... 68 2. International level ...... 74 III. Types of LBS/HS monitoring, geographical scope, stations, parameters, frequency (for each beneficiary country) ...... 75 BULGARIA ...... 76 a. Municipal sources of pollution/eutrophication ...... 88 b. Industrial sources of pollution/eutrophication ...... 91 c. Rivers ...... 95 d. Ambient environment (to trace the impacts of LBS/HotSpots-related pressures) ...... 96 GEORGIA ...... 102 a. Municipal sources ...... 105 b. Industrial sources ...... 105 c. Rivers ...... 106 d. Ambient environment (to trace the impacts of LBS/HotSpots-related pressures) ...... 107

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

ROMANIA ...... 109 a. Municipal sources ...... 115 b. Industrial sources ...... 120 c. Rivers ...... 124 d. Ambient environment (to trace the impacts of LBS/HotSpots-related pressures) ...... 125 TURKEY ...... 128 a. Municipal sources ...... 133 b. Industrial sources ...... 134 c. Rivers ...... 135 d. Ambient environment (to trace the impacts of LBS/HotSpots-related pressures) ...... 136 UKRAINE ...... 139 a. Municipal sources ...... 142 b. Industrial sources ...... 142 c. Rivers ...... 143 d. Ambient environment ...... 147 IV. Procedures of QA/QC in monitoring (Filed and Laboratory works for each beneficiary country) ...... 156 BULGARIA ...... 156 GEORGIA ...... 156 ROMANIA ...... 156 TURKEY ...... 156 UKRAINE ...... 157 V. Reporting of data (to whom, kind of formats used, for each beneficiary country) ...... 158 BULGARIA ...... 158 GEORGIA ...... 159 ROMANIA ...... 159 TURKEY ...... 160 UKRAINE ...... 160 VI. Operational monitoring, role and prospective (for each beneficiary country) ...... 162 BULGARIA ...... 162 GEORGIA ...... 164 ROMANIA ...... 164 TURKEY ...... 167 UKRAINE ...... 168

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

VII. On-going projects with monitoring component (national for each beneficiary country or international projects, having relation to LBS monitoring) ...... 168 BULGARIA ...... 168 GEORGIA ...... 169 ROMANIA ...... 169 TURKEY ...... 172 UKRAINE ...... 179 VIII. Gaps, missing monitoring requirements, recommendations ...... 181 1. Municipal and industrial sources of pollution ...... 181 BULGARIA ...... 181 GEORGIA ...... 183 ROMANIA ...... 183 TURKEY ...... 184 UKRAINE ...... 184 2. Rivers ...... 186 3. Ambient monitoring (relating pressures with impacts, areas at risk) ...... 186 BULGARIA ...... 186 GEORGIA ...... 190 ROMANIA ...... 193 TURKEY ...... 196 UKRAINE ...... 200 ANNEX I. Lists of stakeholders ...... 206 ANNEX II. List of Black Sea Hot Spots as identified in BSIMAP and reported to BSIS ...... 233 ANNEX III. UA monitoring ...... 238

ABBREVIATIONS

ACCOBAMS Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans in the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and contiguous Atlantic Area, http://www.accobams.org/ ARGO The broad-scale global array of temperature/salinity profiling floats (http://www.argo.net/) BAS Bulgarian Academy of Science BG Bulgaria BS Black Sea BSC Black Sea Commission (Commission on the Protection of the Black Sea Against Pollution), www.blacksea-commission.org BlackSeaGOOS Global Ocean Observing System (Black Sea), http://www.ims.metu.edu.tr/Black_Sea_GOOS/

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

BSIMAP Black Sea Integrated Monitoring and Assessment Program BSIS Black Sea Information System BS SAP Black Sea Strategic Action Plan CBD Conservation of Biological Diversity CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, https://www.cites.org/ EC European Commission, http://ec.europa.eu/ EcoQOs Ecosystem Quality Objectives EEA European Environment Agency EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EPA Environmental Protection Agency EU European Union EU FP European Union Framework Programmes, http://cordis.europa.eu/fp7/home_en.html EuroARGO European Contribution to ARGO Programme, http://www.euro-argo.eu/ EuroGOOS European Global Ocean Observing System, http://www.eurogoos.org/ EUROPEAID Development and Cooperation Directorate General of the European Commission, http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/index_en.htmb (presently DG DEVCO) GE Georgia GES Good Environment Status GIS Geographic Information System GMES Global Monitoring for Environment and Security, http://www.gmes.info/ GOOS Global Ocean Observing System, http://www.ioc-goos.org/ HS Hot Spot IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency, http://www.iaea.org/ ICPDR Convention on the Protection of the Danube River, www.icpdr.org/ ISO International Organization for Standardization, http://www.iso.org LBS Land Based Sources (of pollution) MSFD Marine Strategy Framework Directive NAFA National Agency for Fishery and Aquaculture NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization, www.nato.int/ NODC National Oceanographic Data Center PA Project Activity PM Particulate matter QA Quality assurance QC Quality control RO Romania SRA Strategic Research Agenda TDA Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis TPH Total petroleum hydrocarbon TR Turkey TUBITAK The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, www.tubitak.gov.tr/ UA Ukraine UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Program UNEP United Nation Environment Programme WFD Water Framework Directive

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

DEFINITIONS

Note: as used in this particular report but not agreed in the Black Sea region.

Coastal area - the part of the land affected by its proximity to the sea, and that part of the sea affected by its proximity to the land as to the extent to which man's land-based activities have a measurable influence on water chemistry and marine ecology.

Compliance monitoring - it is the one checking the relevance of water quality and level of discharges against certain norms (governmentally established.

Condition monitoring - specifically relates to the conservation objectives and favourable conservation status.

Harmful activity - any activity which is capable of causing significant adverse effect on the environment including effects on human health and safety, flora, fauna, soil, air, water, climate, landscape and historical monuments or other physical structures or the interaction among these factors; they also include effects on the cultural heritage or socio-economic conditions resulting from alterations to those factors;

Emission - any kind of discharges, effluents or releases of polluting substances into the water, air or soil.

Emission controls - controls requiring a specific emission limitation, for instance an emission limit value, or otherwise specifying limits or conditions on the effects, nature or other characteristics of an emission or operating conditions which affect emissions.

Emission limit values - the mass, expressed in terms of certain specific parameters, concentration or level of an emission, which may not be exceeded during any one or more periods of time. The emission limit values for substances shall normally apply at the point where the emissions leave the installation, dilution being disregarded when determining them.

Environmental quality standard - the concentration of a particular pollutant or group of pollutants in water, sediment or biota, which should not be exceeded in order to protect human health and the environment.

Environmental (ecosystem) quality objective - a goal, which specifies a desirable target for environmental quality that should be met in some particular environment, such as a river, beach or industrial site.

Eutrophication - an increase in the rate of supply of organic matter to an ecosystem.

Hot Spot – means a limited and definable local land area, stretch of surface water or specific aquifer that is subject to excessive pollution and necessitates priority attention in order to prevent or reduce the actual or potential adverse impacts on human health, ecosystems or natural resources and amenities of economic importance (the definition is from the revised LBSA Protocol, http://www.blacksea- commission.org/_od_LBSAProtocol.asp)

Hot Spots

(a) Point sources on the coast of the Black Sea which potentially affect human health, ecosystems, biodiversity, sustainability or economy in a significant manner. They are the main points where high levels of pollution loads originating from domestic or industrial sources are being discharged;

(b) Defined coastal areas where the coastal marine environment is subject to pollution from one or more point or diffused sources on the coast of the Black Sea which potentially affect human health in a significant manner, ecosystems, biodiversity, sustainability or economy.

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

Land-based sources -point and diffuse sources on land from which substances or energy reach the maritime area by water, through the air, or directly from the coast.

Local and manageable pressure – pressures that occur as a result of human activities taking place on a localised scale (i.e. a discharge, a specific dredge disposal or aggregate extraction site). These pressures can be managed through permits/consents and monitoring. They are referred to as ENDOGENIC MANAGED PRESSURES where the causes are managed as well as the consequences (Elliott, 2011).

Monitoring Programme –managed by an individual authority/agency but can include the monitoring of several ecosystem components, thus several organizations may implement it.

Monitoring Network – a group of state monitoring programmes set in line with the reporting obligations of the country to different Conventions and/or in implementation of national legislation.

Nutrient enrichment – a supple of inorganic forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and silica to an environment.

Operational monitoring I - real time (satellites, radars, any automatic devices working for real-time collection of data).

Operational monitoring II - the one related to the WFD, for instance, monitoring of water bodies at risk to evaluate the efficiency of measures taken.

Point sources - sources of pollution where emissions and releases are introduced into the environment from any discernable, confined and discrete conveyance, including but not limited to pipes, outfalls, channels, ditches, tunnels, conduits or wells from which pollutants are or may be discharged.

Pressure – the mechanism through which an activity has an effect on any part of an ecosystem.

Self-monitoring – the industry itself is responsible for the monitoring

State (governmental) monitoring – monitoring carried out in implementation of legal/policy documents (from national to global level).

Surveillance monitoring - can be any ‘look-see’ process, however, carried out long enough in time to identify trends.

Types of monitoring – according to the purpose of observations carried out (can be Surveillance, Eco- toxicological, Operational, etc.).

Web-platform and databases level – makes the distinction between data sets which are collated in widely accessible formats (i.e. a website) and those that are collated and stored by individual agencies. These may or may not be accessible by request.

Widespread and unmanageable pressures – are those that are beyond the control of management that are occurring at regional scales. For example, temperature and hydrological changes associated with climate change, pH change due to volcanic activity (may be local but is not manageable). This is referred to as EXOGENIC UNMANAGED PRESSURES where the consequences are managed rather than the causes.

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The HBS project team sincerely thanks EC for providing financial assistance to the investigations undertaken under the project HotBlackSea.

All project stakeholders, who have responded to the HotBlackSea Project Questionnaire (http://bs- hotspots.eu/Documents/Deliverables/HotSpots%20Questionnaire.pdf) are gratefully acknowledged for their contribution to the preparation of this Report. Their representatives worked hard with us to prepare this Report.

From Bulgaria we should like to specifically mention the valuable contribution of:

. Stela Barova – Black Sea Basin Directorate, Varna . Kalinka Kamenova – Black Sea Basin Directorate, Bourgas . Elitza Hineva – Institute of Oceanology, BAS, Varna . Galina Uzunova – Varna Env. Lab, Executive Agency for Environment . Tania Koicheva – Vang Ltd. . Kiril Koev – Port of Bourgas . Nikolai Novachev – LUKOIL

From Georgia, special thanks for their work and support to the project to:

. Grigol Rukhadze - Ltd“Centre of Laboratory Researches” . Archil Kupreishvili – Division of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources Of Ajara Autonomy Republic Government . Marine Arabidze - National Environmental Agency (NEA) . Izolda Matchitadze - Society for Conservation of Wild Nature “Tchaobi” . Marina Makarova - Water Resources Management Service, Ministry of Environment and Natural Protection of Georgia . Ekaterine Gogoladze - APM terminals Poti Sea Port corporation . Akaki Komakhidze - Water Ecology and Fisheries Research Institute . Giorgi Komalhidze - Fisheries and Black Sea Monitoring Centre . Ekaterine Jaiani – Agriculture University of Georgia

From Romania we should like to specifically mention the valuable contribution of:

. Florentina Vlad-Pancu - National Company – Waterways Administration SA. CAN, Constanta . Angela Pana, Aurel Presura - SC RAJA SA, Constanta . Camelia Căpriţă, Eduard Bratfanof - Danube Delta Biosphere Reservation ARBDD, Tulcea . County Public Health Directorate – Constanta (Environment Hygiene - Constanta) . Giorgiana-Maria Ghigu, County Public Health Direction – Tulcea DSPJ Tulcea

From Turkey:

. Huri Eyüboğlu, Bahar Özöğüt - Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning (General Directorate of Environmental Management), Branch Director of Department Marine and Coastal Management Department, Ankara . Serap Kantarcı, Hacer Selamoğlu Çağlayan - Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning (General Directorate of Environmental Management/Department of Laboratory, Measurement and Monitoring), Branch Director of Water and Soil Pollution Monitoring Department, Ankara . Muhsine Mısırlıoğlu - Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning (General directorate of cultural and natural heritage), Ankara . Zeynep Koçak, Banu Gözet, Canan Esin Köksal, Özlem Akyel - Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning (Management of Climate Change and Air Department), Ankara

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

. Basri Avcı, Yusuf Gürbüz, Nergiz Altan - Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock (General Directorate of Agrarian Reform), Ankara . Levent Bat, Hasan Hüseyin Satılmış - Sinop University (Faculty of Fisheries), Sinop . Ahmet Rıfat Yılmaz, Gülnur Ölmez - Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs (General Directorate of Water Affairs), Ankara . Nihat Ataman - Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs (General Directorate of Stat Hydraulic Works), Ankara . Leyla Kıraç, Derya İşbeceren - Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock (General Directorate of Food and Control) . Evren Tunca, Ordu University (Fatsa Faculty of Marine Sciences)

From Ukraine:

. Alexander Matygin - Hydrometeorological Center of Black and Azov Seas . Vladimir Bruk and Valentyna Zabolotska – Ukrianian Scientific and Research Institute of Ecological Problems . Nikolai Masenko - State Azov-Black Sea Environmental Inspection . Mikhail Kornilov - Danube Hydrometeorological Observatory . Irina Mezentzeva and Yuriy Ilyin- Marine Branch of Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute . Nikolai Pavelenko - Ukrainian Scientific Centre of Ecology of the Sea . Raisa Borovskaya and Svetlana Zhygailo - Southern Scientific Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography . Sergey Khutorny - Charity Foundation, Institute “Noosphere” . Oleg Derkach and Maryna Romanenko - Regional Black Sea NGO Network . Oleg Rubel - Black Sea Branch of the Ukrainian Environmental Academy of Sciences

List of Tables

Table 1. Capacities of the BS states to address the issues of nutrient enrichment and chemical pollution as related to LBS...... 18 Table 2. Information on the response to the HotBlackSea Questionnaire in Bulgaria ...... 21 Table 3. Information on the response to the HotBlackSea Questionnaire in Georgia ...... 23 Table 4. Information on the response to the HotBlackSea Questionnaire in Romania ...... 25 Table 5. Information on the response to the HotBlackSea Questionnaire in Turkey ...... 27 Table 6. Information on the response to the HotBlackSea Questionnaire in Ukraine ...... 29 Table 7. Inventory of major monitoring-related legal/policy documents (international level) ...... 31 Table 8. Inventory of European level legislation ...... 33 Table 9. Inventory of the regional level legislation ...... 41 Table 10. Bulgarian national legal acts ...... 42 Table 11. Georgian national legal acts ...... 44 Table 12. Romanian national legal acts ...... 46 Table 13. Turkey’s national legal acts ...... 51 Table 14. Ukrainian national legal acts ...... 52 Table 15. Ukrainian administrative instrument ...... 52 Table 16. List of Orders of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine related to monitoring 53 Table 17. Bulgarian institutional framework of monitoring ...... 55 Table 18. Georgian organizations conducting monitoring ...... 60 Table 19. Romanian institutional framework of monitoring ...... 61 Table 20. Turkey’s institutional framework of monitoring ...... 66 Table 21. Ukrainian institutional framework of monitoring ...... 68 Table 22. Responsibilities distribution withing the Ukrainian institutional framework of monitoring ...... 70 Table 23. Monitoring specifications (Bulgaria) ...... 80 Table 24. List of parameters with frequency of observations (Bulgaria) ...... 81 Table 25. Sampling stations (municipal sources in Bulgaria) ...... 90 Table 26. Sampling stations (industrial sources in BG) ...... 93 Table 27. Sampling stations (rivers of BG) ...... 95 Table 28. Coordinates of BS stations monitored along the BG coast of the BS in the frames of the WFD ... 98 Table 29. BG monitoring in the Black Sea under the WFD requirements ...... 100 Table 30. LBS-related monitoring in Georgia (stations) ...... 103 Table 31. LBS-related monitoring in Georgia (parameters, frequency, methods)...... 104 Table 32. Municipal Sources of Georgia identified as Hot Spots ...... 105 Table 33. Industrial Sources of Georgia identified as Hot Spots ...... 105 Table 34. Ambient monitoring in Georgia ...... 107 Table 35. Monitoring specifications (Romania) ...... 111 Table 36. List of parameters with frequency of observations (Romania) ...... 112 Table 37. Major WWTPs in Romania ...... 115 Table 38. Wastewater discharges in Romania as per 2012 ...... 116 Table 39. State of the wastewater treatment in Romania as per 2012 ...... 118 Table 40. Structure of the wastewaters discharged in RO (as related to the Black Sea) ...... 119 Table 41. Specific pollutants (as approved in the legislation/policy of RO) ...... 119 Table 42. Pollution specified as per the causing industry (Romania) ...... 121 LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

Table 43. Economic activities with direct influence on the BS coastal/marine environment (Romania) ...... 123 Table 44. Municipal Wastewater Treatment Situation in Black Sea Settlements of Turkey ...... 133 Table 45. Main Industries and waste types in the Black Sea Region of Turkey ...... 134 Table 46. Selected sampling stations and their features (Altas and Büyükgüngör 2006) ...... 137 Table 47. Monitoring specifications in Turkey (ambient environment) ...... 138 Table 48. Amount of nutrients from different sources in the NWS Black Sea (UA) ...... 139 Table 49. Hot Spots in Ukraine ...... 141 Table 50. Average data on UA rivers ...... 143 Table 51. Average input of nutrients (tonnes/year) in the Black Sea from Ukrainian rivers ...... 144 Table 52. Monitored water quality parameters – Hydrometeorological Service monitoring network ...... 148 Table 53. Monitored water quality parameters – State Environmental Inspection monitoring network ...... 150 Table 54. Type of observations sustained in UA for the ambient monitoring quality control ...... 155 Table 55. Schedule of LBS activities in Romania ...... 159 Table 56. Reporting of data in Turkey ...... 160 Table 57. Name of databases in Turkey ...... 160 Table 58. List of automated stations for monitoring of surface waters in the Black Sea basin (Bulgaria) .... 163 Table 59. Quality elements and monitoring frequency in operational program - transitional waters (RO) ... 165 Table 60. Quality elements and frequency of monitoring in operational program-coastal waters (RO) ...... 166 Table 61. Pressures and impacts (cross-check) in Bulgaria ...... 186 Table 62. Availability of data in Bulgaria to assess priority impacts of LBS ...... 187 Table 63. Synthetic analysis of pressures and impacts (Bulgaria) ...... 189 Table 64. Pressures and impacts (cross-check) in Georgia ...... 190 Table 65. Availability of data in Georgia to assess priority impacts of LBSs...... 191 Table 66. Synthetic analysis of pressures and impacts (Georgia) ...... 192 Table 67. Pressures and impacts (cross-check) in Romania...... 194 Table 68. Availability of data in Romania to assess priority impacts of LBSs ...... 194 Table 69. Synthetic analysis of pressures and impacts in Romania ...... 195 Table 70. Pressures and impacts (cross-check) in Turkey ...... 197 Table 71. Availability of data in Turkey to assess priority impacts of LBSs ...... 198 Table 72. Synthetic analysis of pressures and impacts (Turkey)...... 200 Table 73. Pressures and impacts (cross-check) in Ukraine...... 201 Table 74. Availability of data in Ukraine to assess priority impacts of LBSs ...... 202 Table 75. Synthetic analysis of pressures and impacts (Ukraine) ...... 203

List of Figures

Figure 1. Location of the project beneficiary countries (Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Turkey and Ukraine) around the Black Sea (the dots are the labelled BS LBS according to BSIMAP)...... 17 Figure 2. Institutional framework of LBS and ambient environment monitoring in Bulgaria ...... 56 Figure 3. Institutional framework of LBS and ambient environment monitoring in Bulgaria Cont...... 58 Figure 4. Scheme of the Ukrainina institutional framework in the field of LBS and ambient monitoring ...... 69 Figure 5. Scheme of the regional (oblast) environmental monitoring system ...... 72 Figure 6. Trace metals deposition via atmosphere to the Black Sea in 2011 (EMEP-East)...... 76 Figure 7. Black Sea coastal WWTPs and sewerages (Bulgaria) ...... 77

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

Figure 8. Sources of atmospheric pollution along the BG coast of the Black Sea ...... 78 Figure 9. Monitoring stations in 2012 (WFD monitoring in BG)...... 97 Figure 10. Sensitive areas along the BG coast of the BS...... 99 Figure 11. Status of BS coastal waters along the BG coast according to the WFD monitoring (data 2007). 101 Figure 12. Bathing water monitoring results in 2011 (Bulgarian Black Sea coast)...... 102 Figure 13. Rivers monitoring network of Georgia (Source: NEA, department of Hydrometeorology), (Legend – blue triangles – planned automated stations (posts), empty triangle – closed stations; red triangles - .working stations at present) ...... 106 Figure 14. Map of stations observed in GE coastal waters ...... 109 Figure 15. Main usage of Romanian coastal waters ...... 110 Figure 16. WWTPs in the coastal area of Romania ...... 116 Figure 17. Tributary rivers of the Romanian Black Sea coast...... 124 Figure 18. The monitoring network of surface waters in the Dobrogea catchment area (Romania) ...... 125 Figure 19. Vulnerable areas to nitrates in the Dobrogea river area and the Danube Delta ...... 127 Figure 20. Bathing areas in Romania ...... 128 Figure 21. Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants Distribution along Black Sea Coastal Settlements of Turkey 130 Figure 22. Landfill Areas Distribution along Black Sea Coastal Settlements of Turkey ...... 130 Figure 23. Population Density Distribution along Black Sea Coastal Settlements of Turkey ...... 131 Figure 24. Livestock Breeding Density Distribution along Black Sea Coastal Areas of Turkey ...... 131 Figure 25. Tourism Activity Intensities along Black Sea Coastal Areas of Turkey ...... 132 Figure 26. Revised Draft Hot Spots of Turkey ...... 132 Figure 27. Black Sea Pollution Monitoring Project Station Map (Sur, H. İ., et al, 2010) ...... 136 Figure 28. Major point pollution sources of surface waters (municipal and industrial WWTPs) – Azov/ Black Seas basin ...... 140 Figure 29. Key industrial and municipal WWTPs along the UA coast ...... 140 Figure 30. Total waste water discharges from the 9 UA hot spots (th.m3) ...... 141 Figure 31. Annual pollutant inputs (t/yr) – 2010-2012 (UA) ...... 142 Figure 32. Volumes of different types of waste waters, mln m3 (2012) (UA) ...... 143 Figure 33. Average concentration of nitrogen in the Ukrainian section of Danube for 2012 (data of the Danube HMO) ...... 144 Figure 34. Average concentration of phosphorus in the Ukrainian section of Danube for 2012 (data of the Danube HMO) ...... 145 Figure 35. Average concentration of phosphorus in Dniester for 2012 (data of the ONU NASU)...... 145 Figure 36. Average concentration of nitrogen in Dniester for 2011-2012 (data of the ONU NASU) ...... 146 Figure 37. Trend of changes water quality in Danube Delta area according to index E-TRIX (UkrSCES data) ...... 146 Figure 38. Surface water monitoring stations – the Hydrometeorological Service under the State Emergency Service of Ukraine ...... 148 Figure 39. Surface water monitoring stations – the State Environmental Inspection under the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine ...... 150 Figure 40. Surface water monitoring stations – the State Agency for Water Resources ...... 152 Figure 41. Surface water monitoring stations – the Sanitary-Epidemiological Service under the Ministry of Health of Ukraine ...... 153

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

Figure 42. Map of the Monitoring Network of the Hydrometeorological Service of Ukraine ...... 154  - DHMO (Danube Hydrometeorlogical Observatory,Izmail),  - HMC (Hydromet Center, Odessa),  - UHMI (Marine Branch of the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute, Sevastopol) ...... 154 Figure 43. Scheme on data entry into the he Information Analytical Center of the State Environmental Monitoring System (Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine) ...... 161 Figure 44. Results of real-time observations in the Kamchia River in 2011...... 163 Figure 45. Results of real-time observations in the Rezovska River in 2011 ...... 164 Figure 46. Completed / Ongoing Projects Targeting the Application of the WFD Turkey ...... 173

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

INTRODUCTION

This Report has been prepared under the activities of the HotBlackSea Project “Integrated hotspots management and saving the living Black Sea ecosystem” (www.bs-hotspots.eu), Grant Agreement No2.2.1.72761.225 MIS-ETC 2303. The Project is financed by EC as an activity under the Joint Operational Programme “Black Sea Basin 2007-2013”2. The HotBlackSea Project is an integral part of the overall ongoing process of harmonization of policies in the Black Sea region in the field of environment protection, taking into consideration relevant European acquis.

The overall objective of the HotBlackSea Project is to support efforts to protect and restore the environment quality and sustainability of the Black Sea. Additional specific objectives have been identified as follow:

. Harmonise river monitoring programmes . Harmonise Hot Spots identification and prioritisation . Update the Lists of Hot Spots based on common Methodology . Provide data/information management tool to support decision-making in the field of Hot Spots management . Share competencies to increase capacity in hot spots management embracing the adaptive approach and market-based instruments for pollution control . Increase public awareness and stakeholders participation in decision-making related to hot spots

The HotBlackSea Project involves five countries: Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Turkey and Ukraine (Fig. 1), they are further named ‘beneficiary countries’.

Figure 1. Location of the project beneficiary countries (Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Turkey and Ukraine) around the Black Sea (the blue and violet dots are the official BS Hot Spots according to the BSC BSIMAP).

2The Programme is managed by the Romanian Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration.

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

The Report is aimed at analysis of the status of monitoring of LBS and ambient environment in the beneficiary countries as these observations are the basis for the adaptive management (ecosystem-based management) of environment protection.

In 2011, when the project HotBlackSea was conceived, in the Project Proposal the following baseline situation has been described:

Table 1. Capacities of the BS states to address the issues of nutrient enrichment and chemical pollution as related to LBS.

A. Nutrient enrichment

Problem: Nutrient enrichment Issue 1995-2000 situation 2001-2010 situation Impact of nutrient Described in simple terms, but with no real Much clearer idea of how eutrophication impacts on enrichment and description of status. biodiversity/habitat change, and of the effects of nutrient eutrophication enrichment on the pelagic ecosystem and marine living resources.

Quantification of nutrient levels within the Sea itself available. River loads Data absent from many rivers. Estimated of Monitoring data (and therefore load estimates) are available nutrient inputs to the Sea from the Istanbul Strait for the majority of rivers, but they are based on different included. monitoring strategies.

River loads are overwhelmingly the major source Flow measurements are not available from Georgia. of nutrients to the sea. A much clearer idea of nutrient source apportionment within this individual source (River loads) is now available.

No recent assessment of nutrient loads to the Sea through the Bosporus (publicly available), but available for the Kerch Strait. Direct municipal Only modelled estimates of loads available. No Monitored loads available. discharges specified minimum size/volume/load of discharge Considerable effort made on data-checking to ensure Direct municipal discharges responsible for only a comparability of results from individual discharges/countries. very small proportion of the total nutrient load to the Black Sea. A comparison cannot be made between the 1996 and 2010 situations because of problems in equating modelled loads to monitored loads. Direct industrial Only modelled estimates of loads available. No Monitored loads available for industrial plants producing discharges specified minimum size/volume/load of discharge more than 1,000 m3/day. Direct industrial discharges responsible for only a very small proportion of the total nutrient load to A comparison cannot be made between the 1996 and 2010 the Black Sea. situations because of problems in equating modelled loads to monitored loads. Atmospheric No estimates provided. Estimate provided for nitrogen, albeit with considerable deposition uncertainty attached. This estimate suggests that atmospheric deposition may be responsible for a similar load of nitrogen to the Sea to that discharged via rivers.

Trace metals deposition known. Air quality records provided by different projects and in the frames of the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (EMEP-East, http://www.msceast.org/).

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

Other sources, notably Very little information. Not considered as Much clearer idea of the contribution from diffuse sources to agriculture important sources to be tackled. the Black Sea, with a far better understanding of the contribution of agriculture to this problem. Considered to be serious source of pollution. Monitoring No integrated regional monitoring programme Integrated monitoring programme set up, but with a mixed available for the Sea itself or for the nutrient response from different countries. Biological monitoring is sources discharging to it. attended, but not integrated with the water and sediments quality monitoring.

A regionally coordinated chemical quality assurance scheme is in place for analysis of samples collected from within the Sea itself, but this programme does not extend to quality assurance of loads data. Rivers monitoring is poorly QC and QA exception Romania).

B. Chemical pollution

Problem: Chemical pollution Issue 1995-2000 situation 2001-2010 situation Impact of chemical Not known. Poorly known. pollution Land-based point Considered only direct municipal/industrial Considered only direct municipal/industrial discharges and source pollution discharges. rivers.

Direct discharge assessment based on modelled Direct discharge assessment based on monitoring data. data and likely to have been inaccurate. Improved quality assurance programmes required to allow regional comparison of pollutant load data. Legal landfills identified in most countries but no assessment of their likely contribution to pollution status. River and strait Data from a large number of rivers missing, but Data from a number of rivers are still not available, but the pollutant loads not reported as such. situation is improving.

BOD5 still the only indicator of organic pollution comparable at the regional level (excluding nutrients).

Provision of flow /discharge data for the estimation of riverine loads highlighted as a topic requiring attention/capital investment. Diffuse source Not included. Considered, but not properly assessed due to lack of pollution information.

Agrochemicals considered an increasing problem. Operational discharges Illegal discharge of harmful substances, Operational discharge data available from selected ports, but (vessels) especially oil, considered important, but no data the volumes recorded tend to be very low. Quality assurance presented to back up claims. concerns exist over some nationally reported data. Remote sensing data of likely oil spills available for the whole sea, but these data are not ground-truthed.

Remote sensing data show that the majority of oil likely spills occur along major shipping routes, suggesting that shipping, rather than land-based oil installations have been the principal cause of concern. However, a single large spill from ships, platforms or land-based oil installations could severely impact biota and the economies of all coastal countries. Rivers are the largest sources of oil pollution.

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Loads assessment Assessment incomplete. Based partly on Assessment incomplete. Based on measured data. modelled (direct discharges) and partly on measured (riverine) data. Mandatory data for monitoring and assessment agreed and approved at the regional level, but no real harmonization is No regionally agreed list of priority pollutants for observed. monitoring/assessment purposes. Regionally, agreed list of priority pollutants for monitoring/assessment purposes is improved. Status assessment of No status assessment made. Status assessments made. the Sea No regionally agreed monitoring programme. The BSIMAP has been in existence for 10 years now, but national data provision is variable. Additional data, however, are available from research activities.

What is the situation today as per five years later (end of 2015)? The report overviews the monitoring of land- based point sources and related impacts in the ambient environment. Diffuse sources and sea-based pollution are not among the objectives of the HotBlackSea Project, they will be addressed in a possible follow-up of this project. The Report discusses the relevance of the monitoring in the beneficiary countries to identify those areas in the Black Sea which are most threatened by pollution/eutrophication (in other words, the Black Sea Hot Spots).

The report is based on special Questionnaire, which was prepared in English and national languages (of the beneficiary countries). The Questionnaire was distributed to many stakeholders, namely: in BG to 40; in GE to 59; in RO – to 93; in TR to 15; in Ukraine – to 18 organisations.

The response to the Questionnaire was as follows (Tables 2-6): in BG –15 organizations, among which 4 were interviewed by phone (or e-mail exchange or Skype); In GE, 9 organization responded in written, other 6 were interviewed by e-mail and Skype. In RO 16 responses were received, of which only 5 provided some useful information for the analysis undertaken.

In Turkey, the Questionnaire was distributed by email and the stakeholders were called by phone to get filled Questionnaires. Totally, 10 stakeholders responded to the Questionnaire in TR. In Ukraine also 10 responses were collected.

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Table 2. Information on the response to the HotBlackSea Questionnaire in Bulgaria

Replied/Not replied/ Partially replied: R / NR / PR

2 NGO Black Sea NGO Network R PR NR NR NR NR R NR NR NR NR NR

3 University

4 Public Institute

Institute of Fishing Resources (IFR) R R R R R R R PR PR R R R

Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research-BAS, Laboratory of Marine R R R R NR NR R R R R R R

Ecology (IBER-BAS) Institute of Oceanology-BAS (IO-BAS) R R R R R R R R NR R R R

National Institute of Meteorology and R NR NR NR NR NR R R NR NR NR NR Hydrology (NIMH) 5 Governmental Agencies Black Sea Basin Directorate (Varna) R R R R R R R R R R R R NAFA (National Agency for Fishery and R R PR NR R NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Aquaculture) Port Bourgas R PR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 6 Ministries

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Replied/Not replied/ Partially replied: R / NR / PR

Ministry of Environment and Water R R NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Ministry of Transport, Information Technologies and Communication R R R R R NR NR NR NR NR NR NR (MTITC) 7 Private companies

VANG Ltd R R PR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

LUKOIL R R R R R R R R R NR NR NR

Note: In Bulgaria, some of the stakeholders have been interviewed through e-mail, Skype and telephone communications. They were: Varna Environmental Laboratory (Executive Agency for Environment), Bourgas branch of the Black Sea Basin Directorate, Varna Directorate ‘Human Health Protection’, and NIMH – the department in Varna (for additional information as they have provided input also through the Questionnaire).

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Table 3. Information on the response to the HotBlackSea Questionnaire in Georgia

Replied/Not replied/ Partially replied: R / NR / PR

2 NGO Society for Conservation of Wild R PR R NR R R PR NR R R PR R Nature “Tchaobi“ 3 University Agrarian University R PR R R NR R NR NR NR NR NR R

4 Public Institute Division of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources Of Ajara R PR R NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR R Autonomy Republic Government

5 Governmental Agencies National Environmental Agency (NEA) R PR R R NR R NR NR PR R PR R

6 Ministries Ministry of Environment and Natural Protection of Georgia, Water R PR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR R NR PR Resources Management Service

7 Private companies

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Replied/Not replied/ Partially replied: R / NR / PR

APM terminals Poti Sea Port R R R NR NR NR NR NR NR NR PR NR corporation;

Fisheries and Black Sea Monitoring Centre R PR R R R R NR NR NR NR PR R

Water Ecology and Fisheries R R Research Institute PR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR R

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Table 4. Information on the response to the HotBlackSea Questionnaire in Romania

Replied/Not replied/ Partially replied: R / NR / PR

Part II (Monitoring) Part III (Data management) Part V No Type of organization Part I Part IV Legal/polic (Harmoni (General (Capacity y Type of Reportin Data Data zation info) QA/QC Projects QA/QC Assessments building) instrument monitoring g bases products needs) s 1 Municipality Constanta Prefecture NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR SC RAJA SA Constanta R R R R R NR NR NR NR NR R NR 2 NGO Romanian Environment Association NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Centre for Ecological Consultancy Galaţi NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR

ECO-CIVICA NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 3 University - 4 Public Institute Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve R NR PR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Authority (DDBRA) 5 Governmental Agencies Inspectorate for Emergency Situations NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR I.S.U. "Dobrogea" Constanta County Administration of Navigable Canals S. A. R PR PR PR R R NR NR NR NR NR NR Inspectorate for Emergency Situations NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR "Delta" Tulcea County National Company Maritime Ports NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Administration Constanta National Agency for Mineral Resources NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR National Regulatory Authority for Energy NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR (ANRE)

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Replied/Not replied/ Partially replied: R / NR / PR

Part II (Monitoring) Part III (Data management) Part V No Type of organization Part I Part IV Legal/polic (Harmoni (General (Capacity y Type of Reportin Data Data zation info) QA/QC Projects QA/QC Assessments building) instrument monitoring g bases products needs) s Public Health Direction CT R PR R NR R NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Public Health Direction TL R PR PR NR R NR NR NR NR NR NR NR 6 Ministries Ministry of Environment and Climate NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Change Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration, European Territorial NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Cooperation Program Direction 7 Private companies

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Table 5. Information on the response to the HotBlackSea Questionnaire in Turkey

2 NGO

3 University Sinop University, Fisheries Faculty PR NR PR PR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Ordu University (Fatsa Faculty of Marine PR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Sciences) 4 Public Institute

5 Governmental Agencies

6 Ministries Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning (General Directorate of Environmental Management), Branch PR R PR PR PR PR NR NR NR NR NR NR

Director of Department Marine and Coastal Management Department, Ankara Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning (General Directorate of Environmental Management/ Department PR PR PR PR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR of Laboratory, Measurement and Monitoring), Branch Director of Water and Soil Pollution Monitoring Department

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Replied/Not replied/ Partially replied: R / NR / PR Part II (Monitoring) Part III (Data management) Part V No Type of organization Part I Part IV Legal/poli (Harmoni (General (Capacity cy Type of Reporti Project Data Data zation info) QA/QC QA/QC Assessments building) instrume monitoring ng s bases products needs) nts Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs (General Directorate of Stat Hydraulic PR PR PR PR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Works) Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock R PR PR PR PR R R R R NR R NR (General Directorate of Agrarian Reform) Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning (Management of Climate Change PR PR PR PR PR NR PR PR NR NR NR NR and Air Department) Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs PR PR PR PR PR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR (General Directorate of Water Affairs) Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning (General directorate of cultural PR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR and natural heritage), Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock PR PR PR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR NR (General Directorate of Food and Control)

7 Private companies

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Table 6. Information on the response to the HotBlackSea Questionnaire in Ukraine

Replied/Not replied/ Partially replied: R / NR / PR

2 NGO Regional Black Sea NGO Network R R R R R R PR NR NR R R R Black Sea Branch of the Ukrainian R PR NR NR NR PR NR NR NR NR NR R Environmental Academy of Sciences Charity Foundation, Institute “Noosphere” R PR PR* PR* PR* R* NR PR* R* PR* NR R 3 University

4 Public Institute Marine Branch of Ukrainian R PR R R R R R R PR R R R Hydrometeorological Institute

Ukrainian Scientific and Research Institute R R NR NR NR NR R NR NR R NR R of Ecological Problems

Ukrainian Scientific Centre of Ecology of R R PR PR R NR R PR NR R R R the Sea Southern Scientific Research Institute of R PR PR R NR NR PR PR PR NR NR NR Marine Fisheries and Oceanography 5 Governmental Agencies

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No Type of organization Replied/Not replied/ Partially replied: R / NR / PR Part I Part II (Monitoring) Part III (Data management) Part IV Part V (General (Capacity (Harmoni info) building) zation 6 Ministries needs)

7 Private companies

Note: * information on activity performed by Odessa Branch Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is provided

Note: The Ukrainian Scientific and Research Institute of Ecological Problems does not perform monitoring. It is among the leading research organisations under the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine and it is responsible for the development of guidelines, documents, assessments, methodologies and measures; it uses monitoring data, processes them, makes calculations and performs hot spots assessment on the order of the Ministry. That is why in Part II and Part III of the Quest, as relevant to monitoring, “NR” was written.

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Unfortunately, the response to the HotBlackSea Questionnaire was not always comprehensive and satisfactory, as reflected in the Tables above. A lot of additional information was collected to build the full picture presented in this diagnosis of Black Sea LBSs and their ambient environment monitoring. Therein, materials from the projects EPIRB (http://blacksea-riverbasins.net/en/imprint), PERSEUS (http://www.perseus-net.eu/site/content.php), MISIS (www.misisproject.eu), EMBLAS (www.emblasproject.org) and COCONET (http://www.coconet-fp7.eu/) were digested, national databases were checked, and extensive search in Internet was conducted (for instance, webpages of Ministries of Environment, Environmental Agencies, Basin Directorates, scientific institutions, NGOs, etc.).

I. Legislation/policy framework of LBS monitoring

1. Global level

There are a number of international instruments dealing directly or indirectly with LBSs and ambient environment monitoring. The most relevant are included in Table 7. Among them, there are not only legally binding treaties and agreements, but also non-binding - ‘soft- law” important documents (recommendations, guidelines, codes of conduct, plans, etc.).

At the global level rights, responsibilities and obligations of States and regional and international organisations with regard to the protection and sustainable development of the marine and coastal environments and their resources contained therein are clearly set forth in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and other international instruments including Agenda 21 and the UN Convention on Conservation of Biodiversity (CBD).

The duty of States and regional and international organisations to protect the marine environment from land- based activities was clearly defined in the context of sustainable development by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992, in particular in its Agenda 21, and the follow-up non-binding documents usually described as “soft-law” instruments.

Table 7. Inventory of major monitoring-related legal/policy documents (international level)

N Legislation/policy Bulgaria Georgia Romania Turkey Ukraine Date of ratification Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment 12.05.1995 No 29.03.2001 No 19.03.1999 in a Transboundary Context (Espoo C.) UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) 29.02.1996 02.06.1994 17.08.1994 14.02.1997 29.11.1994 UN Convention on Wetlands of International 24.01.1976 30.04.1996 21.09.1971 13.11.1994 29.10.1996 Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat- RAMSAR Convention on the Conservation of European 01.05.1991 No 01.09.1993 09.01.1984 31.05.1995 Wildlife and Natural Habitats, Bern Convention Convention on Migratory Species - Bonn 01.09.1999 11.02.2000 01.07.1998 No 19.03.1999 Convention UN Convention on International Trade of 16.04.1991 13.09.1996 16.11.1994 22.12.1996 14.05.1999 Endangered Species-CITES UNCLOS - The 1982 United Nations Convention on 15.05.1996 No 17.12.1996 No 03.06.1999 the Law of the Sea Convention on Access to Information, Public 25.06.1998 11.02.2000 11.07.2000 No 13.02.2004 Participation in Decision-Making and Access to

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N Legislation/policy Bulgaria Georgia Romania Turkey Ukraine Date of ratification Justice in Environmental Matters (Aarhus Convention)3 Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer 15.01.2010 signatory 26.08.2009 No 06.07.1999 Registers to the Aarhus Convention Framework Climate Change Convention (FCCC) 12.05.1995 16.05.1994 08.06.1995 24.02.2004 22.09.1996 Kyoto Protocol (to the FCCC) 15.08.2002 28.05.1999 19.03.2001 26.08.20094 04.02.2004 UN Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air 19.02.1981 13.01.1999 18.04.1983 16.03.1983 Pollution Stockholm Convention on POPs 20.12.2004 11.04.2006 28.10.2004 14.10.2009 18.04.2007 Global Programme of Action5 1995 1995 - Agenda 216 1992 14.06.1992 - Johannesburg Plan of Implementation7 2002 2002 - UNECE Water Convention No No International Convention for the Prevention of 15.11.1993 24.06.1990 19.03.1999 Pollution from Ships (Marpol Convention)

2. European level

The relevant European level legislation/policies and their transposition into the national legislation of Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey are presented in the Table below.

3The Convention has no direct relation to monitoring, but regulates the rights of public to access the data/information related to environmental matters. TR is not party to it, however, in Turkey, the Law on the Right to Access to Information came into force in 2003 and the By-law was published in 2004 which determined the frameworks of providing information to the public. Based on this law, necessary amendments were made in the Environmental Law. 4Turkey became party to the Kyoto Protocol on 26 August 2009, after the deposit of instrument of accession to the United Nations following the adoption of the Law (No. 5836) approving Turkey’s accession to the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change by the Turkish Grand National Assembly on 5 February 2009 and adoption by the Council of Ministers of the Cabinet Decree (No. 2009/14979) on 13 May 2009.

5The Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-Based Activities (GPA) was adopted in 1995 by the representatives of 108 governments and the European Commission, which have committed themselves to protect and preserve the marine environment from the adverse environmental impacts of land-based activities (UNEP, 1995 and 1995a; www.gpa.unep.org).As a non-binding global instrument, the GPA reflects the resolve of States to address the serious impacts of land-based sources of pollution and physical degradation of the coastal and marine environments. It is an action-oriented programme with an overarching goal to address the negative effects of land-based activities upon the coastal and marine environment. The GPA assists States in taking concrete actions that give tangible results within their respective policies, priorities and resources. The implementation of the GPA is primarily the task of Governments, in close partnership with all stakeholders including local communities, public organizations, non-governmental organizations and the private sector.

6 Agenda 21 is a comprehensive plan of action to be realized globally, nationally and locally by organizations of the United Nations System, Governments, and other international actors. It was adopted by 178 governments at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 3 to 14 June 1992. Agenda 21, a non-binding set of recommendations, identified a number of steps, which States and international organizations must implement in order to improve the state of the human environment, including marine and coastal areas. Agenda 21, in its Chapter 17, defined new approaches to marine and coastal area management and development, at the national, sub-regional, regional and global levels, approaches that are integrated in content and are precautionary and anticipatory in ambit. 7Plan of Implementation of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, which took place in August-September 2002, was adopted to further build on the achievements made since the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development and expedite the realization of the remaining goals. Plan calls on to advance implementation of the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities and the Montreal Declaration on the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-based Activities, with particular emphasis during the period from 2002 to 2006 on municipal wastewater, the physical alteration and destruction of habitats, and nutrients. Finally, it urges to improve the scientific understanding and assessment of marine and coastal ecosystems as a fundamental basis for sound decision-making, through actions at all levels.

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Table 8. Inventory of European level legislation

Title of Convention, Directive or Agreement Date of Transposed to the national legislation N enforcement Bulgaria Romania Turkey Directive 91/271/EC (WWTP Directive) 21.05.1991 Water act. Last Government Decision no. Urban Waste Water 1. amendment of the water 188/2002 for approving the Treatment Regulation (No of Act is in force since rules on discharge conditions Official Gazzette: 26047, 26.07.2013. of wastewater into the 08.01.2006) aquatic environment, The Regulation № 6 (since amended by Government 9 of Nov, 2000, last Decision no. 352/2005 Statement for Sensitive and amendment since march, Less Sensitive Areas in 2004) for emission GD no. 210/2007 amending Aquatic Environment (No of standards for the and supplementing certain Official Gazzette: 27271, admissible content of acts which 27.06.2009) harmful and dangerous transposing the acquis in the substances in waste field of environmental waters, discharged in protection

water objects/ Water Law no. 107/1996 amended by GD no. The Regulation № 2 (since 948/1999, Law no. 404/2003, 8 of June 2011, last Law no. 310/2004, Law no. amendment since 17 of 112/2006, Government Febr., 2012) for issuing Emergency Ordinance no. permits for discharge of 130/2007, GEO 3/2010 effluent water into water approved by Law no. object and establishment 146/2010, GEO 64/2011, GEO 71/2011 and GEO of individual emission 69/2013 limits for point sources of pollution/ GEO no. 12/2007 amending Ministerial order № and supplementing certain 970/28.07.2003 for acts which determination of transposing the acquis in the vulnerable zones field of environmental Regulation № 7 for protection, adopted by Law conditions and order of no. 161/2007

discharging industrial

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Title of Convention, Directive or Agreement Date of Transposed to the national legislation N enforcement Bulgaria Romania Turkey waste waters into MO no. 662/2006 (approving sewerage systems (since the Procedure and 2000)/ competences of issuing permits and licenses for water management

MO MMGA1/MAPDR2 no. 344/708/2004 approving the Technical Norms on environmental protection and in particular the soil, when sewage sludge is used Directive 2008/1/EC concerning integrated pollution prevention and 15.1.2008 Yes GEO no. 152/2005 on Urban Waste Water 2. control (ICPP Directive) integrated pollution Treatment Regulation (№ of prevention and control Official Gazzette: 26047, Note: Currently replaced by the Industrial Emissions Directive, modified and completed by 08.01.2006) the Law no. 84/2006 modified 2010/75/EU, by OUG nr. 40/2010 and http://ec.europa.eu/environment/industry/stationary/ied/legislation.htm approved by Law nr. Statement for Sensitive and 205/2010 Less Sensitive Areas in Aquatic Environment (No of MO no. 818/2003 for adopting Official Gazzette: 27271, the Procedure for issuing 27.06.2009) integrated environmental authorization, modified and completed by MO no. 1158/2005 MO no. 36/2004 for approval of the General Technical Guidance for applying the Procedure for emitting integrated environmental authorization MO no. 169/2004 for adopting, by the method of direct confirmation, of the Reference Documents for best available techniques (BREF), adopted in the EU MO no. 566/2003 for

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Title of Convention, Directive or Agreement Date of Transposed to the national legislation N enforcement Bulgaria Romania Turkey adopting the BAT for cement and lime industry MO no. 37/2003 for adopting the BAT for the pulp and paper industry

Water Law no. 107/1996 Surface Water Quality amended by GD no. Management Regulations 948/1999, Law no. 404/2003, (30.11.2012- No of Official Law no. 310/2004, Law no. Gazzette: 28483). 112/2006, Government With the purpose of Emergency Ordinance no. 130/2007, GEO 3/2010 determining the methods and approved by Law no. principles for the 22/12/2003 /in the 146/2010, GEO 64/2011, identification and GEO 71/2011 and GEO classification of the Bulgarian Water Act/ 69/2013 biological, chemical, physico- chemical, and 08/05/2007 /in ordinance GEO no. 12/2007 amending hydromorphological qualities № 13 for characterization and supplementing certain of surface, coastal, and acts which of surface water/ transitional waters; providing Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council transposing the acquis in the the means for the monitoring establishing a framework for the Community action in the field of 6.10.2000 field of environmental 3. 05/06/207 /in ordinance № of water quality and quantity, water policy (Water Framework Directive (WFD)) protection, adopted by Law 5 for water monitoring, no. 161/2007 introducing the utilization currently replaced by purposes of these waters ordinance N 1 for water MO no. 1012/2005 for the while considering the approval procedure regarding conservation-utilization monitoring/ access mechanism to balance in harmony with the public information on water sustainable development management targets, and protecting and

GD no. 210/2007 amending raising the water quality and supplementing certain levels, the “Regulations for acts which the Management, transposing the acquis in the Classification, and field of environmental Monitoring of Surface protection Waters” was presented on April 11 2012 as Draft

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Title of Convention, Directive or Agreement Date of Transposed to the national legislation N enforcement Bulgaria Romania Turkey Regulations, and was published on November 20 2012. Water Law no. 107/1996 amended by GD no. 22/12/2003 /in the 948/1999, Law no. 404/2003, Law no. 310/2004, Law no. Bulgarian Water Act/ 112/2006, Government Emergency Ordinance no. 08/05/2007 /in ordinance 130/2007, GEO 3/2010 № 13 for characterization approved by Law no. of surface water/ 146/2010, GEO 64/2011, GEO 71/2011 and GEO 69/2013 05/06/2007 /in ordinance № 5 for water monitoring, GEO no. 12/2007 amending currently replaced by and supplementing certain Decision No 2455/2001/EC of the European Parliament and of the ordinance № 1 for water acts which Council of 20 November 2001 establishing the list of priority transposing the acquis in the 20.11.2001 4. substances in the field of water policy and amending Directive monitoring/ field of environmental 2000/60/EC protection, adopted by Law 09/11/2010 / in ordinance no. 161/2007 for ecological quality MO no. 1012/2005 for the standards for priority and approval procedure regarding some other pollutants/ access mechanism to public information on water 05/06/2007 /in Ministerial management ordinance № 321 for establishment of priority GD no. 210/2007 amending and supplementing certain and priority dangerous acts which substances in water area/ transposing the acquis in the field of environmental protection DIRECTIVE 2008/56/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE 17.06.2008 30/11/2010 GEO no. 71/2010 17.06.2008 COUNCIL of 17 June 2008 establishing marine strategy Some national and international 5. /in ordinance for protection of approved by Law 6/2011 projects have been carried by amended by Law no. research organizations and establishing a framework for community action in the field of marine the environment in marine

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Title of Convention, Directive or Agreement Date of Transposed to the national legislation N enforcement Bulgaria Romania Turkey environmental policy (Marine Strategy Framework Directive) water/ 205/2013 universities under the coordination of Ministry of Environment and Urbanization to provide inputs for related national regulation. DIRECTIVE 2008/105/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND GD no. 351/2005 on the A part in “Surface Water Quality OF THE COUNCIL of 16 December 2008 approval of Program for Management Regulation” gradually disposal of (30.11.2012- No of Official 13/07/2010 discharges, emissions and Gazzette: 28483). on environmental quality standards in the field of water policy, Or N:256/01 November 2010 losses of priority hazardous – partially transposed 6. amending and subsequently repealing Council Directives 16.08.2008 (State gazette 88 publ. on 9 substances, amended by 82/176/EEC, 83/513/EEC, 84/156/EEC, 84/491/EEC, 86/280/EEC Nov. 2010) Government Decision no. and amending Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and 783/2006, GD no. of the Council 1038/2010 GD no. 351/2005 on the approval of Program for gradually disposal of 21/08/2011 discharges, emissions and COMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2009/90/EC losses of priority hazardous substances, amended by 31.07.2009 7. of 31 July 2009 laying down, pursuant to Directive 2000/60/EC of the Ordinance 1/2011 on Government Decision no. monitoring, Chapter III (art. 84 European Parliament and of the Council, technical specifications for 783/2006, GD no. 1038/2010 - 86). chemical analysis and monitoring of water status Project of Government Decision for amending of GD no. 351/2005 Directive2006/7/EC of the European Parliament and the Council from15 15.02.2006 10/06/2008 GD no. 546/2008 concerning Bathing Water Quality February 2006 regarding the management of bathing water quality and the management of bathing Regulation repealing the Directive76/160/EEC /in ordinance № 5 for water quality 09.11.2006- No of Official 8. management of bathing water amended and completed by Gazzette: 26048). quality/ GD no. 389/2011

COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 91/676/EC OF 12 DECEMBER 1991 concerning the 12.12.1991 16/10/2000 GD no. 964/2000 approving Protection of Waters Against protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural the Action Plan for the Pollution Caused by Nitrates sources (Nitrates Directive) /in ordinance № 2 for protection of water against from Agricultural pollution caused by nitrates Sources(18.02.2004) 9. protection of water from pollution from agricultural from agricultural sources, as sources/ amended by Government Decision no. 1360/2005

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Title of Convention, Directive or Agreement Date of Transposed to the national legislation N enforcement Bulgaria Romania Turkey

GD no. 210/2007 amending and supplementing certain acts which transposing the acquis in the field of environmental protection DIRECTIVE 2006/113/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF 30.10.1979/12.12.2006 20.10.2000 /date of GD no. 201/2002 approving THE COUNCIL of 12 December 2006 (Directive for the valorisation of transposition in Bulgarian the technical norms on water shellfish areas (2006/113/CE)) ordinance № 4 for quality of quality for water intended for fisheries shellfish amended by GD no. on the quality required of shellfish waters (codified version) /COUNCIL and shellfish breeding/ 467/2006, GD no. 859/2007

DIRECTIVE GD no. 210/2007 amending 10. and supplementing certain of 30 October 1979 acts which transposing the acquis in the field of on the quality required of shellfish waters environmental protection

(79/923/EEC)/ Council Directive 92/43/EC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural 21.05.1992 09.08.2002 /in Biodiversity GEO no. 57/2007 on regime habitats and of wild fauna and flora /Habitat Directive/ Protection Act of the protected natural areas, natural habitats, wild flora and fauna amended by GEO no. 154/2008, Law no. 329/2009, adopted by Law no. 49/2011 and amended by Law no. 187/2012

Law no. 407/2006 of hunting and protection of wildlife fund 11. amended by Law no. 197/2007 amended by Law no. 215/2008, GEO no. 154/2008, Law no. 80/2010, GEO no. 102/2010 approved by Law no. 66/2011

GEO no. 195/2005 on environmental protection approved by Law no.

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Title of Convention, Directive or Agreement Date of Transposed to the national legislation N enforcement Bulgaria Romania Turkey 265/2006 amended by GEO no. 57/2007, GEO no. 114/2007, GEO no. 164/2008 , GEO no. 71/2011 and GEO no. 58/2012 European Code of Conduct for Coastal Zones 1998 12. REGULATION (EC) No 166/2006 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND 2006 Government Decision no. OF THE COUNCIL 188/2002 for approving the of 18 January 2006 rules on discharge conditions concerning the establishment of a European Pollutant Release and Transfer of wastewater into the Register and aquatic environment, amending Council Directives 91/689/EEC and 96/61/EC amended by Government Decision no. 352/2005

GD no. 210/2007 amending and supplementing certain acts which transposing the acquis in the field of environmental protection

Water Law no. 107/1996 13. amended by GD no. 948/1999, Law no. 404/2003, Law no. 310/2004, Law no. 112/2006, Government Emergency Ordinance no. 130/2007, GEO 3/2010 approved by Law no. 146/2010, GEO 64/2011, GEO 71/2011 and GEO 69/2013

GEO no. 12/2007 amending and supplementing certain acts which transposing the acquis in the field of environmental

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Title of Convention, Directive or Agreement Date of Transposed to the national legislation N enforcement Bulgaria Romania Turkey protection, adopted by Law no. 161/2007

MO no. 662/2006 (approving the Procedure and competences of issuing permits and licenses for water management

MO MMGA1/MAPDR2 no. 344/708/2004 approving the Technical Norms on environmental protection and in particular the soil, when sewage sludge is used

Note: Ukraine and Georgia are in the process of harmonisation of their national legislation with European acquis in the frame of the Association Agreements (AAs) signed in 2014. By signing the AA Georgia and Ukraine committed: to respecting the principles of sustainable development, to protecting the environment and mitigating climate change, to continuous improvement of environmental governance and meeting environmental needs, including cross- border cooperation and implementation of multilateral international agreements. Specifically, GE and UA will work to improve:

(a) environmental governance and horizontal issues, including strategic planning, environmental impact assessment and strategic environmental assessment, education and training, monitoring and environmental information systems, inspection and enforcement, environmental liability, combating environmental crime, transboundary cooperation, public access to environmental information, decision-making processes and effective administrative and judicial review procedures; (b) Air quality; (c) Water quality and resource management, including flood risk management, water scarcity and droughts as well as marine environment; (d) Waste management; (e) Nature protection, including forestry and conservation of biological diversity; (f) Industrial pollution and industrial hazards, and (g) Chemicals management.

EU Directives will be transposed into the national legislation of GE and UA and implemented according to the deadlines given in the AAs.

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3. Regional level (Black Sea region is meant)

The List of regional level agreements in the field of Black Sea LBSs Monitoring is not long, it is presented in the Table below.

Table 9. Inventory of the regional level legislation

N Title of Convention or dd.mm.yy of ratification Relevance Agreement BG GE RO TR UA to 1 The Convention on the Protection of 23.02.1993 21,04.1992. 29.09.1992 29.03.1994 04.02.9194 LBS and the Black Sea Against Pollution Ambient Monitoring 2. Biodiversity Protocol to the Bucharest 24.09,2009 22.02.2007 Ambient Convention monitoring 3. LBSA Protocol (2009) No No No No LBS and Ambient Monitoring BS SAP20098 signed signed signed signed signed signed 4. International Convention on the 1994 1994 Observer 17.01.2002 Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR)9 5. Agreement on the Conservation of 23.09.1999 13.06.2000 01.04.2004 Cetaceans in the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and contiguous Atlantic Area (ACCOBAMS) 6. Agreement between the Ministry of 15.03.2005 12.11.2004 N/A Environment and Water Management of Romania and Ministry of Environment and Water of the Republic of Bulgaria on Cooperation in the Field of Water Management signed at Bucharest on 12 November 2004 7. Agreement between the Cabinet of Approved: Signed: Coastal zone Ministers of Ukraine and Government 10.08.2007 01.12.2003 management, of Turkey on the Cooperation for the Is LBS Protection Environment approved: management 31.01.2007

8Strategic Action Plan for the Rehabilitation and Protection of the Black Sea, signed in 1996 by all Black Sea states, amended and re- signed on 17th of April 20009. The SAP recognizes the same environment threats as those identified by the MSFD (loss/degradation of biodiversity/habitats, contamination by dangerous substances/nutrients and impacts of climate change), however, sets no environment targets, but only operational according to four Ecosystem Quality Objectives formulated as follow:

. Preserve commercial marine living resources through: Sustainable use of commercial fish stocks and other marine living resources. Restore/rehabilitate stocks of commercial marine living resources. . Conservation of Black Sea Biodiversity and Habitats through: Reduce the risk of extinction of threatened species. Conserve coastal and marine habitats and landscapes. Reduce and manage human mediated species introductions . Reduce eutrophication through: Reduce nutrients originating from land based sources, including atmospheric emissions. . Ensure Good Water Quality for Human Health, Recreational Use and Aquatic Biota through: Reduce pollutants originating from land based sources, including atmospheric emissions. Reduce pollutants originating from shipping activities and offshore installations

9The Danube River Protection Convention is the legal instrument for co-operation and transboundary water management in the Danube River Basin, signed by eleven of the Danube Riparian States and the EC, including three Black Sea states: Bulgaria, Romania and Ukraine. The International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR) is the implementing body under the Convention on Cooperation for the Protection and Sustainable Use of the Danube River (Danube River Protection Convention, DRPC) and serves as the platform for coordination to develop and establish the Danube River Basin Management Plan (DRBMP). The Danube River Basin District has been defined in the frame of the work of the ICPDR. It covers 1) the Danube River Basin, 2) the Black Sea coastal catchments on Romanian territory, and 3) the Black Sea coastal waters along the Romanian and partly the Ukrainian coast.

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N Title of Convention or dd.mm.yy of ratification Relevance Agreement BG GE RO TR UA to Is valid from: 13.02.2007

The most important document, the revised LBSA Protocol, is ratified by GE only, hence, it is not in force. The acting regional document is the old LBS Protocol, which is outdated. Enforcement of the revised Protocol is needed to strengthen the regional cooperation in the field of LBS. c

4. National level in the project beneficiary countries (BG, GE, RO, TR and UA)

BULGARIA

The National System for Environmental Monitoring (NSEM) is established and operated in accordance with Article 1, p. 7 of the Environmental Protection Act (EPA). The system provides timely and reliable information on the elements of the environment and factors affecting it, on which baseline analyses, assessments and forecasts are performed to support the activities of preserving and protecting the environment from harmful effects. The system is managed by the Minister of Environment and Water through the Executive Environment Agency (ExEA). ExEA administers the National Automated System for Environmental Monitoring (NASEM) in the whole country, providing material-technical, methodological and software-information resources necessary for its operation and further development. All measurements and observations in NSEM are carried out by the structures of the ExEA using common (certified) methods for sampling and analysis in accordance with the procedures established in the agency, ensuring quality control of measurements and data compiled.

The Ministry of Environment and Water in Bulgaria has summarized its international and regional legal/policy obligations in two documents posted at: http://www3.moew.government.bg/?show=80 and http://www3.moew.government.bg/files/file/KVESMS/conventions_resume/Bilateral_Agreement_En.pdf.

Table 10. Bulgarian national legal acts

N Title of National Legal Act dd.mm.yy Relevance to 14.10.11 LBS and Ambient 1. The Water Act (last am. Monitoring 26.07.2013) Environmental ProtectionAct (amendment and supplementState 2. 25.9.2002 LBS Monitoring Gazette 66 from 26 July 2013) LBS and Ambient 3. Regulation № 1 for monitoring of waters 29.4.2011 Monitoring Regulation № 6 for emission standards for permissible levels of 4. 9.11.2000 LBS Monitoring harmful and hazardous substances in wastewaters Regulation №2 for protection of waters against pollution caused by 5. 13.09.2007 г. Ambient Monitoring nitrates from agricultural sources Regulation №2 to issue permits for discharging wastewaters into water bodies and setting individual emission limits for point sources 6. 08.06.2011 LBS Monitoring of pollution (promulgated, State Gazette 47 from 2011) (amendment and supplement from 17.02.2012) 7. Regulation №4 for the quality of water for fish and shellfish 20.10.2000 г. Ambient Monitoring 8. Regulation №H-4 for the characterization of surface waters 14.09.2012 г. Ambient Monitoring 9. Regulation № 5quality management of bathing water 30.05.2008 г. Ambient Monitoring

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N Title of National Legal Act dd.mm.yy Relevance to 10. Regulation №8 on the quality of coastal waters 25.01.2001 Ambient Monitoring

Regulation on environmental quality standards for priority 11. substances and certain other pollutants (promulgated State 9.11.2010 Ambient Monitoring Gazette 88 from 09.11.2010, into force on 09.11.2010)

Regulation on conditions and procedures for issuing complex 12. 11.9.2012 LBS Monitoring permits Decree №256 of 01.11.2010 adopting an Ordinance on 13. environmental quality standards for priority substances and certain 01.11.2010 Ambient Monitoring other pollutants Regulation for the protection of the environment in marine waters LBS and Ambient 14. (approved by Decree №273 of23.11.2010, promulgated State 30.11.2010 monitoring Gazette94 of30.11.2010, into force on 30.11.2010 Decree №273 off 23.11.2010 adopting a Regulation on environment protection at sea and setting up an Advisory and Coordinating Council on the protection of the environment in 15. 23.11.2010 Ambient monitoring marine waters of the Black Sea and the implementation management of the Marine Strategy and the programmes of measures

The administrative instruments used in BG in relation to LBS and ambient monitoring are enlisted in the Table below.

N Title of Document dd.mm.yy Relevance to 1. Order of the Minister of Environment and Waters LBS and Ambient Monitoring 26.2.2013 № RD-182 for monitoring of waters 2 Orderof the Minister of Environment and Waters № РД – 970 LBS Monitoring and for determination of sensitive zones in water bodies on the 28.07.2003 Information system for territory of Bulgaria wastewater 2. LBS Monitoring and Order of the Minister of Environment and Waters № RD-821 30.10.2012 Information system for wastewater 3 Rules of Procedure, work organization and composition of Basin Directorates issued by the Minister of Environment and Water, (promulgated State Gazette 7 from 21.01.2011 г., 21.01.2011 г. LBS and Ambient Monitoring into force on 21.01.2011 г., amend. and suppl. State Gazette 58 from 31.07.2012 into force on 1.08.2012)

Gaps: In Regulation № 1 art. 62 it is written that BDs plan the monitoring of the wastewater but no further instructions are given. It is unclear how this is approached, what criteria for frequency and choice of parameters are applied.

There are no criteria also for planning of the monitoring, which is carried out by the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology. It is said that the Institute proposes monitoring programs but it is not clear to whom? Obviously, this occurs as a proposal to the Minister of Environment and Waters whose obligations according to art. 101 par. 2, p. 2 (Regulation № 1) include coordination of the monitoring implementation at national and basin level. A possibility for coordination at the basin level itself (i.e. BSBD and regional branches) would improve the quality of monitoring planning process. Further clarification in the existing normative documents is desirable.

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such rules (on precision of assessments) in the BG legislative documents, and there is no responsible institution for elaboration of such rules, or requirements concerning the type of the document that should contain the rules (e.g. ministerial order or method/guideline or instructions). A good option for managing the gap is the application of art. 135 par. 2 and 3 of the Water Act. The article requires the CIS (Common Implementation Strategy) WFD guidance documents to be adapted for local Bulgarian conditions by the national scientific institutions.

Other gaps are:

. No available national methodology for calculation of mass loads of wastewater discharges from point sources of pollution (requirement of Art. 187, paragraph 2, point 7 from the Water Act); . No available national methodology for determination of hot sports from point land based sources of pollution. . No available national methodology for determination of diffuse pollution - from agriculture, air and transport; . No available national methodology for inventory of emissions, discharges and losses of priority substances and pollutiants; . No available methodologies for designation of mixing zones adjacent to points of discharge (municipal and industrial facilities).

GEORGIA

Georgian national legal acts are enlisted below:

Table 11. Georgian national legal acts

N Title of National Legal Act dd.mm.yy Relevance to Law on Water 25.10.1997 LBS Monitoring, Ambient 1. Monitoring Law on Protection of Environment 10.12.1996, LBS Monitoring, Ambient 2. amend, 2000, Monitoring 2003, 14.12.2007 Law on Environmental Impact Permit 14.12.2007 LBS Monitoring, Ambient 3. Monitoring LBS Monitoring, Ambient 4. Law of Georgia on Soil Protection 12.05.1994 Monitoring Law of Georgia on Sea, Reservoirs and River Banks Regulations 5. and Engineering 27.10.2000 Ambient Monitoring

The administrative instruments used in GE in relation to LBSs and ambient monitoring are enlisted in the Table below.

N Title of Document dd.mm.yy Relevance to 1. Regulation of the National Environmental Agency LBS Monitoring, 1.08.2008 Ambient Monitoring 2. Order №297/ნ of Ministry of Labor, Health and Social Defence on 16.08.2001 LBS Monitoring "Improvement of State of Norms of Environmental Quality" 3. Coastal waters and normative 2.1.4.000-00. Sanitation rules and 16.08.2001 LBS Monitoring norms of protection of surface waters against pollution.

4. Environmental Quality Highlights 16.08.2001 Ambient monitoring Order #297/nMinistry of Labour, Health, and Social Affairs of Georgia

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N Title of Document dd.mm.yy Relevance to 5. Regulation of the National Environmental Agency LBS monitoring

6. Order of the Minister of Environment Protection of Georgia on 27.06.2012 LBS Management Calculation of Maximum Admissible Discharge limits of Pollutants Discharged with Wastewater into Surface Water Bodies

7. Order of the Minister of Environment Protection on Regulation on the 17.09.1996 LBS Management Protection of Surface Waters against Pollution 8. Order of the Minister of Environment Protection on Environmental 13.11.2008 LBS Management Technical regalement 9. Ministry of Labour, Health, and Social Affairs of Georgia (2006) Order Ambient Monitoring N297/N: Environmental Quality Norms in Georgia; Sanitary Protocols for Protection of Surface Waters from Pollution (in Georgian). Appendix N 2.1.4.000-00. 10. APHA (1998) Standard Methods for the examination of water and Ambient Monitoring wastewater, 20th Edition. American Public Health Association. Washington, DC.

Gaps:

Georgian Environmental Legislation does not provide mechanisms for the effective monitoring of ambient environment and discharges from LBSs. In the Law on Water, article 80 regulates the governmental monitoring and system of analyses of information on water bodies and waste waters. However, the Law is not supplemented by by-laws or regulations, which would specify the methodology of monitoring of waste waters and ambient environment. Moreover, article 80 of the Water Law underlines the importance of chemical monitoring only. It insufficiently pays attention at biomonitoring, only bacteriological contamination is indicated as necessity.

Environmental impacts data and information are mostly not accessible to public. For example, information on construction of hydropower stations is available only at the last stage of EIA (environmental impact assessment), when all documents are already approved and decisions taken. Therein, through public hearings it is almost impossible to bring change in the case of destructive projects. Besides, receiving environmental data/information from the National Environmental Agency for NGOs is not for free but for substantial payment. The latter violates the Aarhus Convention.

Presently, a new Water Law is under development. It is expected some of the existing gaps to be responded and the new Law to provide for better governance of environmental protection.

ROMANIA

In accordance with Article 8 (1) of the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC), European Union Member States have established monitoring programs for surface water, groundwater and protected areas for knowledge compilation and classification of their "status" within each designated river basin district. Monitoring programs established in Romania became operational on 22.12.2006, applying surface water bodies, groundwater bodies and protected areas classifications. The National Integrated Monitoring System of Waters includes the following six subsystems:

. rivers . lakes . transitional waters . coastal waters . groundwater . wastewater (control monitoring of wastewater discharged into natural receivers).

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Research environments are the water, sediment and biota. Quality elements, parameters observed and minimum monitoring frequencies are being established in accordance with the requirements of the Water Framework Directive, depending on the type of program implemented.

Monitoring of water status in Romania based on the monitoring programs established in conformity to Article 8 (1.2) of the Water Framework Directive is carried out by the National Administration "Romanian Waters" with its territorial units. For some water bodies in the Danube Delta, monitoring is done by the National Institute for Research and Development "Danube Delta", Tulcea, and for coastal water bodies monitoring is conducted by the Dobrogea Seaside Water Directorate in cooperation with the National Research Institute - Marine Development "Grigore Antipa" – Constanta and other institutes. The monitoring of bathing water is carried out by the Ministry of Health with its territorial units.

Regarding the air quality, in Romania there are 142 continuous monitoring stations of air quality, equipped with automatic devices for concentrations measurement of principal air pollutants. Air Quality Monitoring Network (RNMCA) includes 41 local centers that collect and transmit to public information and data from stations. Validation of data is the responsibility of the National Reference Laboratory in Bucharest (NRL). The network is managed by the Minister of Environment and Climate Change through the National and Regional Environment Agencies.

Currently RNMCA conducts continuous measurements of sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3), particulate matters (PM10 and PM2.5), benzene (C6H6), and lead (Pb). Air quality in each station is represented by agreed quality indicators, which are calculated using the concentration values of the measured air pollutants.

Table 12. Romanian national legal acts

N Title of National Legal Act dd.mm.yy Relevance to Water Law no. 107/1996 amended by GD no. 948/1999, LBS Monitoring/Management, Law no. 404/2003, Law no. 310/2004, Law no. 112/2006, 08.10.1996 Ambient Monitoring 1. Government Emergency Ordinance no. 130/2007, GEO (last am. 3/2010 approved by Law no. 146/2010, GEO 64/2011, GEO 26.06.2013) 71/2011 and GEO 69/2013 Emergency Ordinance no. 195 of 22 December 2005 on Ambient Monitoring 2. 22.12.2005 environmental protection updated 01.01.2012 Law no. 265 of 29.06.2006 approving Government Ambient Monitoring 3. Emergency Ordinance no. 195/2005 on environmental 29.06.2006 protection Decision no. 188 of 28 February 2002 approving the rules LBS Monitoring/Management 4. on the conditions for discharge of wastewater into the 28.02.2002 aquatic environment NTPA-001/2002 establishing limits of pollutants in industrial LBS Monitoring 5. 28.02.2002 and urban wastewater to discharge into the natural waters NTPA-002/2002 - Standard on wastewater discharge LBS Monitoring/Management 6. conditions of the local sewerage networks and directly in 28.02.2002 treatment plants Decision no. 352 of 21 April 2005 on amending and LBS Monitoring/Management supplementing Government Decision no. 188/2002 7. 21.04.2005 approving the rules on the conditions for discharge of wastewater into the aquatic environment GD no. 546/2008 concerning the management of bathing LBS Monitoring 8. 21.05.2008 water quality amended and completed by GD no. 389/2011 GD no. 351/2005 regarding the approval of the phasing out LBS Monitoring/Management 9. of discharges, emissions and losses of priority hazardous 21.04.2005 substances

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N Title of National Legal Act dd.mm.yy Relevance to Decision no. 1038 of 13 October 2010 amending and LBS Monitoring/Management supplementing Government Decision no. 351/2005 regarding 10. 13.10.2010 the approval of the phasing out of discharges, emissions and losses of priority hazardous substances. Emergency Ordinance no. 202 of 18 December 2002 on the LBS Monitoring/Management 11. 28.12.2002 Integrated Management of Coastal Area Law no. 280/2003 approving Government Emergency LBS Monitoring/Management 12. Ordinance no. 202/2002 on integrated management of 26.06.2003 coastal areas Law no. 17/1990 on the legal status of marine waters of the Ambient Monitoring territorial sea and contiguous zone of Romania, 13. supplemented and amended by Law no. 36/2002, GEO no. 21.10.2002 130/2007, GEO no. 51/2011, L. no. 187/2012 and L. no. 255/2013 Emergency Ordinance no. 130 of 12 November 2007 Ambient Monitoring amending and supplementing Law no. 17/1990 on the 14. 12.11.2007 regime of internal waters, territorial sea, contiguous zone and the exclusive economic zone of Romania Emergency Ordinance no. 152 of 10 November 2005 LBS Monitoring/Management concerning integrated pollution prevention and control 15. 10.11.2005 modified by Law no. 84/2006, Government Emergency Ordinance no. 40/2010, Law no. 205/2010 Government Emergency Ordinance No. 23 /2008 on Fishing Ambient Monitoring 16. 23.05.2008 Fund, Fishery and Aquaculture Order no 31 for the approval of the Manual (Handbook) of LBS Monitoring 17. the Modernization and Development of the Integrated 13.01.2006 Monitoring System of Waters in Romania (SMIAR) Law no. 30/1995 ratifying the Convention on the Protection Ambient Monitoring 18. and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International 30.05.1995 Lakes GD no. 472/2000 regarding some measures to protect LBS Monitoring, Ambient 19. 09.06.2000 the quality of water resources Monitoring GD no. 201/2002 approving the technical norms on the LBS Monitoring, Ambient 20. shellfish water quality 28.02.2002 Monitoring

GD no. 467/2006 on the amendment of Technical LBS Monitoring, Ambient 21. Standards for shellfish water quality, approved by GD 18.04.2006 Monitoring 201/2002 Decision no. 210 of 28 February 2007 amending and Ambient Monitoring 22. supplementing certain acts transposing the acquis in the 28.02.2007 field of environmental protection Government Decision no. 202/2002 approving the technical norms on the quality of surface waters needing protection or 23. 28.02.2002 Ambient Monitoring improvement in order to support fish life, as amended and supplemented (GD 563/2006, GD 210/2007) H.G. No. 459 from 16 May 2002 regarding the approval of 24. quality norms for waters in natural areas arranged for 16.05.2002 Ambient Monitoring bathing Joint Order MMGA / MAPDR no. 242/197/2005 approving 25. the monitoring organization to reduce the contribution of 2005 LBS Monitoring pollutants from agricultural sources MO no. 245/26.03.2005 approving the methodology for risk assessment of hazardous substances in List I and II of 26. 26.03.2005 LBS Monitoring/Management priority/hazardous priority substances to the aquatic environment 27. Order no. 1072 / 19.12.2003 approving the organization of 19.12.2003 LBS Monitoring/Management

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N Title of National Legal Act dd.mm.yy Relevance to national support integrated surveillance monitoring, control and decision to reduce the contribution of pollutants from agricultural sources to surface water and groundwater and approving appropriate surveillance and control program and procedures and instructions for data monitoring assessment of surface and groundwater Law no.218/24 November 2011 for the ratification of the Protocol on preserving biodiversity and landscape in the LBS Monitoring/Management, 28. Black Sea regarding the Convention on the Protection of 24.11.2011 Ambient Monitoring Black Sea against pollution, signed in Sofia, in 14 June 2004 Law no. 98/1992 ratifying the Convention on the Protection LBS Monitoring/Management, 29. 29.09.1992 of Black Sea Against Pollution Ambient Monitoring Law no 6 / 1993 ratifying the International Convention for 30. 08.03.1993 Ambient Monitoring the Prevention of Pollution from Ship from 1973 Law no. 746/2001 ratifying the Agreement on privileges and immunities of the Marine Environment Protection 31. 28.12.2001 Committee of the Black Sea, signed in Istanbul on April 28, 2000 - Official Gazette no. 842/28.12.2001 Emergency Ordinance no. 57 of 20 June 2007 on the regime 32. 29.06.2007 Ambient Monitoring of protected natural habitats, flora and fauna Governmental Decision H.G no. 1856/2005 LBS Monitoring/Management, 33. (MOf.23/11.01.2006) on the national allowable emissions 11.01.2006 Ambient Monitoring limits for specific atmospheric pollutants Order no. 818/2003 Procedure for issuance of LBS Monitoring/Management, 34. 13.11.2003 integrated environmental permit Ambient Monitoring O.U.G. No. 164/2008 amending and supplementing 35. Government Emergency Ordinance no. 195_2005 on 19.11.2008 Ambient Monitoring environmental protection O.U.G. No. 68/2007 on environmental liability with regard 36. 29.06.2007 Ambient Monitoring to the prevention and remedying of environmental damage GEO. No. 154/2008 amending and supplementing Government Emergency Ordinance no. 57/2007 on the 37. regime of protected area, preservation of natural habitats, 25.11.2008 Ambient Monitoring flora and fauna and the Law on hunting and wildlife fund protection no. 407/2006 Law No. 82/1993 on the Constitution of the Biosphere 38. Reserve "Danube Delta" amended by GEO no. 112/200 and 20.11.1993 Ambient Monitoring Law 454/2001 Emergency Ordinance 243/2000 on the protection of the LBS Monitoring, Ambient 39. 28.11.2000 atmosphere Monitoring Order No. 179/2001 regarding the Registering and 40. transmission of the data related with the marine fishing 01.06.2001 Ambient Monitoring activity Order No. 262/2001 regarding the Preparation of the 41. 16.07.2001 Ambient Monitoring Directory of Vessels and Fishing boats Order no. 422/2001 for approval of the Regulation on the 42. conditions for development of the commercial fishing 30.10.2001 Ambient Monitoring activities in the Black Sea waters LBS Monitoring/Management, 43. Law no. 104/15.06.2011 on ambient air quality 15.06.2011 Ambient Monitoring GD. 856/2002 on waste management records and approving the list of wastes, including hazardous wastes 44. amended by GD no. 210/2007 for amending and 16.08.2002 Ambient Monitoring supplementing certain acts transposing the acquis in the field of environmental protection

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N Title of National Legal Act dd.mm.yy Relevance to Decision no. 1593 of 18 December 2002 on the approval of LBS Monitoring/Management, 45. national plan for preparedness, response and cooperation in 18.12.2002 Ambient Monitoring case of marine pollution with hydrocarbons Law no. 271 of 23 June 2003 to ratify Protocols to the 46. 23.06.2003 LBS Monitoring/Management Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution Decision no. 88/2004 for the approval of norms of 47. surveillance, sanitary inspection and control of natural areas 29.01.2004 Ambient Monitoring used for bathing Order No. 161/2006 for the approval of the Normative for the 48. classification of the quality of surface waters in order to 16.02.2006 LBS Monitoring establish the ecological status of water bodies Order no. 84/2012 on measures for the recovery and LBS Management, Ambient 49. conservation of sturgeon populations in natural fish habitats 24.04.2012 Monitoring and development of sturgeon aquaculture in Romania Order no. 799 of 6 February 2012 of the Minister of LBS Management, Ambient Environment and Forests on the approval of Normative Monitoring 50. content of the technical documentation for obtaining the 06.02.2012

permit for water management and water management

authorization Order no. 662 of 28 June 2006 the Minister of Environment LBS Management, Ambient and Water Management on the approval of Procedure and Monitoring 51. 28.06.2006 powers of approving the issuance of permits and authorizations for water management Ambient Monitoring 52. Law no. 211 of 15 November 2011 on waste regime 15.11.2011

Order no. 448 of 21 March 2007 approving the Norms on the Ambient Monitoring 53. assessment for arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and 21.03.2007

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air Emergency Ordinance No. 68 of 28 June 2007 on environmental liability with regard to the prevention and Ambient Monitoring 54. remedying of environmental damage approved by L. no. 28.06.2007 I. 19/2008 and amended by Ordinance No. 15/2009, GEO No. 64/2011, L. no. 187/2012 and L. no. 249/2013 Decision no. 568 of 14 June 2001 laying down technical requirements for limitation of emissions of volatile organic compounds resulting from the storage, loading and Ambient Monitoring 55. 14.06.2001 unloading of petrol and its distribution from terminals to service stations amended by GD no. 893/2005, GD no. 360/2007 and GD no. 958/2012 Government Decision 1284/2007 regarding the LBS Management, Ambient establishment of bird special protection areas, as part of the Monitoring 56. 31.10.2007 European ecological network Natura 2000 in Romania as amended by GD 971/2011 Order no. 1798 of 19 November 2007 approving the Ambient Monitoring 57. 19.11.2007 Procedure for issuance of environmental permit Order no. 1888 of 28 November 2007 approving the list with Organohalogenated substances and heavy metals, as well LBS Monitorizare 58. as the maximum allowable limits for Organohalogenated 28.11.2007

substances and heavy metals from water and sediment substrate Order no. 342/2008 on minimum size of individual living Ambient Monitoring 59. aquatic resources in the public domain of the state, on 12.03.2008

species that can be caught in the aquatic environment Order no. 344/2008 for approving the operation mode and Ambient Monitoring 60. 29.05.2008 functioning of ships and fishing boats file 61. Decision no. 445 of 08/04/2009 on the impact assessment of 08.04.2009 LBS Monitoring/Management

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N Title of National Legal Act dd.mm.yy Relevance to certain public and private projects on the environment Law no. 317 of 13 October 2009 approving Government Ambient Monitoring 62. Emergency Ordinance no. 23/2008 on fisheries and 13.10.2009

aquaculture Emergency Ordinance no. 71 of 30 June 2010 on the Marine LBS Monitoring/Management 63. Strategy approved by L. no. 6/2011 and amended by L. no. 30.06.2010

205/2013 Law no. 210 of 27 June 2013 approving Government LBS Monitoring/Management 64. Ordinance no. 20/2012 on port reception facilities for ship- 27.06.2013

generated waste and cargo residues Order no. 135 of 10 February 2010 approving the LBS Monitoring/Management 65. methodology for the application of environmental impact 10.02.2010

assessment for public and private projects Order no. 183 of 14 March 2011 approving the methodology Ambient Monitoring 66. 14.03.2011 for monitoring and evaluation of bathing areas Order no. 501 of 08/04/2003 approving the Regulation for 67. the first inventory of pollution sources to aquatic and 08.04.2003 LBS Monitoring/Management groundwater

The administrative instruments used in RO in relation to LBSs and ambient monitoring are enlisted in the Table below.

N Title of Document dd.mm.yy Relevance to 1. SR EN ISO 14001 – environment management standard 2005 Ambient Monitoring 2. NTPA-001/2002 establishing limits of pollutants in industrial and LBS Monitoring 28.02.2002 urban wastewater to discharge into the natural waters 3. NTPA-002/2002 - Standard on wastewater discharge conditions LBS Monitoring/Management 28.02.2002 of the local sewerage networks and directly in treatment plants 4. NTPA-013 - Quality standards of 7 February 2002 that must meet Ambient Monitoring 07.02.2002 surface waters used for drinking water 5. ORDER No. 183 Methods of public bath spots monitoring and Ambient Monitoring 28.02.2002 evaluation. 6. GD no. 546/2008 concerning the management of bathing water 21.05.2008 Ambient Monitoring quality amended and completed by GD no. 389/2011 7. HG 459/2002 Regulations regarding sanitary inspection and 16.05.2002 Ambient Monitoring control for natural spots used for public usage 8. Order no. 501 of 08/04/2003 approving the Regulation for the first 08.04/.2003 LBS Monitoring/Management inventory of pollution sources to aquatic and groundwater

TURKEY

In Turkey, a national monitoring system is not yet constituted; in this regard studies are ongoing. When constituted, all monitoring results will be integrated into a relevant information system. The Ministry of Enviroment and Urbanization is the responsible institution of the national coastal and marine monitoring network of Turkey. The monitoring network is sustained respecting the Barcelona and Bucharest Conventions requirements. On the other hand, due to the accession process of Turkey to EU, Turkish environmental legislation and policy are being developed and implemented taking into consideration EU Directives and requirements. Thus, some national and international projects including monitoring module on developing monitoring strategies, have been carried out by governmental organizations based on WFD, MSFD and other related EU directives instructions. In addition, some partial monitoring studies have been already conducted according to the newly emerging monitoring strategies and huge efforts have been invested by the Ministry of

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Environment and Urbanization to tranform these partial monitoring studies to an integrated and sustained approach.

Table 13. Turkey’s national legal acts

N Title of National Legal Act dd.mm.yy Relevance to 1 Water Pollution Control Regulation (no of OG: 31.12.2004 Ambient Monitoring 25687)

2 Evaluation and Management of Air Quality (no of 06.06.2008 LBS Management, OG: 26898) Ambient Monitoring 3 Monitoring of Fish Farms (no of OG: 27257) 13.06.2009 Ambient Monitoring 4 Waste Water Treatment Plant / Deep Discharge to 20.03.2010 LBS Monitoring and Sea (no of OG: 27257) Management 5 Urban Waste Water Treatment Regulation (no of 08.01.2006 LBS Monitoring and OG: 26047) Management

6 Sensitive and Less Sensitive Areas in Aquatic 27.06.2009 Ambient Monitoring Environment Statement (no of OG: 27271) 7 Surface Water Quality Management Directive (no of 30.11.2012 Ambient Monitoring OG: 28483) 8 Water Protection Regulation against pollution 18.02.2004 LBS Monitoring and caused by nitrates from agricultural sources (no of Management OG: 25377)

The administrative instruments used in TR in relation to LBSs and ambient monitoring are enlisted in the Table below.

N Title of Document dd.mm.yy Relevance to 1 Wastewater treatment 20.03.2010 LBS Monitoring and Management 2 Surface Water Quality Management Directive 30.11.2012 Ambient Monitoring

3 Proficiency of Laboratories relating to Measurements 05.09.2008 LBS and Ambient and Analyses Monitoring

4 Protection of Water against Pollution Directive, taking 10.10.2009 LBS and Ambient samples and analysis methods Monitoring

In 2004, for the purpose of reduction of pollution from land base sources, Turkey implemented a Project related to Land Based Sources for the Mediterrenean and Agean Seas, Sea of Marmara and Black Sea. All land base sources of pollution were determined, pollutants were screened and the priorities were defined according to sectors and areas. After all studies were finished, an action plan was drafted for the prevention of pollution coming from land base sources, and in early 2005 this National Action Plan was finalised and endorsed. Prioritization of land-based point sources has been provided under the same study (Turkey National Gap Analysis For The Strategic Action Plan For The Rehabilitation And Protection Of The Black Sea, BSC archive).

Gaps: . Unclear distribition of responsibilities in the monitoring activities; . Insufficient sharing of data between organizations; . Lack of indicators for the assessments based on monitoring studies, hence, poorly developed indicator- based reporting to decision-makers; . Unavailable database to compile monitoring data and no tools to properly manage them.

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

UKRAINE

In Ukraine the monitoring system is sophisticated and responsibilities are so far poorly defined. In the Art. 20 and 22 of the Law of Ukraine “On the Protection of the Natural Environment” (Nr 1807, date: 25.06.1991) it was foreseen to establish the state environmental monitoring system. The key principles of the monitoring system are given in the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministries of Ukraine “On the approval of the Regulations of the state environmental monitoring system” (Nr 391 date: 30.03.1998).

Key Ukrainian national legal acts on monitoring are presented in Table 14.

Table 14. Ukrainian national legal acts

N Title of National Legal Act dd.mm.yy Relevance to 1. Law of Ukraine “On the Protection of Natural Environment” Nr 1807 25.06.1991 Ambient Monitoring 2. Water Code of Ukraine Nr 213/95-ВР 06.06.1995 Ambient Monitoring 3 Land Code of Ukraine Nr 2768-III 25.10.2001 Ambient Monitoring 4 Natural Resources Code Nr 132/94-ВР 27.07.1994 Ambient Monitoring 5 Forest Resources Code of Ukraine Nr 3852-XII 21.01.1994 Ambient Monitoring 6 Law “On air protection” Nr 2707-XII 16.10.1992 Ambient Monitoring Law “On the establishment of the State environmental network for 7 21.09.2000 Ambient Monitoring the period 2000-2015” Nr1989-III 8 Law “On hydrometeorological activity” Nr 443-XIV 18.02.1999 Ambient Monitoring Law “On the strategy of the state environmental policy in Ukraine 9 21.12.2010 Ambient Monitoring for the period up to 2020” Nr 2818-VI

The administrative instruments used in UA in relation to LBSs and ambient monitoring are enlisted in the Table below.

Table 15. Ukrainian administrative instrument

N Title of Document dd.mm.yy Relevance to 1. Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministries of Ukraine Nr 815 “On Ambient Monitoring 20.07.1996 the approval of the Regulation of state water monitoring” 2 Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministries of Ukraine Nr 1100 “On the order of the development and approval of norms for 11.09.1996 LBS Management maximum allowable discharges for pollutants and the list of pollutants” 3 Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministries of Ukraine Nr 465 “On LBS Management the approval of Rules for the surface waters protection 25.03.1999 against waste waters” Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministries of UkraineNr 391 “On 4 the approval of the Regulations of the state environmental 30.03.1998 Ambient Monitoring monitoring system” Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministries of Ukraine Nr 431 LBS Monitoring and 5 “Rules for the protection of internal marine waters and 29.03.2002 Management territory sea against pollution” 6 Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers Nr 343 “On the Rules Ambient Monitoring and procedure of organization and carry out of monitoring in 09.03.1999 the domain of the atmospheric air protection” 7 Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers Nr 661 “On approval of Ambient Monitoring 20.08.1993 the Regulations for soil monitoring” 8 Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers Nr 51 “On approval of Ambient Monitoring 26.02.2004 Regulations for agricultural soils monitoring”

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

N Title of Document dd.mm.yy Relevance to 9 Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers Nr 1551 “On Ambient Monitoring establishment of Inter-agency commission on environmental 17.11.2001 monitoring: 10 Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers Nr 1376 “State Ambient Monitoring 05.12.2007 environmental program on natural environmental monitoring”

Table 16. List of Orders of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine related to monitoring

Nr Title of Document Nr dd.mm.yy 1 Program for the improvement of quality of basic observations and natural 57 08.02.2002 environmental monitoring 2 Instruction for carry out of inventory of heavy metal emissions into atmospheric 298 09.08.2001 air 3 Unified guideline on organisation and carry out of water monitoring 485 24.12.2001 4 Methodological recommendations for development and implementation of 487 24.12.2001 regional and state monitoring programs 5 Instruction on the rules/ procedure and criteria for state register of objects, 177 10.05.2002 having / potentially having negative impact on human health and atmospheric air state, types and volumes of pollutants emitted into the atmospheric air 6 Regulations on the procedure for informational communication of organisations 323 21.08.2002 under the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine and other monitoring bodies when performing monitoring (КНД 211.0.1.101-02) 7 Recommendations on water monitoring data comparison (РД 211.1.8.103- 325 21.08.2002 2002) 8 Methodological guidelines on inventory of analytical control laboratories (РД 325 21.08.2002 211.0.7.104-02) 9 Methodological guidelines and requirements for equipment of typical water 325 21.08.2002 monitoring points (РД 211.1.7.105-02) 10 Nomenclature and marking for structural elements of the state environmental 324 21.08.2002 monitoring systems (under the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine) (КНД 211.0.6.102-02) 11 Organisation and carry out of monitoring of surface water pollution (under the 89-М 04.06.2003 Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine) (КНД 211.1.1.106-2003) 12 Regulations on the procedure of environmental information distribution and 167 18.12.2003 provision 13 Methodological recommendations on the development of regional monitoring 467 16.12.2005 system 14 On the provision of environmental information 218 16.04.2007 15 Guidelines on the carry out of integral assessment of the state of environment 584 14.11.2008 on regional level

State environmental program on natural environmental monitoring (Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers Nr 1376, date: 05.12.2007) is implemented at the national level.

In the framework of this program and for the implementation of activities on regional (local) levels, each Oblast in UA has developed and approved the following regional monitoring programs:

. Regional environmental monitoring program – Odessa Oblast. Period 2011-2017 (was developed in 2010, but is not yet approved); . Monitoring program of environment – Mykolaiv Oblast (Resolution of the Mykolaiv Oblast Council Nr 4, date: 23.12.1999); . Monitoring program of environment – Kherson Oblast (Resolution of the Kherson Oblast Council Nr 1376, date: 06.08.2010);

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

. Regional monitoring program of environment – Crimea. Period – till 2013 (Resolution of the Parliament of AR Crimea Nr 1865-5/10, date: 22.09.2010).

Each program has component on water monitoring.

Gaps:

1. Contradictory legislation, in particular concerning LBS monitoring and control; 2. Lack of methodological and information provisions for the decision-making system on LBS management and monitoring; 3. National practice does not include new economic tools and criteria which are widely used and proved to be effective in market economy in developed countries.

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

II. Institutional framework of LBS monitoring

1. National level

BULGARIA

The organizations responsible for the LBS and ambient monitoring in Bulgaria are enlisted in the Table below (see also Figures 2 and 3):

Table 17. Bulgarian institutional framework of monitoring

Responsibility Name of Contact person (address, tel/fax, e- Postal address/webpage of the organization mail, skype) organization10 22 Maria Louiza Blvd. 1000Sofia,Bulgaria Ministry of Tel.: +359 2 940 61 94 Iskra Mihaylova - LBS and Ambient Environment and Fax: +359 2 986 25 33 [email protected] Monitoring Waters (MoEW) www.moew.government.bg

Bulgaria, Varna Dessislava Konsulova Black Sea Basin 33 "Alexander Diakovitch" Street, 33 "Alexander Dyakovitch" Street 9000, LBS and Ambient Directorate 9000, Varna, Bulgaria Varna, Monitoring (BSBD) Bulgaria+35952687430/+35952631447 www.bsbd.org [email protected] 4 “Yan Palah” Street Regional 9000 Varna, Bulgaria Inspectorate of Valeri Yanev - Director Tel.: +359 52 621‐350 Environment and LBS Monitoring Fax: +359 52 634‐593 Waters - Varna [email protected] www.eea.government.bg/bg/labs/var (RIEW)

Regional 67 “Perushtitza” Street, quarter Inspectorate of “Lazur” enj. Dobrina Stoilova - Director Environment and 8000 Burgas, Bulgaria LBS Monitoring Waters – Burgas Tel.: +359 56813 205 [email protected] (RIEW) Fax:+359 56/ 813 200

Executive Environment 136 “Tzar Boris” III blvd. Doctor eng. Vanya Grigorova - Executive Agency (ExEA) P.O.Box 251, 1618 Sofia, Bulgaria LBS and Ambient Director to the Ministry of Tel.: +359 2 9559011 Monitoring:

Environment and Fax: +359 2 9559015 provide data [email protected] Waters (MOeW) www.eea.government.bg - Sofia

enj. Todor Mihalev LBS and Ambient Regional 67 “Perushtitza” Street, quarter – Head of Regional Laboratory Monitoring: Laboratory – “Lazur” provide data from Burgas to ExEA 8000 Burgas, P.O.BOX 675 056/ 813 209; 056/ 830 619 sampling and [email protected] analysis

10 Spcifies relevance to ‘LBS Monitoring” and/or Ambient Monitoring”.

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

Responsibility Name of Contact person (address, tel/fax, e- Postal address/webpage of the organization mail, skype) organization10 Galya Uzunova – Head of Regional LBS and Ambient Regional Laboratory Monitoring: 9010 Varna, 4 “Yan Palah” Street Laboratory – provide data from P.O. BOX 675 Varna to ExEA +359 52 / 634 576; 586 sampling and [email protected] analysis 66 “Tsarigradsko Shose” blvd., National Institute 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria of Meteorology LBS and Ambient Tel.: +359 2 462 4610 Dr. Georgi Korchev - Director and Hydrology – Monitoring Fax:+359 2 988 0380 Sofia (HIMH) www.meteo.bg Institute of Dr. Atanas Palazov – Director (currently Ambient Oceanology, Varna, Bulgaria replaced by Dr. Vesselin Peichev) monitoring BAS

Figure 2. Institutional framework of LBS and ambient environment monitoring in Bulgaria

Black Sea Basin Directorate (BSBD) collects the data compiled based on two types of monitoring: self-monitoring of wastewaters from point sources of pollution under the requirements of permits issued by BSBD and from compliance monitoring of the same emitters/discharges carried out by the Regional Inspectorates of Environment and Waters (RIEW).

The self-monitoring (BOD5, COD, suspended solids, nitrogen ammonium, nitrate and nitriteor total nitrogen and total phosphorus, determination of individual emission limits) is carried out according to Regulation 6/2000 (SG, issue 97). For the rest of parameters the procedures in self-monitoring are according to Regulation 2 08.06.2011. In compliance with the acting regulations, BSBD issues permits for discharging wastewaters into water bodies based on the set individual emission limits for point sources of pollution.

Sampling and analysis of waste water must and is carried out by accredited laboratories.

Responsibilities of Bulgarian authorities in the field of LBS monitoring:

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

Water Act: The Director of Basin Directorates (in this case BSBD):

. plans and participates in the monitoring of water, summarizes and analyzes data, including those for wastewaters (Art. 155, paragraph 1, letter 4c); . creates and maintains databases, collecting data from those authorised under the Water Act by the Minister of Environment and Waters to monitor (Art. 155, paragraph1, point 18) . controls the state of the discharging facilities and equipment for the measurement of the wastewater quantities and their pollution.

Water Act: The Minister of Environment and Waters by the Director of Regional Inspectorates of Environment and Waters (in this case Regional Inspectorates of Environment and Waters Varna and Burgas) within the territorial boundaries:

. carries out the monitoring of wastewaters (Art. 151, paragraph 4, letter 1); . controls the land-based sources discharging wastewaters, including municipal WWTPs, parameters and compliance with the conditions and requirements in permits for discharges of wastewaters and permits issued under the Environmental Protection Act (Art. 151, paragraph 4, point 2); . controls accidental releases of wastewaters (Art. 151, paragraph 4, point 3); . maintains databases for the monitoring carried, including self-monitoring carried by the holders of permits issued for the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the wastewaters and for control of the status of wastewaters (Art. 151, paragraph 4, point 4); . maintains lists of point sources forming emissions of priority and priority hazardous substances, general and specific pollutants in actual status (Article151, paragraph 4, and point 5).

The role and responsibilities of each institution in the monitoring process according to the Water act, Regulation № 1, Regulation № H-4 for characterization of surface water, Regulation for Environmental Quality Standards for priority substances and some other substances, Regulations for the structure and activities of Regional Environmental Inspectorates, Structure regulation for Environmental Executive Agency and Regulation for the activity, and work organization and personnel of Basin Directorates is given below:

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

…??? Proposes method for inventory of sources of priority substances

Minister of environment and NIMH, IO-BAS water -proposes& manages monitoring programs -organizes and coordinates the monitoring process for water quantity and sediment flow Proposes for approval monitoring -approves monitoring programs proposed by BSBD -carries out quantitative monitoring -approves method for inventory of the sources programs for water quality -data storage, data-base (emissions, losses and discharges) of priority Proposes for approval monitoring - controls the quality of data substances programs for water quantity -assessments and forecast for water quantity -approves methods for water analysis … ??? Reports data

Plans wastewater Approves methods for water analysis Approves monitoring programs Proposes methods for water analysis monitoring

National parks REI ExEA Report data - monthly BSBD Self- monitoring -Carries out the monitoring of -Carries out the monitoring programs -Elaborates monitoring programs - Assessments of water quality at a -takes part in the monitoring process discharge water -Data storage, data – bases, national level -makes assessments of water quality and quantity -GIS at national level at a basin level Report data – yearly information system for point sources -Data storage, data – bases, information -GIS at a basin level Report data - yearly of pollution at regional level -makes inventory of the sources of system at national level -data storage, data – base maintenance priority substances -forecasts water quality at national level -forecast for water quality and quantity at a basin -maintains the list of sources of priority -proposes methods for analysis for level and priority dangeroussubstances, approval to the Minister -planning of wastewater monitoring -makes inventory of the sources of priority general and specific pollution -makes inventory of the sources of priority substances substances up-to-date substances

- sets environmental aims and targets

Report data from- control activity /self- monitoring and REI control sampling/

Together made inventory of the sources (emissions, losses and discharges) of priority substances

Legend: Monitoring of water quality

Monitoring of water quantity

Monitoring of wastewater

Proposal of methods for water analysis

Figure 3. Institutional framework of LBSs and ambient environment monitoring in Bulgaria

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

In 2012, a new software was developed to collect the monitoring data and facilitate issue of permits for discharges (under the project "Development of an information system for the permissions and monitoring for water management", Bulgarian - Norwegian cooperation program,). In 2012 the software has been tested and approved. It acts as a national information system which includes modules for Permits, Control, administrative services and GIS.The software is embedded in the Ministry of Environment, ExEA, and in the Regional Inspectorates of Environment and in the Basin Directorates.

Gaps encountered:

Thus, in BG there are 6 main players in the monitoring process: the Ministry of Environment and Water, the Executive Environmental Agency, the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology, the IO-BAS, the Regional Environmental Inspectorates and the Black Sea Basin Directorate. Rules for design of monitoring programs for surface water that has to be managed by the BDs are well formulated in the Regulation № 1. There are criteria, which literally transpose the requirements of the WFD into the BG national legislation. Yet there is a lot to improve.

The role and responsibilities of each of the participants in the monitoring process are clear in the whole, there are closed cycles corresponding to the required steps for design, approval, enforcement and implementation of a monitoring program and reporting of data. Probably one of the best achievements of the current legislative and institutional framework is the concentration of roles and responsibilities for the whole LBS management cycle into one (for each basin region) institution: the basin directorate. There is concentration of information and data flows into BDs respectively.

The main discrepancy existing is between the role and responsibilities of BDs in regard with water status assessments, forecasting (projections, scenarios), in-time identification of degradation processes in water bodies, tracing of impacts, setting the appropriate environmental objectives and targets, planning and monitoring of the effects of measures, and others. There is a need to design a monitoring program, a new one, where first the objectives and expected results shall be clearly defined and then the relevant monitoring factsheets shall be developed. It needs also to be taken into account that further development of monitoring programs requires a lot of financial resources, capacity building/equipment, software provision for the collected data management and increase in the staff of the BD, NIMH, ExEA (Regional laboratories), and of other organizations to be involved in monitoring.

GEORGIA

The Department of Environmental Pollution Monitoring of the National Environmental Agency (NEA) of the Ministry of Environment Protection and Natural Resources of Georgia is responsible for the LBS and ambient monitoring in Georgia. Three laboratories are involved in this state monitoring: The Laboratory of Atmospheric Air, Water and Soil Analysis (the central laboratory of NEA, located in Tbilisi), the Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring in Kutaisi and the Black Sea Monitoring Division Laboratory in Batumi. The monitoring of rivers is managed by the Department of Hydrometeorology of NEA under the Ministry of Environment Protection and Natural Resources supervision.

The various organizations dealing with LBS and ambient monitoring in Georgia are enlisted in the Table below: Note: The Table contains also organizations, which are not part of the governmentally funded monitoring.

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

Table 18. Georgian organizations conducting monitoring

Name of organization Postal Address / web Contact person (name, address, tel/fax, Responsibility of page email) the organization

Ltd "laboratory Poti, st. Mikaberidze N2. Grigol Rukhadaze. LBS monitoring Research Centre" www.kvleviscentri.ge Poti, st. Guria №185/30. Tel:599506162;579798800 [email protected] Division of Batumi. St.Gorgasali Nodar Kotselidze Ambient Environmental N124 Batumi. St.Gorgasali N124 monitoring Protection and Natural +995577592255 Resources of Ajara [email protected] Autonomy Republic Government National Environmental 150, David Marine Arabidze, Head of Environmental LBS and Ambient Agency (NEA) Agmashenebeli ave., Pollution Monitoring Department, monitoring Tbilisi, 0112, Georgia 150, David Agmashenebeli ave., Tbilisi, 0112, Georgia Tel. +995 32 243 95 17 Fax. +995 32 243 95 02 e-mail: [email protected] skype: marina155527

Society for Ortabatumi, Name: Izolda Matchitadze Ambient Conservation of Wild Khelvachauri, Ajara Address: Ortabatumi, Khelvachauri, Ajara monitoring Nature “Tchaobi” E-mail: [email protected] Sype: izomuho Tel: +995593303957 APM terminals Poti 52. d. Agmashenebeli Ekaterine Gogoladze Ambient Sea Port corporation Str., 4401 Poti, Georgia [email protected] monitoring www.apmterminals.com Tel: +995599887860 Water Resources 6 Gulua Str., Tbilisi,0114 Mariam Makarova, LBS and Ambient Management Service, [email protected], +995 32 272 72 monitoring Ministry of Environment 26 and Natural Protection of Georgia Water Ecology and Batumi, Georgia Akaki Komakhidze, Rustaveli str. 27/75, Ambient Fisheries Research wefri.ge Batumi, 6010, Georgia, monitoring Institute [email protected] Agricultural University University Campus at Ekaterine Jaiani, Ambient of Georgia Digomi, Head of the Laboratory of Aquatic monitoring David Aghmashenebeli Microbiology Alley, 13-th km. Mob.: +99599 906592 0159 Tbilisi, Georgia [email protected] www.agruni.edu.ge

GAMMA (Scientific 17a, D. Guramishvili ave, Vakhtang Gvakharia, e-mail: Ambient Research Private Tbilisi, Georgia [email protected] monitoring Company) Phone (+995) 599 50 44 33 (+995 32) 260 44 33

Fisheries and Black Rustaveli51, Batumi, Giorgi Komakhidze, Rustaveli str. 27/75, Ambient Sea Monitoring Centre Georgia Batumi, 6010, Georgia, monitoring [email protected]

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

ROMANIA

The organizations responsible for the LBS and ambient monitoring in Romania are enlisted in the Table below:

Table 19. Romanian institutional framework of monitoring

Responsibility Name of Contact person (address, Postal address/webpage of the organization tel/fax, e-mail, skype) organization Ministry of Gheorghe Constantin LBS and Environment and 12 Libertăţii Av., 040129 Bucharest, District 5 40+21 4105386 / 40+21 Ambient Climate http://www.mmediu.ro/beta 4102032 Monitoring Change [email protected]

Nicolăescu Gheorghe-Eugen – Ministry of Health Entry Cristian Popişteanu, no. 1-3, sector 1, Minister LBS and (Public Health cod 010024, Bucharest +4 021 3072 500 Ambient Direction CT and http://www.ms.gov.ro +4 021 3072 600 Monitoring TL) [email protected]; [email protected]

38 Dinicu Golescu Av., District 1, 010873, Olea Viorel Ion - Director of Ministry of Bucharest Naval Direction LBS Transports http://www.mt.ro/nou/index.php 021.319.61.24 / 021.313.88.69; MT: 306

Daniel Constantin – Minister Ministry of Bucharest, Blvd. Carol I, no. 2-4, district 3, +4-021-307-23-00 / +4-021- Agriculture and post code 020921, post office 37 LBS 307-85-54 Rural Development http://www.madr.ro [email protected]

Lavinia Monica Zaharia - Executive Director Agency of LBS and 23 Unirii Street, Constanta 40+241 546596; Environment Ambient http://apmct.anpm.rohttp://apmct.anpm.ro 0241-546696 / Protection CT Monitoring 0241-543717 [email protected] Liliana MARINESCU - Executive Director Agency of LBS and 14 Noiembrie Street no. 5 Tulcea, 820009 +40 240 510620; 510622; Environment Ambient http://apmtl.anpm.ro 510623 / Protection TL Monitoring 0240 510621 [email protected] Romanian Water George PAPARI – Director LBS and Company - 127 Mircea cel Batran Street, Constanta 40+241 673036 / 40+241 Ambient Direction http://www.rowater.ro/dadobrogea/default.aspx 673025 Monitoring "Dobrogea Litoral" [email protected] Environmental 300 Mamaia Av., Constanta Marian Rasnoveanu – Director LBS Guard CT http://www.gnm.ro/sitenou/contact_prim.php 0241/690.990 / 0241/698.555 14 Noiembrie Street no. 5 Tulcea, 820009 Constantinescu Simona - Prim Environmental http://www.crgalati.gnm.ro/tulcea.php commissar LBS Guard TL 0240512681 / 0240 512681 [email protected] National Bucuresti-Ploiesti Street no. 97, District 1, Ion SANDU – General Director Ambient Meteorological 013686, Bucharest +40 21 318 32 40/ +40 21 316 Monitoring

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Responsibility Name of Contact person (address, Postal address/webpage of the organization tel/fax, e-mail, skype) organization Administration http://www.meteoromania.ro 31 43 [email protected] National Institute 300 Mamaia Av., Constanta for Marine http://www.rmri.ro Simion Nicolaev – Director LBS and Research and 40+241 543288 Ambient Development [email protected] Monitoring "Grigore Antipa" (NIMRD) Danube Delta 34A Portului Str., 820243, Tulcea Edward Bratfanof – Governor Biosphere Reserve www.ddbra.ro Ambient 0240-51.89.45/ 0240-51.89.75 Authority (DDBRA), Monitoring [email protected] Tulcea Danube Delta 165 Babadag Str., Tulcea Roman PÂRVULESCU – National Institute www.indd.tim.ro Director Ambient for Research & 0240-52.45.50/ 0240.53.35.47 Monitoring Development, [email protected] Tulcea

The scope of activities and responsibilities of the organizations enlisted in Table 19 are as follow.

Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MMSC) - national policy for environment, water and forestry management, serving as state authority for synthesis, coordination and control in these areas, directly or through specialized technical bodies, central and local authorities or public institutions.

Under the acting legislation, MMSC is designated as the Managing Authority for the Sectoral Operational Programme of environment infrastructure. MMSC has established the following priorities:

. Integration of environmental protection requirements into other sectoral policies, in line with European and international requirements and standards; . Protecting biodiversity, coastal infrastructure rehabilitation of Romanian seaside, ecological and economical re-dimension of the Danube Delta; . Improvement of environmental quality in urban and rural areas; . Risk management and prevention of disasters caused by floods. . Through the Environmental Fund Administration (AFM) allocation of significant sums from the Environment Fund for programs and projects aimed at environmental protection.

National Environmental Protection Agency (ANPM) is the specialized central public administration, subordinated to MMSC, competent in the implementation of policies and legislation on environmental protection as conferred in the Government Decisions no. 459 of 19 May 2005 and no.1000 of 17 October 2012 on the reorganization and operation of the National Environmental Protection Agency and public institutions subordinated to it.

ANPM together with 42 county agencies, directly subordinated to it, is designed to act and ensure a healthy environment for the population in harmony with economic development and social progress of Romania. ANPM responsibilities are:

. providing technical support to substantiate normative documents, strategies and sectorial environmental policies harmonized with the communautaire acquis and based on the concept of sustainable development; . implementation of environmental legislation; . coordination of implementation of environmental policies and strategies at national, regional (county) and local level;

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

. environmental representation in internal and external relations, according to the mandate granted by the Ministry of Environment and Climate Change; . authorization of activities with potential environmental impact and ensuring compliance with legal requirements; . ensure operating of national reference laboratories for air, waste, noise and vibration and radioactivity; . coordination of implementation of sectorial action plans and the national action plan for environmental protection.

„Romanian Waters"National Administration (ANAP) was founded in the current structure due to the need to adopt the European-Water Framework Directive requirements, aiming to manage surface waters on the river basins principles (not regional or county).

Established by the Government Decision no. 107/2002, amended and completed by GEO no. 73/2005, ANAP is the National Authority, coordinated by the central authority in the water sector (MMSC), which administers the state's public domain assets as those provided in the Romanian Constitution. It has as purposes the knowledge, protection, enhancement and sustainable use of water resources, management of the national network of hydrological, hydrogeological and quality measurements of water resources and management of the infrastructure of the National system of water management.

Theus, ANAP apply the national strategy and policy on quantitative and qualitative management of water resources, including flood defense.

ANAP has under its subordination 11 Water Basin Administrations, they are as follows: Somes-Tisa, Crisuri, Mures, Banat, Jiu, Olt, Arges-Vedea, Buzau-Ialomita, Dobrogea Litoral, Prut, Siret, and National Institute of Hydrology and Water Management and Cpmplex Explotation „Stanca Costesti”.

In detail, the “Romanian Waters” National Administration has the following main responsibilities:

. unitary and long lasting water resources management both for surface and ground waters, and their protection against exhaustion and degradation, ensuring rational and balanced sharing of these resources; . administration, operation and maintenance of the National System of Water Management infrastructure; . administration, operation and maintenance of minor water river beds, lakes and ponds, in their natural or fitted condition, of the sea coastal waters and beaches, wetlands and areas under protection; . administration, operation and maintenance of the National Hydrological and hydro-geological infrastructure system; . administration, operation and maintenance of the National System of Water Resources Quality Supervision; . realizing the informatics and telecommunications system within the Water Management System units, developing software products in the field of water management, hydrology and hydro-geology; . allocating the right to use the resources of surface and groundwaters in all its forms, with the exception of living aquatic resources, based on and in accordance with the provisions of the Water Law No. 107/1996, and with subsequent amendments; . defense against floods through the work of the Water Management units and manage the stocks of materials and specific means of defense against floods; . the approval and authorization of water management works and activities that take place on waters or are related to waters; . yearbooks development, synthesis, studies, projects, instructions, books and publications in the field of water; . developing the directory schemes for planning and managing river basins; . fulfilling the commitments made by the Romanian state through international agreements and conventions in the field of water; . implementation of the EU directives in the field of water.

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

National Administration of Meteorology (ANM) provides products and services essential to the community. Almost all sectors are sensitive to weather but the most important contribution of NMA is participating in ensuring the protection of life in Romania. ANM responsibilities are:

o Climate monitoring of Romanian territory; o Develop climate directories and atlases; o Climate Studies applicative for siting, design, construction and operation of social, economic and environmental objectives; o Environmental impact studies in industry, construction of hydro-power, energy; o Studies on renewable energy (solar and wind); o Research studies on variability and climate change; o Inter-seasonal prognostic estimates; o Climate Studies on the risk of various meteorological phenomena dangerous for socio- economic environment.

National Institute for Marine Research and Development "Grigore Antipa" (NIMRD), Constanta located on the Romanian Black Sea coast, has as main activity conducting fundamental research, applied and technological development in the field of oceanography, coastal and marine engineering, ecology and environmental protection, and the management of marine living resources of the Black Sea and other marine areas of interest to meet the national and international interest in the exclusive economic zone and the obligations of Romania's accession to international conventions in the field. It is the technical operator of the national network of physical, chemical and biological monitoring of marine / coastal waters and for surveillance of coastal erosion, is empowered to propose regulations to coordinating ministry in the area. It provides the scientific basis of the national strategy in the field of marine and coastal environment, based on their research-development results and on activities of regional and international cooperation.

At the same time, with the establishment of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve (1990), an organization was created to administrate the natural heritage of national interest in the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, to protect and conserve the physical and geographical units of the DDBR territory - Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve Authority (DDBRA). According to the Law No. 82/1993 subsequently completed and modified, DDBRA is a public institution, subordinated to the Ministry of Environment.

The main objectives of the DDBRA in the management of the Danube Biosphere Reserve are:

. Conservation and protection of the existing natural heritage . Encouragement of sustainable use of the natural resources . Provision of support, based on the results of research, for management, education, training and services

The mandate of the DDBRA includes:

. To establish and implement the ecological reconstruction measures of the deltaic ecosystems and decide the adequate legal measures for the protection, improvement and restoration of the environment quality, where it was deteriorated; . Direct management of the public land of national interest within DDBR and taking measures for restoration and protection of the component physical and geographical units; to organize and implement the survey and control of the enforcement and compliance with the legal provisions concerning the protection measures established in the DDBRA status, as well as other aspects which, according to the law, are in the responsibility of DDBRA; . To establish, together with the Ministry of Public Works, Transport and Housing, the regulations for circulation and access on the river branches for boats, motorboats, river and maritime ships, and for the channels and inner lakes within DDBR, to propose and submit to the Ministry of Environment the access and circulation rules, verifying if they are respected. Tulcea Harbor Master’s Office and the Border Police Inspectorate, through their territorial sub-units, provide at DDBRA’s request support for the

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

implementation of the legal measures on the ships that cause water pollution, according to the law in force; . issue the environmental approval and authorization of the economic activities by individuals and local entities, in accordance with the biodiversity conservation requirements and specific ecological conditions, including also establishment of procedures for environmental obligations in the privatization process; . evaluate the status of natural resources and their level of exploitation in accordance with their potential for regeneration and ecosystem support capacity, elaborating and implementing in this purpose regulations concerning the valorization of the natural renewable resources and of all the other DDBR resources; . operate through all the means foreseen by the law and on the entire DDBR territory, for the protection and improvement of the environmental status and life quality, taking into consideration the need to implement at local level the provisions of the international conventions and agreements in which Romania is party, as well as for the achievement of the objectives, programs and action plans developed based on these conventions and agreements; . work together with the National Company “Apele Române”– S.A. (ANAP) for the effective water management and implementation of the necessary hydro technical works.

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

TURKEY

The organizations responsible for the LBS and ambient monitoring are enlisted in the table below.

Table 20. Turkey’s institutional framework of monitoring

Name of organization Postal Contact person (address, tel/fax, e- Responsibility of the address/webpage mail, skype) organization Ministry of Environment DG Environmental Branch Director of Department LBS monitoring and and Urban Planning Management Marine and Coastal Management management (General Directorate of Ehlibeyt Mah. 1271. Department Environmental Sok. No:13 Balgat Ms. Huri Eyüboğlu Management), Branch Ankara 06520 [email protected] Director of Department www.csb.gov.tr Tel: +90 0312 586 3128 Marine and Coastal Fax: +90 0312 474 03 35 Management Department Ms. Bahar Özöğüt Tel: +90 0312 586 3128 [email protected]

Ministry of Environment DG Environmental Ms. Zeynep Koçak, Banu Gözet, LBS monitoring and and Urban Planning Management Canan Esin Köksal, Özlem Akyel management (Management of Climate Ehlibeyt Mah. 1271. Change and Air Sok. No:13 Balgat Department) Ankara 06520 www.csb.gov.tr Ministry of Forestry and Söğütözü Caddesi, Ms. Gülnur ÖLMEZ LBS monitoring Water Affairs (General No:14/E Tel: 0312 207 61 91, Directorate of Water Beştepe/ANKARA Fax: 0312 207 55 51 Management) www.ormansu.gov.tr e-Mail: [email protected]

Ministry of Forestry and Devlet Mah. İnönü Mr. Nihat Ataman LBS monitoring Water Affairs (General Bulvarı No:16 Environment Division Directorate of State Çankaya Ankara Department of Investigation Planning Hydraulic Works) 06100 and Allocation www.dsi.gov.tr [email protected] Tel: +90 312 417 8300 ext:2474 Fax: +90 312 4171378 Ministry of Environment Mustafa Kemal Ms. Muhsine MISIRLIOĞLU LBS monitoring and Urban Planning Mahallesi Eskişehir [email protected] (General directorate of Devlet Yolu Tel: +90 0312 2221234/415 cultural and natural (Dumlupınar Bulvarı) Fax: +90 0312 2222665 heritage) 9. km. (Tepe Prime Yanı) Çankaya/ANKARA www.csb.gov.tr Ministry of Food Eskişehir Yolu 9. km *Basri EVCİ 0312 258 81 36 LBS monitoring Agriculture and Livestock Lodumlu/ Ankara [email protected], (General Directorate of 06060 [email protected] Agricultural Reform) Tel: 90 0312 287 33 *Yusuf GÜRBÜZ- 60 [email protected] Fax: 90 0312 287 72 0312 258 81 36 66www.tarim.gov.tr *Nergiz ALTAN- [email protected] 0312 258 81 32

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

Name of organization Postal Contact person (address, tel/fax, e- Responsibility of the address/webpage mail, skype) organization

Ministry of Food, Eskişehir Yolu 9. km Ms. Leyla Kıraç, LBS monitoring and Agriculture and Livestock Lodumlu/ Ankara Ms. Derya İşbeceren management (General Directorate of 06060 Food and Control) Tel: 90 0312 287 33 60 Fax: 90 0312 287 72 66 www.tarim.gov.tr Ministry of Environment Department of Ms. Serap KANTARLI LBS monitoring and and Urban Planning Laboratory, Branch Director of Water and Soil management (General Directorate of Measurement and Pollution Monitoring Department Environmental Monitoring [email protected] Management/Department Haymana Road 5. Tel: +90 0312 498 21 50-1502 of Laboratory, Km, 06830 Fax: +90 0312 4982166 Measurement and Golbasi/ANKARA Monitoring), Branch www.csb.gov.tr Ms. Hacer SELAMOĞLU ÇAĞLAYAN Director of Water and Tel: +90 0312 4982150-2030 Soil Pollution Monitoring [email protected] Department

Sinop University Akliman Köyü Prof.Dr. Levent BAT LBS monitoring Fisheries Faculty 57000 Sinop University Sinop Fisheries Faculty Department of Marine Biology [email protected] Tel: +90 0368 287 6254-3312 Fax: +90 0368 287 6255 Ordu University (Fatsa T.C. Ordu Üniversitesi Evren Tunca LBS monitoring Faculty of Marine Fatsa Deniz Bilimleri [email protected] Sciences) Fakültesi Evkaf Mh. +90 (452) 423 50 53 – 423 47 22 52400 Fatsa / ORDU

Gaps

In Turkey there are many governmental bodies and institutes managing or conducting monitoring. The responsible ministries are: Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs, Ministry of Health and Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock. There are many conflicts as the monitoring is not regulated by specific programme and policy documents. Duplications and poor distribution of responsibilities are observed. Therein, Turkey is not yet well focused on developing integrated national monitoring strategies based on WFD requirements.

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

UKRAINE

Currently there are 10 entities responsible for monitoring: Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine, State Emergencies Service of Ukraine, Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine, Ministry of Regional Development, Construction and Housing of Ukraine, State Agency for Water Resources of Ukraine, State Forest Resources Agency and State Agency for Land Resources of Ukraine. Each entity is responsible for a specific section of environmental monitoring. Monitoring is performed on the following components: air, surface waters, coastal waters, soil, biodiversity, radiation, wastewater discharges, fisheries, protected areas (theoretically but not actually developed), etc.

Coastal waters monitoring The State Hydrometeorological Service (presently under the Ministry of Emergency situations) governs the coastal waters monitoring network. The Monitoring network includes stations located near the WW (wastewater) discharge points. The State Environmental Inspections (under the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine) have their own monitoring stations. The State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service performs monitoring of marine water quality within and near recreational areas (namely, bathing water quality).

The organizations responsible for the LBS and ambient monitoring in Ukraine are enlisted in the Table below:

Table 21. Ukrainian institutional framework of monitoring

Name of Contact person (address, Responsibility of Postal address/webpage organization tel/fax, e-mail, skype) the organization Ministry of Ecology 35, Mitropolita Visiliya Lipkivskogo str. and Natural Kyiv 03035 Minister LBS and Ambient Resources of Tel.: + 38 044 206-31-00 [email protected] Monitoring Ukraine http://menr.gov.ua 55-a, O.Gonchara str, Ambient State Kyiv 01601 Head Monitoring Emergencies Tel./fax: +38 044 247 32 05 Tel.: +38 044 247 30 26 Service of Ukraine http://www.mns.gov.ua/ 7, Grushevskogo str., Ambient Kyiv 01601 Monitoring Ministry of Health Minister Tel: +38 044 253 61 94 of Ukraine Tel.: 044 253 61 94 Fax: +38 044 253 40 17 http://www.moz.gov.ua/ua/portal/ 24, Khreshyatik Str., Ambient Ministry of Kyiv 01001 Minister Monitoring Agrarian Policy Tel.: +38 044 226 25 39 Tel: +38 044 278 71 18 and Food of Fax: +38 044 278 76 02 [email protected] Ukraine http://minagro.gov.ua/en Ministry of 9, Velika Zhitomirska Str., LBS and Ambient Regional Kyiv 01601 Minister Monitoring Development, Tel.: +38 044 284 05 24 Tel.: +38 044 284 05 53 Construction and Fax +38 044 278 83 90 [email protected] Housing of Ukraine http://minregion.gov.ua/ 8, Chervonoarmiiska Str., LBS and Ambient State Agency for MSP Kyiv 01601 Head Monitoring Water Resources Tel/: +38 044 226 26 07 Tel.: +38 044 226 26 07 of Ukraine Fax: +38 044 235 31 92 [email protected] http://www.scwm.gov.ua/ 9-a, Shota Rustaveli Str., Head Ambient State Forest Kyi v 01601 Tel/: +38 044 235 56 20 Monitoring Resources Agency Tel.: +38 044 235 56 20 Fax: +38 044 226 32 53

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Name of Contact person (address, Responsibility of Postal address/webpage organization tel/fax, e-mail, skype) the organization Fax: +38 044 235 44 09 [email protected] http://dklg.kmu.gov.ua/forest/control/uk/index 3, Narodnogo opolchennya st. Ambient State Agency for MSP Kyiv 03680 Chairman Monitoring Land Resources Tel.: +38 044 249 96 91 Tel.: +38 044 244 82 47 of Ukraine http://land.gov.ua/en/

General monitoring system consists of sub-systems established under the enlisted above governmental bodies (Table 21). Each sub-system has its structure and organisational, scientific and methodological and technical basis. Each monitoring body performs monitoring of objects/media, identified in the Regulation of the state monitoring system and in agreement with the respectively adopted procedures and rules for monitoring activity. The general scheme of natural environment monitoring is presented in the picture below:

Figure 4. Scheme of the Ukrainian institutional framework in the field of LBS and ambient monitoring

Information on responsibilities of each monitoring sub-system is presented in the Table below.

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Table 22. Responsibilities distribution within the Ukrainian institutional framework of monitoring

Media Pollution source and parameters Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine Atmospheric air Monitoring of emission sources (industries) and maximum allowable missions (MAE) compliance. Background monitoring. 65 parameters are monitored. Key parameters: dust, sculpture dioxide, carbon oxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, formaldehyde, anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, heavy metals, acids, benzo(a)pyrene Surface, ground and marine Monitoring of industries having WW discharges and maximum allowable discharges (MAD) waters – water bodies within compliance. protected areas. WW The monitoring network consists of 1123 monitoring stations (2216 monitoring points). 55 discharges into the Black parameters are monitored. Key parameters: ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, heavy and Azov seas metals, oil products, phenols, chlorides, sulphates Soil, including soil in Monitoring of agricultural soils and identification of trace pesticides and heavy metals. protected areas Industrial enterprises Industrial and municipal landfills. Radiation WW discharges and emissions of industries using nuclear technologies and radioactive substances Natural disasters Geological processes, floods, snowslides, mud flows, etc. State Emergencies Service of Ukraine Atmospheric air and Content of pollution substances, including radionuclides, transboundary distribution of precipitations pollution substances Rivers, lakes and marine Hydro-chemical and hydro-biological parameters, content of pollution substances, including waters radionuclides Soil Content of pollution substances, including radionuclides Radiation On monitoring network points Natural disasters Geological processes, floods, snowslides, mud flows, etc. Ministry of Health of Ukraine Atmospheric air Pollutant concentrations

Surface waters and drinking Chemical, radiological monitoring, identification of viruses and bacteria water Marine waters Chemical, radiological monitoring, identification of viruses and bacteria Soil Content of heavy metals and pesticides, identification of viruses, bacteria and helminthes

Physical factors Noise, electromagnetic fields, radiation, vibration, etc. Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine Soils used for agriculture Radiological and toxicological monitoring, content of trace heavy metals, pesticides and agro-chemicals Surface waters used for Radiological, agro-chemical and toxicological monitoring, content of trace heavy metals, agricultural purposes pesticides, agro-chemicals Agricultural plants and Radiological and toxicological monitoring, content of trace heavy metals, pesticides, agro- animals, agricultural chemicals products Ministry of Regional Development, Construction and Housing of Ukraine Ground waters Ground water level rising

Drinking water in centralized Water quality and quantity of water consumption water supply systems – cities, towns and settlements Waste waters in drainage Concentration of pollution substances, volumes of WW system and on discharge points Green areas in settlements Level of damage caused by plant pests, phyto-diseases, etc. State Agency for Water Resources of Ukraine Rivers, reservoirs, irrigation Radioactive substances content and distribution

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Media Pollution source and parameters system, water bodies used for municipal and industrial purposes, water bodies near nuclear stations Surface waters near state Content of pollution substances borders and surface bodies used for municipal and industrial purposes Irrigated and drainage areas Ground water depth and mineralization, soil salinity and alkalinity Areas around reservoirs Banks transformation and flooding of territory State Forest Resources Agency of Ukraine Soil, lands under forest Radiological monitoring, content of trace heavy metals, pesticides, agro-chemicals resources Forest vegetation (silva) Damaged by biotic and abiotic factors, biomass, bio-diversity, content of pollution substances Fauna (hunting) Species, numbers and spatial characteristics, radiological monitoring State Agency for Land Resources of Ukraine Soil and landscape Content of pollution substances, soil erosion and other exogenous processes, spatial distribution of industries and agricultural areas Reclaimed area Secondary flooding, increase of salinity level, etc. Vegetable cover Species, parameters of growth and damage of plants Bank line and sea line: Dynamics of transformation, damage and losses of land resources rivers, sea, lakes, reservoirs, coastal lakes, hydrotechnical units

Depending upon the function purpose there are 3 key types of monitoring: common, operative (or crisis) and background (or scientific). Currently the exiting monitoring system allows receiving more than 70 different types of data, including meteorological, aerological, hydrological, agro-meteorological, data on the surface waters pollution, marine waters pollution, soil pollution, etc.

Monitoring bodies has already developed or are developing databases. The existing system of information communication among sub-systems foresees the exchange of information at national and regional levels. Organizational integration among various monitoring bodies is performed by the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine and its territorial branches.

All industrial enterprises and companies (of any type and subordination) having environmental impact are obliged to perform self-monitoring under technological processes and the environmental state in sanitary zones as well as to collect, store and provide (free of charge) data and/or summarized information for their integrated processing. For this purpose industrial enterprise/company and the monitoring body conclude an agreement, which is registered in the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine.

All industrial enterprises/companies:

. having WW discharges into a water body are obliged to fill in statistical format 2-tp(vodkhoz) (UA - 2- тп(водхоз)). . having emissions must fill in statistical format 2-TP(vozdkhoz) (UA-2-tp(воздух)); . generating wastes (1-3 hazard class) should fill in format N1-(nebezpechni vidkhody) (UA – 1- н(небезпечні відходи)). These filled in formats should be submitted into the corresponding environmental and statistical authorities

According to the national legislation all industrial enterprises should obtain limits for pollutants discharges. They can have their own WWTP or discharge WW to the municipal WW network. The monitoring is performed by the

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

State Inspection and the key factor is compliance with issued limits. Detailed information on the permit issue procedure is given in the LBS Management Report of the HBS Project (see http://bs-hotspots.eu/Deliverables).

Relations among monitoring bodies are based on:

. mutual information support for decision-making concerning environmental protection, use of natural resources and environmental safety as well as concerning coordination, planning, development and implementation of monitoring activities; . effective use of organizational structures, observation and monitoring methods/procedures; . introduction and use of IT and computer networks; . promotion of joint use of information resources and various types of communication.

Inter-agency commission on environmental monitoring was established for coordination of activities performed by various ministries and bodies, for definition of key principles of the state policy on monitoring system development, for development and provision of the unified normative-methodological basis (Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine Nr 1551, date: 17.11.2001).Organizational and technical support for the Inter- agency commission and its working groups/sections is provided by the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine through the national and regional monitoring programs. Agreements between the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine and other ministries were signed; they give the grounds for cooperation while performing monitoring activities. Informational communication among the monitoring bodies is performed according to the “Regulations on the procedure for informational communication of organizations under the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine and other monitoring bodies when performing monitoring” (КНД 211.0.1.101-02, Order of the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine Nr 323, date: 21.08.2002). These Regulations were agreed and approved by all other monitoring bodies subordinated by other ministries/committees. Information Analytical Center of the State Environmental Monitoring System is established; it collects (or should collect) data from all monitoring bodies (detailed information see in Section V).

The regional (oblast, example for Odessa) environmental monitoring system is presented in the Figure below.

Figure 5. Scheme of the regional (oblast) environmental monitoring system

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

Gaps

There are 10 main players in the monitoring process. Each player has its sub-structure and monitoring network. Duplications and poor distribution of responsibilities are observed. Inter-agency commission on environmental monitoring was established for coordination of monitoring activities. Organizational and technical support for the Inter-agency commission and its working groups/sections is provided by the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine through the national and regional monitoring programs. Information Analytical Center of the State Environmental Monitoring System is established; it collects data from all monitoring bodies. Unfortunately, the System does not have a marine block, so data from the ambient monitoring activities are not yet collected.

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

2. International level

All beneficiary countries are part of BSIMAP (Black Sea Integrated Monitoring and Assessment Programme, http://www.blacksea-commission.org/_bsimap.asp), however, compliance with its requirements is not regulated in the national legislation of any of the countries.

There is a Joint BG&RO Commission on Water Management, which meets twice per year (since 2004, when the Agreement was set) and deals with WFD, MSFD and Floods Directive implementation in a harmonized manner in Bulgaria and Romania. This Commission approved the Joint Program for monitoring of coastal waters related to transboundary issues in the frames of the WFD. The sampling stations included are at Krapetz and Shabla in Bulgaria, and at Vama Veche in Romania11. This Commission supported the joint BG&RO work in relation to the MSFD as well, such as discussions on Initial Assessments and harmonised approach for definition of GES and environmental targets. The factual implementation of the BG&RO Agreement covered until 2012:

. Inter-calibration in the frames of the WFD (GIG Black Sea); . First meeting to discuss MSFD approach and harmonisation activities (20-21.11.2012).

Both parties (BG and RO) have agreed on exchanging information regarding the sampling and analysis methods as well as for the equipments used for general indicators, specific pollutants and priority substances analysis. The parties agreed to expand the assessments of biological quality elements from the coastal waters to marine waters.

11 The following parameters have been identified for 4 times a tear sampling: pH, T °C, Seccki depth, Salinity, O2, oxygen saturayion, BOD5, ammonia, nitrates, nitrites, phosphates, Ntotal, Ptotal, Silicate, TOC. Among priority substances: Anthracene, Cadmium, Lead, Mercury, Nickel, PAHs, Naphthalane, Flouranthene, Hexachlorobenzene (sampled 2 times a year). Specific chemical parameters (sampled 2 times a year): polychlorinated bithenyles, DDD, Zink, Copper; BiologyL phytoplankton (taxonomy, Chl, biomass, seasonal), Macroinvertebrates (one a year for calculation of AMBI, M-AMBI and Diversity index H (bits/ind)).

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

III. Types of LBS/HS monitoring, geographical scope, stations, parameters, frequency (for each beneficiary country)

This Chapter deals with the monitoring of LBS/HSs and of their ambient environment. Rivers are also discussed, however, this is only a brief information on this kind of monitoring, which is aimed at calculation of river loads stemming to the Black Sea. Rivers monitoring is in detail dealt within another report of the HotBlackSea Project (see: http://bs-hotspots.eu/Documents/Deliverables/Rivers%20Monitoring%20Report.pdf), as planned in the GA1 of the Project (Harmonization of Hot Spots policies).

In the context of this report, the ambient monitoring is the kind tightly linked to an activity and its associated pressures, and is localised usually. It can be the direct responsibility of a licensed body (self-monitoring) and/or the regulatory authorities prepare the program and appoint the institutions implementing it. Furthermore, a large number of monitoring programmes can fall into this category, as is the case in all project beneficiary countries.

Ambient monitoring in the BS encompasses state and impacts observations related to both local and manageable pressures and the widespread and unmanageable pressures (those related to, for instance, climate change and natural disasters). A full analysis of the monitoring taking place in the Black Sea is available in several reports: BSC Diagnostic Report (www.blacksea-commission.org), MISIS Project Diagnostic Report (www.misisproject.eu), and the EMBLAS Project Diagnostic Report (www.emblasproject.org). Therefore, in this Report the ambient environment monitoring is presented from the prospective of tracing the influence of LBSs only.

The pollution stemming through atmospheric input is not specifically discussed herein, as it is regarded as a diffuse source of nutrients and hazardous substances to the Black Sea. According to the reports of EMEP- East (http://www.msceast.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=12&Itemid=28&00abd285a50 50fb401a1aac822a594df=11e39615aaf0c9b11b3853584b551ae3#black), the input of substances to the Black Sea can hardly be only related to local sources, as demonstrated in the Figures bellow.

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

Mercury deposition to the Black Sea in 2011, g/km2/y Mercury annual total deposition to the Black Sea in 2011, kg/y with the shares of the contributing countries

Cadmium deposition to the Black Sea in 2011, g/km2/y Cadmium annual total deposition to the Black Sea in 2011, kg/y with the shares of the contributing countries

Figure 6. Trace metals deposition via atmosphere to the Black Sea in 2011 (EMEP-East). (Note for abbreviations of countries: BY - Belarus; GR – Greece; IT – Italy; PL – Poland)

BULGARIA

In Figure 7 (below) all sources of municipal (sometimes mixed with industrial) waters in Bulgaria, directly or indirectly influencing the Black Sea, are presented.

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

In total 78 land-based sources of pollution directly or indirectly discharge wastewater to the Black Sea along the Bulgarian coast (according to data of 2010, currently some of the sources are closed, see the HBS Project Report on Update of the HSs Lists, http://bs-hotspots.eu/Deliverables). This number does not include all land-based sources of pollution in the BSBD territory existent (as most of them do not influence on the BS or their influence cannot be properly evaluated).

Figure 7. Black Sea coastal WWTPs and sewerages (Bulgaria) (re-drawn from the BG Black Sea Basin Management Plan for the period 2010-2015)

As mentioned already, this Report does not specifically deal with diffuse sources of pollution, which among others include the atmospheric deposition of nutrients and hazardous substances onto the Black Sea.

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

However, we would like to indicate the point sources of emissions along the BG coast, as they are quite numerous (demonstrated in Figure 8).

In BG, “Water monitoring” is determined in the Water act as “measurements, observation, assessments for determination of water status”. Concerning the type of media that should be monitored, the activities include natural, artificial, heavily modified water bodies, rain water as well as wastewater, sediment, biota and pressures if they are relevant to determination of water status.

The WFD requires identification of areas at risk in the BS, and frequency of observations up to a monthly basis, which is not so far observed in Bulgaria.

Figure 8. Sources of atmospheric pollution along the BG coast of the Black Sea

The LBS monitoring within the BS Basin in Bulgaria is carried out by the Regional Inspections for Environment and Water (RIEW Varna, http://www.riosv-varna.org/ and Burgas, http://www.riosvbs.eu/) under a Program, which is prepared by the BS Basin Directorate (BSBD, http://bsbd.org/v2/, subordinated to MoEW). These two laboratories are accredited under the BS EN ISO/IEC 17025– “General requirements for competence in testing

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

and calibration from EA BAS” according to Order № 251 from 01.03.2013 and certificate №135 TL from 01.03.2013, valid till 30.09.2015.

ExEA maintains various databases at national and regional level. Databases at national and regional level are structured in components of the environment and use common nomenclatures (Note: Information on databases is provided in the HBS Project Report HotSpots Database Concept, http://bs-hotspots.eu/Deliverables).

Assessments of the state of environmental components and reporting of the data at national level are organised by ExEA while the assessments at the local level are the responsibility of RIEW. Assessments and reporting of water resources at the basin level are the responsibility of the four Basin Directorates in BG, among which the BSBD deals with the Black-Sea related LBSs.

The system is organized in accordance with Chapter 8 of the Environmental Protection Act and includes the National monitoring networks for: air, water, land and soils, forests and protected areas, biodiversity, noise and non-ionizing and ionizing radiation. The Control and Information Systems on: emissions from harmful substances in the ambient air, wastewater emissions in water bodies, waste information system, earth bowels protection information system are also included in the framework of NASEM (National Automated System for Environmental Monitoring).

The Minister of Environment and Waters organizes and manages the monitoring of waters (Art. 171, paragraph 1 of the Water Act). In practice, the Minister authorizes the BSBDs to design, implement and coordinate the monitoring programmes, which are realized at a basin level. These programme are designed with the aim to ensure Bulgaria fulfills national and international obligations, as well as, to receive information necessary to implement the basic management functions of the BSBD related to human pressures assessment, analisys and assessment of the water bodies status, assessment of the effect of measures taken to improve the water status, etc.

Monitoring of surface waters (per the terminology of the WFD – lake, rivers, Black Sea coastal waters up to 1 mile offshore or 12 nm for chemical monitoring) is part of the National System of Environmental Monitoring (NSEM) and includes programmes for surveillance and operational monitoring12. The purpose of the monitoring programs for surveillance monitoring is to provide the necessary information to assess the status of waters in the river/sea basins or sub-basins. Operational monitoring II programs determine the status of water bodies at risk and assess the changes that have occurred as result of implementation of the program of measures.

According to the Regulation № 1 on monitoring of waters, the networks for surveillance and operational (qualitative and quantitative monitoring of surface waters (rivers, lakes, coastal and territorial waters)) and measured parameters in them are regulated by the Order of the Minister of Environment and Waters № RD-182 /26.02.2013.The programmes are part of the River Basin Management Plans (RBMP) and are developed by the Basin Directorates (Art. 155, paragraph 1, point 2а, Water Act) together with the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (NIMH) – Sofia for the quantitative monitoring of waters, and with the Institute of Oceanology to the Bulgarian Academy of Science (IO-BAS) for the monitoring of marine waters.

According to the Art. 6 from the Regulation №1 / 11.04.2011 on monitoring of waters, Basin Directorates (in this case BSBD) develop the surface waters monitoring network under the requirements of Art. 169 and 169a of the Water Act.

12There are 2 kinds of monitoring in BG, which are named ‘OPERATIONAL”. Operational I – real-time. Operational monitoring II - the one related to the WFD, for instance, monitoring of water bodies at risk to evaluate the efficiency of measures taken.

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At every four years BSBD prepares/updates a monitoring programme for the waters according to the Nitrates Directive - for Nitrate Vulnerable Zones. Monitoring of waters used for drinking water supply is also supervised by the BSBD.

Hydrobiological monitoring of surface waters (rivers and lakes) is carried out by Order of the Minister of Environment and Waters № RD-182 /26.02.2013. Executing agencies are the Regional Laboratories (in Varna, Burgas and Shumen) to the national Environmental Executive Agency - Sofia.

According to the Art. 171, paragraph 2, point 3 of the Water Act and Art. 3, paragraph 11 of the Regulation for the protection of the environment in marine waters, the monitoring of marine environment (coastal, territorial waters and waters under WFD and MSFD), including the hydrobiological one, is carried out by the Institute of Oceanology to the Bulgarian Academy of Science (IO-BAS). The monitoring is carried out under a Programme endorsed by the Minister of Environment and Water. IO – BAS sends the collected data to BSBD and ExEA – Sofia.

According to the Art. 171, paragraph 2, point 2 and Art. 4, paragraph 6 of the Regulation № 1, the programme for quantitative monitoring of waters and precipitation and maintenance of networks for quantitative monitoring is carried out by the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology (NIMH) - Sofia. NIMH reports the data to the BSBD and MoEW.

Table 23. Monitoring specifications (Bulgaria)

Type of Is the Geographical Time period Frequency Number of Number of monitoring a monitoring scope (years from- of sampling stations per year parameters regular? to) per year b (from-to)13 per (Yes/No) (from-to) sampling campaign (from-to) Surveillance 10 in rivers and monitoring (for Black Sea Yes 2008 - 2013 4 - 12 14 in coastal 19 - 55 water body in Basin waters good state) Operational Black Sea Yes 2008- 2013 4 - 12 6 in coastal waters 19 - 55 monitoring II Basin Self-monitoring under permits Black Sea Yes 2003 - 2012 2 - 24 78 4-20 for discharge of Basin wastewaters State (governmental) Varna from 2013 Yes 2 78 4 - 20 monitoring for region14 onwards permits State Burgas from (governmental) Yes 2 78 4-20 region15 2013onwards monitoring for

13For Rivers count only those stations which are used to calculate loads of rivers directly stemming to the Black Sea. For municipal and industrial sources count those stations which are used to calculate discharges/emissions of direct or indirect proven and expected impact on the Black Sea no matter how far from the coast is the source. Accordingly, a primary (direct) and secondary (indirect) sources of contamination would qualify for consideration, if pollution is transported to the Black Sea finally. In some cases, secondary sources could be located at a distance more than 100 km inland from the sea. 14RIEW-Varna 15RIEW-Bourgas

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Note: The State monitoring, twice per year, for all WWTPs and sewerages is performed in the first and second half of the year, however, one of these samplings is during summer always.

Table 24. List of parameters with frequency of observations (Bulgaria)

Media Parameter Analytical Frequency of sampling per Method month/per year

Water (river) pH BNS EN ISO 10523 4 times per year Water (river) T0C BNS 17.1.4.01 4 times per year Water (river) Conductivity, µS/cm BNS EN 27888 4 times per year Water (river) Suspended matter, BNS EN 872 4 times per year mg/dm3 Water (river) BOD5, mgO2/dm3 BNS EN 1899-1 4 times per year Water (river) O2 dissolved, mg/dm3 BNS EN 25813 4 times per year BNS EN ISO 5814 Water (river) COD, mgO2/dm3 ISO 6060 4 times per year ISO15705 Water (river) N-NH4, mg/dm3 BNS ISO 7150-1 4 times per year BNS ISO 5664 Water (river) N-NO2, mg/dm3 BNS EN 26777 4 times per year Water (river) N-NO3, mg/dm3 BNS ISO 7890-3 4 times per year Water (river) N total, mg/dm3 BNS EN 25663 4 times per year BNS EN 26777 BNS ISO 7890-3 Water (river) P-PO4, mg/dm3 BNS EN ISO 6878 4 times per year Water (river) P total, mg/dm3 BNS EN ISO 6878 4 times per year Water (river) Fe, mg/dm3 BNS ISO 6332 4 times per year BNS 16777 Water (river) Mn, mg/dm3 BNS EN ISO 17294 4 times per year Water (river) Total hardness , mg/dm3 BNS ISO 6059 4 times per year CaCO3 Water (river) TOC, mg/dm3 BNS EN 1484 4 times per year Water (river) Zn, µg/dm3 ISO 8288 4 times per year BNS EN ISO 17294-2 Water (river) Cu, µg/dm3 ISO 8288 4 time per year Water (river) Antracene, µg/dm3 internally validated laboratory 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the methods IVLM 1016/2010 RBMP) Water (river) Atrazine, µg/dm3 internally validated laboratory 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the methods IVLM 1015/2010 RBMP) Water (river) Benzene, µg/dm3 BNS EN ISO 15680 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the RBMP) Water (river) Cd, µg/dm3 BNS EN ISO 17294-2 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the RBMP) Water (river) Chlorfenvinphos, µg/dm3 BNS EN 12918 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the RBMP) Water (river) Chlorpyrifos, µg/dm3 BNS EN 12918 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the RBMP) Water (river) 1,2-dichloroethane, BNS EN ISO 15680 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the µg/dm3 RBMP) Water (river) Dichloromethane, µg/dm3 BNS EN ISO 15680 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

Media Parameter Analytical Frequency of sampling per Method month/per year

RBMP) Water (river) Endosulfan, µg/dm3 internally validated laboratory 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the methods IVLM 1014/2010 RBMP) Water (river) Fluoranthene, µg/dm3 internally validated laboratory 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the methods IVLM 1016/2010 RBMP) Water (river) Hexachlorobenzene, internally validated laboratory 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the µg/dm3 methods IVLM 1014/2010 RBMP) Water (river) Hexachlorobutadiene, BNS EN ISO 15680 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the µg/dm3 RBMP) Water (river) HCH , µg/dm3 internally validated laboratory 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the methods ILM 1014/2010 RBMP) Water (river) Pb, µg/dm3 ISO 8288 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the BNS EN ISO 17294-2 RBMP) Water (river) Hg, µg/dm3 internally validated laboratory 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the methods IVLM 1012/2010 RBMP) Water (river) Naphthalene, µg/dm3 BNS EN ISO 15680 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the RBMP) Water (river) Ni, µg/dm3 ISO 8288 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the BNS EN ISO 17294-2 RBMP) Water (river) Nonylphenols, µg/dm3 BNS EN 188571 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the RBMP) Water (river) Octylphenols, µg/dm3 BNS EN 188571 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the RBMP) Water (river) Pentachlorbenzene, internally validated laboratory 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the µg/dm3 methods IVLM 1014/20120 RBMP) Water (river) PAH, µg/dm3 internally validated laboratory 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the methods IVLM 1016/2010 RBMP) Water (river) Simazine, µg/dm3 internally validated laboratory 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the methods IVLM 1015/2010 RBMP) Water (river) Trichlorobenzenes, internally validated laboratory 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the µg/dm3 methods IVLM 1014/20120 RBMP)

Water (coastal water) PCB, µg/dm3 internally validated laboratory 4 times per year methods IVLM 1014/2010 Water (coastal water) DDT, µg/dm3 internally validated laboratory 4 times per year methods IVLM 1014/2010 Water (coastal water) pH BNS EN ISO 10523 4 times per year Water (coastal water) T0C BNS 17.1.4.01 4 times per year Water (coastal water) Conductivity, µS/cm BNS EN 27888 4 times per year Water (coastal water) Suspended matter, BNS EN 872 mg/dm3 Water (coastal water) BOD5, mgO2/dm3 BNS EN 1899 4 times per year Water (coastal water) O2 dissolved, mg/dm3 BNS EN25813 4 times per year BNS EN ISO5814 Water (coastal water) N-NH4, mg/dm3 internally validated laboratory 4 times per year methods IVLM 2001/2010 Water (coastal water) N-NO2, mg/dm3 BNS EN 26777 4 times per year Water (coastal water) N-NO3, mg/dm3 internally validated laboratory 4 times per year methods IVLM 1005/2010 Water (coastal water) N total, mg/dm3 BNS EN 12260 4 times per year Water (coastal water) P-PO4, mg/dm3 BNS EN ISO6878 4 times per year Water (coastal water) P total, mg/dm3 BNS EN ISO6878 4 times per year Water (coastal water) Fe, mg/dm3 BNS ISO 6332 4 times per year Water (coastal water) Mn, mg/dm3 BNS EN ISO 17294 4 times per year Water (coastal water) TOC, mg/dm3 BNS EN 1484 4 times per year Water (coastal water) chlorophyll a BNS ISO 10260 4 times per year Water (river and coastal Si, mg/dm3 IVLM 1019/2010 4 times per year water)

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

Media Parameter Analytical Frequency of sampling per Method month/per year

Water (coastal water) Zn, µg/dm3 BNS EN ISO 17294-2 4 times per year Water (coastal water) Cu, µg/dm3 BNS EN ISO 17294-2 4 times per year Water (coastal water) Cd, µg/dm3 - 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the RBMP) Water (coastal water) Fluoranthene, µg/dm3 internally validated laboratory 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the methods IVLM 1016/2010 RBMP) Water (coastal water) Hexachlorobenzene, internally validated laboratory 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the µg/dm3 methods IVLM 1014/2010 RBMP) Water (coastal water) Pb, µg/dm3 BNS EN ISO 17294-2 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the RBMP) Water (coastal water) Hg, µg/dm3 internally validated laboratory 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the methods IVLM 1012/2010 RBMP) Water (river and coastal Naphthalene, µg/dm3 BNS EN ISO 15680 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the water) RBMP)

Water (river and coastal Ni, µg/dm3 BNS EN ISO 17294-2 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the water) RBMP)

Water (coastal water) Octylphenols, µg/dm3 BNS EN 188571 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the RBMP) Water (coastal water) Pentachlorbenzene, internally validated laboratory 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the µg/dm3 methods IVLM 1014/20120 RBMP) Water (coastal water) PAH, µg/dm3 internally validated laboratory 12 times per year (for six-year cycle of the methods IVLM 1016/2010 RBMP)

Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point sources of pollution (compliance pH, no unit BNS EN ISO 10523:2008 monitoring carried out by the Regional Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 times per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point BNS EN 12260:2004 sources of pollution (compliance validated test methods (VTM) Total Nitrogen, mg/dm3 monitoring carried out by the Regional 6/2002 Inspectorate of Environment and Waters,

RIEW) 2-12 times per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point Total Nitrogen (sum of BNS EN ISO 25663:2002 sources of pollution (compliance nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), BNS EN ISO 26777:1997 monitoring carried out by the Regional nitrite-nitrogen (NO2-N), BNS ISO 7890-3:1998 Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, mg/dm3 RIEW) 2-12 times per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point sources of pollution (compliance Total Phosphorus, monitoring carried out by the Regional mg/dm3 BNS EN ISO 6878:2005 Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 times per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point sources of pollution (compliance Orthophosphate as P, monitoring carried out by the Regional mg/dm3 BNS EN ISO 6878:2005 Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 times per year for own monitoring

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

Media Parameter Analytical Frequency of sampling per Method month/per year

Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point sources of pollution (compliance

Phosphate P2O5, mg/dm3 monitoring carried out by the Regional BNS EN ISO 6878:2005 Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 times per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 time per year for WWTP and industrial point sources of pollution (compliance Ammonia-nitrogen (NH3- BNS ISO 7150-1 monitoring carried out by the Regional N) mg/dm3 BNS ISO 5664 Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 time per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 time per year for WWTP and industrial point sources of pollution (compliance Nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), BNS ISO 7890-3 monitoring carried out by the Regional mg/dm3 Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 time per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point sources of pollution (compliance Nitrite-nitrogen (NO2-N), BNS EN 26777 monitoring carried out by the Regional mg/dm3 Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 times per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times BNS EN 12260 per year for WWTP and industrial point BNS ISO 7150-1 sources of pollution (compliance Organic Nitrogen, BNS ISO 7890-3 monitoring carried out by the Regional mg/dm3 BNS EN 26777 Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, BNS EN 25663 RIEW)

2-12 times per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen sources of pollution (compliance (sum of ammonia- BNS EN 25663 monitoring carried out by the Regional nitrogen plus organically Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, bound nitrogen), mg/dm3 RIEW) 2-12 times per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point sources of pollution (compliance Total Copper, µg/dm3 ISO 8288 monitoring carried out by the Regional turned to mg/dm3 BNS ЕN ISO 17294-2 Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 times per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point BNS ISO 6332 sources of pollution (compliance Total Iron, mg/dm3 internally validated laboratory monitoring carried out by the Regional methods (IVLM) 1004/2010 Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 times per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point ISO 8288 sources of pollution (compliance Total Zinc , mg/dm3 BNS ЕN ISO 17294-2 monitoring carried out by the Regional Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW)

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

Media Parameter Analytical Frequency of sampling per Method month/per year

2-12 times per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point internally validated laboratory sources of pollution (compliance Total Mercury, µg/dm 3 methods (IVLM) 1012/2010 monitoring carried out by the Regional turned to mg/dm3 BNS ЕN ISO 17294-2 Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 times per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point sources of pollution (compliance Total Nickel, µg/dm 3 BNS ЕN ISO 17294-2 monitoring carried out by the Regional turned to mg/dm3 Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 times per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point sources of pollution (compliance Total Arsenic, mg/dm3 BNS ЕN ISO 17294-2 monitoring carried out by the Regional Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 times per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point sources of pollution (compliance Total Manganese, mg/dm3 BNS ЕN ISO 17294-2:2005 monitoring carried out by the Regional Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 times per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point sources of pollution (compliance Total Chromium, µg/dm3 BNS ЕN ISO 17294-2:2005 monitoring carried out by the Regional turned to mg/dm3 Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 times per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point sources of pollution (compliance Chromium 6+, µg/dm3 BNS 17.1.4.17:1979 monitoring carried out by the Regional turned to mg/dm3 Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 times per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point sources of pollution (compliance Chromium 3+, µg/dm3 BNS 17.1.4.17:1979 monitoring carried out by the Regional turned to mg/dm3 Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 times per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point sources of pollution (compliance Total Lead, µg/dm3 BNS ЕN ISO 17294-2 monitoring carried out by the Regional turned to mg/dm3 Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 times per year own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point Total Cadmium, µg/dm3 BNS ЕN ISO 17294-2 sources of pollution (compliance turned to mg/dm3 monitoring carried out by the Regional Inspectorate of Environment and Waters,

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

Media Parameter Analytical Frequency of sampling per Method month/per year

RIEW) 2-12 times per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point sources of pollution (compliance Total suspended solids BNS 17.1.4.04:1980 monitoring carried out by the Regional (TSS), mg/dm3 BNSЕN 872:2006 Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 times per year own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point sources of pollution (compliance Anionic surface BNS EN 903 monitoring carried out by the Regional detergents, mg/dm3 BNS 17.1.4.25 Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 times per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point sources of pollution (compliance Extractable substances, internally validated laboratory monitoring carried out by the Regional mg/dm3 methods (IVLM) 1003/2010 Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 times per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point sources of pollution (compliance vegetable oils and fats, internally validated laboratory monitoring carried out by the Regional mg/dm3 methods (IVLM) 1003/2010 Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 times per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point sources of pollution (compliance internally validated laboratory Oil products, mg/dm3 monitoring carried out by the Regional methods (IVLM) 1003/2010 Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 times per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point sources of pollution (compliance Phenols, mg/dm3 BNS ISO 6439 monitoring carried out by the Regional Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 times per year own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 time per year for WWTP and industrial point sources of pollution (compliance internally validated laboratory Sulphates, mg/dm3 monitoring carried out by the Regional methods (IVLM) Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 time per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point sources of pollution (compliance internally validated laboratory Fluorides, mg/dm3 monitoring carried out by the Regional methods (IVLM) 1010/2010 Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 times per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point Chlorides, mg/dm3 BNS EN ISO 10304-2 sources of pollution (compliance monitoring carried out by the Regional

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

Media Parameter Analytical Frequency of sampling per Method month/per year

Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 times per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point internally validated laboratory sources of pollution (compliance Cyanides (CN-), mg/dm3 methods (IVLM) 1011/2010 monitoring carried out by the Regional BNS 17.1.4.14-1979 Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 times per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point sources of pollution (compliance BOD-5, mgO2/dm3 BNS EN 1899-2:2004 monitoring carried out by the Regional Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 times per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point ISO 6060:1989 sources of pollution (compliance ISO 15705:2002 COD-Cr, mgO2/dm3 monitoring carried out by the Regional validated test methods (VTM) Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, 1/2003 RIEW) 2-12 times per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point sources of pollution (compliance Total organic carbon BNS EN 1484 monitoring carried out by the Regional (TOC), mg/dm3 Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 times per year for own monitoring Wastewaters 1 time per year for sewerages and 2 times per year for WWTP and industrial point sources of pollution (compliance Temperature, °C BNS 17.1.4.01-77 monitoring carried out by the Regional Inspectorate of Environment and Waters, RIEW) 2-12 times per year for own monitoring

Regularly observed biological parameters in the Black Sea are phytoplankton, macroalgae, and macrozoobenthos. In the frames of the bathing water monitoring, pathogenic bacteria are monitored in the period May-October annually.

Shortcomings: . some methods apply too high detection limits; . pollutants in the ambient environment are poorly monitored; . habitats are poorly monitored; . mixing zones are not studied (gradients of impacts are not known, respectively).

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

a. Municipal sources of pollution/eutrophication16

Along the Bulgarian Black Sea coast (from Durankulak to Rezovo), there exist 27 WWTPs (data from the BS Basin Management Plan for 2010-2015, currently this number has changed). Total 22 of them are well working WWTPs. 15 of them are municipal WWTP’s and the other 12 WWTP’s are for treatment of wastewaters from resorts and vacation villages, as specified below.

WWTP’s of resorts and vacation villages directly discharging to the Black Sea (Reminder: This is an information from the BS Basin Management Plan for 2010-2015, currently the situation is different and it is reflected in the HBS Project Report on Update of the HSs Lists, http://bs- hotspots.eu/Deliverables, see also further Table 25):

1. WWTP resort “Golden sands” – Discharging pipeline is 720 m away from the coast and discharges to the Black Sea at a depthof 6.5 m from the surface; 2. WWTP “Sunnyday” –“SaintSaint Constantine and Elena”Resort – Discharging pipelines 100 m away from the coast to the Black Sea17; 3. WWTP “Grand hotel Varna” - “SaintSaint Constantine and Elena”Resort- Discharging pipeline is around 200 m away from the coast at the south part of the resort and discharges to the Black Sea; 4. WWTP “Evksinograd” – the station discharges treated wastewaters to the Black Sea; 5. WWTP “Albena”Resort- the station discharges treated wastewaters at 500 m away from the south beach of the Kranevo village and 120 m from the coast to the Black Sea; 6. WWTP “Elenite”vacation village – the station discharges treated wastewaters at 170 m to the Black Sea north of Saint Vlas village; 7. WWTP Ravda – “Sunny beach” Resort - Nessebar” – the station discharges treated wastewaters to the Black Sea north of Aheloj village; 8. WWTP Russalka - the station discharges treated wastewaters to the Black Sea.

WWTP’s of resorts and vacation villages discharge into other water bodies

1. WWTP Priboj (seasonal) – the station discharges treated wastewaters to a dry gully; 2. WWTP Kamchia (seasonal) – the station discharges treated wastewaters to the Kamchia River; 3. WWTP Shkorpilovtzi (seasonal) – the station does not work. Untreated wastewaters are discharged to the Fandaklijska River; 4. WWTP “Duni” vacation village – the station discharges treated wastewaters to a small dam “Gabera”.

Municipal WWTP’s directly discharging into the Black Sea

1. WWT Balchik – the station discharges treated wastewaters to the Black Sea; 2. WWTP Pomorie - the station discharges treated wastewaters to the Black Sea between the Pomorie town and the “Sarafovo” quarter of the Burgas city; 3. WWTP (Experimental treatment module) Sinemoretz village – the station does not work. Wastewaters are discharged untreated to the Black Sea.

16 The List provided here is updated in the Project Report on update/verification of BG HotSpots (http://bs- hotspots.eu/Deliverables). 17 Currently eliminated.

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

Municipal WWTP’s discharge into other water bodies

1. WWTP Varna – the station discharges treated wastewaters to the north - west part of the Varna Lake by corrected gully (canal); 2. WWTP Shabla - the station discharges treated wastewaters to a draining channel and then to the Shabla Lake which is a protected area (Ramsar site). 3. WWTP Shabla - a new WWTP is constructed, but it is not in exploitation yet; 4. WWTP Kavarna – wastewaters go through a lagoon for additional treatment and are discharged to a dry gully at 230 m from the station and 200 m from the sea; 5. WWTP Asparuhovo – the station used to discharge treated wastewaters at the south bank of the navigation channel connecting the Varna Lake and Black Sea, now it is directed into the Varna WWTP; 6. WWTP Burgas - the station discharges treated wastewaters to the “Vaya” Lake (Burgas Lake); 7. WWTP Obzor – Byala - the station discharges treated wastewaters to the Dvoynitza River at 2,5 km before it flows to the sea.; 8. WWTP “Meden rudnik” quarter of Burgas city - the station discharges treated wastewaters to the east part of “Mandra” Lake; 9. WWTP Lozenetz - the station discharges treated wastewaters to a gully at 1500 m from its flowing to the sea; 10. WWTP Kiten - Primorsko - the station discharges treated wastewaters to the Karaach River at 1.8 km from its running to the sea; 11. WWTP Tzarevo - the station discharges treated wastewaters to the Popska River at 2 km before its running to the sea.

Thus, WWTPs directly discharging to the Black Sea are 11 (mentioned above) and 4 municipal sewage systems.

1. Sewerage Balchik town - Untreated wastewaters are discharged to the Black Sea; 2. Sewerage Sozopol – Untreated wastewaters are discharged to the Black Sea near by the new yacht port of Sozopol; 3. Sewerage Chernomoretz village - Untreated wastewaters are discharged to the Black Sea close to the “Vromos” Bay; 4. Sewerage Ahtopol town– Untreated wastewaters are discharged to the Black Sea at 1 km south – east from the town.

Note: Sewerage “Sarafovo” quarter of Burgas city – Previously untreated wastewaters were discharged to the Black Sea, north from the quarter, since 2011 these wastewaters are pumped to the WWTP of Pomorie for treatment;

Municipal sewage systems discharge to other water bodies:

1. Sewerage “Dolno Ezerovo” quarter of Burgas town - untreated wastewaters are discharged to the “Vaya” Lake (Burgas Lake); 2. Experimental treatment module Varvara village - the station doesn’t work. Wastewaters are discharged untreated to the gully “Ayazmensko dere” and then to the sea.

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

Table 25. Sampling stations (municipal sources in Bulgaria)

Note: The code of the stations presents the discharging point to the water bodies reported under Directive 91/271/EEC.

LBS name Code of station (if any) Coordinates Type of station BG1HS 43,302639 resort WWTP ”Golden sands” municipal wasterwaters (BGDPWT10135_05_01_01) 28,053972 BG2HS 43,214917 WWTP Varna municipal wasterwaters (BGDPWT10135_00_01_01) 27,791222 BG3HS 42,500833 WWTP Burgas municipal wasterwaters (BGDPWT07079_00_01_01) 27,43425 43,194917 WWTP Asparuhovo18 BG4HS municipal wastewaters 27,877528 BG5HS 43,396333 WWTP Balchik municipal wastewaters (BGDPWT02508_00_01_01) 27,176333

BG7HS 42,173833 WWTP Tsarevo municipal wastewaters (BGDPWT48619_00_01_01) 27,834694 sewerage network Sozopol19 42,418194 BG9HS municipal wastewaters 27,69125 municipal sewerage network quarter 42,562111 20 BG10HS municipal wastewaters “Sarafovo”, Burgas city 27,528367 sewerage network Varvara BG11HS 42,118528 municipal wastewaters 27,905194 sewerage network Chernomorets21 BG12HS 42,447028 municipal wastewaters (BGDPCO81178_00_01_01) 27,62625 sewerage network Sinemorets BG13HS 42,062611 municipal wastewaters (BGDPCO66528_00_01_01) 27,982 sewerage network Ahtopol BG14HS 42,093528 municipal wastewaters (BGDPCO00878_00_01_01) 27,9545 WWTP Kavarna No 43,408028 municipal wastewaters 28,374694 Resort WWTP Rusalka BGDPWT35064_01_01_01 43,415136 municipal wastewaters 28,514425 WWTP Shabla BGDPWT83017_00_01_01 43,557898 municipal wastewaters 28,562 resort WWTP Albena BGDPWT02508_01_01_01 43,328278 municipal wastewaters 28,069667 WWTP Priboj No 43,12702778 municipal wastewaters 27,93108333 WWTP Provadia BGDPWT58503_00_01_01 43,149972 municipal wastewaters 27,453083 WWTP Devnya BGDPWT20482_00_01_01 43,209361 municipal wastewaters 27,597583 WWTP Beloslav BGDPWT03719_00_01_01 43,185 municipal wastewaters 27,732639 WWTP Kamchia No 43,02458333 municipal wastewaters 27,86519444 42,99708333 WWTP Dolni chiflik (Alfa Wood BGDPWT21912_00_01_01 municipal wastewaters 27,73486111

18 The WWTP is reconstructed as a pumping station and wastewaters discharges flow to WWTP Varna. 19 Currently, WWTP is built. 20 Currently discharges wastewater into Pomorie WWTP. 21 Since September 2015, these waste waters go to the newly built Sozopol WWTP.

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

LBS name Code of station (if any) Coordinates Type of station Bulgaria” AD

WWTP Radva – resort “Sunny 42,638556 BGDPWT51500_00_01_01 municipal wastewaters beach” - Nessebar 27,660389 BGDPCO00833_00_01_01 42,649222 sewerage network Aheloy village 27,643944 municipal wastewaters BGDPCO00833_00_01_02 42,649172 27,643733 WWTP Pomorie BGDPWT57491_00_01_01 42,560864 municipal wastewaters 27,575308 resort WWTP Elenite BGDPWT51500_01_01_01 42,704261 municipal wastewaters 27,779683

“Primorsko klub” EAD No 42,25821389 municipal wastewaters 27,70290556 WWTP “Meden rudnik” quarter of BGDPWT07079_01_01_01 42,443333 municipal wastewaters Burgas 27,436667

WWTP Sredets BGDPWT17974_00_01_01 42,358889 municipal wastewaters 27,208056 BGDPCO48619_00_01_01 42,171944 Sewerage network Tsarevo 27,858611 municipal wastewaters BGDPCO48619_00_01_02 42,163722 27,860417 resort WWTP “Duni” BGDPWT67800_01_01_01 42,118528 municipal wastewaters 27,905194

WWTP Lozenets BGDPWT44094_00_01_01 42,199667 municipal wastewaters 27,789889 WWTP Obzor - Byala BGDPWT07598_00_01_01 42,841522 municipal wastewaters 27,859633

WWTP Kiten - Primorsko BGDPWT58356_00_01_01 42,216983 municipal wastewaters 27,750667

b. Industrial sources of pollution/eutrophication22

The List of industrial sources of pollution (coastal industrial WWTP’s ) includes:

Industrial sources of pollution directly discharging into the Black Sea

1. “Investigation and production of oil and gas” АD, brunch Shabla – production and processing of raw oil. There are 16 discharges. 16 local treatment equipments are built. Sanitary wastewaters are treated by local treatment equipment septic hole. Mechanically treated wastewaters are discharged to the sea. 2. “DK - Domostroene” АD Burgas city /industrial building/. Mechanically treated wastewaters (sanitary and industrial waters) are discharged to the sea23.

22 The List provided here is updated in the Project Report on verification of BG HotSpots.

LBS/HSs Monitoring: Diagnostic Report 2015

3. “Paradise beach” EAD– wastewaters are treated by local WWTP and discharged to a dry gully flowing to the sea. 4. “Burgas shipyards” АD Burgas city – Mechanically treated wastewaters are discharged to the sea (Note: No upgrade, however, the waste waters discharged are only domestic and the source cannot be qualified as industrial).

Industrial sources of pollution discharging to other water bodies

1. “Agropolihim” AD – wastewaters discharge to the corrected gully “White canal” and then to the Beloslav Lake. 2. “Devnya cement” AD – draining waters discharge to the Devnenska River. 3. “Devnya sugar factory” EAD - mechanical treated wastewaters discharge to the canal “Odesos” and then to the Devnenska River24. 4. “TETZ Deven” AD - treated wastewaters discharge to the Devnenska River. 5. “Polimeri” AD – production of chlorine and chloric products. – treated wastewaters discharge to the Devnenska River. 6. “Solvay sodi” AD – wastewaters discharge to the canal “Padina” and then to the Provadijska River. 7. “TETZ Varna” EAD – mechanical treated wastewaters discharge to the Varna Lake. 8. “Terem – KRZ – Flotski arsenal” EOOD - mechanical treated wastewaters discharge to the Varna Lake. 9. “Keeping cleanness of sea waters” АD - treated wastewaters discharge to the Varna Lake. 10. “BM Port” AD – port terminal “Lesoport” - treated wastewaters discharge to the Varna Lake. 11. “Maneks sun” AD – pig farm Slanchevo village – wastewaters discharge to the gully “Haramijsko dere”. The gully discharges after 6,3 km to the Beloslav Lake. 12. “Andela” АD – production of ballast and other inert materials “Gorno Ezerovo” – mechanically treated wastewaters discharge to the “Vaya” Lake (Burgas Lake). 13. “Vaya - 96” ООD production of ballast and other inert materials – mechanically treated waters discharged to the “Vaya” Lake (Burgas Lake)25. 14. “Yana” AD - mechanically treated wastewaters discharged to the south – west part of the “Vaya” Lake (Burgas Lake)26. 15. “Aves – 94” AD – a livestock farm for poultry “Krajmorie” quarter of Burgas city - treated wastewaters discharge to the “Vaya” Lake (Burgas Lake). 16. Port Burgas” AD – terminal west” – mechanically treated wastewaters discharged to the “Vaya” Lake (Burgas Lake)27. 17. “Andela” AD – production of ballast and other inert materials “Novoseltzi 3” Konstantinovo village – wastewaters discharge to the “Mandra” dam. 18. “Lukoil Neftohim Bourgas” AD – oil terminal “Rosenetz” – treated wastewaters discharge to a natural wetland. 19. “Lukoil Neftohim Bourgas” AD oil refinery (central treatment plant) – mixed wastewaters (industrial, sanitary, rain and cooling waters) discharge treated to the second oxidizing lake that discharges to the Mandra Lake. The second oxidizing lake is from the system of oxidizing lakes.

23 Currently eliminated. 24 Currently, exploitation is discontinued. 25 Currently, exploitation is discontinued. 26 Currently, exploitation is discontinued. 27 Currently, waste waters are transported to WWTP Burgas.

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Table 26. Sampling stations (industrial sources in BG)

LBS name Code of station (if any) Coordinates Type of station 43,1604 “Solvay Sodi” AD - WWTP BG6HS industrial wastewaters 27,596183 Lukoil Neftochim Burgas AD- central 42,444771 BG8HS industrial wastewaters treatment plant 27,434358 43,53901667 28,60866111 43,53830556 28,60646667 43,53703333 28,60654167 43,5177 28,60095833 43,51600556 28,60014722 43,513375 “PDNG” AD branch Shabla (Oil and Gas 28,59899444 Exploration and Production” Plc) 13 No 43,50744444 industrial wastewaters discharges 28,59542222 43,50619444 28,59487778 43,50360278 28,59255000 43,49957778 28,58905278 43,49958056 28,58856667 43,49570278 28,58704722 43,49243056 28,58642500 43,40358611 “Evromangan” AD No 28,01041944 industrial wastewaters 43,403535556 28,01576667 “LEGALITI” AD No 43,40313889 industrial wastewaters 28,24672222 “Devnya cement” AD No 43,23521667 industrial wastewaters 27,58681667 TETZ “Deven” AD (thermoelectric power No 43,18976667 plant) industrial wastewaters 27,62428333 43,19541667 “Agropolychim” Inc No 27,66472222 industrial wastewaters 43,19652778 27,65772222 TETZ “Varna” EAD oil fuel holding No 43,19488889 industrial wastewaters 27,76944444 43,19777778 TETZ “Varna” EAD (thermoelectric power 27,76944444 plant) 43,19777778 27,76944444 canal with hot water 1; canal with hot No 43,18888889 industrial wastewaters water 2, waters from first section of ash 27,79222222 pond; waters from second section of ash 43,20527778 pond 27,79305556 43,19488889 27,76944444 "Marine Antipollution Enterprise" JSCo No 42,18616667 industrial wastewaters 27,90883333 43,18683333 No “TEREM - KRZ FLOTSKI ARSENAL 27,76933333 industrial wastewaters 43,18666667

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LBS name Code of station (if any) Coordinates Type of station VARNA” EOOD 27,75583333 43,18783333 27,7605 “BM Port” AD No 43,19975 industrial wastewaters 27,8004 “Kaolin” AD branch Ignatievo city No 43,26836111 industrial wastewaters 27,73727778 “OMV Bulgaria” OOD No 43,22813889 industrial wastewaters 27,90227778

Veselin Atanasov Boichev a settlement No 43,23122222 industrial wastewaters formation “Pchelina” – local WWTP 27,90391667

“SBALPFZ – Varna” EOOD (Specialized 43,18333333 Hospital for Active Treatment of No industrial wastewaters 27,73333333 tuberculosis)

“Elekta” EOOD Zvezditsa village No 43,18213889 industrial wastewaters 27,81705556

“Maneks sun” AD No 43,23438889 industrial wastewaters 27,66427778 Devnya sugar factory (Devnenski zaharen zavod” EAD (processing plant No 43,21048333 industrial wastewaters sugar)) – currently eliminated 27,60158333

“Burgas shipyards” AD No 42,47194444 industrial wastewaters 27,45277778 “GBS Invest” EAD No 42,35666667 industrial wastewaters 27,74536111 “Paradise beach” EAD No 42,70477778 industrial wastewaters 27,80186111 “Komplektstroy” EOOD No 42,33119444 industrial wastewaters 27,72855556

“IF Favorit” OOD No 42,21777778 industrial wastewaters 27,78275 WWTP Evksinograd – a rest base of the No 43,22130556 industrial wastewaters - Council of Ministers 28,00663889 doubtful “Andela” AD – Gorno Ezerovo ballast No 42,48666667 industrial wastewaters 27,44 Atanas Stankov Ivanov – resort building, No 42,41927778 camp “Garden” industrial wastewaters 27,64413889

IDEN DEVELOPMENTS” AD No 42,70647222 industrial wastewaters 27,77941667

“Promet steel” AD No 42,415 industrial wastewaters 26,24638889 “Avesta – 92” EOOD No 42,95583333 industrial wastewaters 27,89472222 “Chernomrosko zlato” AD (winery “Black No 43,65694444 sea gold”) industrial wastewaters 27,57586111

“Chicken group” OOD No 42,58369111 industrial wastewaters 27,41841333

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LBS name Code of station (if any) Coordinates Type of station “Yana” AD – currently eliminated No 42,48 industrial wastewaters 27,42666667

42,47691667 “Vaya – 96” OOD - currently eliminated No 27,43408333 industrial wastewaters 42,47469444 27,432425

ZSK Lozovo” AD No 42,51815 industrial wastewaters 27,39865 “Stroitelni materiali” AD No 42,43569444 (Building/Construction materials”) industrial wastewaters 27,40411111 “Nafteks Petrol” EOOD No 42,4925 industrial wastewaters 27,45666667 “Lukoil Neftohim Burgas” AD – No 42,60291667 Profilaktorium Mineralni bani (spa industrial wastewaters 27,40161111 mineral waters)

“Lukoil Neftohim Burgas” AD No 42,44611111 industrial wastewaters oil terminal “Rosenets” 27,54466667

“Mina – Cherno more” EAD mining No 42,68416667 activities industrial wastewaters 27,48055556 “Burgaski zaharen zavod” EAD (sugar No 42,54022222 factory) industrial wastewaters 27,31355556

“Odesos PMB” AD No 43,20294444 industrial wastewaters 27,89052778

“Pretty life” OOD No 42,690028844 industrial wastewaters 27,66743939

c. Rivers

The rivers monitoring is regulated in the Water Act, Regulation N 1 on monitoring of water, and Regulation N 4 on characterization of surface water.

There are 33 Rivers in the Black Sea Basin on the territory of Bulgaria (those, which directly or indirectly inflow into the Black Sea). The largest is Kamchia and it is also the most serious source of pollution among all BG Black Sea rivers. Previously, 10 BG rivers were monitored for loads stemming to the Black Sea (Table 27). Table 27. Sampling stations (rivers of BG) (until 2010)

LBS name Code of station (if any) Coordinates Type of station r. Batova - mouth 43,35780 river BG2DO831MS001 28,05638 r. Kamchia - "Poda" BG2KA00119MS001 43,01980 river (BGRI1) 27,82144 r. Dvojnitsa - mouth 42,82643 river BG2SE41MS003 27,87675 r. Hadjijska – v.Tankovo 42,70105 river BG2SE61MS005 27,65533 r. Aheloj - mouth 42,63411 river BG2SE81MS008 27,64047 r. Ropotamo – v.Veselie 42,31077 river BG2IU291MS003 27,62380 r. Diavolska – 5 km before Primorsko 42,26889 river BG2IU411MS001 27,66492

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LBS name Code of station (if any) Coordinates Type of station r. Karaach - mouth 42,19486 river BG2IU6915MS002 27,74808 r. Veleka – v. Sinemoretz 42,06050 river BG2VE111MS001 27,96669 r. Rezovska - mouth 41,98053 river BG2RE855MS002 28,02458

Currently, in line with the Ministerial Order 1/2011, there is only one station, which allows calculating riverine loads directly stemming to the Black Sea – at Kamchia River, Poda station.

d. Ambient environment (to trace the impacts of LBS/HotSpots-related pressures)

This kind of monitoring in BG is mostly governed by the obligations of the country to comply with the EC legislation/policy, namely within the WFD. The choice of stations to trace the status of the BS waters within the 1- mile zone offshore (as required by the WFD) is presented in Fig 9.

The stations have been selected to fit the monitoring so that to trace pressures from LBSs and related impacts in the BS environment. However, no gradients of LBS influence are actually monitored, and neither the individual impact of direct discharges nor the cumulative effects of several sources are properly distinguished in the assessments of the Black Sea status.

Yet, based on long-term observations along the BG coast, both – sensitive areas and areas most threatened by pollution/eutrophication are well known. They are demonstrated in Figures 10 and 11. In Fig. 10 the sensitivity is mentioned in relation to accidental oil spills, however, the same areas are sensitive to any kind of pollution.

The officially appointed organizations for this kind of monitoring are IO-BAS28 and NIMH, as mentioned already. There are other organizations involved in monitoring, which is not very much different from the routine observations carried out by IO-BAS, for instance, the Institute of Fishing Resources (IFR, Varna) and the Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research-BAS, Laboratory of Marine Ecology (IBER-BAS, Sofia).

Bathing water monitoring (Fig. 12) is under the responsibility of the Ministry of Health, and is implemented by its regional inspections.

There is no permanently established National Monitoring Program/Network which would encompass the obligations under the WFD29, Nitrate, Habitat Directive and MSFD in an integrated manner, on an annual basis and would also specify the provisions of its regular implementation.

28 IO-BAS is officially appointed through a Ministerial order as the responsible organization for MSFD and WFD monitoring (www.stz.riew.e-gov.bg/files/file/.../NAREDBA_1_ot_11042011.doc: Ordinance No.1/11.04.2011 of the Minister of Environment and water, Bulgaria; Ordinance / Ministerial order No 273 for protection of the environment in marine water and implementation of MSFD, 30.11.2010).

29 The monitoring sensu WFD has started in 2006 with the first phase ended in 2011. Since 2012, the second cycle/phase has begun and a national Monitoring is well established at present at 20 stations in 13 water bodies of the Black Sea. The second cycle is designed to fill in the gaps in the parameters observed (mandatory but not monitored during the first cycle), and to comply with the frequency of sampling required by the WFD. The BS Basin Management Plan is currently under revision, accordingly the WFD monitoring programmes are going to be revised for the period 2016-2021.

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Figure 9. Monitoring stations in 2012 (WFD monitoring in BG).

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Table 28. Coordinates of BS stations monitored along the BG coast of the BS in the frames of the WFD

Station Region Coordinates Depth

Name of nearby city/town/village or Code N, Latitude E, Longitude m river or Cape or resort

BG2BS00000MS001 Krapetz 43°35.250' 28°35.500' 15.2

Krapetz 2 (Note: Excluded in 2013 BG2BS00000MS099 43°34.866' 28°36.788' 21.7 after optimization)

BG2BS00000MS102 Shabla town 43°32.000' 28°36.400' 35.3

BG2BS00000MS002 Rusalka Resort 43°25.460' 28°33.202' 27.4

BG2BS00000MS003 Cape Kaliakra 43°22.000' 28°25.000' 15.4

BG2BS00000MS104 Balchik town 43°22.750' 28°12.000' 16.8

BG2BS00000MS105 Albena Resort 43°19.500' 28°05.800' 16. 7

BG2BS00000MS004 Cape Galata 43°10.000' 28°00.000' 23.0

BG2BS00000MS005 Varna Bay - North 43°12.100' 27°57.300' 16.3

BG2BS00000MS006 Varna Bay - South 43°11.100' 27°56.200' 14

BG2BS00000MS007 Kamchia River 43°01.500' 27°54.550' 18.3

BG2BS00000MS008 Dvoinica River 42°46.100' 27°55.560' 29.1

BG2BS00000MS109 Koketrais bank (Bourgas Bay) 42°38.800' 27°53.200' 16.5

BG2BS00000MS009 Nessebar town 42°40.800' 27°46.700' 22.0

BG2BS00000MS010 Sarafovo (quarter of Bourgas city) 42°30.380' 27°40.330' 27.1

BG2BS00000MS011 Rosenetz 42°27.800' 27°31.000' 14.2

BG2BS00000MS012 Bourgas city 2 42°30.019' 27°48.000' 35.2

BG2BS00000MS111 Sozopol town 42°26.000' 27°43.350' 38

BG2BS00000MS110 Cape Maslen 42°20.170' 27°49.150' 44

BG2BS00000MS112 Varvara village 42°09.000' 27°54.750' 52

BG2BS00000MS013 Veleka River 42°05.000' 28°00.000' 54

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Figure 10. Sensitive areas along the BG coast of the BS.

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Note: The sensitivity indices assigned to the Black Sea coastal waters were based on the national priorities for conservation and protection of the following areas:

 resorts and amenity areas  areas for fishing and for shellfish  ports  nature reserves and protected areas (Habitat and Bird Directive, NATURA 2000 Sites)  other ecologically sensitive areas (biological/ecological value, sensitive hydromorphology, economic importance, sensitivity to oil pollution)

The most threatened areas along the BG BS coast are presented in Figure 11, marked by red colour.

Most of the priority substances, listed in mandatory legislation, are not in reality observed in the Black Sea. As described by the IO-BAS, the monitoring they implement includes:

Table 29. BG monitoring in the Black Sea under the WFD requirements

Parameter Analytical Method FREQUENCY of SAMPLING In Water (specify In In Biota Surface/Depth/Layer), including Sediment (for benthic communities (for contami nation) contaminati

on) Phytoplankton Moncheva, Parr (2010) Frequency: irregular No No Biodiversity Depths: surface, thermocline, chl.a Abundance [cells/l] maximum, 90m Biomass[ mg/m3] Chlorophyll a [mg/m3] Zooplankton Alexandrov, Korshenko, Frequency: irregular No No Biodiversity (2006) Depths: upper mixed layer (UML), layer of Abundance [ind/m3] thermocline, Сold Intermediate layer Biomass[ mg/m3] (CIL), deeper layer from the depth of sigma theta = 16.2 to the lower boundary of CIL Macrophytobenthos Kalugina-Gutnik, 1975; Bottom/ Once per year No No Biodiversity Minicheva-Algae Biomass manualhttp://www.blackse a-commission.org/l Ratio of tolerant and sensitive Orfanidis et al. species; Ecological index 2001,2011.Dencheva 2012 (in print) Macrozoobenthos Todorova, Konsulova, Down to 100 m depth, once per year No No Biodiversity 2005 Abundance [ind/m2] Biomass[ g/m2] Fish Swept area method Twice per year No No Stock abundance and Beverton&Holt (1957); biomass, CPUA; CPUE; MSY, Prodanov, 1989; TAC; Fopt Spare et al., 1989; Length, weight growth and age Hilborn&Waters, 1992

Mammals Standard counting method Frequency: irregular No No

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Parameter Analytical Method FREQUENCY of SAMPLING In Water (specify In In Biota Surface/Depth/Layer), including Sediment (for benthic communities (for contami nation) contaminati

on)

Chemistry (pH, DO, OS, N-NH4, pH-meters; DO-Winkler Frequency: irregular Frequency: N-NO3, N-NO2, TN, P-PO4, TP, method; Nutrients -Methods Standard depths:- 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, irregular Si, BOD5, Fe, Mn, Suspended of Seawater Analysis, ed. by 150, 200m; Thermocline; Surface matter) K. Grasshoff (1983) Sigma theta - 15.4-16.2 (2008-2010) sediments Organic carbon in sediments – Methods for analysis of the organic matter in the ocean, ed by Romankevich (1980)

The frequency of most observations is mentioned irregular because of the unstable provision of funding.

Figure 11. Status of BS coastal waters along the BG coast according to the WFD monitoring (data 2007).

Note: In red the most threatened areas along the BG coast appear. Such maps are produced on an annual basis, some of them are presented in the HBS Project Final Report.

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Figure 12. Bathing water monitoring results in 2011 (Bulgarian Black Sea coast).

Conclusions, gaps:

In conclusion, during the last years a lot of effort was invested in Bulgaria to improve the LBSs and ambient environment monitoring, however, further improvements are needed in the planning and implementation of the monitoring programmes. More financial and human resources are needed to gather the data and information, which would allow properly assessing the state of the environment and respectively improving the management of environment protection, basing it on the ecosystem approach.

There is a need to create and regulate by specific policy documents an integrated monitoring programme, which would take into consideration the requirements of the EU WFD, MSFD, Nitrate, Birds and Habitats Directives.

GEORGIA

General information

In Georgia, NEA (National Environmental Agency) is responsible for LBSs monitoring activities in agreement with the requirements of the international standard ISO 17025. QA/QC applies to the whole environmental monitoring process, including data analysis, interpretation and management. NEA has Quality Manual and SOPs. The NEA Laboratories continually improve the effectiveness of their management system using quality policy with identified quality objectives, lessons learnt from results obtained from internal audits, data analysis control, corrective and preventive actions at all stages of monitoring/surveillance, interlaboratory comparisons, personnel education and regular management reviews. The NEA Laboratories use appropriate methods and procedures for all tests conducted within their scopes of activities. These include handling, transport, storage and preparation of items for

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testing and, where necessary, the estimation of measurements uncertainty and statistical techniques for analysis of test data. The monitoring on the ambient environment status is carried out at a limited scale, basically by the Fishery and Black Sea Monitoring Center of NEA in Batumi and by the NEA Environmental Pollution Monitoring Laboratory located in Kutaisi. The Batumi Center has a Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring.

In Ajara, effluent discharges from industrial facilities are mainly monitored by the laboratory of the Ajara Agriculture Ministry (established in 2006, accredited in 2009) upon request of the Ajara Department on Environment Natural Resources.

Table 30. LBS-related monitoring in Georgia (stations)

LBS Name Code of station (if any) Coordinates Type of stations Maltakva and Island districts Beach Kundzuli district Beach Golden Lake Sport Recreational Sewage River Rioni and storm waters (Ltd. Laboratory Research Centre, Poti) Rioni River, Poti south Rioni, Poti south Latitude: 42008’627 river Rioni River, Poti north Longitude: 41040’310 Chorokhi River, Rioni, Poti north Latitude: 41035’6 river Supsa River Longitude: 41035’7 (National Environmental Chorokhi Latitude: 42012’3 river Agency) Longitude: 41045’2 Supsa River Latitude: 42011’890 river Longitude: 41039’757 Ambient monitoring coastal sand dunes and N4185380 (NGO Chaobi) freshwater ponds E04179434 N4185401 E04179246

Poti port (Corporation “Poti Internal harbor Latitude: 719812 industrial Seaport”), Longitude: 4670390 Reference point #1, North harbor Latitude 719164 industrial Reference point #2, Longitude:4670296 Reference point #3, South harbor Latitude: 719054 industrial Longitude: 4669944 Kvariati 41º33'02.1'N Chorokhi Estuary 041º 33'43.5'E Batumi 41º36'34.9'N Green Cape 041º 34'30.0'E Poti Port 41º39'15.6'N Paliastomi Lake 041º37'44.8'E (Agrarian University 41º41'35.6'N Laboratory) 041º42'17.0'E

Gonio 41°33'29.34"N coastal Batumi 41°33'23.40"E Kobuleti Supsa 41°39'23.09"N coastal Poti 41°39'43.13"E (Fisheries and Black Sea 41°50'17.72"N coastal Monitoring Centre/NEA) 41°46'4.21"E 42° 0'32.17"N coastal

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LBS Name Code of station (if any) Coordinates Type of stations 41°44'25.57"E 42° 8'39.65"N coastal 41°38'23.16"E

Table 31. LBS-related monitoring in Georgia (parameters, frequency, methods)

Media Parameter Analytical method Frequency of sampling (monthly/annually) Sewage Smell, transparency, color 1/4 (Ltd. Laboratory Floating particles Method of filtration 1/4 Research Centre, pH PH-meter method 1/4 Poti) Dissolved oxygen Titration method 1/4 BOD5 Titration method 1/4 Ammonia Photocolorimetric 1/4 method Nitrates Photocolorimetric 1/4 method Acidity - alkalinity Titration method 1/4 Hydrogen sulphide Titration method 1/4 Sewage water Chloride Titration method 1/4 (Ltd. Laboratory Enterococci Filtration method 1/4 Research Centre, Total coliforms Filtration method 1/4 Poti) Faecal coliforms Filtration method 1/4

Temperature 1 per month / 12 per year Transparency EPA 2130)1998 1 per month / 12 per year River water Total Suspended Solids SFS-EN 872 1 per month / 12 per year pH EL. metrical 1 per month / 12 per year (Ltd. Laboratory Dissolved Oxygen (EPA 2540)1998 1 per month / 12 per year Research Centre, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) ISO 5815 1 per month / 12 per year Poti) Nitrite Nitrogen ISO 10304-1 :2007 1 per month / 12 per year Nitrate Nitrogen ISO 10304-1 :2007 1 per month / 12 per year Ammonium Nitrogen ISO 7150-1 1 per month / 12 per year Orthophosphate ISO 10304-1 :2007 1 per month / 12 per year Sulphate EMEP 1 per month / 12 per year Chloride EMEP 1 per month / 12 per year Potassium ISO 9964 1 per month / 12 per year Sodium ISO 9964 1 per month / 12 per year Calcium ISO 7980 1 per month / 12 per year Magnesium ISO 7980 1 per month / 12 per year EPA2520-1998 1 per month / 12 per year Conductivity ISO 788-1985 Salinity EPA2520-1998 d 1 per month / 12 per year River water Iron ISO 6332 1 per month / 12 per year (National ISO 8288 1 per month / 12 per year Environmental Zn, Cu, Pb, Co, Ni, Mn Agency) Suspended matter ISO 11923 Quarterly Sea coastal Total petroleum hydrocarbons TNCC method 1006, US Quarterly waters EPA Method 418.1 (Corporation “Poti Biological oxygen demand( BOD5) ISO 5815 Quarterly Seaport”) Dissolved oxygen ISO 5814, Quarterly ISO 5813 Bathing Water Total bacterial count Pore plate method Four times a year (APHA 1998) (Agrarian Total coliforms Membrane filtration Four times a year

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Media Parameter Analytical method Frequency of sampling (monthly/annually) University (APHA 1998) laboratory) Total enterococci Membrane filtration Four times a year (APHA 1998) Sea coastal Bacterioplankton 2-4 (Surface) waters Phytoplankton 2-4 (0 m, 20 m) (National Zooplankton 2-4 (0-5m; 0-20m) Environmental Zoobenthos 2-4 (10m, 20m) Agency, Fisheries and the Black Sea Monitoring Center)

Among pollutants, regularly observed are only:

. Trace metals: Zinc, Copper . Organic micropollutants: hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides . Other metals: iron, manganese

a. Municipal sources

Major municipal sources of pollution are the large cities along the coast of GE.

Table 32. Municipal Sources of Georgia identified as Hot Spots

No Name of the Municipal Sources Reported 1 Kutaisi WWTP 2 Poti WWTP 3 Zugdidi WWTP 4 Batumi WWTP

Note: This list is based on the official GE reporting to the BSC on HSs and is incomplete (see the HBS Project on Update of the HSs Lists, http://bs-hotspots.eu/Deliverables).

Municipal sources discharges, being mostly untreated or insufficiently treated, are the cause of pollution and eutrophication of the GE coastal zone, especially around large cities. There are wetlands and lakes connected to the Black Sea, which also suffer eutrophication. Among the most vivid examples is the Paliastomi Lake which is located in the Kolkheti National Park. The latter is mostly under the pressure of diffuse sources of pollution related to agricultural activities.

b. Industrial sources

GE industrial sources of pollution are associated with Ports, Oil terminals, and metals processing industries.

Table 33. Industrial Sources of Georgia identified as Hot Spots

No Name of the Industrial Sources Reported 1 Chiatura manganese

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No Name of the Industrial Sources Reported 2 Zestafoni, metallurgy Note: GE planned to include in its HSs List of municipal and industrial point sources the Batumi Oil terminal, the Kobuleti WWTP, Poti and Batumi harbours, Supsa and Khobi. So far, this has not taken place as reported to the BSC.

c. Rivers

In GE, hydrological observations started in 1930s, and in the 1950s the monitoring was already regular. In the 1960s, practically all major and medium size rivers were covered by stations. In 1980s the number of stations and monitored parameters reached their maximum – 170 stations and 56 parameters, including hydrological, physical, chemical and hydrobiological, were monitored at 72 rivers. The GE system at that time was an integral part of the larger Soviet System of water monitoring (the so called Hydromet system). The GE monitoring system started deteriorating in the 1990s with the collapse of the Soviet Union and economic recession of GE. The monitoring network drastically shrank, stations were closed down and the capacities to undertake water quality analysis significantly reduced.

In GE, presently, the monitoring is carried out at 43 locations of 22 rivers (belonging to the Black Sea and Caspian Basins) and 1 location in Paliastomi Lake. The rivers of the Black Sea basin form a dense network, the largest one is Rioni. The sampling frequency is once per month, covering 33 different parameters.

Figure 13. Rivers monitoring network of Georgia (Source: NEA, department of Hydrometeorology), (Legend – blue triangles – planned automated stations (posts), empty triangle – closed stations; red triangles - .working stations at present)

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d. Ambient environment (to trace the impacts of LBS/HotSpots-related pressures)

Table 34. Ambient monitoring in Georgia

Types of Is the Geographic Time period Frequency of Number of Number of monitoring monitoring al scope (years from- sampling per stations per parameters per regular? to) year b year (from- sampling (Yes/No) (from-to to)30 campaign (from-to Surface water: No Poti beach 2007-2013 Every year; 4-5 12-14 bathing water (from 01.06-to quality, Laboratory 01.10) once a Research Centre year

Marine Water yes Ajara Since 2008 Every year, 8 Stations 6 Monitoring Coastal planned 90 test per (Division of Zone according the year Environmental schedule Protection and Natural Resources of Government of Ajara Autonomy Republic)

Monitoring of yeas Ajara since 2008 Every year 170 tests 8 surface waters administrati (Division of ve territory Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of government of Ajara Autonomy Republic) Surveillance Yes Georgia From 1970 up 12 44 25-30 monitoring territory to date Environmental Agency Biodiversity yes East Black Since 2000 7 along the Three monitoring Sea coast Kolkheti Black parameters: (NGO "Chaobi") line sea coast line 1.habitat 2. relict and endemic plant species 3.vulnerable habitat www.wetlands international.org www.Ramsar.or g www.iucn.org

30For Rivers count only those stations which are used to calculate loads of rivers directly stemming to the Black Sea. Formunicipal and industrial sources please count those stations which are used to calculate discharges/emissions of direct or indirect proven and expected impact on the Black Sea no matter how far from the coast is the source. Accordingly, a primary (direct) and secondary (indirect) sources of contamination would qualify for consideration, if pollution is transported to the Black Sea finally. In some cases, secondary sources could be located at a distance more than 100 km inland from the sea.

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Habitat monitoring yes Kolkheti Since 2000 Per year 7 one NGO ("Chaobi") coast line Sea water quality Yes Port water Quarterly 4 12 4 (Poti port laboratory) Atmospheric air Yes Monthly 12 36 3 quality (Poti port laboratory) Soil Pollution Yes Quarterly 4 12 2 monitoring (Poti port laboratory) Noise monitoring Yes Quarterly 4 12 1 (Poti port) Ambient monitoring No the From 2006 to 1-2 per year 2-3 (Fisheries and Georgian 2013 Black Sea Black Sea Monitoring Centre) coastline Water quality No Georgian 2013 Seasonal 24 1)Total bacterial (Agrarian coastal count; University) zone of the 2)Total Black Sea coliforms; 3) Total enterococci; 4) pH; 5) Temp Environmental No The Black From 2006 From 2 to 4 From 3 to 5 From 10 to12 complex Sea To 2013 monitoring(Fisherie Georgian s and Black Sea Coastal Monitoring Centre) zone: from Gonio to Poti

The stations covered in GE coastal waters are presented in the Figure below:

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Figure 14. Map of stations observed in GE coastal waters

The bathing water monitoring was commenced in 2009, it includes microbiological (total coliforms, Escherichia coli, faecal streptococcus) in addition to a suite of physico-chemical parameters.

Conclusions, gaps:

In Georgia, the monitoring of LBSs and ambient environment is poorly specified in the country’s legal and policy documents. There is no specific national monitoring programme, which would be integrated, complex and regularly implemented. Major impediments lay also in the lack of sufficient funding, poor capacity building, and outdated equipment. There is a need to harmonise the monitoring with the rest of the countries in the region, especially with BG and RO. The frequency of observations is low, as well as the geographical coverage. Modern methods are hardly applied, except in some of the private laboratories, such as GAMMA.

ROMANIA

Predominant pressures, influencing the ecological state of Romanian BS marine waters, are monitored in accordance with the WFD.

The main human activities along the Romanian coast are: oil industry, oil refineries, agriculture and food industry, ports and navigation, enlargement and modernization of touristic ports, tourism and recreation, buildings/vacation facilities, marine fisheries, etc.

As a result of the pressures exerted by the various human activities, the Romanian coast suffers habitat destruction, coastal erosion, water pollution and natural resources decrease. Also, urban and tourism

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developments create additional pressures on the Black Sea environment, considering that during summers the population residing along the BS coast doubles. The latter results in increase of water usage, of vehicles traffic, and also the noise pollution and discharge of pollutants into the Black Sea substantially increase. Local pressures generating organic substances/pollutants are concentrated mainly in the south parts of the RO Black Sea coast. The latter are areas being more developed from urban and industrial point of view.

Figure 15. Main usage of Romanian coastal waters

Reference: http://www.mmediu.ro/beta/stiri-si-anunturi/evaluarea-initiala-a-mediului-marin-2/.

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Monitoring of water status in Romania is based on the monitoring programs established in conformity to Article 8 (1.2) of the Water Framework Directive. Monitoring is carried out by the National Administration "Romanian Waters" within its territorial units.

Monitoring programs of surface waters include:

• surveillance program; • operational program; • research program (investigative monitoring).

The operational monitoring programs are aimed at tracing the state of water bodies at risk.

Groundwater monitoring programs include:

• Quantitative monitoring program; • Quality monitoring program (surveillance and operational).

For some water bodies in the Danube Delta, monitoring is implemented by the National Institute for Research and Development "Danube Delta", Tulcea, and for coastal water bodies the monitoring is conducted by the Dobrogea Seaside Water Directorate and by the NIMRD-Constanta (National Institute for Marine Research and Development "Grigore Antipa").

Order no. 31/2006 approved the Manual for the development and modernization of the Romanian waters integrated monitoring system (SMIAR).

The bathing waters of the Romanian coast are monitored by the County Public Health Directorates in Constanta and Tulcea. In the situation that a risk is identified or a risk might appear the bathing waters to not have the quality required by the legal/policy documents (national or other level), the two RO Public Health Directorates and the RO Water Administration – Dobrogea Litoral are the responsible entities to recommend on measures.

Table 35. Monitoring specifications (Romania)

Type of Is the Geographical Time Frequency Number of Number of monitoring monitoring scope period of stations per parameters regular? (years sampling year (from-to)31 per (Yes/No) from-to) per year sampling (from-to) campaign (from-to) Water quality Yes Channels: Starting with Permanent 4 micro Danube – 2008-2014 bilogical Black Sea until HG parameters and Poarta 459/2002 is 6 physico- Alba – Midia applicable chemical Navodari parameters Surveillance Yes Channels: anual Permanent Sea Water :7 Danube – chemical,4

31 For Rivers count only those stations which are used to calculate loads of rivers directly stemming to the Black Sea. For municipal and industrial sources count those stations which are used to calculate discharges/emissions of direct or indirect proven and expected impact on the Black Sea no matter how far from the coast is the source. Accordingly, a primary (direct) and secondary (indirect) sources of contamination would qualify for consideration, if pollution is transported to the Black Sea finally. In some cases, secondary sources could be located at a distance more than 100 km inland from the sea.

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Type of Is the Geographical Time Frequency Number of Number of monitoring monitoring scope period of stations per parameters regular? (years sampling year (from-to)31 per (Yes/No) from-to) per year sampling (from-to) campaign (from-to) Black Sea bacterilogical and Poarta Sand : 7 Alba – Midia bacterilogical Navodari Public Yes Evacuation of Permanent Permanent 4 4 - 24 purified waste waters into Black Sea Water quality Yes (on yearly 48 monitoring summer) Permanent 13 and surveillance Monitoring Yes 2008 – 4 public bath program 2014 until spots Permanent HG 459/2002 is applying

Table 36. List of parameters with frequency of observations (Romania)

Media Parameter Analytical Frequency of sampling per Method32 month/per year

Sea water temperature Sea water pH Sea water conductivity Sea water Alkalinity Sea water salinity Sea water TDS Sea water chloride Sea water Ammonia Sea water calcium Sea water Iron Sea water Clark degree Sea water COD-Cr Sea water Oxygen Waste waters pH SR ISO 10523/09 Daily Waste waters Suspensions STAS 6953-81 Daily Waste waters BOD5 SR EN 1899-1:2003 Daily Waste waters CCO-Cr SR ISO 6060:1996 Daily Waste waters Ammonia SR ISO 7150-1:2001 Weekly Waste waters Total Nitrogen STAS 7312-83 Weekly Waste waters NO4 SR ISO 7890-1:1998 Weekly Waste waters NO3 SR ISO 26777:2002 Weekly

32 Name of the method and Reference.

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Media Parameter Analytical Frequency of sampling per Method32 month/per year

Waste waters Organic solvents SR 7587:1996 Weekly extracts Waste waters Total P SR EN ISO 6878:2005 Weekly Waste waters Synthetic SR EN 903:2003 Weekly detergent Waste waters Filtered STAS 9187-84 Weekly Waste waters Phenols SR ISO 6439:2001 trimestral Waste waters Petroleum SR 7877 – 2/1995 trimestral products Waste waters Sulphurs and SR 7510:1997 trimestral H2S Waste waters So3 STAS 8601-70 trimestral Waste waters Cyanides SR ISO 6703-1:1998 trimestral Waste waters Pb SR EN ISO 15586:2004 trimestral Waste waters Cd SR EN ISO 15586:2004 trimestral Waste waters Cr SR EN ISO 15586:2004 trimestral Waste waters Ni SR EN ISO 15586:2004 trimestral Waste waters Zn SR EN ISO 15586:2004 trimestral Waste waters Fe SR EN ISO 15586:2004 trimestral Waste waters pH SR ISO 10523/09 Daily Waste waters Suspensions STAS 6953-81 Daily Waste waters BOD5 SR EN 1899-1:2003 Daily Waste waters CCO-Cr SR ISO 6060:1996 Daily Waste waters Ammonia SR ISO 7150-1:2001 Weekly Waste waters Total Nitrogen STAS 7312-83 Weekly Waste waters NO4+ SR ISO 7890-1:1998 Weekly Waste waters NO3+ SR ISO 26777:2002 Weekly Waste waters Organic solvents SR 7587:1996 Weekly extracts Waste waters Total P SR EN ISO 6878:2005 Weekly Waste waters Synthetic SR EN 903:2003 Weekly detergent Waste waters Filtered STAS 9187-84 Weekly Waste waters Phenols SR ISO 6439:2001 trimestral Waste waters Petroleum trimestral products SR 7877 – 2/1995 Waste waters Sulphurs and SR 7510:1997 trimestral H2S Waste waters So3 STAS 8601-70 trimestral Waste waters Cyanides SR ISO 6703-1/98 trimestral Waste waters Pb SR EN ISO 15586:2004 trimestral Waste waters Cd SR EN ISO 15586:2004 trimestral Waste waters Cr SR EN ISO 15586:2004 trimestral Waste waters Ni SR EN ISO 15586:2004 trimestral Waste waters Zn SR EN ISO 15586:2004 trimestral Waste waters Fe SR EN ISO 15586:2004 trimestral Waste waters pH SR ISO 10523:2009 Weekly Waste waters Suspensions STAS 6953-81 Weekly Waste waters BOD5 SR EN 1899-1:2003 Weekly

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Media Parameter Analytical Frequency of sampling per Method32 month/per year

Waste waters CCO-Cr SR ISO 6060:1996 Weekly Waste waters Ammonia STAS 7312-83 Weekly Waste waters Total Nitrogen SR ISO 7150-1:2001 Weekly Waste waters NO4+ SR ISO 7890-1:1998 Weekly Waste waters NO3+ SR ISO 26777:2002 Weekly Waste waters SO3 STAS 8601-70 trimestral Waste waters Sulphurs and SR 7510:1997 H2S trimestral Waste waters Phenols SR ISO 6439:2001 trimestral Waste waters Organic solvents SR 7587:1996 Weekly extracts Waste waters Petroleum trimestral products SR 7877 – 2/1995 Waste waters Total P SR EN ISO 6878:2005 Weekly Waste waters Synthetic SR EN 903:2003 Weekly detergent Waste waters Cyanides SR ISO 6703-1:1998 trimestral Waste waters Filtered residue STAS 9187-84 Weekly Waste waters Pb SR EN ISO 15586:2004 trimestral Waste waters Cd SR EN ISO 15586:2004 trimestral Waste waters Cr SR EN ISO 15586:2004 trimestral Waste waters Ni SR EN ISO 15586:2004 trimestral Waste waters Fe SR EN ISO 15586:2004 trimestral Waste waters Zn SR EN ISO 15586:2004 trimestral Waste waters Cu SR EN ISO 15586:2004 trimestral Waste waters pH SR ISO 10523:2009 Each 2 weeks Waste waters Suspensions STAS 6953-81 Each 2 weeks Waste waters BOD5 SR EN 1899-1:2003 Each 2 weeks Waste waters CCO-Cr SR ISO 6060:1996 Each 2 weeks Waste waters Ammonia SR ISO 7150-1:2001 Each 2 weeks Waste waters NO4 SR ISO 26777:2002 Each 2 weeks Waste waters Organic solvents SR 7587:1996 Each 2 weeks extracts Waste waters Total P SR EN ISO 6878:2005 Each 2 weeks Waste waters Synthetic SR EN 903:2003 Each 2 weeks detergent Waste waters Filtered residue STAS 9187-84 Each 2 weeks Waste waters Sulphurs and SR 7510:1997 H2S trimestral Waste waters SO3 STAS 8601-70 trimestral Waste waters Petroleum products SR 7877 – 2/1995 trimestral Waste waters Cyanides SR ISO 6703-1:1998 trimestral Waste waters Phenols SR ISO 6439:2001 trimestral Waste waters Cu SR EN ISO 15586:2004 trimestral Waste waters Cd SR EN ISO 15586:2004 trimestral Waste waters Cr SR EN ISO 15586:2004 trimestral Waste waters Ni SR EN ISO 15586:2004 trimestral Waste waters Zn SR EN ISO 15586:2004 trimestral

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Media Parameter Analytical Frequency of sampling per Method32 month/per year

Waste waters Pb SR EN ISO 15586:2004 trimestral Waste waters Fe SR EN ISO 15586:2004 trimestral Sea water Coli form bacteria Membrane filtering Each 2 weeks Sea water Escherichia coli Membrane filtering Each 2 weeks Sea water Intestinal Membrane filtering Each 2 weeks parasites Sea water Salmonella sp. Detection Each 2 weeks Sea water Electrometrical Each 2 weeks pH SR EN ISO 10523:2012 Sea water Volumetrically Each 2 weeks Dissolved oxygen SR EN 25813:2000 Sea water Volumetrically Each 2 weeks BOD5 SR EN 1899-2:2002 Sea water Spectrophotometer method Each 2 weeks Phenol SR ISO 6439:2001 Sea water tension active Spectrophotometer method Each 2 weeks substances SR EN 903:2003 Sea water Gravimetrically Each 2 weeks Solvent extracts SR 7587-1996; pct 3 Sea water Saturation SR EN 25813:2000 ,pct.9 Each 2 weeks

a. Municipal sources

The main issues that affect water quality are: inappropriate waste water treatment, inadequate control of industrial waste waters discharge, losing and/or destruction of receiving water bodies, inappropriate settlement of industrial objectives, stubbing, uncontrolled modification of agricultural crops and environmentally non-friendly agricultural practices. The latter generates pesticides and organic substances leaking.

In Constanta, there are 11 waste water plants under the control of: SC RAJA SA: Constanţa Sud, Constanţa Nord, Mangalia, Poarta Albă, Ovidiu, Limanu, Negru Vodă, Mihail Kogălniceanu, Medgidia, Cernavodă, Eforie Sud. Eforie Sud water plant has been modernized in 2013 under the Environment Sectorial Operational Program.

For the Romanian coast of the Black Sea, except for the natural variability, there were generally observed two important sources of nutrients- Danube River and Constanta South WWTP. Influence of Constanta South WWTP is found in surrounding coastal waters where concentration of ammonia occasionally exceeds the permissible limit.

Tulcea city does not have a waste water plant, but Babadag, Isaccea, Jurilovca and Baia have. However, the Isaccea waste water plant is not functional. Treated waste waters come from populated areas but also from industrial plants which are connected to the sewage or the waste waters are transported via roads using specialized vehicles. Main WWTPs in Romania are listed in the Table below:

Table 37. Major WWTPs in Romania

LBS name Code of station Coordinates Type of station (if any) Constanta Nord WWTP N/A Latitude: 44º12`53” municipal

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LBS name Code of station Coordinates Type of station (if any) Longitude: 28 º38`29” Constanta Sud WWTP N/A Latitude: 44 º08`09” municipal Longitude:28º37`56 Eforie WWTP N/A Latitude: 44 º 01`19” municipal Longitude:28º38.27 Mangalia WWTP N/A Latitude: 43º48`20” municipal Longitude:28º34`45”

In the figure below the waste water plants of the RO BS Basin are presented.

Figure 16. WWTPs in the coastal area of Romania

The table below presents the situation regarding waste water disposal in Constanta in 2012.

Table 38. Wastewater discharges in Romania as per 2012

No Activity type which produces waste Volume Percentage of pollutants load waters 1000 mc/year % WWTP Constanta Sud 1. Food industry 348,635 1,09

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No Activity type which produces waste Volume Percentage of pollutants load waters 1000 mc/year % 2. Transport industry 15,828 0,05

3.. Chemical and oil industry 166,525 0,52

4. Electric energy production and distribution 584,634 1,83

5. Constructions 99,205 0,31

6. Other industrial activities 3.893,011 12,17

7. Other activities (commerce, transport, hotels 1.284,090 4,01 schools, hospitals, institutions) 8. Domestic activities 25.592,223 80,02 Total 31.984,15 100 WWTP Constanta Nord 1. Other activities (commerce, transport, hotels 409,712 1,84 schools, hospitals, institutions) 2. Domestic waste waters 21.956,566 98,16 Total 22.366,278 100 WWTP Mangalia 1. Textile industry 5,385 0,1 2. Chemical and oil industry (gas stations) 1,635 0,03 3. Constructions 37,162 0,73 4. Domestic activities 4.203,348 84 5. Other activities (commerce, transport, hotels 762,902 15,14 schools, hospitals, institutions) Total 5.010,432 100 WWTP Eforie Sud 1. Food industry 151,116 6,89 2. Other industrial activities 3,260 0,15 3. Domestic activities 1.923,706 87,8 4. Other activities (commerce, transport, hotels 112,746 5,16 schools, hospitals, institutions) Total 2.190,828 100 SE Ovidiu 1. Industrial activities 7,851 1,26 2. Domestic activities 614,631 98,74 Total 622,482 100 Harsova Sewerage 1. Industrial activities 7,236 4,5 2. Domestic activities 154,624 95,5 Total 161,86 100 WWTP Cernavoda 1. Electric energy production and distribution 163,751 11,5 2. Industrial activities 0,344 0,04 3. Domestic activities 1.229,573 86,4 4. Other activities (commerce, transport, hotels 29,308 2,06 schools, hospitals, institutions) Total 1.422,976 100 WWTP Mihail Kogalniceanu 1. Food industry 52,213 14,10 2. Transport industry 8,945 2,42 3. Domestic activities 271,340 73,22 4. Other activities (commerce, transport, hotels 38,044 10,26 schools, hospitals, institutions) Total 370,542 100 WWTP Medgidia 1. Food industry 7,325 0,58 2. Constructions 61,250 4,86 3. Domestic activities 1.054,430 84

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No Activity type which produces waste Volume Percentage of pollutants load waters 1000 mc/year % 4. Other activities (commerce, transport, hotels 132,78 10,56 schools, hospitals, institutions) Total 1.255,785 100 WWTP Poarta Alba 1. Food industry 101,431 8,64 2. Industrial activities 1,002 0,09 3. Domestic activities 971,307 82,74 4. Other activities (commerce, transport, hotels 100,107 8,53 schools, hospitals, institutions) Total 1.173,847 100 Sewerage system Cobadin 1. Domestic activities 14,231 100 Total 14,231 100 WWTP Nehru Voda 1. Domestic activities 41,638 100 Total 41,638 100 Sewerage system Baneasa 1. Domestic activities 24,851 100 Total 24,851 100 WWTP Limanu 1. Industrial activities 32,526 100 Total 32,526 100

Collection and treatment of waste water levels within the BS basin area in 2012 are presented in the Table below.

Table 39. State of the wastewater treatment in Romania as per 2012

Waste water treatment Level of treatment Settlement Collection level plant WWTP Constanta Sud 99,77 % Cumpana 12 % Constanta 86 %

WWTP Constanta Nord 99,96 % WWTP Mangalia 100 % Mangalia 94% WWTP Eforie Sud 100 % Eforie Nord 83 %

Eforie Sud Agigea 4,4 % Tuzla 25 % Techirghiol 37% Costinesti + Schitu 80,9 % WWTP Ovidiu 90,34 % Ovidiu 89 % WWTP Negru Voda 100 % Negru Voda 14,17 % WWTP Medgidia 100 % Medgidia 74% WWTP Cernavoda 100 % Cernavoda 81 % WWTP M Kogalniceanu 100 % M. Kogalniceanu 27 % WWTP Poarta Alba 100 % Poarta Alba 16 % Murfatlar 45,5 %

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Waste water treatment Level of treatment Settlement Collection level plant Valu Traian 1,47 % - - Baneasa 3,48% - - Harsova 51% - - Cobadin 7,8 %

The structure of the waste waters discharged in the Danube basin and into the Black Sea is presented in the table below.

Table 40. Structure of the wastewaters discharged in RO (as related to the Black Sea)

Activity in national Total volume Sufficiently Insufficiently Untreated Do not economy of released treated treated waste water need waters (mil. volume(mil. volume (mil. volume treatment cm) cm) cm) (mil. cm) (mil.cm) B.H. DUNARE Food industry 0, 0484 - 0,0484 Thermal and electric energy 2159,202 2159,202 Water supply 1,61 0,00048 1,422 0,186 Constructions 0,00602 0,00602 Commerce and social 0,00039 0,00039 services B.H. LITORAL Food industry 0,03623 0,01842 0,01781 - - Chemistry 5,915 5,915 Metal and vehicle 0,02315 0,02315 manufacturing industry Thermal and electric energy 183,666 0,643 183,023 Stored and treated water for 66,189 18,174 48,015 food industry Extractive industry 0,017 0,017 Schools and health 0,108 0.0056 0,103 Other activities 0,00292 0,00285 0.00007 Constructions 0,653 0.652 0.0004 Transport 0.0794 0.0794

The table below presents the polluting substances and pollution indicators for waste waters.

Table 41. Specific pollutants (as approved in the legislation/policy of RO)

Pollution source Activity field Receiver Treated waste Specific pollutants water volume in 2012 (mii. cm) WWTP Constanţa Waste water Black Sea 31.910,891 -

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Pollution source Activity field Receiver Treated waste Specific pollutants water volume in 2012 (mii. cm) Sud treatment WWTP Constanţa Waste water Black Sea 22.366,278 total P Nord treatment WWTP Mangalia Waste water Black Sea 5.010,432 BOD5, CCO-Cr, treatment ammonia, detergent.

WWTP Eforie Sud Waste water Black Sea 2.190,828 BOD5, MSS, treatment ammonia, WWTP Ovidiu Waste water Black Sea 562,377 Total P, SET, treatment detergent, WWTP M. Waste water Agi Cabul River 370,542 MSS, CCO-Cr Kogălniceanu treatment ammonia, SET total P, detergent WWTP Limanu Waste water Mangalia Lake 32,526 BOD5, ammonia, treatment CCO-Cr WWTP Poarta Albă Waste water DMN Channel 1.173,847 - treatment WWTP Negru Vodă Waste water Gâldău Lake 41,638 total P treatment WWTP Cernavoda Waste water Danube 1.422,976 NO3 treatment WWTP Medgidia Waste water DMN Channel 1.255,785 MSS, ammonia, total treatment P

b. Industrial sources

The local economy (Constanta and Tulcea counties) has the following activities:

Agriculture Besides cereals on the agricultural fields, grapes, vegetables technical and fodder plants are grown. Animal field is composed by castles, pigs, sheep and different birds and also bees. An important resource is represented by some well-known wineries, this area being the richest wine producing in Romania. There is also a high potential for fisheries and aquaculture mainly in the Danube Delta.

Industry The industry is mainly based on modern technologies. The most developed industries are:

 Machinery, mainly naval constructions. The largest plants are: naval plant in Constanta, Mangalia, Tulcea and Midia-Navodari which constructs both ships for sea and rivers. Also, STX Europe is specialized in ships and floating structures.

 Food industry – is an important field represented in all its domains:

. crushing mill and bread industry (SC DOBROGEA SA) ; . wine and alcohol (SC FRUVIMED SA Medgidia); . milk and milk based products (LACTO BĂNEASA SRL, MUNTINA PROD, ELDA MEC SRL); . oil (SC ARGUS SA); . tins and natural juices;

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. meat and meat products (SC GEPETO SA, AVICOLA Lumina, TABCO – CAMPOFRIO S.A.; S.C. CARNIPROD S.A.); . fish and meat cans.

 Chemical and petroleum industry handles 4 million tons of petrol per year, producing various products. The most important plants are: SC Rompetrol Bucharest – Petromidia, SC Feral SA.  Construction materials industry produces: concrete, composites, polyesters, adhesives, paints. The most important plants are: SC LAFARGE ROMCIM Medgidia SA, SC CELCO SA, TEMPO INVEST SRL, GENERAL CONCRETE SRL.  Light industry assures textiles and other fabrics that are mainly exported to the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, France, Great Britain, etc.  Energy industry is represented by 3 main plants with a total installed power of 407 MW and nuclear power plant in Cernavoda, designed for 5 nuclear reactors with a total installed power of 3500 MW. The first two working reactors assure almost 20% of the national needs with a total power of 1400 MW.  Metal industry: aluminium – SC ALUM SA.

The table below presents the specific pollutants of the main pollution sources.

Table 42. Pollution specified as per the causing industry (Romania)

Pollution source Activity field Receiver Treated Specific pollutants Treatment waste water degree volume in 2012

(mln m3/year)

S.N.N. Electric and Danube 2159,202 pH, Temp, MTS, BOD5, COD-Cr, Do not CNE Prod thermal energy Ntot, Ptot, NO2, NO3, NH4, residue necessitate C.D.M.N. 183,023 fix, Cl-, SO4, Ca, Mg, Fe, prod treatment petr.H2S, hidrazine Rompetrol Rafinare Chemistry Black Sea 5,915 pH, MTS, BOD5, COD-Cr, Ntot, Ptot, Adequate NO2, NO3, NH4, Residue fix, SO4, CN, Deterg, SET, Prod petr.,H2S, Fe, Mn, Al, Cd, Cr tot, Ni, Pb, Hg CN APM Constanta Transport Black Sea 0,3 pH, MTS, BOD5, COD-Cr, Ntot, Ptot, Adequate NO2, NO3, NH4, Residue fix, phenols, Deterg, SET, Prod petr, H2S+Sulfuri, Pb RAJA WWTP Common CDMN 1,173 pH, MTS, BOD5, COD-Cr, Ntot, Ptot, Inadequate Poarta Alba management NO2, NO3, NH4, Residue fix, Cl- SO4, CN, phenols, Deterg, SET, Prod petr.Sulfuri, Cd, Cr tot, Ni, Pb. RAJA WWTP Common Black Sea 32,686 pH, MTS, BOD5, COD-Cr, Ntot, Ptot, Inadequate Constanta Sud management NO2, NO3, NH4, Residue fix, Cl- SO4, CN, phenols, Deterg, SET, Prod petr.Sulfuri, Cd, Cr tot, Ni, Pb. RAJA WWTP RAJA Black Sea 22,366 pH, MTS, BOD5, COD-Cr, Ntot, Ptot, Adequate Constanta Nord SE Constanţa NO2, NO3, NH4, Residue fix, Nord SO4, CN, phenols, Deterg, SET, Prod petr Cd, Cr tot, Ni, Pb.

RAJA WWTP Eforie Common Black Sea 2,190 pH, MTS, BOD5, COD-Cr, Ntot, Ptot, Inadequate Sud management NO2, NO3, NH4, Residue fix, Cl- SO4, CN, phenols, Deterg, SET, Prod petr.Sulfuri, Cd, Cr tot, Ni, Pb.

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Pollution source Activity field Receiver Treated Specific pollutants Treatment waste water degree volume in 2012

(mln m3/year)

RAJA WWTP Common Black Sea 5,024 pH, MTS, BOD5, COD-Cr, Ntot, Ptot, Inadequate Mangalia management NO2, NO3, NH4, Residue fix, Cl- SO4, CN, phenols, Deterg, SET, Prod petr.Sulfuri, Cd, Cr tot, Ni, Pb. RAJA WWTP Common CDMN 1,569 pH, MTS, BOD5, COD-Cr, Ntot, Ptot, Inadequate Medgidia management NO2, NO3, NH4, Residue fix, Cl- SO4, CN, Deterg, SET, Prod petr.Sulfuri, Cd, Cr tot, Ni, Pb. RAJA WWTP Common Agi Cabul 0,37 pH, MTS, BOD5, COD-Cr, Ntot, Ptot, Inadequate M.Kogalniceanu management NO2, NO3, NH4, Residue fix, Cl- SO4, CN, phenols, Deterg, SET, Prod petr.Sulfuri, Cd, Cr tot, Ni, Pb. RAJA WWTP Common Ovidiu ash 0,644 pH, MTS, BOD5, COD-Cr, Ntot, Ptot, Inadequate Ovidiu management deposit NO2, NO3, NH4, Residue fix, Cl- SO4, CN, phenols, Deterg, SET, Prod petr.Sulfuri, Cd, Cr tot, Ni, Pb. RAJA WWTP Common Mangalia lake 0,0325 pH, MTS, BOD5, COD-Cr, Ntot, Ptot, Inadequate Limanu management NO2, NO3, NH4, Residue fix, Cl- SO4, CN, phenols, Deterg, SET, Prod petr.Sulfuri, Cd, Cr tot, Ni, Pb. RAJA WWTP Common Danube 1,423 pH, MTS, BOD5, COD-Cr, Ntot, Ptot, Adequate Cernavoda management NO2, NO3, NH4, Residue fix, Cl- SO4, CN, phenols, Deterg, SET, Prod petr.Sulfuri, Cd, Cr tot, Ni, Pb. RAJA WWTP Common Pacuraru pH, MTS, BOD5, COD-Cr, Ntot, Ptot, SE Mangalia Cobadin management valley NO2, NO3, NH4, Residue fix, Deterg, SET RAJA Constanta Common Danube 0,162 pH, MTS, BOD5, COD-Cr, Ntot, Ptot, There is no sector Harsova management NO2, NO3, NH4, Residue fix, Cl- treatment plant SO4, CN, phenols, Deterg, SET, Prod petr.Sulfuri, Cd, Cr tot, Ni, Pb. RAJA Constanta Common Piriu Chici 0,0248 pH, MTS, BOD5, COD-Cr, Ntot, Ptot, There is no evacuation Baneasa management NO2, NO3, NH4, Residue fix, Cl- treatment plant SO4, CN, phenols, Deterg, SET, Prod petr.Sulfuri, Cd, Cr tot, Ni, Pb. RAJA WWTP Negru Common Gildau lake 0,0416 pH, MTS, BOD5, COD-Cr, Ntot, Ptot, Inadequate Voda management NO2, NO3, NH4, Residue fix, Cl- SO4, CN, phenols, Deterg, SET, Prod petr.Sulfuri, Cd, Cr tot, Ni, Pb Sursal Saligny Metal industry CDMN 0,0232 pH, MTS, BOD5, COD-Cr, Ptot, Adequate and machinery Residue fix, Fe tot, CN, Deterg, SET, Prod petr.Sulfuri, Cd, Cr tot, Ni, Zn Etermed Medgidia concrete CDMN 0,0139 pH, MTS, Residue fix, Cl-,SO4,Fe, Adequate SET, Prod petr, Zn. Lafarge Romcim Cement CDMN 0,639 MTS, Ptot, Residue fix, Zn. Adequate

Spitalul de Schools and Techirghiol 0,0299 pH, MTS, BOD5, NH4, Deterg, SET Inadequate recuperare Eforie health lake Nord Sanatoriul Balnear Schools and Techirghiol 0,06979 pH, MTS, BOD5, NH4, Deterg, SET Inadequate si de Recuperare health lake Techirghiol U.M.02146 Drinkable water Mangalia lake 0,0397 pH, MTS, BOD5, COD-Cr, Ptot, NO2, Inadequate Mangalia NH4, Residue fix, Cl-,SO4, detergents

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Pollution source Activity field Receiver Treated Specific pollutants Treatment waste water degree volume in 2012

(mln m3/year)

U.M.01737 Drinkable water Techirghiol 0,0492 pH, MTS, BOD5, COD-Cr, Ntot, Ptot, Inadequate Topraisar lake NH4,Residue fix, Cl, Deterg.SET S.C.Geomarco Constructions Valea Seaca 0,00039 pH, MTS, Residue fix, SET, Prod petr. Adequate Construct S.RL. river Gepeto Impex SRL Food industry CPAMN 0,0362 pH, MTS, BOD5, COD-Cr, Ptot, Ntot, Inadequate NO2,NO3, NH4 S.C.Ostrovit SA Food industry Danube 0,01125 pH, MTS, BOD5, COD-Cr, Ptot, NO3, Inadequate Ostrov NH4, Residue fix, deterg.SET, H2S S.C.Argos Industrial Constructions Danube 0,000 pH,MTS, Residue fix, SET Do not work S.R.L. Cernavoda S.C.U.T. Midia Thermal and Black Sea 0,643 pH, MTS, NH4, Residue fix, Do not electric energy phenols,SET, Products necessitate petr.H2S+Sulfuri treatment S.C.Canopus Star Transport Black Sea 0,00155 pH, MTS, BOD5, COD-Cr, Ptot, NH4, Adequate S.R.L. Residue fix, deterg.SET, RTFC Depou Transport C.D.M.N. 0,000265 pH, MTS, Residue fix, Cloruri, Inadequate Medgidia Detergenti, SET, Produs petrolier Asocierea JV Constructions Danube 0,00602 pH, MTS, BOD5, COD-Cr, BOD5, Adequate Astaldi SPA MAX COD-Cr, Ptot, SET, deterg., Residue BOEGL fix. Somaco Construct Extractive Tasaul lake 0,001162 pH, MTS, oil products, Residue fix Adequate SRL Constanta industry OMV Petrom Comerce and Piriu Chici 0,000388 pH, MTS, BOD5, COD-Cr, NH4, Ntot, Inadequate Marketing srl other human NO3, NO2, Ptot, detergents, residue Baneasa services fix. SC Octogon Other activities Black Sea 0,0000699 pH, MTS, BOD5, COD-Cr, NH4, Ntot, Inadequate Gaz&Logistic SRL NO3, NO2, Ptot, SET, detergents

Reference: http://www.mmediu.ro/beta/stiri-si-anunturi/evaluarea-initiala-a-mediului-marin-2/.

Thus, at the Romanian coast, there were identified the following economic activities, users of marine environment, with direct or indirect influence on it:

Table 43. Economic activities with direct influence on the BS coastal/marine environment (Romania)

Pressure Economic activity Marine water usage Biological disruption Fishing Live resources capture fish/mollusks Damage of physical character (geological, Constructions Coast flood défense geomorphological and buildings point of Port operations view) Offshore structures operation Exploitation of petrol and natural gas Other distruptions Transport Naval transport Marine litter Tourism Tourism, bathing, tourism-related navigation Ports and maritime transport Noise pollution Nutrients and organic substances Urban settlements Industrial waste water/emissions Agriculture Settlement waste waters Nutrient discharges Dangerous substances pollution Industry Dangerous substances discharge

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c. Rivers

Besides discharged pollutants from land-based facilities, another way of pollutants transport and discharging is represented by the natural tributary rivers. In the Romanian Black Sea shore, there are few natural tributary rivers, the main pollutants transporter being the Danube with its 3 branches: Chilia, Sulina and Sfantu Gheorghe and also its two channels: Danube – Black Sea and Poarta Alba - Midia – Navodari.

Along the RO coast, the BS coastal waters quality depends on the quality of the Danube River having in mind that most of the pollutants stemming to the BS are carried out by the Danube River (99,53% nutrients, 99% Nitrogen, 91,83% Phosphorus – as estimated for Romania). The dominant direction of Black Sea currents favours the fast distribution of nutrients and hazardous substances along the Romanian coast.

Figure 17. Tributary rivers of the Romanian Black Sea coast

The RO coast is rich of natural lakes, lagoons, therapy lakes and recreation lakes (Techirghiol, Taşaul, Tatlageac, Mangalia, Oltina, Hazargic, Istria, Sinoe, Corbu, Nuntaşi, Siutghiol, Tăbăcarie). The hydrografic network is enriched by the Danube-Black Sea channel (64.2 km) and Poarta Alba-Midia-Navodari channel (27.5 km) and also irrigation channels from Carasu Valey.

For rivers the sections related to the surveillance monitoring program in the Danube River, Danube Delta and River Dobrogea Area are 33. In the operational program of monitoring (Water bodies at risk sensu the WFD) the number of sections is 26.

The investigation program is applied if necessary in order to complete the data regarding water quality, and new evaluation methods for impact determination to develop.

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d. Ambient environment (to trace the impacts of LBS/HotSpots-related pressures)

Ambient monitoring in Romania is governed by the obligations of the country to comply with the EC legislation/policy.

The monitoring programs (surveillance and operational) of tracing transitional and coastal waters quality in the Dobrogea region include 24 sections for transitional waters, and 84 for coastal waters.

The Figure below presents the monitoring network of surface waters in the Dobrogea catchment area.

Figure 18. The monitoring network of surface waters in the Dobrogea catchment area (Romania)

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Registers of protected areas made by the Water Basin Administrations, as well as their national synthesis conducted by the National Administration "Romanian Waters", updated with new data published in 2011-2012, include five categories of protected areas that are related to water resources.

In the Danube River, Danube Delta, Dobrogea River Area and coastal waters there have been identified and mapped the following categories of protected areas: protected areas for water abstraction for drinking water, areas for the protection of fish species, economically important, areas for the protection of habitats and species where the maintenance or improvement of water is an important issue, areas vulnerable to nitrate pollution from agricultural sources and bathing areas.

A very important aspect regarding the distribution of protected areas is that in Romania all territory has been identified as a sensitive area to pollution with nutrients (total nitrogen and total phosphorus), on identification criteria of Annex II to Directive 91/271 / EEC concerning urban wastewater treatment and according to the position paper concluded between Romania and the European Community on the environmental chapter.

Along the RO coast there are vulnerable areas and areas most threatened by pollution/eutrophication. They are demonstrated in Figure 19. In Figure 19 the vulnerability is mentioned in relation to nitrates pollution, however, the same areas are sensitive to any kind of pollution.

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Figure 19. Vulnerable areas to nitrates in the Dobrogea river area and the Danube Delta

Areas where commercial fishing takes place are the Danube Delta and Razim-Sinoe complex, and the Black Sea. Areas for the protection of habitats or species where the maintenance or improvement of water is an important issue include natural protected areas of international, Community, national and local interest.

Bathing areas have been identified, monitored and evaluated in terms of water quality in the catchment area Dobrogea - Seaside, and their list includes 49 bathing areas in the Black Sea. The current registry includes bathing water profiles established for the first time in 2011, based on the methodology recommended by the European Commission under the legislation in force.

As mentioned already, bathing water monitoring is under the responsibility of the Ministry of Health, and is implemented by its regional directorates. In Figure 20 the bathing areas along the Romanian Black Sea coast are presented.

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Figure 20. Bathing areas in Romania

TURKEY

The SINHA Project33, implemented by TUBITAK MRC in 2008-2010, had a paramount importance in the update/review of the Hot Spots (HS) and Sensitive Areas (SA) of the coasts of Turkey based on robust scientific

33 The full name of the Project was “Urban Wastewater Management Along Coastal Areas Of Turkey: Reidentification Of Hot Spots & Sensitive Areas, Determination Of Assimilation Capacities By Monitoring And Modelling And Development Of Sustainable Urban Wastewater Investment Plans”. The project took place under the coordination of MoEF and with the support of the TUBITAK Head Office. The project consortium included TUBITAK MRC Environment Institute (responsible for the project management), ODTU MSI and DEU MSTI.

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data collection and using appropriate evaluation methods. The Project had the following objectives: to determine the most feasible marine pollution monitoring network using best scientific approaches; to determine the risk of eutrophication and to develop coastal eutrophication models for priority areas from socio-economic point of view; to determine nutrient assimilation capacity and limiting nutrients (for coastal waters): to determine quality standards for nutrients for the study areas; to determine the optimum treatment technology for Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) sourced by domestic wastewaters (ensuring eutrophication risk management and compliance with the Urban Wastewater Treatment Regulation); to formulate options for decentralized wastewater management in areas of tourism and in the field of reuse of treated waste water for irrigation purposes.

In the SINHA Project, the list of hot spots along the Black Sea coastal areas of Turkey was updated by the end of 2009 using the “Draft Methodology for The Identification and Characterization of Environmental Hot Spots in The Black Sea Region (BSC, 2010)”. In this, results of scientific monitoring studies carried out in Turkey’s coastal waters were analysed and a pollution inventory of land based sources was prepared. To update the TR HSs List, data on population density, livestock breeding, agricultural activities, urban wastewater and solid waste management, etc. were collected and evaluated (Figure 21-25).

By the end of the SINHA Project, the updated draft list of hot spots along the BS coastal areas of Turkey was submitted to the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization. According to the results of SINHA, with the exception of Ereğli (Zonguldak) and Eti Bakır (industrial plant), all TR hot spots designated in the “Transboundary Diagnostic Analysis (1999)” have kept their hot spot characteristics. These hot spots are: Samsun (including Toros Tarım industrial plant), Bafra (Samsun), Zonguldak, Giresun, Ordu, and Trabzon. In addition to this list, new hot spots were proposed to the Ministry, namely, Çarşamba (Samsun), Suluova, Merzifon (Amasya), Turhal (Tokat), and Filyos River Basin (Figure 26).

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Figure 20. Urban Wastewater Treatment Plants Distribution along Black Sea Coastal Settlements of Turkey

Figure 22. Landfill Areas Distribution along Black Sea Coastal Settlements of Turkey

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Figure 23. Population Density Distribution along Black Sea Coastal Settlements of Turkey

Figure 24. Livestock Breeding Density Distribution along Black Sea Coastal Areas of Turkey

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Figure 25. Tourism Activity Intensities along Black Sea Coastal Areas of Turkey

Figure 26. Revised Draft Hot Spots of Turkey

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a. Municipal sources

In Turkey, the municipal wastewater treatment plants in the Black Sea coastal areas are very limited in number. According to the Urban Wastewater Treatment Regulation, existing treatment levels are not sufficient and also treatment is very problematic in operation. Furthermore, there are several coastal settlements which have no municipal treatment plant and need such to be constructed. Municipal wastewater monitoring studies are also very limited. There are only few main municipal wastewater outfall sources monitored, they are all hot spots. Information on the Municipal Wastewater Treatment Situation in the Black Sea settlements of Turkey is presented in Table 44.

Table 44. Municipal Wastewater Treatment Situation in Black Sea Settlements of Turkey

Municipal Treatment Operation Discharge Monitoring Activities City Town Level Date Area Samsun Ondokuzmayıs Secondary Treatment 2000 Black Sea Seasonally Samsun Terme Secondary Treatment 2001 River Seasonally Samsun Bafra Secondary Treatment n.a Black Sea

Marine Outfall with Trabzon Akçaabat 1995 Black Sea Primary Treatment Marine Outfall with Trabzon Araklı 1995 Black Sea Primary Treatment Marine Outfall with Seasonally Trabzon Trabzon 1995 Black Sea Primary Treatment Marine Outfall with Trabzon Yomra 2008 Black Sea Primary Treatment Marine Outfall with Seasonally Zonguldak Ereğli n.a Black Sea Primary Treatment Düzce Akçakoca Secondary Treatment n.a. Black Sea Marine Outfall with Seasonally Giresun Giresun 1988 Black Sea Primary Treatment Marine Outfall with Ordu Fatsa 2009 Black Sea Primary Treatment Marine Outfall with Rize Çayeli 1998 Black Sea Primary Treatment Marine Outfall with Rize Rize 1998 Black Sea Primary Treatment Marine Outfall with Trabzon Of 2009 Black Sea Primary Treatment Marine Outfall with Trabzon Vakfıkebir 2009 Black Sea Primary Treatment

Artvin Arhavi No Treatment

Artvin Hopa No Treatment

Giresun Bulancak No Treatment

Giresun Espiye No Treatment

Giresun Eynesil No Treatment

Giresun Görele No Treatment

Giresun Keşap No Treatment

Giresun Piraziz No Treatment

Giresun Tirebolu No Treatment

Kastamonu Abana No Treatment

Kastamonu Bozkurt No Treatment

Kastamonu Çatalzeytin No Treatment

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Municipal Treatment Operation Discharge Monitoring Activities City Town Level Date Area

Kastamonu Doğanyurt No Treatment

Kastamonu İnebolu No Treatment

Kastamonu Cide No Treatment Seasonally Ordu Ordu No Treatment

Ordu Perşembe No Treatment

Ordu Ünye No Treatment

Rize Ardeşen No Treatment

Rize Pazar No Treatment

Samsun Alaçam No Treatment

Samsun Canik No Treatment

Samsun Atakum No Treatment

Samsun İlkadım No Treatment

Samsun Tekkeköy No Treatment

Samsun Yakakent No Treatment

Sinop Dikmen No Treatment

Sinop Gerze No Treatment

Sinop Sinop No Treatment

Sinop Türkeli No Treatment

Trabzon Arsin No Treatment

Trabzon Beşikdüzü No Treatment

Trabzon Çarşıbaşı No Treatment

Trabzon Center No Treatment

Trabzon Sürmene No Treatment

Zonguldak Alaplı No Treatment Seasonally Zonguldak Zonguldak No Treatment

Bartın Amasra No Treatment

Bartın Kurucaşile No Treatment

Bartın Bartın No Treatment

b. Industrial sources

In Turkey, in the Black Sea Region, hazelnut, tea-plant factories, various food manufacturing, and fisheries are the main industries. Additionally, coal and fertilizer factories, and copper plants are the rare, but important industries developed. Details on industries and types of waste generated are presented in Table 45 (Bakan and Büyükgüngör, 2000).

Table 45. Main Industries and waste types in the Black Sea Region of Turkey (Bakan and Büyükgüngör, 2000)

Industry Type Characteristics of possible Location pollutants and wastes Food manufacturing (butchering of Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Giresun, Ordu, Samsun, Sinop, animals, dairy products, canned Chemical Oxygen Demand, Sakarya,Trabzon, Zonguldak fruits/vegetables/fish, grain and bread suspended, chemical and organic

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Industry Type Characteristics of possible Location pollutants and wastes products, sugar factories, etc.) materials, odors, pollutants from specific production types such as sugar Paper and paper products pH changes, colloidal and dissolved Giresun, Zonguldak manufacturing (paper pulp and paper) materials in high amounts, cellulose Manufacturing of non-metallic mineral Warmed up cooling water, suspended Ordu, Samsun, Trabzon products solid materials, inorganic salts (cement factories in particular) Manufacturing of wood and cork Organics used in paints and sealants Ordu, Sakarya products for wood products Non-ferrous metal industries Acids, metals, toxic, low volume Samsun, Trabzon mineral materials, in particular Manufacturing of industrial chemicals Acids, caustic mineral materials, Samsun, Sakarya (chemical fertilizers and pesticides, suspended solid materials, phenol and resins and plastics) formaldehyde Textile manufacturing Acids, paints, high BOD5, heat, and Samsun, Zonguldak suspended solids

Beverage industry High BOD5, suspended and Giresun, Ordu, Trabzon precipitable solid materials, oil and petroleum Tea plant factories Tea leaf wastes Rize, Artvin,Trabzon,Giresun Cigarettes Tobacco wastes Samsun,Sinop,Trabzon Coal mining SiO2, CaCO3, Al2O3, Co, Cd, Li in coal Zonguldak ash Hazelnut Suspended materials Trabzon, Ordu,Giresun

c. Rivers

The TR Black Sea is largely influenced by pollution stemming from national rivers. Important contributors to Black Sea pollution are the following TR rivers: Filyos, Kızılırmak and Yeşilırmak. Less studied rivers are Abdal, Mert, Kürtün, and Engiz, which in various projects were also found to be polluted. From Black Sea protection point of view, major concerns lay in the elevated levels of TR riverine nitrogen and phosphorus, trace metals (especially cadmium and lead), total organic carbon, pesticides and oil pollution. Riverine pollutants cause substantial Black Sea sediments and biota contamination.

For details on the TR rivers monitoring see: http://bs- hotspots.eu/Documents/Deliverables/Rivers%20Monitoring%20Report.pdf.

Further reading:

Akbal, F., Gürel, L., Bahadır, T., Güler, İ., Bakan, G., Büyükgüngör, H., (2011). Water and sediment quality assesment in the mid-Black Sea coast of Turkey using multivariate statistical techniques. Environmental Earth Sciences, Volume 64, Issue 5, pp. 1387-1395. Altas, L., Büyükgüngör, H., (2006), Heavy metal pollution in the Black Sea shore and offshore of Turkey. Environ Geol 52, pp. 469-476. Bakan, G., Arıman, S., (2004), Persistent organochlorine residues in sediments along the coast of mid-Black Sea region of Turkey. Marine Pollution Bulletin 48, pp. 1031-1039. Sur, H. İ., Yüksek A., Altıok H., Sur, M., Ünlü, S., Taş, S., Yılmaz, N., Demirel, N., (2010), Monitoring Black Sea Pollution Final Report Karadeniz kirlilik izleme projesi final raporu, İstanbul University, Marine Sciences and Administration Institute.

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Sur, M., Sur, H.İ., Apak, R., Erçağ, E., (2012). The pollution status of bottom surface sediments along the Turkish coast of the Black Sea. Turkish journal of fisheries and aquatic sciences 12, pp. 453-460. Topcuoğlu, S., Güven, K.C., Balkıs, N., Kırbaşoğlu, Ç., (2003), Heavy metal monitoring of marine algae from the Turkish Coast of the Black Sea, 1998-2000. Chemosphere 52, pp. 1683-1688.

d. Ambient environment (to trace the impacts of LBS/HotSpots-related pressures)

The TR studies carried out in the Black Sea are presented below.

Within the scope of the Black Sea Pollution Monitoring Project, carried out by the Istanbul University Marine Sciences and Administration Institute in 2004 - 2010, monitoring was carried out throughout the TR Black Sea at 70 stations, covering the area from İğneada to Hopa. 57 of these stations were on 19 transects - 1 mile (~20m depth), 3 miles (~50m depth), and 5 miles (~100m depth) off the TR BS coast. The rest of the stations were chosen to trace TR hot spots influence - in areas, where Kızılırmak, Yeşilırmak, Sakarya, and Filyos Rivers flow into the Black Sea, and around Trabzon, Samsun, Zonguldak, Giresun, Ordu, Bafra, and Ereğli domestic and/or industrial wastewater discharges into the sea. Many physical, chemical, and biological parameters were observed in sea water (dissolved oxygen, dissolved hydrogen sulphide, nutrients, trace metals (Al, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg), total petroleum hydrocarbons, detergents, suspended solids, total organic carbon, Chlorophyll-a, various physical parameters, etc.), in sediments (total petroleum hydrocarbons, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and total organic carbon, total organic nitrogen, metals, and granulometry), and in biota (metals, PAHs).

These studies were carried out twice a year in sea water, and once a year in sediments and biota (Sur, H. İ., et al, 2010). Monitoring stations location is presented in Figure 27.

Figure 27. Black Sea Pollution Monitoring Project Stations Map (Sur, H. İ., et al, 2010)

According to the project results, individual PAH levels in water were low - at the detection limit of 0.001 µg/L, however, the total PAH values were found to vary between 0.2 µg/L and 1.1 µg/L. Offshore Ereğli and Kastamonu (at stations 11 and 13), the concentrations of Fluoranthene were high. Between Ordu - Giresun and offshore Şile, the concentrations of Acenaphtene were found excessive. Among the BTEX group parameters, Benzene, Toluene, E-Benzene, and Xylene were less than 0.5 g/L, which was the lowest value measured throughout the whole Black Sea (in water by 2010). Pesticides in various amounts were registered in sediments. Total nitrogen and phosphate values were found in the range of 56-174 µg/L and 17-104 µg/L, respectively (in water). Maximum and minimum trace metal concentrations in sediments were: Cadmium: 1.04-0.03 (µg/g); Copper: 407.93-2.87 (µg/g); Lead: 79.78-2.51 (µg/g); Mercury: 286-0.47 (µg/g); Vanadium: 1215.81-10.82 (µg/g).

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Topçuoğlu S. et al. (2003) measured heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in micro-algae samples collected from the Black Sea (Şile and Sinop, in the period 1998-2000). They found the Sinop area more polluted than Şile, and in both areas decreasing tendency was reported for Cystoseira barbata contamination as compared to previous studies.

Bakan, G. and Arıman, S. (2004) observed the levels of organochlorine pesticides in Black Sea waters, sediments, and river discharges of the Central Black Sea coast. Yeşilırmak, Abdal, Mert, Kürtün, Engiz, and Kızılırmak Rivers were studied, as well as the area of Samsun (December 1998, April 1999, and April 2000) - total 14 stations. In Samsun, the stations were selected to encompass the pollution spots in the vicinity of Samsun City, including the port area, the industrial zone, domestic wastewater treatment plants, and rivers. The Samsun City’s direct discharges of untreated waste waters cause heavy pollution of the Black Sea. For instance, in the sediments sampled from the sea, the levels of Aldrin varied in the range of 19.3-87.3 ng/g and p-p’-DDT was in the range of 18.6-31.0) ng/g.

Altas, L. and Büyükgüngör H. (2006) carried out research on heavy metal pollution of open seas of Turkey and in Black Sea coastal waters. Samples were collected off the coast (500m away) and in open sea (5,555 nm from the land) – in front of Sinop, Samsun, and Ordu cities (Central Black Sea, between April-May 2000 and October 2001) (Table 46). Heavy metal concentrations determined in marine samples showed the Black Sea was exposed to serious pollution due to various activities. Yeşilırmak, Kızılırmak, and Sakarya Rivers trace metals were also rather high in amount.

Table 46. Selected sampling stations and their features (Altas and Büyükgüngör 2006)

No. Sampling Station Origin of the Wastes No. Sampling Station Origin of the Wastes 1 Sakarya River Domestic and 17 Samsun Sewage System Domestic industrial 2 Çark Stream Industrial 18 Mert River Domestic and industrial 3 Melen Stream Industrial 19 TÜGSAŞ Fertilizer Industry Inc. Industrial 4 Alaplı Stream Industrial 20 KBİ Copper Industry Industrial 5 Erdemir South Collector Industrial 21 Yeşilırmak River Domestic and industrial 6 Erdemir North Collector Industrial 22 Miliç Stream Domestic and industrial 7 Gülüç Stream Industrial 23 Civil Stream Industrial 8 Çatalağzı Stream Domestic and 24 Melet River Domestic and industrial industrial 9 Kozlu Stream Domestic and 25 Ordu Sewage System Domestic industrial 10 Zonguldak Stream Domestic 26 Giresun Sewage System Domestic 11 ÇATEŞ-B Ash Canal Industrial 27 Aksu Stream Domestic and industrial 12 Filyos Stream Domestic and 28 Fol Stream Domestic and industrial industrial 13 Bartın Stream Domestic and 29 Söğütlüdere Stream Domestic and industrial industrial 14 Sinop Sewage System Domestic 30 Trabzon Sewage System Domestic 15 Kızılırmak River Domestic and 31 Değirmendere Stream Domestic and industrial industrial 16 Kürtün Stream Domestic 32 Rize Sewage System Domestic

Table 47 gives information on the TR monitoring as related to ambient environment.

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Table 47. Monitoring specifications in Turkey (ambient environment)

Type of Is the Geographical Time period Frequency of Number of Number of monitoring monitoring scope (years from- sampling per stations per parameters regular? to) year year (from- per sampling (Yes/No) (from-to) to)34 campaign (from-to) Coastal zone Yes (from 2006 From İğneada to From 2006- twice a year 57 stations 30 monitoring to 2010) Hopa to 2011 (from 1 to 5 (Sea water) mile) Coastal zone Yes (from 2006 From İğneada to From 2006- once a year 25 stations 12 monitoring to 2010) Hopa to 2011 (1 mile from (Sediment) the shore) Hot spots Yes from 2006 From İğneada to From 2006- Twice a year 7 stations 27 monitoring to 2010) Hopa to 2011 Coastal zone Yes (from 2006 From İğneada to From 2006- once a year 3 stations 5 monitoring to 2010) Hopa to 2011 (Biota) River (estuary) Yes (from 2006 Mid Black Sea From 2006- twice a year 4 stations 23 monitoring to 2010) (Kızılırmak, to 2011 Yeşilırmak) East Black Sea (Çoruh) West Black Sea (Sakarya, Filyos)

Ambient Air Yes (from 2007) National scale From 2007, Daily, monthly, 167 stations 2-5 Monitoring and Marmara continuing yearly Clean Air Centre(stations connected separately to this centre)

Operational Yes All country In a year Ground water 715 Nitrate/ monitoring II 4 times dissolved (the one oxygen/pH/ related to the Temperature/ WFD&Nitrate conductivity Directive) In a year Surface water 985 Nitrate/ 12 times Total nitrogen/ total phosphorus/ ortho phosphate/ dissolved oxygen/pH/ Temperature/ conductivity

34For Rivers count only those stations which are used to calculate loads of rivers directly stemming to the Black Sea. Formunicipal and industrial sources please count those stations which are used to calculate discharges/emissions of direct or indirect proven and expected impact on the Black Sea no matter how far from the coast is the source. Accordingly, a primary (direct) and secondary (indirect) sources of contamination would qualify for consideration, if pollution is transported to the Black Sea finally. In some cases, secondary sources could be located at a distance more than 100 km inland from the sea.

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Conclusions, gaps:

 No continuity of monitoring activity  Lack of stability and funding  Need for institutional authority  Conflict among authorities regarding the environmental affairs

UKRAINE

Marine waters, especially coastal waters of UA, are under heavy anthropogenic impact. Key pollution sources are: . rivers: Dniepr, Danube, Dniester and Southern Bug; . industrial waste waters; . municipal waste waters, rain water and surface run-off from the BS catchment area; . navigation.

Data, based on expert assessment 35 on the amount of nutrients from different sources in the north-western (NW) Black Sea are presented in the Table below.

Table 48. Amount of nutrients (tonnes per year) from different sources in the NW Black Sea

Sources DIP (inorganic P) DIN (inorganic N) Rivers 10614 279748 Atm. Deposition 8840 75140 Diffuse waters No data No data LBS 1250 2600 Storm waters No data No data Drainage waters No data No data

There are a lot of municipal and industrial WWTPs located in the Black Sea catchment area of Ukraine. Key pollution sources are presented on the Figure below.

35 From the presentation “Expert assessment of the nutrient load to the Ukrainian part of the Black Sea from different sources“ by Yuriy Denga (UkrSCES), Vladimir Medinets (ONU NASU), Victor Morozov (DHMO), Yevgeniy Patlatiuk (SIPNWP BS), made on the meeting of the Secretariat of the Black Sea Commission, Istanbul, 2013 (http://meeting.helcom.fi/c/document_library/get_file?p_l_id=80557&folderId=2124628&name=DLFE-52783.pdf) .

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Figure 28. Major point pollution sources of surface waters (municipal and industrial WWTPs) – Azov/ Black Seas basin (Ukraine)

There are more than 100 LBSs located in the Black Sea coastal zone which discharge WW directly to the Black Sea. Key industrial and municipal WWTPs are presented in the Figure below.

Figure 29. Key industrial and municipal WWTPs along the UA coast

Out of 100 top land-based sources of Ukraine, 13 large industrial enterprises are located in the Black Sea administrative units (oblasts), however, none of them is on the list of the Black Sea Hot Spots indicated in BSIMAP (see Annex II). Among municipal sources of pollution, most important contributors are the large cities along the UA coast.

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LBS monitoring is performed mainly by the State Environmental Inspection under the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine. Previously, the Inspection was responsible for monitoring on the WW discharge point and around it (500 m upstream and 500 m downstream from the discharge point on rivers and 250 m in marine waters). Currently, the State Environmental Inspection performs monitoring only in the WW discharge point (municipal and industrial WWTPs).

Among Rivers, as mentioned above, the most important contributors to the pollution/eutrophication of the Black Sea are the large rivers Dniepr (with Bug), Dniestr and Danube (the branch Chilia).

Among point sources of pollution there are only 10 official hot spots, as being reported to the Black Sea Commission. They are:

Table 49. Hot Spots in Ukraine

Nr Name Type 1 Pivdenni municipal WWTP 2 Pivnichni municipal WWTP 3 Balaklava municipal WWTP 4 Yevpatoriya municipal WWTP 6 Sevastopol municipal WWTP 5 Yalta municipal WWTP 7 Gurzuf municipal WWTP 8 Port Yuzhni municipal+industrial WWTP 9 Illichevsk municipal WWTP 10 Krasnoperekopsk, bromide industrial WWTP

This list was compiled in the middle of the 1990-s. Unfortunately, it stays without a revision up to date; this is why it still includes some hot spots which are in practice not “hot” anymore (for example, the Krasnoperekopsk plant is practically not operated). Besides, the List contains mostly municipal WWTPs. Therein, the List needs to be revisited and updated taking into consideration the current situation in UA. Total waste water dischadges from Dynamics of the total WW dischargeshot spots for the 9in hot Ukraina spots of UA (th.m3) (from Table 49 without Krasnoperekopsk) is presented below.

200000 180000 160000 140000 120000

100000 185452 80000 60000

40000 152586

20000 114564

0 92011 2008 2009 2010 2011

Figure 30. Total waste water discharges from the 9 UA hot spots (th.m3)

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a. Municipal sources

Among municipal sources of pollution, most important contributors are the large cities along the UA coast. There are 21 cities and towns and about 35 smaller settlements along the Black Sea coast. Generally, more than 95 % of the urban population in UA is connected to centralized waste water systems. All large and medium-size cities have municipal WWTPs, however, their capacities do not always correspond to the load of WWs. Smaller settlements usually do not have WWTPs.

Storm waters have great negative impact on marine waters adjacent to large cities. Usually storm waters are not treated in WWTPs and that is why many pollutants (especially oil products, phenols, tetraethyl lead and benzo(a)pyrenes) enter marine waters. This problem is very typical for spring (snow melting and rains) and summer (heavy rains) periods. The large volumes of pollutants, stemming to the sea with storm waters, reduce significantly the quality and self-purification capacity of the Black Sea coastal waters.

b. Industrial sources

According to the UA national legislation all industrial enterprises should obtain limits for pollutants discharges. They can have their own WWTP or discharge WW to the municipal WW network. The monitoring is performed by the State Inspection and the key factor is compliance with issued limit. All industrial enterprises are obliged to submit their reports on pollutants discharges in 2-TP-vodkhoz format.

Another pollution sources for marine waters are navigation and marine transport facilities, located in the Black Sea coastal zone. There are about 20 marine ports and 7 shipyards in the UA coastal zone. Handling and repairs as well as operations with oil products cause the greatest impact on marine environment. Data on annual pollutant inputs (t/yr) are presented in Figure 31. Data on volumes of different types of WW are presented in Figure 32.

60000

50000

40000 Odessa Oblast

Mykolaiv Oblast 30000 Kherson Oblast

AR Crimea

20000 Discharge of pollutants, tons pollutants, of Discharge

10000

0 2010 2011 2012

years

Figure 31. Annual pollutant inputs (t/yr) – 2010-2012 (UA)

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300

250

200

150

100

50 m3 mln volume, waters Waste

0 Odessa Oblast Mykolaiv Oblast Кhеrson Oblast AR Crimea

Total Treated to the normative levels Biological treatment Normative clean without treatment Polluted Figure 32. Volumes of different types of waste waters, mln m3 (2012) (UA)

c. Rivers

Monitoring of rivers is regularly conducted. The number of stations varies from 49 to 137, the parameters from 3 to 25 depending on the frequency required by the national legislation. Some stations and parameters are observed every 10 days, others – monthly, and there are stations and parameters which are monitored on a seasonal basis.

There are four large rivers in Ukraine, flowing into the Black Sea (Danube (Chilia branch), Dniester, Dnieper and Southern Bug). They are the most important contributors to the pollution/eutrophication of the Black Sea. The catchment area of these four UA rivers is about 1400000 km2 and their average annual river flow is 222 km3/yr (Table 50).

Table 50. Average data on rivers

River Catchment area, 000 m2 Average annual river flow, km3/yr36 Danube 817,0 166,65 Dnieper 504,0 43,5 Dniester 72,1 9,68 Southern Bug 63,7 2,2 Total 1456,8 222,03

If speaking about the North-Western part of the Black Sea, about 80 % of pollution comes with river flow (mineral fertilizers, nutrients, oil products, etc.)

36 From the presentation “Expert assessment of the nutrient load to the Ukrainian part of the Black Sea from different sources“ by Yuriy Denga (UkrSCES), Vladimir Medinets (ONU NASU), Victor Morozov (DHMO), Yevgeniy Patlatiuk (SIPNWP BS), made on the meeting of the Secretariat of the Black Sea Commission, Istanbul, 2013 (http://meeting.helcom.fi/c/document_library/get_file?p_l_id=80557&folderId=2124628&name=DLFE-52783.pdf).

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Table 51. Average input of nutrients (tonnes/year) into the Black Sea from Ukrainian rivers37

River DIP P org. P total DIN N org. N total

Danube 5999 10499 16498 239809 183482 423291 Dnieper 3480 3480 6960 21750 No data No data

Dniester 871 484 1355 16649 21087 37623 Southern Bug 264 66 330 1540 No data No data Total 10614 14529 25143 279748 279748 460914

Data on the Danube and Dniester Rivers are given in the Figures below38:

3500

3000

2500

N org 2000 N (NO3) N (NH4) 1500 N (NO2)

1000

500

May June July Year March Aprile January August February October September NovemberDecember

Figure 33. Average concentration of nitrogen (mkg.l-1) in the Ukrainian section of the Danube River for 2012 (data of the Danube HMO (Hydrometeorological Observatory))

37 The same as Footnote 36. 38 The same as Footnote 36.

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180 160 140 120

100 P org 80 P (PO4) 60 40 20

July

May

June

Year

Aprile

March

August

January

October

February

November

December September

Figure 34. Average concentration of phosphorus (mkg.l-1) in the Ukrainian section of Danube for 2012 (data of the Danube HMO)

mkgP/L 250

200

150 P (PO4) P org. 100 P total

May June July Year March Aprile January August October February November September December

Figure 35. Average concentration of phosphorus in Dniester for 2012 (data of the ONU NASU39)

39 Odessa National University, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.

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mkgN/L 7000 6000 5000 N (NO2) N (NH4) 4000 N (NO3) 3000 N org. 2000 N total 1000 0

May June July Year March Aprile January August October February November September December

Figure 36. Average concentration of nitrogen in Dniester for 2011-2012 (data of the ONU NASU)

In the Danube Delta area, trophic level during the last four years, according to the index E-TRIX, was very high (Figure 37).

Figure 37. Trend of changes of water quality in the Danube Delta area according to the index E-TRIX (UkrSCES data)

Monitoring of rivers is regularly conducted by the State Environmental Inspection (Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine), Hydrometeorological Service (State Emergencies Service of Ukraine), Sanitary- Epidemiologic Service (Ministry of Health of Ukraine), State Agency for Water Resources of Ukraine, etc.

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d. Ambient environment

Water monitoring is performed in:

. Surface waters, including natural and artificial water bodies (reservoirs, lakes, channels, etc.); . Ground waters, including mineral, thermal waters, those used for drinking water supply, and industrial purposes; . Marine waters, including transitional, coastal, national and territorial waters and waters of marine economic zone; . Sources of pollution of surface waters, marine waters and ground waters, including drainage waters (from melioration systems) as a pollution source; . Bottom sediments as a pollution source of surface waters; . Drinking water supply sources; . Transboundary transportation of pollutants with surface waters; . Use of water resources.

Taking into account the main focus of the HBS project, information on:

. Monitoring of surface waters and . Monitoring of coastal marine waters

is presented below.

Inland waters monitoring There are four “agency-level” monitoring systems for surface and marine waters:

1) State Hydrometeorological Service of Ukraine (State Emergency Service of Ukraine); 2) State Environmental Inspection (Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine); 3) State Agency for Water Resources; 4) Sanitary-Epidemiological Service (Ministry of Health of Ukraine);

State Hydrometeorological Service of Ukraine performs monitoring (hydrochemical parameters) on 151 water bodies and carries out hydrobiological observations on 45 water bodies. Total 46 parameters are monitored. Such approach gives the possibility to assess chemical composition of water: nutrients parameters, content of suspended solids, heavy metals, pesticides, etc. 8 water bodies are monitored on chronic water toxicity level. Radiation level is also monitored. Map of monitoring network is presented below in Figure 38. Monitored parameters are presented in Table 52.

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Figure 38. Surface water monitoring stations – the Hydrometeorological Service under the State Emergency Service of Ukraine

Table 52. Monitored water quality parameters – Hydrometeorological Service monitoring network

City/town, where monitoring stations are located (surface and marine waters) - Black Sea coastal zone Parameter Mykolaiv Yalta Izmail Illichevsk Kerch

1 2 3 4 5 6 Ammonia nitrogen + + + + + Total N + + + + Nitrate nitrogen + + + + + Nitrite nitrogen + + + + + Anionic surfactants + + + + BOD + pH + + + + + Hardness + Carbon dioxide + SS + + Odor + Calcium + + Dissolved oxygen + + + + + Colour + + Silicon + + + + + Alkalinity + + + + Magnesium + Oil products + + + + + Bichromate oxidability + Permanganate oxidability + Transparency + + Oxygen saturation + Hydrogen sulfide + + + + Salinity + + + +

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City/town, where monitoring stations are located (surface and marine waters) - Black Sea coastal zone Parameter Mykolaiv Yalta Izmail Illichevsk Kerch Sulphates + + Sum of nitric substances + Sum of ions + Strontium-9 + Density + Temperature + Phenols + + + + + Phosphates + + + + + Total phosphorous + + + + + Chlorides + + Chromium (VI) + Chlorinated pesticides (organic) + 7 + + COD + Cesium-+37 + -HCCH (hexachlorocyclohexane) + β - HCCH (hexachlorocyclohexane) + - HCCH (hexachlorocyclohexane) + Hexachlorbenzene + DDE + DDT (dichloro-diphenyl- trichloroethane) + Na+K + Heavy metals +

State Environmental Inspection of Ukraine monitors about 60 parameters in surface waters (rivers, lakes, etc.). Map of monitoring network is given below in Figure 39. Monitored parameters are presented in Table 53.

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Figure 39. Surface water monitoring stations – the State Environmental Inspection under the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine

Table 53. Monitored water quality parameters – State Environmental Inspection monitoring network

City/town, where monitoring stations are located (surface waters) - Black Sea coastal zone Parameter Kherson Mykolaiv Izmail Odessa Feodosia Kerch Sevastopol Yalta Krasnoperekopsk

Aluminum + Ammonium saline + + + + + + + + Anionic surfactants + + + + + + + + BOD + + + + + + + + + рН + + + + + + + + + Hardness + + + + + + SS + + + + + + + + + Total iron + + + + + + + + + Odor + + + + + Calcium + + + + + Dissolved oxygen + + + + + + + + + Colour + + + Magnesium + + + + + Manganese + + Cooper + + + Oil products + + + + + + + + Nickel + + Nitrates + + + + + + + + + Nitrites + + + + + + + + + Transparency + + + + Sulphates + + + + + + + +

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City/town, where monitoring stations are located (surface waters) - Black Sea coastal zone Parameter Kherson Mykolaiv Izmail Odessa Feodosia Kerch Sevastopol Yalta Krasnoperekopsk

Dry residue + + + + + + Phenols + + + + + + Phosphates + + + + + + COD + + + + + + Chlorides + + + + + + + + Cr (III) + Cr (VI) + Zink + + + Temperature + + + + + Alkalinity + + + + Lead + + Total chromium + Cadmium + + Ammonia nitrogen + Iron(ІІ) + Iron(ІІІ) + Mineralisation + + Sulphides + Hydrogen sulfide + BOD20 + Organic carbon + Hydrocarbonates + + K+Na + + Salinity + Total phosphorous + Mineral phosphorous + + Organic phosphorous + Permanganate oxidability + + + Oxygen saturation + + pH + Sum of ions + Active chromium + + Turbidity +

State Agency for Water Resources performs monitoring of surface waters. Monitoring of physical and chemical parameters is performed on 72 reservoirs, 164 rivers, 14 irrigation networks, 1 coastal lake and 5 channels. Also radionuclides are monitored in surface waters. Map with monitoring stations is given in Figure 40. The list of monitored parameters for Laboratories of the State Agency for Water Resources is similar to the list of the State Environmental Inspection (currently does not perform the monitoring of marine and surface waters) and Hydrometeorological Service.

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Figure 40. Surface water monitoring stations – the State Agency for Water Resources

Sanitary-Epidemiological Service is responsible for monitoring under sources for centralized drinking water supply and in recreational areas (along river banks and Black Sea coast line). Also it performs monitoring (chemical parameters) of ground water used for drinking purposes. Map of monitoring stations is presented in Figure 41. Sanitary-Epidemiological Service (Ministry of Health of Ukraine) monitors the following parameters: temperature, odor, colour, turbidity, SS, pH, dissolved oxygen, BOD5, permanganate oxidability, alkalinity, total hardness, dry residue, calcium, magnesium, total iron, chlorides, sulphates, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, fluorine, anionic surfactants, oil products, cooper, lead, zinc, chromium(VI), nickel, cadmium, aluminum and bacteriological parameters (coli-phage, total saprophytic bacteria, coli-index, pathogenic microflora). Some laboratories under the Ministry of Health of Ukraine also monitor radiation parameters (total - activity).

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Figure 41. Surface water monitoring stations – the Sanitary-Epidemiological Service under the Ministry of Health of Ukraine

Black Sea coastal waters monitoring The many years of exploitation of the marine environment, as a receiving environment of rivers, communal and industrial sewage and others, have resulted in chronic chemical pollution and formation of unfavourable eco toxicological situation practically along the entire Black Sea coast of Ukraine.

State Hydrometeorological Service of Ukraine manages monitoring network which consists of monitoring stations located near WW discharges and research monitoring stations, located in coastal waters. Monitoring of 16-26 hydrochemical parameters is performed. Some of the stations of this service in the Black Sea are presented in Figure 42.

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Figure 42. Map of the Monitoring Network of the Hydrometeorological Service of Ukraine

 - DHMO (Danube Hydrometeorlogical Observatory, Izmail),  - HMC (Hydromet Center, Odessa),  - UHMI (Marine Branch of the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute, Sevastopol)

Coordinates of all Hydromet stations in the Black Sea and adjacent areas (e.g. Danube Delta, etc.) are given in Annex III.

State Environmental Inspection of Ukraine performs monitoring near LBSs, located in coastal zone, dumping points, in oil and gas exploration/production areas, etc. As a result of reforms implemented in 2011, presently the Inspection is not performing monitoring of marine water quality.

Sanitary-Epidemiological Service monitors coastal water quality in recreation areas (Figure 41). Other organizations involved in BS monitoring are those subordinated to Ministry of Ecology, Ministry of Science and Education, Ministry of Agriculture and National Academy of Science. They are:

 IBSS, Sevastopol (Institute of Biology of Southern Seas)  OB IBSS, Odessa (Odessa Branch of the Institute of Biology of Southern Seas)  MHI, Sevastopol (Marine Hydrophysical Institute)  ONU, Odessa (Odessa State University)  YugNIRO, Kerch (Southern Institute of Fisheries Research)  Etc.

NGOs also perform monitoring in the frames of different projects (mainly international). For more information see Annex III (Note: the Annex contains long list of stations, among them the Hydromet stations are only regularly

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sustained. The rest of the UA organizations often lack funding for monitoring and their observations are carried out in the frames of national and international projects). General description of the BS ambient monitoring domains covered by relatively regular observations is presented in the Table below.

Table 43. Type of observations sustained in UA for the ambient monitoring quality control

Organization Type of observations/Frequency/Number of stations Meteorolo Hydrolog Hydrophys Hydrochemi Hydrobiolo Pollutio Geolog Atmosp gical ical ical cal gical n y heric (standard) Pollutio n UkrSCES Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes (water/s ediment/ biota) MB-UHMI Yes Yes/4- Yes/4-36/49- Yes/4- 36/49-137 137 36/49- 137 (water) ONU Yes Yes/36 Yes/36 Yes/36 Yes Yes Yes (May- (May- (May- December December)/1 December)/ )/1-15 -15 1-15 IBSS Yes Yes Yes partly

OB-IBSS Yes Yes Yes Yes MHI Yes Yes Yes partly HMC-BAS40 Yes Yes Yes partly

Danube HM Yes Yes Yes partly Observatory41

Conclusions, gaps:

. Currently the number of monitoring stations is reduced, hence, it is not possible to provide the necessary volume of hydrological and hydrochemical data and to perform proper evaluations of the environmental state; . Monitoring activity (especially in coastal waters) is performed irregularly; . Lack of modern equipment for monitoring and analysis; . Insufficient external laboratory control; . Analysis of content of heavy metals and specific pollutants (WFD Priority Substances list) are performed in various laboratories without ensuring harmonization. Some parameters from the WFD list are not monitored. Comparability of data is questionable. . Lack of stability and funding; . Monitoring is performed by various organizations, activities are duplicated and uncoordinated (low level of monitoring optimization); the list of monitored parameters is incomplete. Impact on biota is not researched and evaluated. Cost-efficiency of monitoring is low; . Existing monitoring network does not meet European requirements and does not correlate with existing European networks, e.g. EUROWATERNET, EUROSOMNET, and ICPFORESTS networks.

40 Hydrometeorological center – Black and Azov Sea 41 Danube Hydrometeorological Observatory

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IV. Procedures of QA/QC in monitoring (Filed and Laboratory works for each beneficiary country)

BULGARIA

The Executive Environment Agency – Sofia (ExEA) collects, summarizes and evaluates programs to control the quality of the monitoring data in accordance with the standard BNS EN ISO/IEC 17025 - „General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration” of the Executive Agency “Bulgarian Accreditation Service (EA „BAS”).

GEORGIA

The Departments of NEA take the responsibility for testing activities in agreement with the requirements of the international standard ISO 17025. QA/QC applies to the whole environmental monitoring process, including data analysis, interpretation and management. NEA Laboratories have Quality Manual and apply SOPs (standard operational procedures). The Laboratories continually improve the effectiveness of their QA/QC management system using quality policy, quality objectives, results obtained from internal audits, data analysis, corrective and preventive actions, surveillance, complaints, interlaboratory comparisons, personnel education and management review. The Laboratories use appropriate methods and procedures for all tests within the scope of monitoring activities. These include handling, transport, storage and preparation of items for testing and, where necessary, the estimation of measurement uncertainty and statistical techniques for analysis of test data.

ROMANIA

The “Romanian Waters” National Administration (“Apele Romane”, ANAR) collects, summarizes and evaluates programs to control the quality of the monitoring data in accordance with the standard EN ISO/IEC 17025 - „General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration” by its accredited laboratories.

TURKEY

Acting policy:

. Regulation on Control of Water Pollution: Communique on Sampling and Analytical Methods (published on 10.10.2009 in No 27372 Official Gazette)

. Regulation on Qualifying the Laboratories dealing with environmental monitoring (published on 05.09.2008 in No 26988 Official Gazette)

Laboratories engaged in state monitoring have ISO 17025 accreditation approved by TÜRKAK (Turkish Accreditation Agency) for the parameters they sample and analyse.

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UKRAINE

In UA, there are several monitoring systems subordinated to various ministers and agencies, as mentioned above. The methodological bases are different in them, laboratories use various methods and equipment for measuring the same parameter. Hence, the comparability of data poses a problem.

There are various internal normative documents, regulating the QA/QC for monitoring (see below). For example, the Marine Branch of the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute uses more than 20 documents (most of them were developed during Soviet time or more than 10 years ago; some ISO standards were officially introduced into the UA normative basis – they are called ДСТУ ISO):

1. Guidelines on chemical analyses of marine waters (edited by S.G. Oradovskiy, S.-Petersburg, 1993. РД 52.10.243-92) – in Russian; 2. Guidelines on chemical analyses of surface inland waters (edited by A.D. Semenova, Leningrad, Hydrometeoizdat, 1977) – in Russian; 3. Guideline document РД 118.02.3-90– in Russian; 4. Unified method for water analysis (Chemistry, Moscow, 1971) – in Russian; 5. Methodological guidelines on chemical analysis of desalinated marine waters from river mouth areas and seas № 46 (edited by S.G. Oradovskiy, Leningrad, Hydrometeoizdat, 1984) – in Russian; 6. Methodological guidelines for measuring pollutant substances in marine bottom sediments and suspensions (edited by S.G. Oradovskiy, Moscow, 1996) – in Russian; 7. Guidelines on chemical analysis of marine waters (edited by S.G. Oradovskiy, Leningrad, Hydrometeoizdat, 1977) – in Russian;

8. Guideline document КНД 211.1.4.024-95. Method for measuring BODn in natural and waste waters – in Ukrainian ; 9. Non-polar hydrocarbons (oil products). Measuring by Infra-red spectrophotometry. Unified methods for water quality research. Part 1. Volume 1. pages 559-566. – in Russian; 10. Guideline document РД 52.10.243-92. Guidelines on chemical analyses of marine waters. – in Russian; 11. Guideline document РД 52.24.28-86. Methodological guidelines on atomic-absorption electrochemical method for determination of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Zn, Ag, Cu, Mg, Cr, Co, Ni and Be) in natural and treated waste waters. – in Russian; 12. Guideline document РД 52.24.30-86. Methodological guidelines for determination of Hg in natural waters. – in Russian; 13. Guideline document РД 52.24.81-89. Methodological guidelines for determination of Zn, Cu, Mg and Fe in natural waters by using atomic-absorption method with automatisation of sample in flame. – in Russian; 14. Standard ДСТУ ISO 5667-3-2001. Water quality. Sampling. Guidance of the preservation and handling of samples. – in Ukrainian; 15. Standard ДСТУ 4077-2001. Water quality. Determination of рН. – in Ukrainian; 16. Standard ДСТУ ISO 5813:2004. Water quality. Determination of dissolved oxygen. Iodometric method. – in Ukrainian;

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17. Standard ДСТУ ISO 6468-2002. Water quality -- Determination of certain organochlorine insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorobenzenes -- Gas chromatographic method after liquid-liquid extraction. – in Ukrainian; 18. Guideline document РД 52.24.17-86 - in Russian; 19. Guideline document РД 52.24.34.86- in Russian; 20. Guideline document РД 52.24.66.88- in Russian; 21. Guideline document РД 52.24.39.87- in Russian; 22. Guideline document РД 52.24.32.86- in Russian; 23. Guideline document РД 52.24.33.89 - in Russian; 24. Guideline document РД 52.08.104-86- in Russian; 25. Guideline document РД 52.24.74-88- in Russian; 26. Guideline document РД 52.24.55-88- in Russian; 27. Guideline document РД 52.24.61-88- in Russian; 28. Guideline document РД 52.24.59-88- in Russian; 29. Guideline document РД 118.02.1-85- in Russian; 30. Procedure for measurements МВВ 081/12-0015-01 – in Ukrainian; 31. Procedure for measurements МВВ 081/12-0019-01- in Ukrainian; 32. Procedure for measurements МВВ 0,81/12-0016-01 - in Ukrainian; 33. Methodological guidelines on principles for development of monitoring and control system for water bodies and water courses - Hydromet network under State Service for Observations and Control under Pollution of the Environment. Leningrad: Hydrometeoizdat, 1984. – in Russian.

Development of unified methodological basis and provisions for monitoring activity are foreseen in the Concept on reformation of the state environmental monitoring system (draft is developed; discussions with stakeholders are going on). New methodological basis will be introduced and used in the unified monitoring network. National and European standards on environmental protection will be the basis for such provisions. Technical basis should be improved and up-graded. New equipment, instruments and tools will be bought and installed upon provision of necessary funding (which is doubtful for the moment). The draft Concept foresees the following: analysis of existing gaps and development of recommendations, use of multi-functional equipment and instruments, creation of automated monitoring stations and development of a unified list of measuring instruments and other equipment.

V. Reporting of data (to whom, kind of formats used, for each beneficiary country)

BULGARIA

The data and information are reported from the ExEA Laboratories, NIMH and IO-BAS to the BSBD, MoEW and some of them to the European Environmental Agency. The BSBD reports the data to the BSC and EC. Executive Environment Agency (ExEA) to MoEW. In Bulgaria MoEW reports the data to the European Environment Agency (EEA). Data are reported through the Water information System for Europe (WISE, European database system for waters) which is a partnership between the European Commission (DG Environment, Joint Research Centre and Eurostat) and the European Environment Agency (EEA). The WISE-WFD database contains data and

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information from River Basin Management Plans reported by EU Members States according to article 13 of the Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for the Community action in the field of water policy or shortly the WFD 2000/60/EC).

14 Hot Spots and data from area “Poda” on River Kamchia are reported by BSBD annually to the LBS Advisory Group of the Black sea Commission and the Commission itself.

Also, data for 6 monitoring coastal stations (Shabla, Varna, Obzor (Dvojnitza), Burgas (Sarafovo), Ahtopol, Burgas Bay) from the monitoring of marine waters are reported annually by BSBD to the PMA (pollution monitoring and assessment) Advisory Group of the Black Sea Commission and the Commission itself (under BSIMAP).

GEORGIA

At the national level, NEA (including its branch in Batumi - Fisheries and the Black Sea Monitoring Centre) reports data/information to MENRP, Ministry of Health and Social Affairs, and National Centre for Disease Control and Public Health. Some of the private laboratories (laboratory of Agrarian University, Ltd GAMMA Consulting Firm, Ltd. Laboratory Research Centre Poti, Ltd corporation “Poti Seaport” and others) carry out researches according to their contracts/international projects and report accordingly to the funding organization.

At the regional level, the GE LBS and PMA data are reported to the BSC.

ROMANIA

County public health departments are reporting data and information to the Institute of Public Health from Bucharest, Ministry of Health, Regional Public Health Center. The test results are compared with the mandatory values and the reference values provided by GD no. 459/2002 and communicated to the National Institute of Public Health from Bucharest and to European Commission through the Ministry of Health.

Local operators are reporting to the Regional Water Basin Administrations and Regional agencies for environmental protection. Centralized data are reported at national level to main authorities, Environmental Fund Administration, Ministry of Environment and Climate Change and at European level to European Environment Agency and European Commission.

The Table below provides the schedule of activities for the collection, processing and provision of information on wastewater specifying responsible organizations.

Table 55. Schedule of LBS activities in Romania

No. Actions Responsible Collaborators 1. Develop investigator guidelines INS ME 2. Printing questionnaires INS 3. Finalize the list of establishments ANAR ME 4. Establishing the necessary investigators ANAR INS 5. Sending statistical tools to ANAR territorial units ANAR 6. Training investigators in the ANAR territorial units ANAR INS 7. Defining software ANAR INS

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No. Actions Responsible Collaborators 8. Conducting field operations ANAR Data processing and validating to level of the ANAR ANAR 9. ANAR territorial units territorial units INS 10. Sending data to ANAR ANAR territorial units 11. Central data processing ANAR INS Validation of the results and preparation of centralized 12. ANAR, ME data volumes 13. Transmission of the centralized data to INS ANAR 14. Transmission of the centralized data to Eurostat INS INS - National Institute of Statistics ANAR - "Romanian Waters"National Administration ME - Ministry of Environment

TURKEY

Table 56. Reporting of data in Turkey

Name of organization Postal address/webpage Contact person (address, tel/fax, e-mail, skype) European Environmental Agency www.eea.europe.eu Black Sea Commission www.blackseacommission.com email: Secretariat secretariat@blacksea- commission.org

Phone: +90 212 299 2940 or +90 212 299 2946; Fax: +90 212 299 2944 United Nations European www.unece.org e-mail:[email protected] Economic Commission Secretariat Phone: +41 (0) 22 917 44 44 Fax: +41 (0) 22 917 05 05

Table 57. Name of databases in Turkey

Name of the Link (if any) Year of launch Type of data Is the data Terms of data base (if base base linked access any) to models? National Air http://www.ceip.at/status- 2010 Excel Recently, not Open Pollutants of-reporting/ finalised Emission Inventory NİBİS nitrat.tarim.gov.tr 2012 Microsoft SQL _ _ Server

UKRAINE

Monitoring bodies provide monitoring data to Regional monitoring centers or State Departments of Ecology and Natural Resources (Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine). These data are sent to the

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Information Analytical Center of the State Environmental Monitoring System (http://www.ecobank.org.ua), established under the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine, and are stored in environmental databases. Based on these data and monthly/ and quarter (3 months) information, the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine develops and publishes analytical review “State of the Environment in Ukraine”, which is uploaded in Internet (www.menr.gov.ua and http://www.ecobank.org.ua) and is distributed to stakeholders. The scheme for data collection is presented in the Figure below.

Figure 43. Scheme on data entry into the Information Analytical Center of the State Environmental Monitoring System (Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine)

The Information Analytical Center of the State Environmental Monitoring System is responsible for information exchange among regional monitoring centers, monitoring bodies, development and maintenance of environmental databases, carry out of regular integrated assessment of the state of environment, etc.

To ensure regular and active data exchange and coordination of monitoring activities the following agreements on cooperation were signed: :  Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine and the State Emergencies Service of Ukraine;  Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine and Ministry of Health of Ukraine;  Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine and Ministry of Agrarian Policy and Food of Ukraine;  Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine and Ministry of Regional Development, Construction and Housing of Ukraine;  Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine and the State Agency for Water Resources of Ukraine;

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 Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine and the State Forest Resources Agency of Ukraine;  Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine and the State Agency for Land Resources of Ukraine:

Corresponding Regulations for environmental data exchange were developed and approved.

Common automated sub-system for data collection, processing and storage was developed and should be maintained to ensure integration of information resources and better and effective communication among monitoring bodies. The following actions are foreseen:

. Unification of special software and packages; . Integration of information sub-systems of separate monitoring bodies for integrated data assessment; . Introduction of state-of-the art information and analytical technologies and unified data formats (collection and storage); . Guarantee of information availability for various types of stakeholders and end-users.

Gaps: There are large volumes of monitoring data (state of the environmental and pollutions sources) in Ukraine. Organisations have great experience. However, there are substantial gaps:

. Most data and information are stored in databases, developed under various ministers and agencies; . The database structures and data formats are different and do not meet the requirements of the common unified environmental database. They cannot be easily used in a common environmental monitoring system to produce assessments and build scenarios of environmental developments; . There are no standard data formats and raw data storage systems; . Retrospective data are stored in hard copies; . GIS is not widely used for collection, processing, storage and visualisation of environmental monitoring data; . There is no on-line data provision to end-users; . It is very difficult to analyse raw data on monitoring and use them for decision-making (risk assessment, LBS management, etc.).

VI. Operational monitoring, role and prospective (for each beneficiary country)

Note: the Chapter contains info on both types of ‘operational’ monitoring – Operational I (real-time monitoring) and Operational II (sensu WFD).

BULGARIA

In Bulgaria automated stations are used both – for monitoring of certain parameters in the Black Sea (ambient environment) and for atmospheric pollution.

The automated stations for surface waters were provided by a BG-Italian project in the frames of the PHARE Programme (BG2006/018.343.06.03 “Strengthening of the surface waters monitoring in BG).

The aim of the operational monitoring is to compliment the in situ observations, as ordered by the Minister of Environment (№715/02.08.2010) and improve the assessments of the state of the surface waters. Additionally, the collected data are used for:

. early warning of floods and accidental pollution;

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. control on the minimum allowable flow of the rivers; . constant tracing of the quality of transboundary rivers – e.g. Veleka and Rezovska.

There are 4 stations established in the Black Sea basin, as reflected in the Table below:

Table 58. List of automated stations for monitoring of surface waters in the Black Sea basin (Bulgaria)

N Code Location River Coordinates Type of N E station 1 VAR-02 Obzor Dvoinica 42,49431 27,51518 sensors 2 VAR-04 Sinemoretz Veleka 42,03360 27,57595 Sensors 3 VAR-03 Rezovo Rezovska 41,58501 28,01293 Sensors 4 VAR-01-S Poda Kamchia 43,01182 27,532019 Automated sampling

The stations are equipped with sensors to measure the following parameters:

. meteorology: rain, wind velocity and direction, air temperature and humidity, atmospheric pressure and solar radiation; . general physical and inorganic chemistry: water temperature, pH, conductivity, salinity, oxygen saturation and dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids, nitrites, nitrates, ammonium, phosphates; . hydromorphological – water level and water quantity.

A central system is established to collect the data from all stations, conduct quality control, store, manage and produce data products to visualise the obtained results.

Figure 44. Results of real-time observations in the Kamchia River in 2011.

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Figure 45. Results of real-time observations in the Rezovska River in 2011

Operational monitoring for the ambient environment is already extensively described in three recent reports: of the Projects MISIS (www.misisproject.eu), EMBLAS (http://emblasproject.org/) and B2B (the latter is a project of the BSC, financed by EC DG Env., named Blatic2Black, aimed at cooperation of the BSC and HELCOM (Baltic Sea Commission) to enhance the BS monitoring in the field of eutrophication tracing, see also: http://www.blacksea-commission.org/_projects_Baltic2Black.asp).

GEORGIA

The operational monitoring is practically not developed in GE, except for few planned automated posts for rivers measurements of certain parameters, and the very outdated automated stations, which currently measure river flows only.

ROMANIA

Further below the information provided refers to the ‘operational monitoring’ II – which is carried out under the WFD requirements for the water bodies at risk to evaluate the efficiency of measures taken.

In Romania the operational monitoring II aims to establish the status of water bodies within the river basins which present risk or possible risk of failing to meet environmental objectives, and to trace and assess any changes in the status of these water bodies in result of the programs of measures implemented. Operational program applies to all bodies, where priority substances are discharged (sensu WFD).

The following tables (59, 60) present the elements, parameters and monitoring frequencies for biological, hydromorphological and physico-chemical elements for transitional and coastal waters.

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Table 59. Quality elements and monitoring frequency in operational program - transitional waters (RO)

Operational program Lacustrian Marine Quality elements Parameters transitional transitional waters waters Biological elements Phytoplankton Taxonomic composition (list and no. 4/year*** 4/year*** of species), density (ind/l), biomass (mg/l) Macroalgae Taxonomic composition (list and no. 2/year**** 2/year**** of species), density (ind/m2) Angiosperms Taxonomic composition (list and no. 1/3 years 1/3 years of species), density (ind/m2) Zoobenthos Taxonomic composition (list and no. 1/year 1/year of species), density (ind/m2) Fish fauna Taxonomic composition (list and no. 1/3 years 1/3 years of species), density (ind/100m2), age structure Hydromorphological Morphological Variation of transitional water depth 1/6 years 1/year elements parameters Volume and structure of the 1/6 years 1/year transitional water bed Hydrological The retention time of the lake 1/6 years NA parameters Water level 1/day 1/day Freshwater flow NA NA Wave exposure NA 4/year Physico-chemical Transparency Suspended matter, color, turbidity, 4/year*** 4/year*** elements Secchi disc Thermal Temperature 4/year*** 4/year*** conditions Oxygenation Oxygen dissolved, COD - Mn and / or 4/year*** 4/year*** conditions COD-Cr, BOD5, in some cases TOC Salinity Salinity-conductivity 4/year*** 4/year*** Acidification pH 4/year*** 4/year*** status Nutrients Nitrates, nitrites, ammonia, Ntot, 4/year*** 4/year*** orthophosphate, Ptotal, chlorophyll "a", silicon Priority Note: 1) 12/year 12/year substances - water Priority Heavy metals: Cd, Ni, Pb, Hg substances (suspended solids) Priority Heavy metals and organic 1/year 1/year substances micropollutants relevant to sediment (sediment) Priority Heavy metals and organic 1/year 1/year substances micropollutants relevant to biota (biota) Non-priority Note: 2) 4/year 4/year specific

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Quality elements Parameters Operational program pollutants Non-priority Other heavy metals (List II) substances (suspended solids) Non-priority List I and II substances relevant for 1/year 1/year substances sediment (sediment) Non-priority List I and II substances relevant to 1/year 1/year substances biota (biota) Other pollutants Note: 3) 4/year 4/year Microbiological Bacteriological *,** NA elements parameters

* Parameters and frequency are set by TNMN (Trans-National Monitoring Network) ** Frequency is set by TNMN and BSC (Black Sea Commission) *** Monitoring frequency can become monthly in case of eutrophication phenomena (May to September) **** Monitoring frequency of 2/year applies in case of eutrophication phenomena (May to September) NA =not applicable 1) Priority substances (Annex X of the Water Framework Directive - Decision 2455/2001/EC) in case of pollution sources discharging such substances; 2) Non-priority specific pollutants (substances in Annex 8 and 9 of the water Framework Directive) in case of pollution sources discharging such substances; 3) Other pollutants: substances not found in Annexes 8, 9 and 10 of the water Framework Directive: the case of pollution sources discharging such substances

Table 60. Quality elements and frequency of monitoring in operational program-coastal waters (RO)

Operational Quality elements Parameters program Biological elements Phytoplankton Taxonomic composition (list and no. of species), 4/year* density (ind/l), biomass (mg/l) Macroalgae Taxonomic composition (list and no. of species), 2/year*** density (ind/m2) Angiosperms Taxonomic composition (list and no. of species), 1/3 years density (ind/m2) Zoobenthos Taxonomic composition (list and no. of species), 1/year density (ind/m2) Hydromorphological Morphological Variation of coastal water depth 1/year elements parameters Structure of the coastal water bed 1/6 years Hydrological Water level 1/day parameters Direction of dominant currents 4/year Wave exposure 4/year Physico-chemical Transparency Color, turbidity, Secchi disc 4/year* elements Thermal Temperature 4/year* conditions Oxygenation Oxygen dissolved, COD - Mn and / or COD-Cr, 4/year* conditions BOD5, in some cases TOC Salinity Salinity-conductivity 4/year*

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Operational Quality elements Parameters program Acidification pH 4/year* status Nutrients Nitrates, nitrites, ammonia, Ntot, orthophosphate, 4/year* Ptotal, chlorophyll "a", silicon Priority Note: 1) 12/year substances - water Priority Heavy metals and organic micropollutants 1/year substances relevant to sediment (sediment) Priority Heavy metals and organic micropollutants 1/year substances relevant to biota (biota) Non-priority Note: 2) 4/year specific pollutants Non-priority List I and II substances relevant for sediment 1/year substances (sediment) Non-priority List I and II substances relevant to biota 1/year substances (biota) Other pollutants Note: 3) 4/year Microbiological Bacteriological Total coliforms, faecal coliforms, faecal 2/month elements parameters** streptococci, Salmonella, enteroviruses * Monitoring frequency may become monthly or more depending on the evolution of eutrophication (May to September) **Monitoring frequency only during summer season ***Monitoring frequency 2 / year applies in case of eutrophication phenomena (May to September) 1) Priority substances (Annex X of the Water Framework Directive - Decision 2455/2001/EC) in case of pollution sources discharging such substances; 2) Non-priority specific pollutants (substances in Annex 8 and 9 of the water Framework Directive) in case of pollution sources discharging such substances; 3) Other pollutants: substances not found in Annexes 8, 9 and 10 of the Water Framework Directive: the case of pollution sources discharging such substances

TURKEY

There is an operational monitoring II (sensu WFD) in Turkey. Real-time monitoring is also existent and is well developed.

The Water Framework Directive of the European Union provides the general principles of integrated river basin management. Its main focus is to integrate economic and environmental aspects to secure sustainable management of water resources. Its main objective is to achieve a good water status. The implementation of this directive is a considerable challenge for EU member states and for candidate countries.

In the process of accession to the European Union, Turkey plans to develop river basin management plans for its twenty five river basins. In the context of the WFD, operational monitoring II studies for priority and specific

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pollutants will be planned and also conducted permanently in Turkey to achieve the good surface and ground water status. Since 1990, some operational monitoring studies (mainly eutrophication parameters) have been already carried by the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization. Unfortunately, these studies (for water bodies at risk) were not sustained.

Automated measurements of various parameters on a pilot basis are taking place for river discharges and for atmospheric pollution. The TR operational (real-time) monitoring for the Black Sea ambient environment is described in the MISIS Project Diagnostic Report (http://www.misisproject.eu/).

UKRAINE

The BS ambient operational (real-time) monitoring is in detail described in the EMBLAS Diagnostic Report (http://emblasproject.org/). Real-time monitoring of LBSs is not taking place.

In the sense of the WFD, monitoring of water bodies at risk is the responsibility of the Hydromet system and sensitivity of those areas (or others under potential threats) is identified. However, the monitoring of risk areas does not comply with modern requirements, as the Hydromet system does not include monitoring of phytoplankton and benthic communities in the Black Sea. Besides, the list of priority pollutants observed is far from complete and does not include measurements of sediments pollution and biota contamination.

VII. On-going projects with monitoring component (national for each beneficiary country or international projects, having relation to LBS monitoring)

BULGARIA

1. ISPA Projects http://www.moew.government.bg/?show=94 – for projects of ISPA (Instrument for Structural Policies for Pre- accession, Cohesion Fund)

The projects are in support of municipalities to improve infrastructures, including wastewater treatment.

2. Projects under the Operational Programme of EC for environment http://ope.moew.government.bg/bg/projects – projects of the Operational Programme of EC for Environment.

The projects have specific objectives:

1. Protection and restoration of water resources 2. Waste management and protection of soil 3. Biodiversity and environment protection

Funding: 1 800 mln Euro

234 projects are in process of implementation, 129 are already finalised, and 147.3 mln BG leva are spent.

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The projects include:

1. Infrastructures development in settlements with population over 2 000 inhabitants 2. Monitoring (incl. LBS, water quality) 3. Establishment of a Center for water management and early warning (floods, droughts) 4. Innovations in the Water sector 5. Capacity building in the water management sector

GEORGIA

There are no national projects, which deal with LBSs or BS monitoring. The international projects in which NEA and TSU (Tbilisi State University) take part are as follows:

EPIRB - Environmental Protection of International River Basins Project (http://blacksea- riverbasins.net/en/imprint) – NEA EMBLAS – Improving Environmental Monitoring in the Black Sea (www.emblas.project.org) – NEA, TSU CoCoNET - Towards COast to COast NETworks of marine protected areas (from the shore to the high and deep sea), coupled with sea-based wind energy potential (http://www.coconet-fp7.eu/) – NEA PERSEUS (Policy-oriented marine environmental research in the southern European Seas, http://www.perseus- net.eu/site/content.php) - TSU

ROMANIA

NATIONAL PROJECTS:

In Romania ongoing projects, as related to LBS, have not been identified for the national level. There are projects related to the Black Sea area having other objectives, for example, the two projects presented below.

Research and Restoration of the Essential Filters of the Sea – REEFS, http://reefsproject.net/ Contract no. 19/2013, National Institute for Marine Research and development ‘Grigore Antipa”, Constanta - NIMRD Project duration: 02.06.2012 – 01.06.2014

REEFS Project is a joint cross-border initiative of five partners from the riparian countries – Bulgaria (Bulgarian Biodiversity Foundation), Ukraine (Odessa Branch of the Institute for Biology of the Southern Seas), Romania (Mare Nostrum NGO), Georgia (Ilia State University) and Turkey (Karadeniz Technical University).

REEFS is a pilot project focused on the scientific research of environmental impact of the artificial reefs in the area of Black sea countries.

The overall objectives of REEFS Project is to establish long-term partnership platform for scientific, technical, administrative and awareness raising activities in favour of artificial reefs practice as a way of active support of the self-restoration of the Black Sea ecosystem.

Influence of the river input on the chemical composition and the trophic state of the Romanian transitional and coastal waters with the view to the joint implementation of the Water and Marine Strategy Framework Directives, http://www.rmri.ro/Home/Programmes.NationalProjects.html

National Institute for Marine Research and Development ‘Grigore Antipa”

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The project objectives are:

. Assess the concentrations of nutrients and organic matter to identify the influence of river input on the chemical composition and trophic status of Romanian transitional and coastal waters; . To contribute to the current level of knowledge of marine eutrophication of Romanian seaside area in relation to environmental factors that affect the balance of the marine ecosystem; . Ensure continuity of obtaining data on the development of indicators for the 'eutrophication' of the EU Water Framework Directive; . Ensure obtaining data on the development of indicators to develop marine strategy and initial assessment required by Directive - Framework "Marine Strategy"; . Provide operational data, summaries, quality reports etc. to local and national authorities.

INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS :

FP7 Project : Towards A Clean, Litter-Free European Marine Environment Through Scientific Evidence, Innovative Tools And Good Governance – CLEANSEA, http://www.cleansea-project.eu/ Project partners: 17 research institutes from European countries, including the National Institute for Marine Research and Development "Grigore Antipa", Romania. Project coordinator is VU University Amsterdam (VUA) / Institute for Environmental Studies, Netherlands. Project duration: 1 January 2013 - 1 January 2016 Objectives: The main objective of the project is to manage and assess the potential impact of waste on the marine and coastal environment. The main activities are:

. Monitoring of marine litter; . Identify sources of pollution; . Impact assessment on the biota and aquatic organisms; . Develop technical solutions to reduce waste pollution of the marine and coastal environment.

Project No. 07.020400/2012/616044/SUB/D2 MSFD Guiding Improvements in the Black Sea Integrated Monitoring System - MISIS, www.misisproject.eu MISIS project is coordinated by the National Institute for Marine Research and Development "Grigore Antipas" (INCDM), in partnership with the National Research and Development Institute for Marine Geology and Geoecology (GeoEcoMar), "Ovidius" University of Constanta, Institute of Oceanology - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (IO-BAS) and the University of Sinop in Turkey. Project duration: 06.03.2012 - 06.03.2014 (financed by EC DG Env.)

The purpose of the project is to develop a coherent program of activities to improve the quality and effectiveness of the integrated monitoring system of environmental data to the Black Sea under the Framework Directive MSFD 2008/56/EC.

Specific objectives: . Improving availability and quality of chemical and biological data to serve the integrated assessment of the environmental status of the Black Sea, including the pressures and impacts (in accordance with Annexes I and III of MSFD); . Increasing the number and protected areas in the Black Sea and increase their protection; . Increasing the stakeholder involvement degree and public awareness regarding environmental issues.

Expected results of the project: The project aims to achieve the following results: improving regional cooperation and implementation of agreements for the protection of the Black Sea, with emphasis on the alignment of policies and strategies in the sense of MSFD and WFD; developing national integrated monitoring programs under MSFD and WFD; improving research and increase knowledge on the state of the Black Sea, namely the common understanding of good environmental status in the marine environment; capacity building of organizations relevant to monitoring of

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the Black Sea; capacity building of organizations relevant for identification, designation and management of protected areas; improving stakeholder involvement and public awareness.

Project EU-FP7 PERSEUS Policy oriented environmental research in the southern European Seas - PERSEUS, www.perseus-net.eu Grant agreement no: 287600;

Project duration: 1.01.2012 – 31.12.2015;

PERSEUS project co-financing is provided by the Executive Unit for Financing Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation - UEFISCDI under PN II Programme: Capacity, Subprogram: Module III - Projects to support Romania's participation in international research projects - FP7.

54 partners: Leading research Institutes and SMEs from EU Member States, Associated States, Associated Candidate countries, non-EU Mediterranean and Black Sea countries, will join forces in a coordinated manner, in order to address common environmental pressures, and ultimately, take action in the challenge of achieving GES. The overall scientific objectives of PERSEUS are to identify the interacting patterns of natural and human- derived pressures on the Mediterranean and Black Seas, assess their impact on marine ecosystems and, using the objectives and principles of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive as a vehicle, to design an effective and innovative research governance framework based on sound scientific knowledge.

EU – FP7 Project Options for Delivering Ecosystem-based Marine Management – ODEMM Contract no. 244273

The main goal is to develop a complete coastal management which will be in line with the objectives of the Marine Strategy Working Directive, blue book of the European Commission and the Integrated Guidelines Marine Policy. The key objective is to develop operational procedures based on science that will gradually shift from the current fragmented management system to those integrated one. Partners: 16

Baltic2Black Environmental Monitoring of the Black Sea for nutrients (BSC Project) The Baltic2Black is the tree-years project funded by the European Commission, which main objective is to promote measures to facilitate delivery of Black Sea Commission integrated regional monitoring and assessment products, with focus on nutrient pollution and eutrophication, through transfer of related existing best practices from other regions, in particular the Baltic Sea. The project is implemented jointly by the Black Sea Commission (BSC) and Helsinki Commission (HELCOM). Eutrophication/nutrient-enrichment is recognized as one of the major threats to the marine environment of the Black Sea in the Strategic Action Plan (SAP) for the Rehabilitation and Protection of the Black Sea. The monitoring of nutrients is important part of the regional environmental monitoring, which is carried out in framework of the Black Sea Integrated Monitoring and Assessment Programme (BSIMAP), implemented by the Black Sea Commission since 2001. The project includes following activities:  Development of the online version of the Regional Database on Pollution  Assessment of eutrophication parameters and analysis of status of data collection/reporting/use  Elaboration of the Black Sea reference and target concentration levels of eutrophication parameters  Elaboration of a regional methodology on identification of water quality classes for eutrophication  Enhanced use of satellite observations for monitoring of eutrophication  Feasibility on usage of automated systems for monitoring of eutrophication parameters in Black Sea region  Initial stages of setting up a modelling tool, linking background pollutants triggering eutrophication in the Black Sea with requirements, set by the Black Sea Commission, for reducing input of nutrients, including riverine loads  Transfer of best practices from HELCOM to BSC on eutrophication monitoring and assessments

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 Organising of a series of seminars and workshops for knowledge transfer

One of key proposal from the workshop was to set up longer-term scientific collaboration between the two regions that would deal not only with the nutrient reduction scheme and ecosystem modelling. The workshop also elaborated proposals for further work to be brought to attention of the Black Sea Commission, among which are recommendations to make the work of BSC more transparent by sharing data and country reports to scientists and public and consider experience of HELCOM in environmental monitoring for better implementing of BSIMAP for period 2011-2016.

TURKEY

General Project Studies

In transposition of the WFD and other environment-related EU Directives into national legislation, TR initiated a chain of projects. Aims, scopes, study areas, and time intervals of these projects are summarized below.

1stGroup Projects

Determination and Classification of the Quality Levels of the Seas and Coastal Waters Project (DeKoS) (2011-2014)

Project on Control of Dangerous Substances (TMKK) (2011-2013)

Detection of Hazardous Materials in Turkey’s Coastal and Transitional Waters and Ecological Coastal Dynamics Project (KIYITEMA) (2012-2014)

Detection of Water Pollution Caused by the Use of Plant Preservation Products and Determination of

Environmental Quality Standards on a Material or a Material Group Basis(BiKoP) (2012-2014)

Science and Policy Integration for Coastal System Assessment (SPICOSA)

2nd Group Projects

Integrated Pollution Monitoring Projects

Urban Wastewater Management Along Coastal Areas Of Turkey (SINHA)

Basin ConservationAction Plans (HKEP)

Determinaton of Water Quality Targets and Sensitive Areasin Terms of Basins in Turkey (HHAP)

Emergency Response Centers Feasibility Project (AMM)

Determination of Swimming Water Zone Profiles and Wastewater Management in Tourism Project (YÜTAY) (2012-2014)

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Determination of Specific Pollutants in Coastal/Transitional Waters and Ecological Coastal Dynamics in Turkey (KIYITEMA) (2012-2014)

rd 3 Group Projects

National Action Plan for LBS Pollution (2004-2005)

The National Action Plan on Waste Management (ÇŞB) (2008-2012)

The National Action Plan on Wastewater Treatment (ÇŞB) (2008-2012)

Urban Wastewater Management Along Coastal Areas of Turkey: Reidentificatıon of Hot Spots & Sensitive Areas, Determination Of Assimilation Capacities by Monitoring and Modeling and

Development of Sustainable Urban Wastewater Investment Plans (2010-2011)

EU Twinning Project on water quality monitoring (ÇŞB ve EU) (2011-2013)

EU Integrated Environmental Approximation Strategy (UÇES) (2007-2023) (ÇŞB)

Environmental Noise Action Plan (2009-2020) (ÇŞB)

Figure 46. Completed / Ongoing Projects Targeting the Application of the WFD (and related Directives of EU) in Turkey

1st Group of Projects

 Determination and Classification of the Quality Levels of the Seas and Coastal Waters Project (DeKoS)

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Supporting Institution Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning, General Directorate of Environmental Management

Project Manager Establishment TUBITAK MRC, Environment and Cleaner Production Institute

Project Start – End Dates 2011 – 2014

DeKoS targeted to support the WFD and MSFD implementation in Turkey. The Project covered all TR seas - Black Sea, Marmara Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and the Aegean Sea.

The Project workplan included 9 main packages. They covered the folloiwng activities: bibliography search, data/information collection and organization of additional monitoring activities (as per gaps identified), development of pollution maps for the coasts of Turkey, evaluation of discharge criteria and management plans to propose revisions, evaluation of good environmental status for marine waters and determination of environmental targets in accordance with the MSFD, determination and proposal of necessary legal steps in accordance with the WFD and MSFD requirements, proposals for the necessary institutional framework and infrastructure developments to ensure WFD and MSFD implementation in TR, and capacity building and dissemination activities.

 Project on Control of Dangerous Substances (TMKK)

Republic of Turkey Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs, General Supporting Institution Directorate of Water Management

Project Manager Establishment IO Environmental Solutions

Project Start – End Dates 2011 – 2013

This Project worked to improve the prevention of pollution caused by dangerous substances. Both environmental quality standards and discharge standards were attended. Pollutants in industrial and municipal waters were studied and an industry-based inventory of hazardous substances was prepared. Pilot basins: Ergene Basin, Susurluk Basin, and Konya Closed Basin.

 Detection of Water Pollution Caused by the Use of Plant Preservation Products and Determination of Environmental Quality Standards on a Material or a Material Group Basis (BiKoP)

Republic of Turkey Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs, General Supporting Institution Directorate of Water Management

Project Manager Establishment TUBITAK MRC, Environment and Cleaner Production Institute

Project Start – End Dates 2012 – 2014

The project studied agriculture-generated pollutants in mainland surface waters and coastal waters located in the pilot river basins of the Aegean (Büyük Menderes Water Basin), Eastern Mediterranean (Çukurova-Seyhan

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Water Basin), and South-Eastern Anatolian (Fırat-Dicle Water Basin) regions, where agricultural activities are high. The project determined Environmental Quality Standards for substances used in crops protection.

 Integrated Pollution Monitoring (IPM) Projects

Urban Planning of T.R. – Directorate General of Environmental Supporting Institution Management

The project manager is determined by tender every year by the Project Manager Establishment Ministry

Marmara Sea Managing TUBITAK MRC, Environment and Cleaner Production Institute Establishment:

Aegean – Mediterranean Sea Derinsu Sualtı Mühendislik ve Danışmanlık Ltd. Şti. Managing Establishment:

Black Sea Managing Establishment: TUBITAK MRC, Environment and Cleaner Production Institute

Project Start – End Dates 2015 – ongoing (initial phase was in 2011-2012)

The project aims at: 1. Study transitional, coastal, and marine waters; 2. To determine and classify water bodies; 3. Prepare monitoring programmes in line with the WFD and MSFD.

The National Monitoring Strategy, which served as the basis of the Integrated Pollution Monitoring in the Marine Environments Projects, was prepared under the SINHA Project (Urban Wastewater Management Along Coastal Areas Of Turkey, see below for details). Integrated coast and sea monitoring studies were initially designed based on the coastal water categories (3 categories: Sensitive Areas, Less Sensitive Areas, and Grey Areas), which are defined in the TR Urban Wastewater Processing Regulation (KAAY) – Sensitive and Less Sensitive Areas Notice (2009). Later the 106G124 TARAL-1007 Project distinguished 4 categories - Sensitive Areas, Potentially Sensitive Areas, Less Sensitive Areas, and Grey Areas. These categories are currently taken into consideration in preparation of monitoring programmes.

Within the context of the IPM projects, monitoring studies were and are carried out at 66 stations in the Marmara Sea, at 52 stations in the Aegean Sea, at 34 stations in the Mediterranean Sea, and at 70 stations in the Black Sea. The parameters are: physic-chemical, ecological, and chemical (pollutants). Temperature, conductivity (salinity), turbidity, dissolved oxygen and oxygen saturation, total phosphorus, dissolved inorganic phosphorus, total inorganic nitrogen (total of nitrate + nitrite nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen), silicate, and chlorophyll-a were identified as physiochemical parameters. The parameters determining the ecological status are phytoplankton, zooplankton, macro flora, zoobenthos, and demersal fish biodiversity.

 Urban Wastewater Management along Coastal Areas of Turkey: Reidentification of Hot Spots & Sensitive Areas, Determination Of Assimilation Capacities by Monitoring and Modelling and Development of Sustainable Urban Wastewater Investment Plans (SINHA)

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Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning, Supporting Institution General Directorate of Environmental Management

Project Manager Establishment TUBITAK MRC, Environment and Cleaner Production Institute

ODTÜ Institute of Marine Sciences - Project Manager Institutions DEÜ Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies

Project Start – End Dates 2010 – 2011

The SINHA Project main activities:

 Environment Monitoring Studies;  Hot Spots and Sensitive Areas determination studies in Turkey’s Coastal Areas in implementation of International Conventions (Bucharest and Barcelona) and the TR Urban Waste Water Processing Regulation;  Preparation of Urban Waste Water Processing Investment Plans.

Main objective: pollution prevention.

The SINHA Project was one of the few integrated projects where land-based pollution sources and the effects of these sources on the receiving environment were handled together.

 Basin Conservation Action Plans (HKEP) Republic of Turkey Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs, General Supporting Institution Directorate of Water Management

Project Manager Establishment TUBITAK MRC, Environment and Cleaner Production Institute

HKEP Project 1st Phase Start – End 2009 – 2011 Dates

HKEP Project 2nd Phase Start – End 2011 – 2013 Dates:

The Preparation of Basin Conservation Action Plans has been started by the Ministry of Forest and Water Affairs in 2009 with the purpose to develop river-basin management in TR. Initially, 25 hydrological river basins were identified considering their water quality, pollutant sources, protected areas, and drinking water resources. TUBITAK dealt with 11 river basins and prepared action plans by 2011.

For the remaining 14 basins, a protocol has been signed between the Ministry of Forest and Water Affairs of the T.R and the Presidency of TUBITAK at the end of 2011. By 2013/2014 this work was also accomplished.

This project created the basis for preparation of river-basin management plans in TR (for details on the process see: http://bs-hotspots.eu/Documents/Deliverables/Rivers%20Monitoring%20Report.pdf).

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 Determination of Water Quality Targets and Sensitive Areas in Terms of Basins in Turkey (HHAP) Republic of Turkey Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs, General Supporting Institution Directorate of Water Management

Project Manager Establishment TUBITAK MRC, Environment and Cleaner Production Institute

Project Start – End Dates: 2012 – (in progress)

The HHAP Project deals with determination of sensitive areas sensu the “Urban Waste Water Processing Regulation” of TR and the EU Urban Waste Water Directive, as well as the “Conservation of Waters Against Pollutions of Agricultural Origin Regulation” of TR and the EU Nitrate Directive.

Primarily,  Identification of water bodies in 25 water basins in Turkey with their pressures due to urban, industrial, and agricultural actives and determination of pollution loads in the studied basins,  Eutrophication-related studies, modelling,  Determination of sensitivity,  Determination of water quality objectives for the designated sensitive areas,  Review of water quality-related measures and recommendations on improvements.

 Implementation of Emergency Response Centers and Feasibility Studies for the Identification of Current Status in Various Seas of Turkey Project (AMM) Presidency of the TR - Under secretariat of Maritime Affairs Supporting Institution

Project Manager Establishment TUBITAK MRC, Environment and Cleaner Production Institute

Project Start – End Dates: 2006 – 2008

The Project developed emergency response centers in implementation of several Conventions:

International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation (OPRC), Bucharest Convention, Barcelona Convention, strengthening the TR capacity to respond to emergencies and manage oil and other pollution.

Within the framework of the Regional and National Emergency Response Plans, the project undertook:

 Determination of the most suitable areas, vehicles, materials, and personnel for the establishment of emergency response centers, which will respond to marine pollutions caused by petroleum and other harmful substances,  Determination of the most suitable methods and relevant training methodologies for pollution response,  Determination of the sensitivity levels of marine environments and coasts in case of pollution,  Identification of preventive measures to be taken during emergencies,

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 Preparation of a database which includes the effects of pollutants in the marine environment (in support of decision-making to increase the efficiency in emergency response).

 Determination of Swimming Water Zone Profiles and Wastewater Management in Tourism Project (YÜTAY)

Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning, Supporting Institution General Directorate of Environmental Management

Project Manager Establishment TUBITAK MRC, Environment and Cleaner Production Institute

Project Start – End Dates: 2012- 2014

YÜTAY Project has been supported by the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning (General Directorate of Environmental Management) and coordinated by TUBITAK MRC. The aim of the project is to determine the bathing water profiles with the purpose of understanding and management of the risks in the marine and coastal waters used for swimming purposes, and to generalize waste water reclamation applications in the touristic establishments along with the implementation of a methodology model regarding the elimination of waste waters at their sources in accordance with the “Bathing Water Quality Regulation”. This regulation came into effect after being announced in Official Gazette No: 26048, dated 01/09/2006, and rendered compatible with the 76/160/EEC “Bathing Water Quality” EU Directive.

Outputs/results of the YÜTAY Project are summarized below:

 Profile reports and profile maps for the swimming water areas  Pollution levels and measures programme of the swimming water areas  Swimming water monitoring programme  Evaluation and classification of swimming water qualities  A management model for the reclamation and recycling of waste waters (grey, brown, and yellow water) discharged from the touristic establishments and the collection of rain waters for utilization  A waste water reclamation technologies Application Project for the pilot touristic establishments,  Manuals and guidance documents regarding the utilization of rain waters and the reclamation of waste waters

 Determination of Specific Pollutants in Coastal/Transitional Waters and Ecological Coastal Dynamics in Turkey According to the WFD, Member States should implement measures necessary to prevent or limit the input of pollutants into water bodies. The pollutants are defined as priority substances and specific pollutants in the WFD. Priority substances were determined for the first time by the 2455/2001/EC Council Directive; then, revised according to the 2011/0429(COD) Proposal. The proposed list composed of 48 chemical substances which should be monitored by Member States each year. On the other hand, specific pollutants can be national, regional or river basin pollutants identified as being discharged in significant quantities into national water bodies. WFD requires that Member States identify and develop standards for specific pollutants. Many EU countries have determined their specific pollutants in the context of WFD and monitor these pollutants in the aquatic environment periodically. In the EU harmonization process of Turkey, the pollution caused by discharge of specific pollutants to coastal/transitional waters should have been detected and necessary measures should have been identified and implemented in order to achieve good water quality. In this

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context, the national project “Determination of Specific Pollutants in Coastal/Transitional Waters and Ecological Coastal Dynamics in Turkey” has been initiated (Ministry of Env./TUBITAK). The purpose of this project is the identification of specific pollutants discharged directly into TR coastal/transitional waters during urban/industrial activities, and the determination of environmental quality standards (EQSs) and corresponding emission limit values (ELVs). Initially, “list-based approach” was used to establish the list of polluting substances of concern that might be considered as specific pollutants covered by existing national/international Regulations/conventions, Turkey’s Chemical Inventory Information System, BREF documents and sectorial capacity reports. Afterwards, specific pollutants were screened through a three- step process by taking into account hazard classifications (risk), persistency-bioaccumulation-toxicity (PBT) characteristics and expert judgement. Finally, the chemicals were ranked by three different risk-based prioritization processes in terms of chemical hazards and environmental exposures; then, candidate specific pollutants in coastal/transitional waters were identified (to be reviewed according to regularly collected monitoring data at each cycle of the WFD implementation). EQSs and corresponding ELVs were determined for each specific pollutant.

 Science and Policy Integration for Coastal System Assessment (SPICOSA – European Commission 6th Framework Programme integrated Project) Republic of Turkey Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs, General Supporting Institution Directorate of Water Management

Contributing Establishment TUBITAK MRC, Environment and Cleaner Production Institute

Project Start – End Dates 2007 – 2011

SPICOSA aimed to develop and test a self-evolving, holistic research approach for the assessment of policy options for the sustainable management of Coastal Zone (CZ) systems. It is thus of high relevance to Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) and other related European policies.

The methodological product of the project is called the Systems Approach Framework (SAF). It is based on an adaptation of the Systems Approach that incorporates the ecological, social and economic dimensions of the coastal zones together with emerging concepts on system complexity. The SAF is designed to be readily updateable, to provide an accumulative knowledge base for wider and more complex applications, and to contribute to a growing understanding of the options and actions necessary for the transition to sustainable development.

UKRAINE

The national projects in UA are as follows:

UkrSCES (MENR funding)

The projects enlisted below do not have a monitoring of the Black Sea component included, however, they deal with issues related to it.

 Development of information systems and databases: indicators of the quality of natural resources of the Black and Azov Seas 2008-2013;

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 Preparation of sections for "National Report on the State Protection of Ukraine (marine environment) 2006 -2012;  Assessment of the marine ecosystem of the Odessa coast 2006-2015;  Development of the concept of conservation, restoration and related management of biologically resources of the Zernov’s Phillophora Field, Small Phyllophora Field in Karkinitsky Bay;  Development of computer systems analysis of environmental effects of industrial accidents in offshore waters 2009-2014;  The influence of climatic and anthropogenic factors on the process of eutrophication of waters of the North- Western Black Sea shelf 2011;  Developing interactive mapping service applications of marine nature management, 2010 – 2015;  National scientific program “Assessment, diagnosis and prognosis of the environment of the Black and Azov Seas” 2008-2013.

IBSS (with funding from budget of National Academy of Science of Ukraine)  Study of variability of sinecological relationships in marine and oceanic ecosystems (01.01.2013);  Development of bases of radiochemoecology of the Black Sea hydrogen sulphide zone (01.01.2013);  Environmental component in the integrated coastal zones management in the Azov-Black Sea basin (01.01.2013);  Principles of operation and adaptation of biological systems under conditions of biotic and abiotic factors (01.01.2012);  Comprehensive assessment of biological resources and marine environment of the Black Sea using modern radiochemoecological, biological and information technologies (01.04.2013).

MHI (with funding from budget of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, "Fundamental Oceanography") . Interdisciplinary studies oceanological processes governing the state and evolution of the Black Sea and Azov Sea ecosystems by applying up-to-date methods of monitoring and grid-technologies. Resolution of the Branch of Geosciences of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, No. 7, § 43, June 08, 2010. 2011 – 2015; . Marine Program (Former "Expeditions"): Integrated system of monitoring of hydrophysical and other abiotic parameters. Resolution of the Presidium of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, No. 200, March 29, 2013. 2013 – 2015; . "Polygon 2" Monitoring of the state of coastal ecosystems at the Black Sea satellite test area. Grant agreement with the State agency for science, innovation and informatization of Ukraine, M/281-2013, June 18, 2013.

ONU (with funding from budget of Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine)

 Zmiinyi 2013: Assessment of long-term changes and development of recommendations for stabilization of ecological state of coastal waters and for stopping of destruction of Zmiinyi Island coasts (2013-2014);  Dniester 2013: Assess the impact of agriculture activity and fires on ecosystems of Dniester Delta and on emission of green-house gases in atmosphere.

UHMI (with funding from budget of Hydromet Service of Ukraine)

 Development of Information Technology of Hydrometeorogical Monitoring of Black and Azov Seas (2012-2014);  Improvement of regional Models for forecasting dynamic processes in Azov-Black Seas basins (2012- 2014);  Study of current state and forecasting of marine waters and aerosols pollution in Ukrainian parts of the Black and Azov Seas (2012-2014).

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The international projects in UA are the same specified by Romania for the FP7 Programme. There are also a number of projects financed by other programmes of EC (JOP Black Sea, EC DG Mare and EC DG DEVCO or EEA).

VIII. Gaps, missing monitoring requirements, recommendations

In all beneficiary countries land-based pressures are defined as part of pollution sources monitoring programs. These programmes are rather well financed and implemented. However, the methods and results of the pressures monitoring programs are seldom coordinated with, or used in the ambient monitoring programs in the same areas. Hence, impacts are poorly related to pressures, and especially scarce is the knowledge on cumulative effects. Networking of institutions controlling pressures with those which deal with state and impacts observed in the Black Sea is crucial, yet obviously absent in the beneficiary countries, except in Bulgaria and Romania, where the WFD governs the monitoring programs. However, even the WFD-related monitoring covers only to a certain extend the needs of assessments where LBSs are well ‘connected’ to the impacts they create. In all BS countries, the so called ‘mixing zones’ around LBSs are in need for better monitoring to trace the gradients of pressures and impacts.

Despite the existence of BSIMAP and BSIS, there is no real harmonization of monitoring (any kind) in the BS region. The standards used are also not harmonised. The LBS component of BSIMAP can be substantially improved through specifying clear requirements to LBS governmental control and self-monitoring. Both types of monitoring are in need for regional agreement on parameters observed and frequencies of sampling. In BSIMAP, actually, there is a List of LBS parameters, according to which the BS coastal states annually report on their HotSpots and rivers to the BSC. However, this List is rather outdated, and it also needs to be better matched with the reporting under the PMA component of BSIMAP.

Monthly monitoring (minimum) is recommendable for LBS discharges, uniting the efforts of the state control with self-monitoring.

For each country specific gaps are further outlined and recommendations are given.

1. Municipal and industrial sources of pollution

BULGARIA

In BG, state and self-monitoring to trace municipal and industrial sources of pollution are well developed. The main players in the monitoring system are specified in the national legislation. The role and responsibilities of each of the participants in the monitoring process are clear in the whole, there are closed cycles corresponding to the required steps for design, approval, putting in force, implementation of a monitoring program and reporting of data. Probably one of the best achievements of the current legislative and institutional framework is the concentration of roles and responsibilities for the whole LBS management cycle into one (for each basin region) institution: the basin directorate. There is concentration of information and data flows into BD respectively.

The main discrepancy which exists is between the pressures and impacts monitoring. There is a need to design a monitoring program, a new one, where first the objectives and expected results shall be clearly defined and then the relevant monitoring factsheets shall be developed. It needs also to be taken into account that further development of monitoring programs requires a lot of financial resources, capacity building/equipment, software provision for the collected data management and increase in the staff of the BD, NIMH, ExEA (Regional laboratories), and of other organizations to be involved.

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In LBS monitoring, BG needs to consider cumulative effects, so far they are not taken into consideration.

In Regulation N 1 art. 62 it is written that BDs plan the monitoring of the wastewater but no further instructions are given. It is unclear how this is approached, what criteria for frequency and choice of parameters are applied? There are no criteria also for planning of the monitoring, which is carried out by the National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology. It is said that the Institute proposes monitoring programs, however, it is not clear to whom? Obviously, this occurs as a proposal to the Minister of Environment and Waters whose obligations according to art. 101 par. 2, p. 2 include coordination of the monitoring implementation at national and basin level. A possibility for coordination at the basin level itself (i.e. BSBD and regional branches) would improve the quality of monitoring planning process. Further clarification in the normative documents is desirable.

There is a requirement monitoring programs to be planned in a way that data gathered as a result of their implementation would allow for an acceptable level of confidence and precision of the assessments produced (Regulation 1, art. 11 par. 4: only for frequency and not for the number of monitoring points). There are no such rules (on precision of assessments) in the BG legislative documents, and there is no responsible institution for elaboration of such rules, or requirements concerning the type of the document that should contain the rules (e.g. ministerial order or method or instructions). A good option for managing the gap is the application of art. 135 par. 2 and 3 of the Water Act. The article requires CIS WFD guidance documents to be adapted for local Bulgarian conditions by the scientific institutions.

Other gaps encountered are:

. No available national methodology for calculation of mass loads of wastewater discharges from point sources of pollution (requirement of Art. 187, paragraph 2, point 7 from the Water Act); . No available national methodology for determination of hot sports from point land based sources of pollution. . No available national methodology for determination of diffuse pollution - from agriculture, air and transport; . No available national methodology for inventory of emissions, discharges and losses of priority substances and pollutants; . No available methodologies for designation of mixing zones adjacent to points of discharge.

Recommendations

Apart from addressing the gaps specified above, a general recommendation is given further:

Bulgaria needs better planning and implementation of the monitoring programmes. More financial and human resources are needed to gather the data and information, which would allow to properly assess the pressures and related impacts in the environment, and respectively improve the management of environment protection basing it on the ecosystem approach.

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GEORGIA

In Georgia the monitoring of LBSs and ambient environment is poorly specified in the country’s legal and policy documents. There is no specific national monitoring programme, which would be integrated, complex and regularly implemented. Major impediments lay also in the lack of sufficient funding, poor capacity building, and outdated equipment. There is a need to harmonise the monitoring with the rest of the countries in the region, especially with BG and RO. The frequency of observations is low, as well as the geographical coverage. Modern methods are hardly applied, except in some of the private laboratories.

Development of specific legal/policy documents regarding environmental monitoring is very important for the LBS and ambient monitoring in Georgia. About 100 hydropower stations are planned in Georgia for construction, they will have a negative impact on the Black Sea rivers basin, hence, on the Black Sea itself. Industrial and municipal sources of pollution are in need for better control and relevant measures. Self-monitoring and the ‘polluter-pays’ principle need to be employed to ensure LBSs of pollution are properly managed. The monitoring of the ambient environment needs to be developed in compliance with modern requirements, taking into consideration the practices of the WFD and MSFD.

ROMANIA

In the RO BS region, because of relief conditions, in the proximity to the Black Sea and the Danube Delta (which is a biosphere reserve) a few human activities have been developed, mainly in agriculture and trade. Industrial activities are less developed along the RO coast and they have led to only a minor degradation of the environment (from pollution point of view).

As well known, most serious factor is the Danube River itself, which carries the pollution created by many European countries. Besides, the damming of the Danube has led to changes in the sediment flow of the river, which in turn has caused serious erosion of beaches.

Thus, the region faces a number of issues concerning environmental protection: marine local pollution (industrial chemicals or pesticides and chemical fertilizers), pollution/eutrophication caused by the Danube River, and beach erosion.

The perspectives are so far optimistic, RO manages LBSs through environmental permits, regular monitoring of quality indicators of the environment, measures to limit national emissions to air, water, soil, or through the implementation of specific programmes, e.g. the air quality management programs in the Constanta city and Medgidia village in the period 2010-2014, inter alia.

The Seventh Report on the implementation of the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive 91/271/EEC, published in 2011/2012 (actually, the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) has published two reports42 on analyzing and reducing pollutant loads through the implementation of several EU policies, including the Water Framework Directive, the Nitrates Directive and the Urban Wastewater treatment Directive) contains information for the past (1985-2005), presented pollution loads and expected reductions (until 2020, reference year 2005) in the EU countries. The RO national pollution loads were reported with a decreasing trend.

However, the implementation of the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive could lead (in the first stage) to an increase in emissions from point sources due to previously uncollected wastewaters, especially in the lower Danube basin. This is due to the fact that small agglomerations without sewerage collection would get a better collection and organize wastewater discharges resulting in new point sources which did not exist before.

42 http://bookshop.europa.eu/ro/scenario-analysis-of-pollutants-loads-to-european-regional-seas-for-the-year-2020-pbLBNA25159/ și http://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/111111111/15938/1/lbna24726enc.pdf.

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An important factor is the recovery of costs by water users and the implementation of the "polluter pays" principle under the Water Framework Directive (WFD). Presently, the recoveries are slow and insufficient in most cases.

Romania should better comply with the requirements of the WFD in relation to the establishment of water pricing, which Romania must meet in the future EU cohesion policy (2014-2020) to ensure its projects in the water sector are being financed.

Major Gaps identified are:

. Insufficient sharing of data between organizations; . No available national methodology for determination of hot sports from point land based sources of pollution.

TURKEY

There are very limited monitoring activities which do not match the requirements of the WFD, MSFD, UWWT Directives and other European, regional and global agreements in the field of LBS management.

Major Gaps identified are:

. Unclear distribution of responsibilities in the monitoring activities, . Insufficient sharing of data between organizations, . Lack of indicators for the assessments based on monitoring studies, hence, poorly developed indicator- based reporting to decision-makers, . Unavailable database to compile monitoring data and no tools to properly manage them, . Authority for water management - numerous institutions, conflict of competence is in place, . Lack of coordination, . Duplication in Monitoring studies, lack of standardization, . Lack of monitoring network, . Lack of qualified personnel and equipment working in the field of monitoring.

Other gaps are:

 No continuity of monitoring activity,  Lack of stability and funding,  Need for institutional authority and well specified institutional framework, as a whole,  Conflicts among authorities regarding environmental affairs responsibilities.

UKRAINE

Monitoring system is not perfect in Ukraine and this was recognized at the national level. For improvement of the situation, a draft Concept on reformation of the state environmental monitoring system was developed; currently discussion process is ongoing (http://menr.gov.ua/index.php/public/discussion/2167-proekt-rozporiadzhennia- kabinetu-ministriv-ukrainy-pro-skhvalennia-kontseptsii-reformuvannia-derzhavnoi-systemy-monitorynhu- dovkillia). In particular, the gaps and problems are identified and ways to address them are developed. Also key directions for the reformation process are identified at the national level.

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The key gaps and problems of the monitoring system are:

. Organizational imperfection of the monitoring system and poor technical basis (obsolete equipment and instruments) of the monitoring network (both in environmental and LBS monitoring programmes); . Poor financing for the maintenance and operation of monitoring system; . Poor planning and coordination of activities, performed by various monitoring bodies; institutional (not common or unified) character of observations (both in environment and LBS monitoring); . Partial compliance of normative-technical and legislation provisions of the LBS monitoring system to modern requirements; . No available national methodology (approved at national level) for determination of HSs from point land based sources of pollution; . There is no integral assessment of LBS impact on the environment.

Key directions for reformation of the state monitoring system:

. Optimization of existing organizational-information structure of the monitoring system; . Development of common/unified monitoring network or better coordination among various monitoring bodies; . Technical up-grade of monitoring system; step-by-step transfer to real-time monitoring equipment and instruments; . Transfer from agency/institutional monitoring and assessment of the state of environment into national integrated assessment of natural resources and impact from pollutions sources; . Fulfillment of international obligations on monitoring and provision of information to various stakeholders and end-users; . Ensure better data processing and generation of data products in support of decision-making.

For improvement of the monitoring system which will meet national informational needs and will be harmonized with European requirements, it is necessary to perform the following:

. To revise and up-date organization-structural scheme for information provision, taking into account European models on reporting on environmental data; . To develop state register for the monitoring system; . To perform optimization of institutional monitoring networks and to develop a national monitoring network (not to forget of course the needed regional and global dimensions in it having in mind the reporting obligations of Ukraine to various international agreements in the field of environmental protection); . To introduce European standards on monitoring activities.

The following recommendations are developed under the BLACK SEA HOT project:

. to study European practices and experience on HSs/LBSs management and monitoring (i.e. legislation, infrastructure, types and procedures of monitoring, communication and interaction among bodies and entities, dealing with HSs/LBSs monitoring and management, etc.) and use them during the development of the HSs Methodology and HSs Data Base; . during the development of the HSs Data Base it is necessary to include all parameters from existing data bases, such approach will ensure that the developed HSs Data Base will be widely used by various stakeholders and end-users; . to develop recommendations on the strengthening the responsibilities of polluters at national level; . to develop recommendations on improvement of the existing UA monitoring system at all levels (national, regional/oblast and local) through its harmonization with European monitoring systems.

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2. Rivers

Full review of national rivers monitoring programs and methods for calculation of riverine loads as well as recommendations on required improvements/harmonization are provided in the HBS Project Report on Rivers Monitoring, see: http://bs-hotspots.eu/Documents/Deliverables/Rivers%20Monitoring%20Report.pdf.

3. Ambient monitoring (relating pressures with impacts, areas at risk)

In all beneficiary countries, large number of monitoring programmes falls into the category of ‘ambient monitoring’. However, the data/information collected as a result of various observations are not centrally collated in none of the BS countries.

Eco-toxicological monitoring (toxicity testing) is not a stage of the licensing process (permits issue), though it is relevant in the context of LBS management. Scientific monitoring programmes for the purposes of research (investigative and diagnostic monitoring which aim to establish new areas at risk and pressures/impacts relations) are often isolated and do not necessarily follow the standardised protocols associated with policy- related monitoring (in support of decision-making, in other words).

The main gaps in ambient monitoring are further presented in detail.

BULGARIA

In the Tables below, the colours introduced mean: red = YES, greenish = NO; yellow – partly ‘YES” (Yesp) (for availability of data). The abbreviations used in the Tables below are as follows:

. Ministry of Environment and Water - MoEW . Institute of Oceanology, Bulgarian Academy of Science (Varna) - IO-BAS . Executive Agency Maritime Administration - EAMA . Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Science - IBER . National Agency for Fishery and Aquaculture - NAFA . National Institute for Hydrometeorology - NIMH . Regional Health Inspectorate –RHI . Institute of Fishing Resources - IFR

Table 61. Pressures and impacts (cross-check)43 in Bulgaria

Pressure theme Pressure Impact on Organizations involved in monitoring/data collection (Yes or No for each parameter) MoE IO- EAM IBE NAF NIM RHI IFR W BAS A R A H Physical damage Siltation Seabed habitats No No No No No No No No Erosion44 No Yesp No No No No No No Interference with Thermal regime Functional groups No No No No No No No No

43 The Table is similar to Table 2 from the EC document: Guidance for 2012 reporting under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, however covers broader scale impacts under certain pressures as seen being possible in the Black Sea. 44As related to the change in sedimentation flow of Black Sea rivers.

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Pressure theme Pressure Impact on Organizations involved in monitoring/data collection (Yes or No for each parameter) MoE IO- EAM IBE NAF NIM RHI IFR W BAS A R A H hydrological change andSeabed habitats habitats (water processes Salinity regime column and seabed) No No No No No No No No change Contamination by Synthetic Pelagic and seabed No No No Yes No No No No hazardous substances compounds habitats, functional Non-synthetic groups, seafood No No No Yes No No No No substances Radionuclides No No No No No No No No Systematic and/or Other substances Seabed habitats, No No No Yes No No No No intentional release of functional groups substances Nutrient and organic Nutrients Water column and No Yes No Yes No No No Yes matter enrichment Organic matter seabed habitats, No Yes No Yes No No No No species, functional groups, ecosystems Biological disturbance Microbial Safety of food (fish No No No No No No Yes No pathogens and other seafood), bathing water quality

The Table below demonstrates how in BG the effects of nutrient enrichment, changes in hydrographical conditions and input of contaminants are studied at present.

Table 62. Availability of data in Bulgaria to assess priority impacts of LBSs

Note: The indicators chosen are those, which are widely used in the BS region and are also recommended by the WFD and MSFD of EC. They are applied for the investigation in all beneficiary countries.

Indicators Organizations involved in monitoring/data collection (Yes/No for each parameter and organization) MoEW IO- EAM IBER NAF NIMH RHI IFR BAS A A Problem: Nutrient enrichment/eutrophication in the Black Sea Level of nutrients Nutrient loads No Yes No No No No No No (P)45 Nutrients concentration in the water column Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yesp

Nutrients in sediments No No No No No No No No

Nutrients ratio: Deviate from normal proportion of nutrient No Yes No Yes No No No No ratios (Si:N:P) (e.g. Si is reduced in relation to other nutrients) Primary symptoms or directs effects of eutrophication Chlorophyll (concentration, spatial areas of high No Yes No Yes No No No Yes46 concentrations) Water transparency No Yes No Yes No No No Yes47 Algal community structure - Abundance/Increase of No Yes No Yes No No No Yes opportunistic macroalgae (e.g. can form blankets over the natural flora and suffocate benthic animals) Species shift in floristic composition No Yesp No Yesp No No No Yes Primary production No No No Yes No No No No

45The Data are not collected by the organization but received from other sources 46Derived by CTD, not very reliable 47Secchi Disc

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Indicators Organizations involved in monitoring/data collection (Yes/No for each parameter and organization) MoEW IO- EAM IBER NAF NIMH RHI IFR BAS A A (LD48) Nuisance / toxic algal blooms No Yes No No No No No Yes Submerged aquatic vegetation - spatial coverage and No No No Yes No No No No density of beds (GL) 49 Secondary symptoms or indirect effects of eutrophication Abundance/Decrease in perennial seaweeds and No Yes No Yes No No No Yesp seagrasses Dissolved oxygen Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Benthos - diversity and proportion of sensitive vs. non- No Yes No Yes No No No Yesp sensitive species (e.g. P-R model) (GL/ 51 MPH) 50 Benthos / fish kills No No52 No No No No No No Problem: Permanent alteration of hydrographical conditions and effects in the Black Sea Spatial characterisation of permanent alterations No No No No No No No No Extent of area affected by permanent alterations No No No No No No No No Changes in sedimentation No No No No No No No No Impact of permanent hydrographical changes No No No No No No No No Spatial extent of benthic habitat affected by the permanent No No No No No No No No alteration Changes in benthic communities and or biomass production No Yes No No No No No Yes Extent of area with spatial or temporal hypoxia/anoxia No Yes53 No No No No No No Presence of benthic communities associated with low No No No No No No No No oxygen conditions Diversity and richness indices, based on species number No Yes No No No No No Yes and relative abundance in the benthic community Presence of particularly sensitive or tolerant species No Yes No No No No No Yes Changes in habitat functions due to altered hydrographical No Yesp No No No No No No conditions (e.g. changes in areas for fish/mammals reproduction (spawning areas, breeding), nursery and feeding areas and migration routes of fish, birds and mammals) Problem: Chemical pollution Contaminants in Black Sea water, sediment and biota, effects Concentrations of contaminants in water, sediments and Yes Yesp No Yesp No No No No biota (measured, where relevant, in the same matrix) 54 Biological effects on the elements of concerned ecosystems No No No No No No No No Occurrence and extent of acute pollution events Yes No No No No No No No Frequency of levels exceeding regulatory levels No No No No No No No No Numbers of contaminants for which exceeding levels have No No No No No No No No been detected Origin of contaminants (geological versus anthropogenic; No No No No No No No No local versus long distance)

The Table below shows the major gaps and uncertainties in knowledge related to causal chains of pressures/impacts. The greenish fields show those areas where impact is known to exist but not studied even qualitatively. By asterisk (*) the insufficiency of data is marked. Almost unknown are the impacts related to the following pressures: physical damage, thermal and salinity regime change, and contamination by hazardous

48LD – very limited data 49GL/MPH – geographically limited 50GL/MPH – means geographically limited and for macrophytobenthos only 51For diversity only 52No regular monitoring 53Doubtful information 54No for Biota

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substances, as demonstrated also in the Table (above). Worse known and poorly related to pressures are the impacts on macroalgae, seagrasses and mammals.

Table 63. Synthetic analysis of pressures and impacts (Bulgaria), (Note: the template is adopted from the PERSEUS Project with modifications)

1 2 3 4

Pressures

matter

fluxes

water

fresh

Impact on: sediment riverine

Changes and Nutrientsand organic enrichment Contamination hazardous by substances Physical damageof habitats A Plankton *

B Macroalgae * *

C Seagrass * *

D Zoobenthos * * *

F Fish * * * *

G Marine mammals

H Sea Birds * * *

* Low or very low data/information availability and lack of proper quantified assessments

Note: For B3, D3 and F3 eco-physiological effects are almost not known, as well as changes in the structures of the communities.

Intensity of the impact (based on their associated risk for biodiversity conservation)

High impact

Significant impact

Low impact

No impact

Existing interaction, but the impact has not been determined even qualitatively

Misread interaction, impact not determined

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GEORGIA

Abbreviations used: TSU – Iv.Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University; MTA – Maritime Transport Agency; GAMMA - Scientific research Firm GAMMA; ICFER - International Centre for Environmental Research; LIC – LTD “Laboratory Research Center”; NEA - National Environmental Agency, Fisheries and Black Sea Monitoring Centre; KNP – Kolkhida National Park; Tchaobi (or Chaobi) - Society for Conservation of Wild Nature “Tchaobi”; WEFRI - Water Ecology and Fisheries Research Institute

Table 64. Pressures and impacts (cross-check) in Georgia

Pressure theme Pressure Impact on Organizations involved in monitoring/data collection (Yes or No for each parameter) TSU MTA GA ICF LIC NEA KN Tch WE MM ER P aob FRI A i Physical damage Siltation Seabed habitats No No No No No No No Yes No

Erosion No No No No No No No Yes No

Interference with Thermal regime Functional groups No No No No No Yes No Yes No hydrological change and habitats (water processes Salinity regime column and No No No No No Yes No Yes No change seabed) Contamination by Synthetic Seabed habitats, No No No No No No No Yes No hazardous compounds functional groups, substances Non-synthetic seafood No No No No Yes No No Yes No substances ?? Radionuclides No No No No Yes No No Yes No ?? Systematic and/or Other Seabed habitats, No No No No Yes No No Yes No intentional release of substances functional groups ?? substances Nutrient and organic Nutrients Water column and No No No No No Yes No Yes No matter enrichment seabed habitats, Organic matter species, functional No No No No No No No Yes No groups, ecosystems Biological Microbial Safety of food (fish No No No No Yes Yes No Yes No disturbance pathogens and other seafood), bathing water quality Non-native Water column and No No No No No Yes No Yes No species and seabed habitats, translocations species, functional groups, ecosystems Extraction of Water column and No No No No No Yes No Yes Yes selected species seabed habitats, incl. non-target species, functional catches groups, ecosystems

The Table below demonstrates how in GE the effects of nutrient enrichment, changes in hydrographical conditions and input of contaminants are studied at present.

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Table 65. Availability of data in Georgia to assess priority impacts of LBS

Note: The data reported by GE institutions are collected in coastal waters only, the EEZ is not under monitoring activities. NGO Tchaobi and Kolkhida (Kolkheti) National Park collect data in wetlands only, but not in the Black Sea.

Note: Tchaobi reports on available data for Habitat of Kolkheti lowland and rare and endangered plant species of Kolkheti lowland, birds and macrophytes. Water Ecology and Fisheries Research Institute reports on availability of data on Fish Stocks and statistical data on fisheries in Georgian Black Sea coastal waters. Water Resources Management Service, Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources Protection of Georgia, does not report on data availability.

Indicators Organizations involved in monitoring/data collection (Yes/No for each parameter and organization) TSU MTA GAMMA ICFER LIC NEA KNP Tchaobi WEFRI Problem: Nutrient enrichment/eutrophication in the Black Sea Level of nutrients Nutrient loads No No No No No Yes No No No Nutrients concentration in the water Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No No column Nutrients in sediments No No No No No No No No No Nutrients ratio: Deviate from normal No No No No No No No No No proportion of nutrient ratios (Si:N:P) (e.g. Si is reduced in relation to other nutrients)

Chlorophyll (concentration, spatial areas of Yes No No No No Yes No No No high concentrations) Water transparency No No No No Yes Yes No No No Algal community structure - No No No No No Yes No No No Abundance/Increase of opportunistic macroalgae (e.g. can form blankets over the natural flora and suffocate benthic animals) Species shift in floristic composition No No No No No Yes No No No Primary production No No No No No No No No No Nuisance / toxic algal blooms No No No No No Yes No No No Submerged aquatic vegetation - spatial No No No No No No No No No coverage and density of beds

Abundance/Decrease in perennial No No No No No Yes No No No seaweeds and seagrasses Dissolved oxygen Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No No Benthos - diversity and proportion of No No No No No No No No No sensitive vs. non-sensitive species (e.g. P- R model) Benthos / fish kills No No No No No No No No No Problem: Permanent alteration of hydrographical conditions and effects in the Black Sea Spatial characterisation of permanent No No No No No No No No No alterations Extent of area affected by permanent No No No No No No No No No alterations Changes in sedimentation No No No No No No No No No Impact of permanent hydrographical No No No No No No No No No changes Spatial extent of benthic habitat affected No No No No No No No No No

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Indicators Organizations involved in monitoring/data collection (Yes/No for each parameter and organization) TSU MTA GAMMA ICFER LIC NEA KNP Tchaobi WEFRI by the permanent alteration Changes in benthic communities and or No No No No No No No No No biomass production Extent of area with spatial or temporal No No No No No No No No No hypoxia/anoxia Presence of benthic communities No No No No No No No No No associated with low oxygen conditions Diversity and richness indices, based on No No No No No No No No No species number and relative abundance in the benthic community Presence of particularly sensitive or No No No No No No No No No tolerant species Changes in habitat functions due to altered No No No No No No No No No hydrographical conditions (e.g. changes in areas for fish/mammals reproduction (spawning areas, breeding), nursery and feeding areas and migration routes of fish, birds and mammals) Problem: Chemical pollution Contaminants in Black Sea water, sediment and biota, effects Concentrations of contaminants in water, No No Yes No No No No No No sediments and biota (measured, where relevant, in the same matrix) Biological effects on the elements of No No No No No Yes No No No concerned ecosystems Occurrence and extent of acute pollution No No No No No No No No No events Frequency of levels exceeding regulatory No No No No No No No No No levels Numbers of contaminants for which No No No No No No No No No exceeding levels have been detected Origin of contaminants (geological versus No No No No No No No No No anthropogenic; local versus long distance)

Table 66. Synthetic analysis of pressures and impacts (Georgia), (Note: the template is adopted from the PERSEUS Project with modifications)

1 2 3 4

Pressures

matter

fluxes

water

fresh in

Impact on: sediment riverine

Changes and Nutrientsand organic enrichment Contamination hazardous by substances Physical damageof habitats A Plankton * * *

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1 2 3 4

Pressures

matter

fluxes

water

fresh in

Impact on: sediment riverine

Changes and Nutrientsand organic enrichment Contamination hazardous by substances Physical damageof habitats B Macroalgae and Seagrass * * * *

C Zoobenthos * * * *

D Fish * * * *

E Marine mammals * * * *

F Sea Birds * * * *

* Low or very low data/information availability and lack of proper quantified assessments

Intensity of the impact (based on their associated risk for biodiversity conservation)

High impact

Significant impact

Low impact

No impact

Existing interaction, but the impact has not been determined even qualitatively

Misread interaction, impact not determined

ROMANIA

In Romania, little is known about the impacts on biota related to contamination by hazardous substances, though the distribution of those substances are well studied in water and sediments, and during the last years in mussels as well. More studies are also needed to better understand how the thermal and salinity regime changes impact the biota, and which are the critical loads of nutrients and pollutants stemming from LBS.

The abbreviations used in the Table below are as follows: . National Institute for Marine Research and development ‘Grigore Antipa”, Constanta - NIMRD . National Research and Development Institute for Marine Geology and Geoecology - GeoEcoMar . Water Administration Dobrogea Litoral - DobLit . Constanta County Department of Public Health - CCDPH . Border Police General Inspectorate - BPGI . Naval Academy - NA

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Table 67. Pressures and impacts (cross-check) in Romania

Pressure theme Pressure Impact on Organizations involved in monitoring/data collection (Yes or No for each parameter) NIMRD GeoEcoMar DobLit CCDPH BPGI NA Physical damage Siltation Seabed habitats Yes Yes No No No No Erosion Yes Yes No No No No Interference with Thermal Functional groups and No Yes No No No No hydrological regime habitats (water column and processes change seabed) Salinity No Yes No No No No regime change Contamination by Synthetic Seabed habitats, Yes No No No No No hazardous compounds functional groups, seafood substances Non-synthetic Yes55 Yesp56 No No No No substances Radionuclides No No No No No No Systematic Other Seabed habitats, Yes No No No No No and/or intentional substances functional groups release of substances Nutrient and Nutrients Water column and seabed Yes Yes Yes No No No organic matter Organic habitats, species, Yes Yes Yes No No No enrichment matter functional groups, ecosystems Biological Microbial Safety of food (fish and Yes No No Yes No No disturbance pathogens other seafood), bathing water quality

Table 68. Availability of data in Romania to assess priority impacts of LBS

Indicators Organizations involved in monitoring/data collection (Yes/No for each parameter and organization) NIMRD GeoEcoMar DobLit Problem: Nutrient enrichment/eutrophication in the Black Sea Level of nutrients Nutrient loads Yes Yes Yes Nutrients concentration in the water column Yes Yes Yes Nutrients in sediments No No No Nutrients ratio: Deviate from normal proportion of nutrient ratios (Si:N:P) (e.g. Si Yes Yes No is reduced in relation to other nutrients) Primary symptoms or directs effects of eutrophication Chlorophyll (concentration, spatial areas of high concentrations) Yes Yes Yes Water transparency Yes Yes Yes Algal community structure - Abundance/Increase of opportunistic macroalgae Yes No Yes (e.g. can form blankets over the natural flora and suffocate benthic animals Species shift in floristic composition Yes Yes No Primary production Yes No No Nuisance / toxic algal blooms No No Yes Submerged aquatic vegetation - spatial coverage and density of beds Yes No Yes57 Secondary symptoms or indirect effects of eutrophication Abundance/Decrease in perennial seaweeds and seagrasses Yes No

55Little is known about the impact, investigations on biological effects are scarce. May be partially YES is the more correct answer.

56For trace metals 57For macroalgae

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Indicators Organizations involved in monitoring/data collection (Yes/No for each parameter and organization) NIMRD GeoEcoMar DobLit Dissolved oxygen Yes Yes Benthos - diversity and proportion of sensitive vs. non-sensitive species (e.g. P- Yes Yes R model) Benthos / fish kills Yes Yes Problem: Permanent alteration of hydrographical conditions and effects in the Black Sea Spatial characterisation of permanent alterations No Yes No Extent of area affected by permanent alterations No Yes No Changes in sedimentation Yes Yes No Impact of permanent hydrographical changes No Yes No Spatial extent of benthic habitat affected by the permanent alteration Yes Yes No Changes in benthic communities and or biomass production Yes Yes No Extent of area with spatial or temporal hypoxia/anoxia Yes Yes No Presence of benthic communities associated with low oxygen conditions Yes Yes No Diversity and richness indices, based on species number and relative Yes Yes No abundance in the benthic community Presence of particularly sensitive or tolerant species Yes Yes No Changes in habitat functions due to altered hydrographical conditions (e.g. Yes No No changes in areas for fish/mammals reproduction (spawning areas, breeding), nursery and feeding areas and migration routes of fish, birds and mammals) Problem: Chemical pollution Contaminants in Black Sea water, sediment and biota, effects Concentrations in water, sediments and biota (measured, where relevant, in the Yes58 Yesp59 Yesp60 same matrix) Biological effects on the elements of concerned ecosystems No No No Occurrence and extent of acute pollution events Yesp61 No No Frequency of levels exceeding regulatory levels No No No Numbers of contaminants for which exceeding levels have been detected No No No Origin of contaminants (geological versus anthropogenic; local versus long Yes62 No No distance)

Table 69. Synthetic analysis of pressures and impacts in Romania

1 2 3 4

Pressures

matter

fluxes

water

riverine

in fresh in

Impact on: sediment

Changes and Nutrientsand organic enrichment Contamination hazardous by substances Physical damageof habitats A Plankton *

B Macroalgae and seagrass * *

58OCP’s in water, sediments and biota; PAH’S in water, sediments; TPHs in water, sediments; Heavy metals in water, sediments and biota 59For biota – only trace metals in molluscs, rarely other pollutants. 60Water and sediments 61Occurrence and extent of acute oil pollution events 62Anthropogenic, local and long-distance

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1 2 3 4

Pressures

matter

fluxes

water

riverine

in fresh in

Impact on: sediment

Changes and Nutrientsand organic enrichment Contamination hazardous by substances Physical damageof habitats C Zoobenthos *

D Fish * *

E Marine mammals

F Sea Birds

* Low or very low data/information availability and lack of proper quantified assessments

Intensity of the impact (based on their associated risk for biodiversity conservation)

High impact

Significant impact

Low impact

No impact

Existing interaction, but the impact has not been determined even qualitatively

Misread interaction, impact not determined

TURKEY

The abbreviations used in the Table below are as follows:

. Ministry of Environment and Urbanization – MoEU . Istanbul University/Faculty of Marine Sciences and Management – IU/MSM . TUBITAK Marmara Research Center (Istanbul) – TUBITAK . Turkish Marine Research Foundation - TUDAV . Istanbul University (Faculty of Fishery) – IU/FF . Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Marine Science, Trabzon – KTU/FMS . Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Faculty of Fisheries – RTEU/FF . Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Univ. Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology – COMU/FMST . Institute of Marine Sciences/METU (Erdemli) – IMS/METU . Central Fisheries Research Institute (Trabzon) – CFRI . Nature Conservation Center - NCC

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Table 70. Pressures and impacts (cross-check) in Turkey

Pressure theme Pressure Impact on Organizations involved in monitoring/data collection (Yes or No for each parameter) Mo IU/ TU TU IU/ KT RT CO IM CF NC EU FM BIT DA FF U/F EU M S/ RI C SM AK V MS /FF U/ ME FM TU ST Physical damage Siltation Seabed habitats No No No No No Yes No No No No No

Erosion No No No No No Yes Ye No No No No s Interference with Thermal Functional No No No No No No No Ye No No No hydrological regime change groups and s processes Salinity regime habitats (water No No No No No Yes Ye Ye No No No change column and s s seabed) Contamination by Synthetic Seabed habitats, No No No No No No No No No No No hazardous compounds functional substances Non-synthetic groups, seafood No No No No No No No No No No No substances Radionuclides No No No No No Yes No No No No No

Systematic and/or Other Seabed habitats, No No No No No Yes No Ye No No intentional release substances functional groups s of substances Nutrient and Nutrients Water column Yes No Yes No No Yes Ye Ye Yes No No organic matter and seabed s s enrichment Organic matter habitats, Yes No Yes No No Yes Ye Ye Yes No No species, s s functional groups, ecosystems Biological Microbial Safety of food Yes No Yes No No Yes Ye Ye No No No disturbance pathogens (fish and other s s seafood), bathing water quality

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Table 71. Availability of data in Turkey to assess priority impacts of LBS

Note: The response of MoEU is partially based on the work carried out in the TR National Project “Quality Assessment and Classification of Marine and Coastal Waters (DeKoS)”. This Project (2011-2013) is funded by the MoEU and implemented by TUBITAK/MRC. Note: The TR stakeholders have answered to many questions in the Table below ‘YES’, without specifying to what extend this ‘YES’ covers the possibilities to assess the state of the sea and impacts related to LBS. Therefore, the ‘YES’ answers should be regarded with caution, especially for those indicators related to any biological element and benthic habitats status. This shall be kept in mind for each particular organization. For instance, the ‘YES’ answers of the Central Fisheries Institute refer to fish and macrozoobenthos only, etc.

In the Tables below, as the same for BG, GE and RO Tables, the colours introduced mean: red = YES, greenish = NO; yellow – partly ‘YES”, and the violet colour informs for the Nature Conservation Center (NCC) ‘YES’, as their studies are conducted on coast only.

Indicators Organizations involved in monitoring/data collection (Yes/No for each parameter and organization) MoE IU/F TUBI TU IU/ KTU/ RTE COMU/ IMS/ CFR NC U MS TAK DA FF FMS U/FF FMST MET I C M V U Problem: Nutrient enrichment/eutrophication in the Black Sea Level of nutrients Nutrient loads Yes Yes Yes No Ye No No Yes Yesp Yes s p Nutrients concentration in the water column Yes Yes Yes No Ye Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No s Nutrients in sediments No No No No No No No No No No No Nutrients ratio: Deviate from normal Yes Yes Yes No Ye Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No proportion of nutrient ratios (Si:N:P) (e.g. Si s is reduced in relation to other nutrients) Primary symptoms or directs effects of eutrophication Chlorophyll (concentration, spatial areas of Yes Yes Yes No Ye Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No high concentrations) s Water transparency Yes Yes Yes No Ye Yes Yes Yes Yes No No s Algal community structure - Yes Yes Yes No No No No Yes No No No Abundance/Increase of opportunistic macroalgae (e.g. can form blankets over the natural flora and suffocate benthic animals Species shift in floristic composition Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Primary production Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Nuisance / toxic algal blooms Yes Yes Yes No Ye Yes Yes Yes Yes No No s Submerged aquatic vegetation - spatial No Yes No No No Yes No Yes No No No coverage and density of beds Secondary symptoms or indirect effects of eutrophication Abundance/Decrease in perennial No No No No No No Yes Yes No No No seaweeds and seagrasses Dissolved oxygen Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Benthos - diversity and proportion of No No No No No No No Yes No Yes No sensitive vs. non-sensitive species (e.g. P- R model) Benthos / fish kills No No No No No No No Yes No Yes No Problem: Permanent alteration of hydrographical conditions and effects in the Black Sea Spatial characterisation of permanent Yes No Yes No No No No Yes No No Yes alterations Extent of area affected by permanent No No No No No No No Yes No Yes Yes alterations

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Indicators Organizations involved in monitoring/data collection (Yes/No for each parameter and organization) MoE IU/F TUBI TU IU/ KTU/ RTE COMU/ IMS/ CFR NC U MS TAK DA FF FMS U/FF FMST MET I C M V U Changes in sedimentation No No No No No No No Yes No Yes No Impact of permanent hydrographical No No No No No No Yes No Yes No changes Spatial extent of benthic habitat affected by No No No No No No Yes Yes No Yes No the permanent alteration Changes in benthic communities and or No No No No No No Yes Yes No Yes No biomass production Extent of area with spatial or temporal Yes No No No No No No Yes No No No hypoxia/anoxia Presence of benthic communities No No No No No No No Yes No Yes No associated with low oxygen conditions Diversity and richness indices, based on No No No No No No Yes Yes No Yes No species number and relative abundance in the benthic community Presence of particularly sensitive or tolerant No No No No No No Yes Yes No Yes No species Changes in habitat functions due to altered No No No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No hydrographical conditions (e.g. changes in areas for fish/mammals reproduction (spawning areas, breeding), nursery and feeding areas and migration routes of fish, birds and mammals) Problem: Chemical pollution Contaminants in Black Sea water, sediment and biota, effects Concentrations in water, sediments and Yes Yesp Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No biota (measured, where relevant, in the 63 same matrix) Biological effects on the elements of No No Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes No concerned ecosystems Occurrence and extent of acute pollution No No No No No No No Yes Yes No No events Frequency of levels exceeding regulatory No64 No No No Ye No No No Yes No No levels s Numbers of contaminants for which No No No No Ye Yes No No Yes No No exceeding levels have been detected s Origin of contaminants (geological versus No No No No No Yes No No No No No anthropogenic; local versus long distance)

In TR poorly known are a number of impacts related to the influence of LBS on biota, especially for benthic habitats(change and degradation) as a result of chemical pollution and physical damage (erosion, siltation, changes in hydrography, etc.).

63IU has previously monitored level of contaminants in water and sediments in the vicinity of LBSs, however, since 2011 this Pollution monitoring has not been carried out. 64 However, the Ministry says that an assessment is being prepared by the project DeKoS (TUBITAK) through consultation with relevant organizations.

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Table 72. Synthetic analysis of pressures and impacts (Turkey)

1 2 3 4

Pressures

matter

fluxes

water

fresh in

Impact on: sediment riverine

Changes and Nutrientsand organic enrichment Contamination hazardous by substances Physical damageof habitats A Plankton

B Macroalgae *

C Seagrass *

D Zoobenthos * *

F Fish * *

G Marine mammals

H Sea Birds

* Low or very low data/information availability and lack of proper quantified assessments

Note: For D4 only the Karadeniz University/FMS reported availability of data, which means that the impact of physical damage on seabed habitats is almost not studied in TR. Therefore, we mark this field in green.

Intensity of the impact (based on their associated risk for biodiversity conservation)

High impact

Significant impact

Low impact

No impact

Existing interaction, but the impact has not been determined even qualitatively

Misread interaction, impact not determined

UKRAINE

The abbreviations used are: MHI – Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Sevastopol ONU – Odessa State University UkrSCES – Ukrainian Center of the Ecology of Sea, Odessa

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IBSS – Institute of Biology of Southern Seas, Sevastopol OB IBSS - Odessa Branch of IBSS DHMO – Danube Hydrometeorological Observatory UHMI – Southern branch of the Marine Hydrometeorological Institute, Sevastopol YugNIRO – Southern Institute of Fisheries Research, Kerch HMC – Hydrometeorological Center, Odessa

Table 73. Pressures and impacts (cross-check) in Ukraine

Pressure theme Pressure Impact on Organizations involved in monitoring/data collection (Yes or No for each parameter) MHI ON Uk IBS OB DH UH Yu HM U RS S IBS MO MI GN C CE S IR S O Physical damage Siltation Seabed habitats No No No No No No No No No Erosion65 No Yes No No No No No No No Interference with Thermal Functional Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Ye Ye hydrological regime change groups and s s processes Salinity regime habitats (water Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Ye Ye change column and s s seabed) Contamination by Synthetic Pelagic and No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No hazardous compounds seabed habitats, * substances Non-synthetic functional No Yes Yes No No No No No No substances groups, seafood * Radionuclides No Yes Yes No No No No No No * Systematic and/or Other Seabed habitats, No No No No No No No No No intentional release substances functional groups of substances Nutrient and Nutrients Water column No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Ye organic matter and seabed s enrichment Organic matter habitats, No No Yes No No No No No No species, functional groups, ecosystems Biological Microbial Safety of food No No No No No No No No No disturbance pathogens (fish and other seafood), bathing water quality

The Table below demonstrates how in GE the effects of nutrient enrichment, changes in hydrographical conditions and input of contaminants are studied at present.

65As related to the change in sedimentation flow of Black Sea rivers.

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Table 74. Availability of data in Ukraine to assess priority impacts of LBS

Indicators Organizations involved in monitoring/data collection (Yes/No for each parameter and organization) MHI ONU UkRSCES IBSS OB DHMO UHMI YuGNIRO HMC IBSS Problem: Nutrient enrichment/eutrophication in the Black Sea Level of nutrients Nutrient loads No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Nutrients concentration in the water No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes column Nutrients in sediments No No No No No No No No No Nutrients ratio: Deviate from normal No No No No No No No No No proportion of nutrient ratios (Si:N:P) (e.g. Si is reduced in relation to other nutrients)

Chlorophyll (concentration, spatial No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No areas of high concentrations) Water transparency Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Algal community structure - No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Abundance/Increase of opportunistic macroalgae (e.g. can form blankets over the natural flora and suffocate benthic animals) Species shift in floristic composition No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Primary production No No No No No No No No No Nuisance / toxic algal blooms No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No Submerged aquatic vegetation - No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No spatial coverage and density of beds

Abundance/Decrease in perennial No No No No No No No No No seaweeds and seagrasses Dissolved oxygen Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Benthos - diversity and proportion of No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No sensitive vs. non-sensitive species (e.g. P-R model) Benthos / fish kills No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No Problem: Permanent alteration of hydrographical conditions and effects in the Black Sea Spatial characterisation of permanent No No No No No No No No No alterations Extent of area affected by permanent No No No No No No No No No alterations Changes in sedimentation No No No No No No No No No Impact of permanent hydrographical No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No changes Spatial extent of benthic habitat No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No affected by the permanent alteration Changes in benthic communities and No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No or biomass production Extent of area with spatial or temporal Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes hypoxia/anoxia Presence of benthic communities No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No associated with low oxygen conditions Diversity and richness indices, based No No No No No No No No No

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Indicators Organizations involved in monitoring/data collection (Yes/No for each parameter and organization) MHI ONU UkRSCES IBSS OB DHMO UHMI YuGNIRO HMC IBSS on species number and relative abundance in the benthic community Presence of particularly sensitive or No No No No No No No No No tolerant species Changes in habitat functions due to No No No No No No No No No altered hydrographical conditions (e.g. changes in areas for fish/mammals reproduction (spawning areas, breeding), nursery and feeding areas and migration routes of fish, birds and mammals) Problem: Chemical pollution Contaminants in Black Sea water, sediment and biota, effects Concentrations of contaminants in No Yes* Yes P P P No No No water, sediments and biota (measured, where relevant, in the same matrix) Biological effects on the elements of No No No No No No No No No concerned ecosystems Occurrence and extent of acute No No No No No No No No No pollution events Frequency of levels exceeding No No No No No No No No No regulatory levels Numbers of contaminants for which No No No No No No No No No exceeding levels have been detected Origin of contaminants (geological No No No No No No No No No versus anthropogenic; local versus long distance)

Table 75. Synthetic analysis of pressures and impacts (Ukraine), (Note: the template is adopted from the PERSEUS Project with modifications)

Pressures 1 2 3 4

enrichment

substances Physicaldamage

Impact on: Nutrientsand organic

sedimentfluxes riverine

Changesin fresh water and Contaminationby hazardous A Plankton

B Macroalgae and seagrass * * *

C Zoobenthos * * * *

D Fish * *

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Pressures 1 2 3 4

e e c

cal cal

ent nts

and and

ment dous

fresh

Chan

water

hazar dama

subst Physi

onby

Conta ances

gesin sedim Nutrie fluxes

minati

enrich

riverin organi F Marine mammals * *

G Birds * *

* Low or very low data/information availability and lack of proper quantified assessments

Impact on:

Intensity of the impact (based on their associated risk for biodiversity conservation)

High impact

Significant impact

Low impact

No impact

Existing interaction, but the impact has not been determined even qualitatively

Misread interaction, impact not determined

Most threatened areas

Such areas under the WFD are named ‘Areas at risk’. They are identified in BG and RO, in TR there was an investigation and the areas are known. However, they are not annually observed like in BG and RO. In GE and UA the monitoring is also not designed to regularly trace the status of areas at risk.

In BG and RO to better trace the status of areas at risk, not only the WFD parameters (as identified in the national operational monitoring II) should be traced, but also the status of the sea bottom habitats. The same is valid for the rest of the countries in the BS region, where habitat monitoring is poorly developed and/or sustained.

Recommendations for the ambient monitoring

The ambient monitoring should be improved to better trace the gradients of influence of LBSs (point) starting from the zones of mixing where waste/riverine waters enter the Black Sea and going toward the open sea. The ambient monitoring is the bench mark, and the quality of the receiving water bodies into which LBSs discharge, should be well studied. The impacts observed should be related to pressures, taking into account cumulative effects. The assimilation capacity of the receiving water bodies should be known. The permits issued should not be based on concentrations of pollutants only measured in the waste waters, but on the loads, having in mind well identified thresholds for them. In the cases when several LBSs discharge into the same water body, the studies of assimilative capacity and threshold loads should be the basis for identification of allowed shares of discharges for the different sources.

Furthermore, biodiversity and habitats of the Black Sea need to be much better attended in the routine monitoring programmes. Important is to regularly study: bacteria, Protozoa and meiobenthos, which are

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insufficiently attended domains at present. Acidification studies need to be advanced. Level and effects of contaminants are basically poorly studied and need to be seriously improved.

Thus, the following insufficiently studied domains should be attended in the routine monitoring programmes:

Issue Additional monitoring requirements Nutrient Primary production (phytoplankton and macroalgae), areas of hypoxia, change in macroalgal enrichment/Eutrophication communities Bacteria, Protozoa, ichthyoplankton, meiobenthos Changes in habitats Biodiversity change Change in pH and influence of acidification Hydrographical conditions Changes in water temperature, salinity and sedimentation related to human activities Changes in habitats Biodiversity change Chemical pollution Screening for new pollutants Changes in habitats Biodiversity change Commercial fish, other seafood contamination Sea birds and marine mammals contamination

All gaps mentioned above should be taken into consideration in revision of monitoring programmes and improvement of existing practices.

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ANNEX I. Lists of stakeholders

Criteria for Stakeholders

. Participating in protection of the Black Sea against pollution from land-based sources; . Managing and/or financing Compliance Monitoring Programmes in the field of Black Sea environment protection; . Implementing LBS Monitoring Programmes and projects with a LBS monitoring component having relation with the state of the Black Sea; . Collecting and/or managing LBS data which are needed to relate pressures with impacts for the Black Sea; . End-users of Black Sea LBS data/information.

BULGARIA

Table 1. National Stakeholders of Bulgaria

NATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS of (Name of country) N CONTACT NAME POSTAL ADDRESS PHONE MAIL WEB PERSON

MINISTRIES 22 Maria Louiza Blvd. Silviya Sofia, 1000 sgoranova@moe http://www.moew.govern 1 Ministry of Environment and Water 02/940 61 79 Goranova Bulgaria w.governmnet.bg ment.bg/?lang=en

Sofia, 1202, 02/94 05 900 [email protected] http://www.mrrb.governm Directorate 2 Ministry of Regional Development Str. "St. Kiril and Methodii " № 17-19 02/987 25 17 rnment.bg ent.bg/ "European

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NATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS of (Name of country) N CONTACT NAME POSTAL ADDRESS PHONE MAIL WEB PERSON

coordination, public relations and analysis" Nikolai Nalbantov; n.nalbantov@mee http://www.mi.government 3 Ministry of economy, energy and tourism Sofia, 8 Slaviayanska Str. +359 2 9407001 Alexandrina .government.bg .bg/bg Ivanova 02/ 9301 107; 02/ dimdimitrov@mh. http://www.mh.governmen 4 Ministry of Health Dimitar Dimitrov 9301 118; 9301 119 governmen t.bg/ Tel/fax: 02/940 - 9824 Ministry of Transport, Information 5 1000 Sofia, 9 Dyakon Ignatiy Str. tel: 02/940 - 9301, [email protected] http://www.marad.bg/ Petar Kirov Technology and communications 02/940 - 9534, 02/940 - 9620 (02) 985 11 858 [email protected] (02) 985 11 nment.bg ; Ministry of Agriculture and Food/National 6 Sofia, 55 Hristo Botev Bul. 384 Ivaylo.simeoonov http://iara.government.bg/ Ivaiylo Simeonov Agency for Fishery and Aquaculture @iara.governmen t.bg MUNICIPALITIES 056/907 415; 84 38 dg.georgieva@bu Doichina 7 Burgas Municipality 26 Alexandrtovska Str. , 8000 Burgas www.burgas.bg 91 rgas.bg Georgieva Georgi Pomorie 8200 Eu_projects@po Petkov 8 Pomorie Municipality 0882 420086 http://pomorie.org/web/ 5 Solna Str. morie.org

[email protected] http://www.primorsko.bg/i Veselin 9 Primirsko Municiaplity 56 Treti mart Str. Primirsko 0898557654 g ndex.php/en/ Mitrev 052-820-195, mayaivanova@va Варна 9000, 10 Varna Municipality http://www.varna.bg/ Maya Ivanova “Osmi Primorski Polk” № 43 052-820-013/195 rna.bg

11 Dobrich Municipality Bulgaria str. 12 PO Box 22 359 58 600 001 ÷ [email protected] http://www.dobrich.bg/ Directorate

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NATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS of (Name of country) N CONTACT NAME POSTAL ADDRESS PHONE MAIL WEB PERSON

004/ fax ; 359 Infrastructure and 58 600 166 environment RESEARCH INSTITUTES vdpeychev@gmail http://www.ifrvarna.com/in 12 Institute of Fishing Resources Bul. Primorski, 4, PO Box 72 052632066 Veselin Peychev .com dex.php Valentina.donche Valentina First May Street 40, P.O.Box 152, Varna http://www.io- 13 Institute of Oceanology 0893 453 321 [email protected] Doncheva 9000, Bulgaria bas.bg/index_en.html m Geozashtita - Varna 14

National Institute of Hydrology and 15 Meteorology-BAS [email protected] http://www.meteo.bg/ Dobri Dimitrov

UNIVERSITIES http://www.btu.bg/index.p Bul "Prof. Jakim Jakimov " No 1 (056) 700 417; 0886 Prof. d-r Valentin 16 University "Prof. D-r AsenZlatarov [email protected] hp/bg/phone-catalog-bg- Bourgas 608 027 Nenov m GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES [email protected] Kiril Bulgarian Ports Infrastructure Company- № 1 "Knyaz Batenberg" Street + 359 56/876 880 s.dimitrov@bgport http://bgports.bg/text/inde KonstantinovKoev 17 Burgas s.bg x.php?category_id=1 Stoyan Dimitorv - director mep_bs@marad. http://www.marad.bg/pag Maritime Administration Directorate - +359 56 / 875 770 bg 18 3 Knyaz A. Batenberg Street, 8000 Burgas e.php?category=29&id=7 Daria Pisheva Burgas 0887700329 daria.pisheva@m &page=3 arad.bg Maritime Administration Directorate - 19 Varna 20 Regional Environmental Agency- Burgas Burgas 8000 056/813207 [email protected] http://www.riosvbs.eu/ Mariana Nikolova

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NATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS of (Name of country) N CONTACT NAME POSTAL ADDRESS PHONE MAIL WEB PERSON

JK "Lazur", str.“Perustica” № 67, floor 3 0884 266 621 g

Black Sea Region Basin Directorate- Varna [email protected] http://www.bsbd.org/v2/bg Kalinka Kamenva 21 052 6874 35 Burgas 33 Alexandar Dyakovich Str. g /Актуално.html Varna, 9000, str. "Jan Palah" №4 Dimitrichka http://www.riosv- 22 Regional Environmental Agency-Varna 052 678 867 varna.org/?p=105 Marinova

Sofia, 1618 tel.: +359 2 Teodor Panev – Bul. "Tzar Boris III" №136 9559011 diorector [email protected] http://eea.government.bg/ 23 Executive Environment Agency fax: +359 2 Velcho Kuyumdjiev PO Box 251 vernment.bg. en 9559015 – HD “Water telex: +359 2 23894 monitoring” RHI (Bathing water)-Varna, Dobrich and 24 Bourgas

NGOs, FOUNDATIONS, SOCIETIES bbf@biodiversity. Sofia, 1202, 39-41 Vesletz Str. fl. 4, ap.11 +35929316183 bg; http://www.bbf.biodiversity 25 Biodiversity Foundation 8000 Bourgas +359 56 98 79 59 or Radostina Tzanova strandja@biodiver .bg 53, Gourko Str., bl.1 fl.1 +359 885 668757 sity.bg Konstantin Bulgarian Society for the Protection of konstantingospodi Gospodinov 26 0879534015 http://www.bspb.org/ Birds [email protected]

Polina Union of Bulgarian Black Sea Local Varna 9000, BULGARIA coordinator@ubbs 27 052 600 266 www.ubbsla.org Antonova Authorities 4, Preslav Str., P.O.BOX 161 la.org

Tel/fax + 359 2 988 Donka Sokolova Bulgarian Association of Tourist 1000 Sofia, 8 Pozitano Str. Floor 4 bata@mail.orbitel. http://www.batabg.org/ 28 80 40 Chair of the Agencies bg [email protected] Mobile + 359 886 Steering

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NATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS of (Name of country) N CONTACT NAME POSTAL ADDRESS PHONE MAIL WEB PERSON

097 413; Committee Phone: (+359 2) Tzvetan Tonchev 987 40 59 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria Chair of the 29 Bulgarian Tourist Chamber Phone/Fax: (+359 [email protected] http://www.btch.org/ 8 Sv. Sofia str., 4th floor. Steering 2) 986 51 33 Committee

Maruysya Lyubcheva [email protected] 30 Black Sea Institute http://bs-ml.eu/ President of the om Administrative council Consultancy Center for sustainable ikonomov@enviro http://geopont.enviro- Lyudmil Ikonomov 31 Development (CCSD) Geopont-Intercom -link.org link.org General Manager Ltd. Tel: +359 52 615 P.O.Box 91, 2 Dr. L. Zamenhof Str., fl. 2 856 Head Regional 32 Black Sea NGO Network (BSNN) 9000 Varna, Bulgaria Fax: +359 52 602 [email protected] http://www.bsnn.org/ office 047

Sofia Dr. Yordan Association of Fish Products Producers Tel/Fax:359/2/9817 [email protected] 33 31-33, "Vitosha" Blvd. http://www.bgfish.com/ Gospodinov - BG Fish (AFPP BG Fish) 589 m fl. 6 Executive Director Fisheries Association "BLACK SEA Varna, BULGARIA bss.varna.bg@gm http://www.bssfishing.com Emil Milev 34 SUNRISE" South Industrial Area, 9000; ail.com / President Antoaneta 35 Bulgarian Association for Plastics [email protected] http://www.bap-bg.org/ Pernikova – Executive Director PRIVATE COMPANIES +359 511 5555 priemna@neftochi Natalia Ivanova 36 Lukoil Neftochim Bourgas Burgas, PO Box 8104 http://www.neftochim.bg/ +359 511 5556 m.bg secretary of the

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NATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS of (Name of country) N CONTACT NAME POSTAL ADDRESS PHONE MAIL WEB PERSON

Chairmen of the Management Body http://www.vik- 37 ViKBurgas 3 Gen Vladimir Vazov Str., 8000 Burgas 0889430594 [email protected] burgas.com/pages/index. Milen Stanev aspx?id=30&catid=760 8000 Burgas, Lazur block 146, floor 1 office@lemna- http://www.lemna- 38 „Lemna Ecoinvest Bulgaria“ Ltd a +359 56 84 14 03 Yiordan Kostadinov (Бургас, к-с „Лазур“ бл.146, ет.1.) ecoinvest.com ecoinvest.com/ e- +359 885136585; mail:office@vang. Burgas, Slaveikov block 126, ent. A, floor 3, 0878811297; bg 39 „VANG“ LTD - Burgas office 10 (БУРГАС, к-с „Славейков“ бл.126, 0884265150; e- http://vang.bg/index.php Sharlopov вх.А, ет.3, офис 10) 0882411118 mail:vang@vang. bg

Svetoslav 40 Petrol-AD Bulgaria [email protected] http://www.petrol.bg/ Yordanov

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GEORGIA

Table 2. National Stakeholders of Georgia

NATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS of Georgia

N POSTAL NAME PHONE MAIL WEB CONTACT PERSON ADDRESS

MINISTRIES, PROTECTED AREAS Ministry of Environment and Natural (995)595119704 [email protected] www.moe.gov.ge Marina Makarova Protection of Georgia, Division of 1. Water Resources Management

Department of Public Relation of (995)591010024 [email protected] http://ajara.gov.ge/eng/?p Nona Kvastiani Government Autonomous Republic age=contacts 2. of Ajara [email protected]

Division of Environment and Natural (995)577592255 [email protected] http://garemo- Archil Resources of Government of m adjara.gov.ge/ge/ Autonomous Republic of Ajara, Kupreishvili 3. Office of Public and International Relations

Ministry of Environment and Natural (995)599680487 [email protected] www.moe.gov.ge Salome Khachiauri Resources of Georgia, Department 4. of Environmental Policy and [email protected] International Relations

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NATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS of Georgia

N POSTAL NAME PHONE MAIL WEB CONTACT PERSON ADDRESS

Ministry of Education of 577270235 [email protected] https://www.facebook.com Nino Nakashidze Autonomous Republic of Ajara /www.moecs.ge 5.

Kolkheti National Park (995)558468098 [email protected] http://www.megrelia.ge/ho Manana Chikovani 6. use_en.html (995)577101837

Batumi Botany Garden (995)593927496 [email protected] www.bbg.ge Julieta Jakeli 7.

MUNICIPALITIES Poti, Municipality Nabada (995)593444271 [email protected] http://www.poticity.ge/inde Rusudan Sajaia 8. x.html

Poti City HallInformation (995)599287728 [email protected] http://www.poticity.ge/inde Tamar Robakidze 9. Department x.htm

Batumi City Hall Supervisory (995)577302606 [email protected] http://batumi.ge/en Nugzar Tsetskhladze Service, Department of Supervision of Environment and Sanitation 10.

Poti Self Governing Territorial Body, (995)593078008 [email protected] http://www.poticity.ge/inde Medea Turdzeladze 11. Inland section x.html

Poti Self Governing Territorial Body, (995)597822000 [email protected] http://www.poticity.ge/inde Zana Kankia Inland section x.html 12.

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NATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS of Georgia

N POSTAL NAME PHONE MAIL WEB CONTACT PERSON ADDRESS

Poti Self Governing Territorial Body, (995)555571438 [email protected] http://www.poticity.ge/inde Ekaterine Jabua 13. Maltakva section x.html

Poti Self Governing Public Health (995)599494092 [email protected] http://www.poticity.ge/inde Nana Mkheidze 14. Centre x.html

Batumi City Hall (995)577115139 [email protected] http://batumi.ge Lasha Nakashidze 15. m

RESEARCH INSTITUTES N. Makhviladze Labor Medicine and http://www.istc.ru/istc/db/i Ecology Scientific-Research nst.nsf/wsu/i3201785?Op 16. Institute (995)595769843 [email protected] enDocument&lang=Eng Inga Gvineria

Water Ecology and Fisheries (995)599570503 [email protected] www.wefri.ge Akaki Komakhidze Scientific-research Institute 17. (WEFRI) (995)568171817 [email protected] www.wefri.ge Nana Skhiladze

UNIVERSITIES Agrarian University (995) 599 906592 [email protected] www.agruni.edu.ge Eka Jaiani 18. Sh. Rustaveli Batumi State (995)577141062 [email protected] http://www.bsu.edu.ge/ Guguli Dumbadze 19. University

GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES National Environmental Agency (995)599699603 [email protected] http://www.nea.gov.ge Marina Arabidze 20.

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NATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS of Georgia

N POSTAL NAME PHONE MAIL WEB CONTACT PERSON ADDRESS

National Environmental Agency Fisheries and the Black Sea Monitoring Center (995)568762399 [email protected] www.moe.gov.ge Meri Khalvashi

(995)599077622 [email protected] www.meteo.gov.ge Paata Vadachkoria 21.

(995)599295449 [email protected] www.meteo.gov.ge Dodo Jgenti

Division of Environment and Natural (995)577252928 [email protected] http://garemo- Nana Khukhunaishvili Resources of Government of adjara.gov.ge/ge/ Autonomous Republic of Ajara 22.

Environmental Pollution Monitoring (995)595541269 [email protected] www.meteo.gov.ge Nazi Tebidze 23. Laboratory

National Environmental Agency; (995)591404056 [email protected] www.meteo.gov.ge Irine Baramidze 24. Environmental Pollution Monitoring Laboratory NGOs, FOUNDATIONS, SOCIETIES, SCHOOLS Global Water Partnership in Georgia (995)599547931 [email protected] www.gwp.org Giorgi Zamukashvili 25. International Centre for (995)599246287 [email protected] www.icfer.org Gia Abramia 26. Environmental Researches

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NATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS of Georgia

N POSTAL NAME PHONE MAIL WEB CONTACT PERSON ADDRESS

Greens Movement of (995)599514071 [email protected] www.greens.ge Nino Chkhobadze 27. Georgia/Friend of Earth m

Batumi Public School N 2 (995)555931346 [email protected] www.2school.edu.ge Ketevan Malakmadze 28. m

Batumi School-lyceum, Master- [email protected] 1. www.ell.ge/index.php?a= Ani Mchedlishvili 29. class (995)591311531 main&pid=8&lang=eng

Poti Public School N 7 (995)599286830 [email protected] www.esida.ge Zaza Churgulia

30. (995)598255212 [email protected] www.esida.ge Gizo Sescuria

WECF Caucasus office (995)595621280 [email protected] www.wecf.eu Anna Samwel 31.

Scientific Center of Study of the (995)593374441 [email protected] www.parkbatumi.ge Nino Chkheidze 32. Black Sea flora and Fauna m

Scientific Centre of Study of the (995)557175155 [email protected] www.parkbatumi.ge Guranda Bagrationi 33. Black Sea Flora and Fauna

Scientific Centre of Study of the (995)595541269 [email protected] www.parkbatumi.ge Ketevan Geradze 34. Black Sea Flora and Fauna Greens Movement of Georgia, (995)599610689 [email protected] www.greens.ge Paata Qiria 35. PotiBrench

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NATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS of Georgia

N POSTAL NAME PHONE MAIL WEB CONTACT PERSON ADDRESS

36. NGO- sector Cita (995)599494092 [email protected] Nona Khukhia Society of Conservation of wild (995)593303957 [email protected] Izolda Machutadze 37. Nature “Chaobi”

Georgian Ecological and Biological (995)599426003 [email protected] Manana Juruli 38. Monitoring Association

PRIVATE COMPANIES, MEDIA Agribusiness Consulting (995)599503330 [email protected] www.abcgroup.ge Besarion Partsvania 39. Ltd. Laboratory Research Centre, (995)599506162 [email protected] Gia Rukhadze 40. Poti

Tspress.ge, Internet (995)599310661 [email protected] www.tspress.ge Iza Salakaia 41. publication

Newspaper “Batumelebi” (995)571071017 [email protected] Manana Kveliashvili 42. TV “Ajara” (995)577222651 [email protected] www.ajaratv.ge Shorena Imnadze 43.

Corporation “Poti Seaport” (995)599887860 Ekaterine.gogoladze@apmt Ekaterine Gogoladze erminals.com

44. [email protected] m

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ROMANIA

Table 3. National Stakeholders of Romania

NATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS of ROMANIA

N NAME POSTAL ADDRESS PHONE/FAX MAIL WEB CONTACT PERSON

MINISTRIES Ministry of Regional Development and Public Iulia HERTZOG 12 Libertăţii Av., 040129 Bucharest, 037 211 1312 / 1. Administration, Directorate for International [email protected] http://www.mdrt.ro Director District 5 037 211 1456 Territorial Cooperation Ministry of Regional Development and Public 12 Libertăţii Av., 040129 Bucharest, 037 211 1312 / laura.bobarnac@mdra Laura Bobarnac 2. Administration, European Territorial http://www.mdrt.ro District 5 037 211 1456 p.ro Program manager Cooperation Program Direction Gheorghe Constantin 12 Libertăţii Av., 040129 Bucharest, 40+21 4105386 / 40+21 [email protected] 3. Ministry of Environment and Climate Change http://www.mmediu.ro/beta Romanian Coordinator for GEF District 5 4102032 o Programme 38 Dinicu Golescu Av., District 1, 010873, 021.319.61.24 / http://www.mt.ro/nou/index.p Olea Viorel Ion 4. Ministry of Transports - Bucharest 021.313.88.69; MT: 306 hp Director of Naval Direction Piaţa Revoluţiei no. 1A, District 1, 021/303.70.80 / Radu Stroe 5. Ministry of Internal Affairs - http://www.mai.gov.ro/ Bucharest, 010086 021/314.97.18 Minister Calea Victoriei, no. 152, District 1, Varujan Vosganian 6. Ministry of Economy 021 202 54 26 http://www.minind.ro/ Bucharest, 010096 Minister Bucharest, Blvd. Carol I, no. 2-4, district 3, +4-021-307-23-00 / +4-021- Daniel Constantin 7. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development [email protected] http://www.madr.ro post code 020921, post office 37 307-85-54 Minister Entry Cristian Popişteanu, no. 1-3, sector +4 021 3072 500 [email protected]; Nicolăescu Gheorghe-Eugen 8. Ministry of Health http://www.ms.gov.ro 1, cod 010024, Bucharest +4 021 3072 600 [email protected] Minister MUNICIPALITIES octavia.bardasu@prim Constanta City Hall (Environmental 0241488100 / aria-constanta.ro www.primaria-constanta.ro Bardasu Octavia 9. Bd. Tomis no. 51, Cod 900725, Constanta Department – Urban Ecology) 0241488195 0241488101 mediu@primaria- Head of department constanta Tulcea City Hall / Environment Department, 0240511440 0240511441 / marcel.iordache@prim www.primariatulcea.ro Iordache Marcel 10. 20 Păcii Street, 820033, Tulcea Waste Recycling Management Center 0240517736 aria-tulcea.ro Vice-mayor

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N NAME POSTAL ADDRESS PHONE/FAX MAIL WEB CONTACT PERSON

cabinetprimar@primari a-tulcea.ro [email protected] Zaharia Maria Counsellor [email protected] Galati City Hall / General public services, 0236/307705 / ti.ro, http://www.primaria.galati.ro Palade Viorica 11. 38 Domneasca Street, Galati environmental protection compartment 0236.461460 webmaster@primaria. Director galati.ro 0241.61.50.65 / cancelarie@prefectur Eugen Bola 12. Constanta Prefecture 51 Tomis Avenue, 900725 Constanţa http://www.prefectura-ct.ro 0241.61.72.45 aconstanta.ro Prefect [email protected] Phone/fax: 0240.524.310; m; Ionel Caraman 13. S.C. Aquaserv St. Rezervorului no. 2, Tulcea Phones: 0240.524.042 http://www.aquaservtulcea.ro secretariat@aquasertu General Director 0747.022.012 lcea.ro 0241 486 522 / 0241 486 Felix Stroe 14. SC RAJA SA Constanta 281 Mamaia Avenue, Constanţa [email protected] http://www.rajac.ro 523 General Director RESEARCH INSTITUTES National Institute for Marine Research and 15. 300 Mamaia Av., Constanta 40+241 543288 [email protected] http://www.rmri.ro Simion Nicolaev Director Development "Grigore Antipa" +40 240 51 89 24, +40 240 Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve Authority 34A Portului Street, 820243 - Tulcea, Edward Bratfanof 16. 51 89 25 / +40 240 51 89 [email protected] http://www.ddbra.ro/ (DDBRA) Romania, P.O. 3, P. C. 14 Governor 75 Phone/Fax: +40-241- 69.03.66; Phone: +40-241- headquarter@geoeco National Research and Development Institute 51.01.15 -Constanta mar.ro Dan Secrieru 17. for Marine Geology and Geoecology - 304 Mamaia Avenue, 900581, Constanta www.geoecomar.ro Phone/Fax: +40-21- branch.constanta@ge Director of Constanta branch GeoEcoMar 252.25.94; Phone: +40-21- oecomar.ro 252.55.12- Bucharest Institute of Research - Development for 0236/416914; Neculai Patriche 18. 54 Portului Street, Galaţi [email protected] www.icdeapa.ro Aquatic Ecology, Fishing and Aquaculture 0761 100 000 Director 0240-53.15.20, 0240- Danube Delta National Institute for Research Roman PÎRVULESCU 19. 165 Babadag Street, 820112, Tulcea 52.45.50 / [email protected] www.ddni.ro & Development Tulcea Director 0240-53.35.47 National Institute for Research and 004021-316.25.65 / Ovidiu Teodorescu 20. 17 Apolodor Street, Bucharest, District 5 [email protected] http://www.incdt.ro Development in Tourism 004021-316.25.35 General Director

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NATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS of ROMANIA

N NAME POSTAL ADDRESS PHONE/FAX MAIL WEB CONTACT PERSON

UNIVERSITIES 104 Mircea cel Batran Street, Constanta, 0241/664 740 / Violeta Ciucur 21. Maritime University Constanta [email protected] http://www.cmu-edu.eu 900663 0241/617.260 Rector Lower Danube University of Galati, Faculty of 0336.130.251 / [email protected] Jenica Cringanu 22. 111 Domneasca Street, Galati http://www.sciences.ugal.ro Science and Environment 0236.319.329 o Dean 0241-606467, 0241-511512 124 Mamaia Avenue, Aleea Universitatii rectorat2@univ- Danut Tiberius Epure 23. Ovidius University Constanta / http://www.univ-ovidius.ro no.1 ovidius.ro Rector 0241605005 0241 626 200 / Vergil Chiţac 24. "Mircea cel Batran" Naval Academy 1 Fulgerului Street, Constanta 900218 [email protected] www.anmb.ro 0241-643096 Rector GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES Romanian Water Company - Direction 40+241 673036 / 40+241 [email protected] http://www.rowater.ro/dadobr George PAPARI 25. 127 Mircea cel Batran Street, Constanta "Dobrogea Litoral" 673025 water.ro ogea/default.aspx Director 40+241 546596 0241- http://apmct.anpm.rohttp://ap Lavinia Monica Zaharia 26. Agency of Environment Protection CT 23 Unirii Street, Constanta 546696 / [email protected] mct.anpm.ro Executive Director 0241-543717 14 Noiembrie Street no. 5 Tulcea, 820009 +40 240 510620; 510622; Liliana MARINESCU 27. Agency of Environment Protection TL 510623 / [email protected] http://apmtl.anpm.ro Executive Director 0240 510621 300 Mamaia Av., Constanta 0241/690.990 / http://www.gnm.ro/sitenou/co Marian Rasnoveanu 28. Environmental Guard CT [email protected] 0241/698.555 ntact_prim.php Director 14 Noiembrie Street no. 5 Tulcea, 820009 0240512681 / http://www.crgalati.gnm.ro/tul Constantinescu Simona 29. Environmental Guard TL [email protected] 0240 512681 cea.php Prim comisar Chamber of Commerce, Industry, Navigation 185A Alexandru Lăpuşneanu Av., +40 241 619.854 / +40 241 Mihai Daraban 30. [email protected] www.ccina.ro and Agriculture Constanţa, 900457 619.454 President 36-38 Mendeleev Street, District 1, +40 21 – 3132204 / +40 21 namr@n Gheorghe Duţu 31. National Agency for Mineral Resources www.namr.ro 010366, Bucharest, Romania - 3170780 amr.ro President National Regulatory Authority for Energy 3 Constantin Nacu Street, District 2, 021.311.22.44 / Niculae Havrilet 32. [email protected] www.anre.ro (ANRE) 020995, Bucharest 021.312.43.65 President Aleea Lacramioarei no.1, Constanta 0241 Dinisov Mihaela 33. Public Health Direction CT 480939, 480940, 480945 / [email protected] http://www.dspct.ro Executive Deputy Director 0241 / 480946 50 Viitorului Street, Tulcea 0240 534134; 534404; Militaru Laurenţia Mariana 34. Public Health Direction TL [email protected] http://www.dspjtulcea.ro 534447; 534487 / Executive Director

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NATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS of ROMANIA

N NAME POSTAL ADDRESS PHONE/FAX MAIL WEB CONTACT PERSON

0240 534290 National Agency for Fisheries and 52 Tudor Vladimirescu Street, Constanta anpadobrogea_ct@an Marian Sorinel Manaila 35. 0241 555 343 www.anpa.ro Aquaculture - Maritime Directorate pa.ro Director Inspectorate for Emergency Situations I.S.U. 110 Mircea cel Bătrân Street, 900663, 0241/617 381, 0241/617 urgente@isudobrogea. Viorel Jianu 36. http://www.isudobrogea.ro "Dobrogea" Constanta County Constanța 382 / 0241/616 342 ro Chief Inspector Inspectorate for Emergency Situations "Delta" 1848 Street, no. 16, Tulcea 0240/524300 , 0240/52430 Bascau Florin-Dumitru 37. [email protected] www.isudelta.ro Tulcea County / 0240/523700 Chief Inspector Aleea Zmeurei no. 3, 900433 Constanta 0241/641.188 [email protected] Cristian Rogojeanu 38. Coast Guard Constanta www.ijpfconstanta.ro / 0241/698.668 v.ro Chief Commissioner of Police 103 Isaccei Street, 820226, Tulcea http://www.politiadefrontiera. 0240/534160 / Nicolae Iulian Albăceanu 39. Coast Guard Tulcea [email protected] ro/organizare/garda_coasta. 0240/534996 Chief Inspector of Police php National Company Maritime Ports Constanta port, Maritime station, 900900 dirgensec@constantza http://www.portofconstantza. Lucian Balut 40. 0241601123 Administration Constanta -port.ro com General Director Constanta port, no. 1, ANR Building, 0241616124, ext 101 / Liviu Aurelian Cazan 41. Romanian Naval Authority [email protected] http://www.rna.ro Constanta, 900900 037241.68.07 General Director 1 Ecluzei Street, Agigea, 907015, Darie Mihai Phone/fax: +40-241- Constanta, România President 42. Administration of Navigable Canals S. A. 738505;702700;702705;73 [email protected] www.acn.ro Bustiuc Mihai 7711;738597 Exploitation Director C.N. Maritime Danube Ports Administration 34 Portului Street, Galaţi [email protected]; 0236 460 660/ext. 127/ Bejenaru Doru 43. S.A. Galati, Environment protection environment http://apdm.galati.ro 0236 460 140 Panfil Gabriela department @apdm.galati.ro Constanţa Prefecture, room 271 cuc_georgiana@yahoo National Tourism Authority, Territorial Cuc Georgiana, Lipoveanu .com; 44. Representation for Tourism Development, 0730.013256 0737.616107 http://www.prefectura-ct.ro Suzana suzana.lipoveanu@ya Constanta Counsellors hoo.com 51 Tomis Avenue, Constanta 0241/616849 / [email protected] http://www.constanta.insse.r Enache Buşu 45. County Statistics - Constanta 0241/672032 o o Executive Director 21-25 Mendeleev Street, Bucharest, 00 40 21 3168722 / 00 40 marius- Marius-Ioan Piso 46. Romanian Space Agency http://www.rosa.ro District 1, 010362, Romania 21 3128804 [email protected] President 69A Pescarilor Street, +40 241 639595; +40 241 Romanian Maritime Training Centre [email protected]; Luca Emil 47. 900581, Constanta 691368 / +40 241 631415 http://www.romtc.ro CERONAV [email protected] Deputy General Director 0756070996

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NATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS of ROMANIA

N NAME POSTAL ADDRESS PHONE/FAX MAIL WEB CONTACT PERSON

NGOs, FOUNDATIONS, SOCIETIES 14 Gradistea Street, Bl B14, Sc. 4, Ap. 36, 0740 966 038 / Cornelia Dinca 48. Carpathian Danubian Geoecological Center [email protected] http://www.ccdg.ro district 4, Bucharest, 040946 031 410 35 24 President AQUATERA Ecological Society for Study and Splaiul Independenţei, no.91-95; District 5 0742 - 357.717 0732 - nicolaecraciun@yahoo Nicolae Crăciun 49. http://www.seaquaterra.ro Protection of Wild Flora and Fauna Bucharest 648.098 0768 - 485.515 .com President 93 Dorobantilor Street, ap. 67, Cluj [email protected]; http://biodiversitate.mmediu.r Sergiu Mihut 50. Biodiversity Monitoring Focal Point 40+264 411230 Napoca, Cluj county [email protected] o Director Romanian Academy House, Calea 13 [email protected]; Liviu Aurelian Bota 51. Black Sea University Foundation 0729024.296 http://www.bsuf.ro Septembrie, no. 13, 761172, Bucharest-5 [email protected] President, ambassador 0040-236-499-957 0040- Moisii Petruţa 52. Centre for Ecological Consultancy Galaţi 2 Basarabiei Street, Galati, 800201 236-0372-705184 / [email protected] http://www.cceg.ro President 0040-0372-877585 [email protected] Zamfir Ion Constantin 53. Earth Friends Galati 4 Portului Street, Bl.Siret, Ap.109, Galati 40+236 462564 [email protected] http://www.rac-ro.ngo.ro Chairman o 0751 179164 torok_zsolt2004@yaho Casa Tineretului, 24 Isaccei Street, room 0721 508521 o.co.uk; www.ecostulcea.freehosting. Marius Ciocoiu 54. ECOS Youth Organization 212, Tulcea 0240 534953 / [email protected]. net President 0240 534953 uk 70 Vasile Lascar Street, Bucharest, Phone/fax: 021.619 2962; Marcu Răzvan 55. ECOSENS [email protected] http://www.eco-sens.ro District 2, 020504 0744.653 500 President 40+241 555000 / Foundation for Promotion of SMEs – INFO Al.Lapusneanu Avenue no. 185A, +40(241)614379 Florentina Boariu 56. [email protected] - LITORAL Constanta, 900457 +40(241)555111 Manager +40(241)618617 40+241 692 981 40+722 Samoilă Ciprian 57. GAEA Environmental Organization 8a Bis Călăraşi Street, Constanţa [email protected] 138 132 PR Coordinator GESS - Group for Underwater and 40+21 3124051 40+740 [email protected]; Nistor Viorel 58. 31 Frumoasa Street, District 1, Bucharest http://www.gess.ro Speological Exploration 184377 [email protected] Executive Director [email protected] o, event@marenostru 1 Decembrie 1918 Avenue, no. 3, Bl. F17, 0241.612422 0341.407432 Mihaela Candea 59. Mare Nostrum m.ro, www.marenostrum.ro sc. A, ap.3, Constanta, 900711 / 0341.407433 Executive Director mihaela_candea@mar enostrum.ro

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NATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS of ROMANIA

N NAME POSTAL ADDRESS PHONE/FAX MAIL WEB CONTACT PERSON

+4 0241 617872 Society of Oceanographic Explorations and +4 0341 101585 Razvan Popescu Mirceni 60. Marine Environmental Protection Oceanic 41 Decebal Street, 900728, Constanta 0744 507 709 [email protected] http://www.oceanic.ro President Club 0722 357 791 / 0241 66 19 56 Phone/ fax 0241- 611836; Aurel CONSTANTIN 61. Romanian Naval League 29 Traian Street, Military Circle Constanta [email protected] http://www.lnr.ro Mobile: 0723339749 Rear admiral of the flotilla SCEFAS - Society of Underwater Research, Gelu Coca 62. 52 Ferdinand Avenue, Constanta 0241/ 611340 0723642707 [email protected] - Exploration, Filming and Sports President 3 Hristo Botev Avenue, ap. 6 Cod 030231, 031 4255657 / Dan Haulica 63. SOR - Romanian Ornnitological Society [email protected] http://www.sor.ro District 3, Bucureşti 031 4255656 Director 7 Armand Calinescu Street, floor 5, ap. 20, 021 314 12 27 / Lavinia Andrei 64. TERRA MILENIUL III [email protected] http://terraiii.ngo.r District 2, 021011, Bucharest 021 300 37 00 President http://biodiversitate.mmediu.r o/information-and- 0723 202 477 / 0339 10 50 [email protected] links/romania/organizatii- Cornel Apostol 65. ECO -ALPEX 024 Organization 259 Rahova Street, Braila 78 et non-guvernamentale- President ong/eco-alpex-024- organizatie 021 642 64 78 0727 09 88 141A Ferdinand Avenue, ap. 25, District 2, http://www.eco- Niculae Rădulescu-Dobrogea 66. ECO -CIVICA 53 / [email protected] Bucharest civica.20m.com President 021 642 64 78 Caciulata, Calea lui Traian, no. 593, http://fundatiaeuropeanadem Haloiu Alexandru 67. European Environment Foundation 0755776588 [email protected] Calimanesti ediu.webs.com President 22 Constantin Sandu-Aldea, Street, +40 21 319 49 31 / +40 31 Liviu Mihaiu 68. Save Danube and Delta Association [email protected] http://www.salvatidelta.ro District1, Bucharest, 012063 827 02 30 President naturazambeste@yah http://www.naturazambeste.i Ilie Marian 69. Nature Smiles Association Luncaviţa, Tulcea county, Cod 827120 0240/541.201 oo.com nfo President Phone/Fax: 0240/547117 Dragos Olaru 70. VOX DELTAE Association Crisan Cultural Center - Tulcea, 8826 [email protected] http://www.deltavox.ro Mobile:0745/026030 President Splaiul Independentei no. 202H, Bl. 2, 021 316 27 87 / [email protected], Vasile CIOMOŞ 71. Romanian Water Association Tronson 1, Sc. A, Ground floor, Ap. 2, www.ara.ro 021 316 27 88 [email protected] President District 6, Bucharest 1G Vasile Milea Avenue, District 6, + 4037-810.57.42 / + 4037- Vladimir Rojanschi 72. Romanian Environment Association [email protected] www.asrm.ro Bucharest 810.57.42 President

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NATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS of ROMANIA

N NAME POSTAL ADDRESS PHONE/FAX MAIL WEB CONTACT PERSON

0040-758-071656 0040- Aleea Cinematografului no. 2, Bl. H3, Sc. [email protected] Codruţa Nedelcu 73. ARIN Association 740-026091 / 0040-239- http://www.arin.ro 2, Ap. 27, Braila, 810271 om President 613281 http://terraecologica.trei.ro | 0314 08 57 57 simona_dragusanu@y http://terraecologica.ecosapi Simona Creţu 74. Terra Ecologica Association Răscoala din 1907 Street no. 1, Bucharest 0729 01 99 53 ahoo.com ens.ro | President http://terraecologica.ablog.ro +40.314.096112 +40.770.422618 98 Theodor Sperantia Street, Bloc S28, +40.723.335828 Vladimir Gheorghievici 75. Pollution Prevention Center Sc. A, Ap. 10, District 3, 030932, [email protected] www.cpp.org.ro Phone/fax: President Bucharest +40.021.3274796

55 Mihail Kogalniceanu Avenue, et.6, Phone/fax: Vadineanu Irina 76. Environmental Experts Association [email protected] http://eea.ngo.ro ap.34, District 5, 050104, Bucharest 0040 21 315 93 19 President Association for man protection and 0241 61 45 76 / 0241 61 45 http://biodiversitate.mmediu.r Claudia Irina Concsag 77. environment for sustainable development in 10 Patriei Street, Constanta [email protected] 76 o President the world 021 412 01 04 / 78. Balkanic Environment Association B.E.N.A 90-92 Panduri Street, District3, Bucharest [email protected] http://www.benaweb.gr/ Margareta Nicolau 021 410 05 75 041-636873 94 Alexandru Lapusneanu Street, bloc LE Gabriel Guran 79. "ECOMAR" Ecological Association Constanta 092-711910 [email protected] - 42, sc. B apt. 25, 8700, Constanta President 094-630776 2 Aleea Margaritarelor Street, Bloc 19, [email protected] Gheorghe Slabu 80. Eco 2004 Association 0241511660 - Ap.43, Constanta om President 0241/513392 0723750906 / glicheriecaraivan@yah Caraivan Glicherie 81. Eco Black Sea 19 Dr. N. Sadoveanu Street, Constanta - 0341/428164 oo.com President Adrian BILBA General Director The Museum Complex of Natural Sciences 0241-481 230 / 82. 255 Mamaia Avenue, Constanta [email protected] http://www.delfinariu.ro Nicolae Papadopol Constanta 0241-481 236 Scientific Director Curlisca Angelica 83. Constanta Dolphinarium 255 Mamaia Avenue, Constanta 0729251675 [email protected] http://www.delfinariu.ro Head of department [email protected] 84. Constanta Aquarium 1 Elisabeta Avenue, Constanta 0721995472 http://www.delfinariu.ro Munteanu Florin om

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NATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS of ROMANIA

N NAME POSTAL ADDRESS PHONE/FAX MAIL WEB CONTACT PERSON

Batlan Vasile 5 Aleea Daliei Street, bl. L128 a, Sc. C, ecodobrogea@hotmail President 85. Eco Dobrogea Constanta 0241/633268 - ap. 35, Constanta .com Oner Iuksel Executive Director PRIVATE COMPANIES 40 (241) 548.700 SC. POLARIS M HOLDING SRL 2A Spiru Haret Street CONSTANTA - 40 (241) 548.711 [email protected] Ionut Tarsoaga 86. http://www.polaris.ro CONSTANTA ROMANIA 40 (241) 548.740 / Director 40 (241) 693.708 31 Spitalului Street, Bl. 19, Sc. F, et. 3, 0722 269 479 / [email protected] Cacencu Cornelia 87. SC JT GRUP SRL http://jtgrup.ro Ap.12, Tulcea, 0742 197599 m Director [email protected] / S.C. Thermo-electric factory Midia S.A. Bd. Navodari, No. 9A, RO-905700, +40241 768944, 486201 / www.utmidia.ro Dana Rasica 88. [email protected] (Environment Department) Navodari Constanta 694439, 486204 Inspector o ExxonMobil Exploration and Production St. Floreasca 169 A, Building A, 4th floor, alin.stirbu@exxonmobi http://www.exxonmobil.com Alin Stirbu 89. 00 40 745 327291 Romania Limited (Environment Department) sector 1, Bucharest l.com Manager Wolfgang Leeb 00 40 372 824366 / 00 40 [email protected] www.petrom.com 90. OMV Petrom SA Constanta, the Port - Dana 34 Manager 241 585420 om

[email protected]; http://www.centruldescafandr 0241 - 58.66.00 / 0241 – 91. Diving Center Constanta B–dul. 1 Mai, no. 19, Constanţa, 900123 [email protected] i.ro Marius Duțu 58.69.52 m 0341 446 589, 0733 077 www.eurolevel.ro Sergiu Uzun 92. SC Eurolevel SRL Constanţa 4 Mircea cel Bătrân Street, Constanţa 128 / [email protected] Manager 0341 446 588

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TURKEY

Table 4. National Stakeholders of Turkey N NAME POSTAL ADDRESS PHONE MAIL WEB CONTACT PERSON

MINISTRIES 1 Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment Vekaletler Cd. No:1 06573 Çankaya / ANKARA +90 (312) 586 30 00 [email protected] http://www.csb.gov.tr/gm/cyg Huri Eyüboğlu, and Urban Planning (General Directorate of m/ Bahar Özöğüt Environmental Management) 2 Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment Mustafa Kemal Mh. Eskişehir Devlet Yolu +90 (312) 222 12 34 [email protected] http://www.csb.gov.tr/gm/tabi Muhsine Mısıroğlu and Urban Planning (General directorate of (Dumlupınar Bulvarı) 9. km. Çankaya / ANKARA at/ cultural and natural heritage) 3 Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment Vekaletler Cad. No:1 Bakanlıklar / ANKARA +90 (312) 410 10 00 [email protected] http://www.cedgm.gov.tr Serap Kantarcı, and Urban Planning (General Directorate of Hacer Selamoğlu Environmental Management/ Department of Çağlayan Laboratory, Measurement and Monitoring) 4 Republic of Turkey Ministry of Transport, Hakkı Turayliç Cd. No:5 06510 Emek / ANKARA +90 (312) 203 10 00 [email protected] http://www.ubak.gov.tr/ Maritime Affairs and Communications 5 Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Eskişehir Yolu 9 km. 06060 Lodumlu Çankaya / +90 (312) 287 33 60 http://www.tarim.gov.tr/; Agriculture and Livestock (General ANKARA http://www.bsgm.gov.tr/ Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture) 6 Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, İstanbul Yolu Üzeri Tarım Kampüsü P.K.51 06171 +90 (312) 315 76 23 http://www.tagem.gov.tr/ Agriculture and Livestock (General Yenimahalle / ANKARA Directorate of Agricultural Research and Policy, GDAR) 7 Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, T.C. Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı +90 (312) 287 33 60 [email protected] http://www.tarim.gov.tr/BUG Yaşar ORHAN Agriculture and Livestock (General Eskişehir Yolu 9. km Lodumlu / ANKARA EM/Sayfalar/Anasayfa.aspx Directorate of Plant Production) 8 Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Eskişehir Yolu 9.km 06060 Lodumlu Çankaya / +90 (312) 287 33 60 [email protected] http://www.tarim.gov.tr/GKG Derya İşbeceren, Agriculture and Livestock (General ANKARA M/Sayfalar/Anasayfa.aspx Leyla Kıraç Directorate of Food and Control) 9 Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food, Eskişehir Yolu 9.km 06060 Lodumlu Çankaya / +90 (312) 287 33 60 [email protected] http://www.tarim.gov.tr/TRG Basri Avcı, Yusuf Agriculture and Livestock (General ANKARA M/Sayfalar/Anasayfa.aspx Gürbüz, Nergiz Directorate of Agrarian Reform) Altan 10 Republic of Turkey Ministry of Forestry and Söğütözü Cd. No:14/E Söğütözü Çankaya / +90 (312) 207 50 00; bilgiedinme@cevreo http://www.ormansu.gov.tr/; Ahmet Rıfat Water Affairs (General Directorate of Water ANKARA +90 (312) 207 63 30 rman.gov.tr http://suyonetimi.ormansu.go Yılmaz, Gülnur Management) v.tr Ölmez

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N NAME POSTAL ADDRESS PHONE MAIL WEB CONTACT PERSON

11 Republic of Turkey Ministry of Forestry and Devlet Mahallesi, İnönü Bulvarı No: 16 Çankaya / 90 (312) 417 83 00 http://www.dsi.gov.tr Nihat Ataman Water Affairs (General Directorate of Stat ANKARA Hydraulic Works) 12 Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health Kemankeş Cd. Karamustafapala Sk. No:21 +90 (212) 293 36 74 [email protected]. http://www.hssgm.gov.tr/ (General Directorate of Health for Borders Karaköy / İSTANBUL tr and Coastal Areas) 13 Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health Sağlık Mh. Prof. Dr. Nusret Fişek Cd. 06100 +90 (312) 565 50 00 http://www.thsk.gov.tr/tr/ Sıhhıye / ANKARA 14 Republic of Turkey Ministry for EU Affairs Mustafa Kemal Mh. 2082. Cd. No:4 06510 Bilkent +90 (312) 218 13 00 [email protected] http://www.abgs.gov.tr (Agriculture and Fisheries Directorate) / ANKARA .tr 15 Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment Barbaros Bulvarı No:137 Balmumcu +90 (212) 3184100 [email protected] http://www.csb.gov.tr/iller/ist and Urban Planning (Environment and Beşiktaş/İstanbul anbul/ Urbanization Management of Istanbul) MUNICIPALITIES 16 Artvin Municipality Çarşı Mh. Cumhuriyet Cd. Belediye İşhanı No:3 +90 (466) 212 37 11 [email protected] http://www.artvin.bel.tr Kat:4 ARTVİN

17 Rize Municipality Piriçelebi Mh. Menderes Bulvarı No:82 RİZE 444 50 53 [email protected] http://www.rize.bel.tr

18 Trabzon Municipality Gülbaharhatun Mh. Kahramanmaraş Cd. +90 (462) 224 61 61 [email protected] http://www.trabzon.bel.tr No:201 (Varlıbaş AVM Yanı) TRABZON el.tr

20 Ordu Municipality Belediye Sarayı ORDU +90 (452) 225 01 04 [email protected] http://www.ordu.bel.tr r

21 Giresun Municipality Belediye Sarayı GİRESUN 444 4 028 halklailiskiler@gires http://www.giresun.bel.tr un.bel.tr

22 Samsun Metropolitan Municipality Pazar Mh.Necipbey Cd.No:35 İlkadım / SAMSUN +90 (362) 431 60 90 [email protected] http://www.samsun.bel.tr/

23 Sinop Municipality Sinop Belediye Başkanlığı Merkez / SİNOP +90 (368) 261 18 44 [email protected] http://www.sinop.bel.tr

24 Kastamonu Municipality Kastamonu Belediyesi KASTAMONU +90 (366) 214 10 48 admin@kastamonu. http://www.kastamonu.bel.tr bel.tr

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N NAME POSTAL ADDRESS PHONE MAIL WEB CONTACT PERSON

25 Bartın Municipality Bülent Ecevit Bulvarı Elmalık mevkii No:1 Merkez / +90 (378) 227 10 97 bartinbelediyesi@ba http://bartinbelediyesi.com/b BARTIN rtinbelediyesi.com el/

26 Zonguldak Municipality Zonguldak Belediyesi Belediye Bulvarı Acılık Cd. +90 (372) 259 67 67 [email protected]. http://www.zonguldak.bel.tr/ ZONGULDAK tr

27 Düzce Municipality Cedidiye Mh. Hükümet Sk. DÜZCE +90 (380) 524 58 21 http://www.duzce.bel.tr

27 Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality Karabaş Mh.Salim Dervişoğlu Cd. No:80 41040 +90 (262) 318 10 01 Rasitfidan@kocaeli. http://www.kocaeli.bel.tr/ İzmit / KOCAELİ bel.tr

28 İstanbul Metropolitan Municipality Istanbul Büyükşehir Belediye Başkanlığı +90 (212) 455 13 00 [email protected] http://www.ibb.gov.tr Kemalpaşa Mh. Şehzadebaşı Cd. No:25 34134 v.tr Fatih / İSTANBUL

29 Tekirdağ Municipality Mimar Sinan Cd. No:50 59030 TEKİRDAĞ 444 18 15 [email protected] http://www.tekirdag.bel.tr/ .tr

30 Kırklareli Municipality Kırklareli Belediye Başkanlığı KIRKLARELİ +90 (288) 214 12 67 kirklarelibelediyesi http://www.kirklareli.bel.tr @hotmail.com

RESEARCH INSTITUTES 31 Trabzon Central Fisheries Research Institute Su Ürünleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Vali Adil +90 (242) 872 14 00 [email protected] http://www.sumae.gov.tr Prof. Dr. Kadir Yazar Cd. No:14 Kaşüstü 61250 Yomra / Seyhan TRABZON

32 +90 (262) 677 20 00 [email protected] http://www.mam.gov.tr/CE/in Dr. Çolpan Beken TUBITAK Marmara Research Center r dex.html TÜBİTAK Marmara Araştırma Merkezi Çevre ve Temiz Üretim Enstitüsü 41470 Gebze / KOCAELİ

UNIVERSITIES 33 İstanbul University (Faculty of Fishery) Ordu Cd. No:200 34130 Laleli / İSTANBUL +90 (212) 455 57 00 / [email protected] http://www.istanbul.edu.tr/su 16383 du.tr urunleri/

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N NAME POSTAL ADDRESS PHONE MAIL WEB CONTACT PERSON

34 İstanbul University (Institute of Maritime Molla Hüsrev Mh. Müşküle Sk. No:1 34134 Vefa +90 (212) 528 25 39 [email protected] http://www.istanbul.edu.tr/en Prof.Dr. Reşat Sciences and Management Fatih / İSTANBUL .tr glish/inst_maritime.php Apak

35 Karadeniz Technical University (Sürmene KTÜ. Sürmene Deniz Bilimleri Fakültesi Çamburnu +90 (462) 752 24 19 [email protected] http://www.deniz.ktu.edu.tr/in Faculty of Marine Sciences) Kampüsü 61530 Çamburnu / TRABZON dex.htm

36 Ondokuz Mayıs University (Faculty of Ondokuz Mayıs Üni. Mühendislik Fakültesi Çevre +90 (362) 312 19 19 [email protected]. http://mf.omu.edu.tr/cevre/ Prof. Dr. Hanife Engineering, Department of Environmental Müh. Bölümü Kurupelit Kampüsü 55139 Kurupelit / tr BÜYÜKGÜNGÖR Engineering) SAMSUN

37 Ordu University (Fatsa Faculty of Marine T.C. Ordu Üniversitesi Fatsa Deniz Bilimleri +90 (452) 423 50 53 – [email protected] http://fdbf.odu.edu.tr/Tr/ Sciences) Fakültesi Evkaf Mh. 52400 Fatsa / ORDU 423 47 22

38 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University (Faculty of Rize Üniversitesi Rektörlüğü 53100 Merkez / RİZE +90 (464) 223 61 26 - nurhayat61@yahoo. http://suf.rize.edu.tr/tr/ Fisheries) 1636 com

39 Sinop University (Faculty of Fisheries) Akliman Mevkii Abalı Köyü 57000 SİNOP +90 (368) 287 62 54 [email protected] http://www.sinop.edu.tr/akad Assoc. Prof. emikbirimler/fakulteler/su_ur Levent BAT unleri/default.asp

40 Middle East Technical University İnönü Bulvarı 06531 (312 2102646) [email protected] http://www.metu.edu.tr/tr Prof. Dr. Ülkü (Department of Environmental Engineering) YETIS ANKARA

41 Gebze Institute of Technology (Department of Gebze KOCAELİ +90 (262) 605 2000 [email protected] http://gyte.edu.tr Assoc. Prof. Environmental Engineering) r Melek OZKAN

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N NAME POSTAL ADDRESS PHONE MAIL WEB CONTACT PERSON

GOVERNMENTAL AGENCIES 42 Central Finance and Contracts Unit Eskişehir Yolu 4.km 2. Cd. Halkbank Kampüsü +90 (312) 295 49 00 [email protected]. http://www.cfcu.gov.tr No:63 06520 Söğütözü / ANKARA tr NGOs, FOUNDATIONS, SOCIETIES 43 Turkish Marine Research Foundation P.O.Box:10 81650 Beykoz / İSTANBUL +90 (216) 424 07 72 [email protected] http://www.tudav.org

44 Turkish Marine Environment Protection Nakkaştepe Aziz Bey Sk. No:1 34674 Kuzguncuk / +90 (216) 310 93 01 [email protected] http://www.turmepa.org.tr Association İSTANBUL

45 United Nations Development Programme Birlik Mh. 415. Cd. No:11 06610 Çankaya / +90 (312) 454 11 00 [email protected] http://www.undp.org.tr Harun Turkey ANKARA g GÜÇLÜSOY 46 Word Wildlife Fund Turkey Büyük Postane Cd. No: 43-45 Kat:5 34420 +90 (212) 528 20 30 [email protected] http://www.wwf.org.tr Bahçekapı / İSTANBUL

47 Nature Conservation Center Doğa Koruma Merkezi 1293 Sk. No:9/32 Beyazıt +90 (312) 287 40 67 [email protected] http://www.dkm.org.tr Apartmanı 06830 Aşağı Öveçler / ANKARA

48 Underwater Resach Society Gazi Mustafa Kemal Bulvarı Akıncılar Sk. No:10/1 +90 (312) 230 35 20 http://www.sad.org.tr Asım ÖZALP 06570 Maltepe / ANKARA

49 The Nature Society (Doğa Derneği) Kültür Mh. Doktor Mediha Eldem Sk. No:70\10 +90 (312) 481 25 45 doga@dogadernegi. http://www.dogadernegi.org/ Çankaya / ANKARA org default.aspx

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UKRAINE

Ministries:

Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources of Ukraine

Republican Committee on Environmental Protection - AR Crimea

Sate Azov-Black Sea Inspection

State Ecological Inspection of the Black Sea Protection

Danube Hydrometeorological Observatory

State Department of Environmental Protection – Nikolaev Oblast

Municipalities: Yalta Vodokanal (Water and Waste Water Utility of Yalta)

Research Institutes:

Southern Research Agro-ecological Centre - Institute of Agroecology and Nature Use

Ukrainian Scientific and Research Institute of Ecological Problems

Institute of Biology of The Southern Seas National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Marine Branch of Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute

Marine Hydrophysical Institute National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Universities:

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Odessa National I.I. Mechnikov University - Regional Centre for Integrated Environmental Monitoring and Ecological Studies

State Enterprise "Marine Search and Rescue Service"

NGOs, Foundations, Societies

Operational Centre of the International Ocean Institute (IOI-Ukraine)

Institute Noosphere

Private companies

Odessa Sea Port

Nikolaev Branch of National Environmental Center of Ukraine

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ANNEX II. List of Black Sea Hot Spots as identified in BSIMAP and reported to BSIS

Note: The Code of the Hot Spots is the one accepted in BSIS

Country HOT SPOTS Type of Hot Code Coordinates of WWTP (WWTP Coordinates of waste waters Frequency of Number Comments Spots outflow of waste waters)) discharge point sampling (every of month, at three sampling months, at six per year months, one time (2011) per year)

Latitude Longitude Latitude Longitude Bulgaria Golden sands resort WWTP BG1HS 43.302367 28.037800 43.302639 28.053972 every month 16 Bulgaria Varna Municipal BG2HS 43.214944 27.791222 43.214917 27.791222 every month 26 WWTP Bulgaria Burgas Municipal BG3HS 42.500833 27.434250 42.500833 27.43425 every month 16 WWTP Bulgaria Asparuhovo Municipal BG4HS 43.194556 27.877528 43.194917 27.877528 every month - Excluded. The WWTP WWTP is already a pumping station and water discharges in WWTP Varna.

Bulgaria Balchik Municipal BG5HS 43.399722 28.177222 43.396333 27.176333 every month 12 WWTP

Bulgaria Solvay Sodi, Industrial BG6HS 43.1604 27.595183 43.1604 27.596183 every month 53 every month - 5 soda ash WWTP sampling

Bulgaria Tsarevo Municipal BG7HS 42.173833 27.834694 42.171944 27.858611 every month (May- 11 WWTP October) every three months(November- April)

Bulgaria Lukoil Industrial BG8HS - - 42.444771 27.434358 every month 12 Neftochim WWTP Burgas AD- central treatment plant

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Latitude Longitude Latitude Longitude

Bulgaria Sozopol sewerage BG9HS - - 42.418194 27.691250 every month 1 network

Bulgaria "Sarafovo" sewerage BG10HS - - 42.562111 27.528367 every month - Excluded. Network quarter, Burgas network discharges in WWTP city Pomorie.

Bulgaria Varvara sewerage BG11HS 42.118528 27.905194 42.118528 27.905194 every month (May- 1 . network October) every three months (November-April)

Bulgaria Chernomorets sewerage BG12HS - - 42.447028 27.626250 every month 1 network

Bulgaria Sinemorets sewerage BG13HS 42.062611 27.982000 42.062611 27.982000 every month 1 network

Bulgaria Ahtopol sewerage BG14HS - - 42.093528 27.954500 every month 1 network

Georgia Kutaisi municipal GE1HS WWTP

Georgia Batumi municipal GE2HS WWTP

Georgia Chiatura, industrial GE3HS manganese WWTP

Georgia Poti municipal GE4HS WWTP

Georgia Zestafoni, industrial GE5HS metallurgy WWTP

Georgia Tskhaltobo municipal GE6HS Excluded in 2009. WWTP

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Latitude Longitude Latitude Longitude

Georgia Zugdidi municipal GE7HS WWTP

Romania Midia, industrial RO1HS 44.3413222 44.3366 every month petroleum WWTP 28.6497388 28.6429 chemistry

Romania Constanta municipal RO2HS 44.2136407 44.2122 every month North WWTP 28.6409069 28.6452

Romania Constanta municipal RO3HS 44.13607 44.1756 every month South WWTP 28.6313 28.6274

Romania Eforie South municipal RO4HS 44.0282 44.0282 WWTP 28.6508 28.6508 every month

Romania Mangalia municipal RO5HS 43.8056 43.8148 every month WWTP 28.5786 28.5778

Romania Constanta Port port WWTP RO6HS 44.0935 every month 28.3821

Russian Rostov-on-Don municipal RU1HS Federation WWTP

Russian Taganrog municipal RU2HS Federation WWTP

Russian Azov municipal RU3HS Federation WWTP

Russian Anapa municipal RU4HS Federation WWTP

Russian Gelendzhik municipal RU5HS Federation WWTP

Russian Dzhoubga municipal RU6HS Federation WWTP

Russian Oil terminal ballast WWTP RU7HS Federation

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Latitude Longitude Latitude Longitude

Russian Tuapse port WWTP RU8HS Federation

Turkey KBI Samsun, industrial TR1HS copper WWTP

Turkey TUGSAS industrial TR2HS Samsun, WWTP fertilizers

Turkey Trabzon municipal TR3HS WWTP

Turkey KBI Murgul, industrial TR4HS copper WWTP

Turkey Samsun municipal TR5HS WWTP

Turkey Zonguldak municipal TR6HS WWTP

Turkey Giresun municipal TR7HS WWTP

Turkey Ordu municipal TR8HS WWTP

Turkey Bafra municipal TR9HS WWTP

Turkey Eregli municipal TR10HS WWTP

Ukraine Pivdenni municipal UA1HS WWTP

Ukraine Pivnichni municipal UA2HS WWTP

Ukraine Balaklava municipal UA3HS WWTP

Ukraine Yevpatoriya municipal UA4HS WWTP

Ukraine Sevastopol municipal UA5HS WWTP

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Latitude Longitude Latitude Longitude

Ukraine Yalta municipal UA6HS WWTP

Ukraine Gurzuf municipal UA7HS WWTP

Ukraine Kamish industrial UA8HS Closed in Burunsky, iron WWTP 2002??? ore

Ukraine Illichevsk port WWTP UA9HS

Ukraine Krasnoperekop industrial UA10HS sk, bromide WWTP

Note: There was a project, which updated the TR List of Hot Spots, however, the new List is not yet approved by the Ministry of Environment and respectively is not communicated with the BSC.

Note: GE planned to include in its HS List the Batumi Oil terminal, the Kobuleti WWTP, Poti and Batumi harbours, Supsa and Khobi.

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ANNEX III. UA monitoring

Coordinates of stations sustained by different UA organizations are presented below.

Table 1. Monitoring stations - Marine Branch of Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Institute

Monitoring station Code of station (if any) Coordinates Type of station location/ LBS name Danube delta Latitude: 45.3500 river 139804001а Longitude: 28.1833 Latitude: 45.3500 139804001б Longitude: 28.1833 Latitude: 45.3333 139804002 Longitude: 28.6667 Latitude: 45.3333 139804002а Longitude: 28.6667 Latitude: 45.3333 139804002б Longitude: 28.6667 Latitude: 45.3333 139804002в Longitude: 28.6667 Latitude: 45.3333 139804002г Longitude: 28.6667 Latitude: 45.3167 139804003 Longitude: 29.2000 Latitude: 45.3167 139804003а Longitude: 29.2000 Latitude: 45.3167 139804003б Longitude: 29.2000 Latitude: 45.3167 139804003в Longitude: 29.2000 Latitude: 45.3167 139804003г Longitude: 29.2000 Latitude: 45.3333 139804004 Longitude: 29.5000 Latitude: 45.3333 139804004а Longitude: 29.5000 Danube delta channels Latitude: 45.4667 marine 139804001 Longitude: 29.6167 Latitude: 45.4833 139804002 Longitude: 29.7500 Latitude: 45.4667 139804003 Longitude: 29.7500 Latitude: 45.4000 139804004 Longitude: 29.7667 Latitude: 45.3333 139804005 Longitude: 29.7667 Latitude: 45.3000 139804006 Longitude: 29.7333 Latitude: 45.2667 139804007 Longitude: 29.7667

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Monitoring station Code of station (if any) Coordinates Type of station location/ LBS name Latitude: 45.2167 139804008 Longitude: 30.7333 Sukhoi coastal lake/ liman Latitude: 46.3338 139801020 Longitude: 30.6337 Latitude: 46.4843 139801021 Longitude: 30.6500 Latitude: 46.3342 139801022 Longitude: 30.6512 Latitude: 46.3333 139801023 Longitude: 30.6500 Latitude: 46.3170 139801024 Longitude: 30.6667 Latitude: 46.3015 139801025 Longitude: 30.6672 Latitude: 46.3333 139801029 Longitude: 30.6537 Intake - Sukhoi coastal Latitude: 46.3013 139801026 lake/ liman – Illiichevsk Longitude: 30.6678 WWTP Latitude: 46.2500 139801028 Longitude: 30.6500 Latitude: 46.2912 139801030 Longitude: 30.6697 Odessa water area Latitude: 46.4882 139802029 Longitude: 30.7505 Latitude: 46.4845 139802033 Longitude: 30.7510 Bugskiy coastal lake/ liman Latitude: 46.9678 139805066 – S.Bug mouth Longitude: 31.9847 Latitude: 46.9833 139805067 Longitude: 31.9667 Latitude: 46.9347 139805068 Longitude: 31.9843 Latitude: 46.7178 139805069 Longitude: 31.9338 Latitude: 46.6503 139805070 Longitude: 31.9508 Latitude: 46.6503 139805071 Longitude: 31.9182 Latitude: 46.6503 139805072 Longitude: 31.9167 Latitude: 47.0192 139805089 Longitude: 31.9592 Dniepr mouth Latitude: 46.5500 139805059 Longitude: 32.3028 Latitude: 46.1513 139805061 Longitude: 32.3003 Latitude: 46.4838 139805062 Longitude: 32.2835 Latitude: 46.5697 139805118 Longitude: 32.4692 Dnieprovskiy coastal lake/ 139805060 Latitude: 46.5675

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Monitoring station Code of station (if any) Coordinates Type of station location/ LBS name liman Longitude: 32.2835 Latitude: 46.5335 139805064 Longitude: 32.0842 Latitude: 46.6010 139805073 Longitude: 31.9172 Latitude: 46.5668 139805074 Longitude: 31.9007 Latitude: 46.5335 139805075 Longitude: 31.9007 Latitude: 46.5845 139805077 Longitude: 31.8013 Latitude: 46.6178 139805079 Longitude: 31.6507 Latitude: 46.5842 139805080 Longitude: 31.6507 Latitude: 46.5508 139805081 Longitude: 31.6507 Latitude: 46.5845 139805082 Longitude: 31.5343 Latitude: 46.5675 139805084 Longitude: 31.5675 Latitude: 46.5847 139805086 Longitude: 31.4845 Latitude: 46.5667 139805088 Longitude: 31.4173 Yalta – water area Latitude: 44.4842 139806103 Longitude: 34.1668

Table 2. Monitoring stations - Hydrometeorological Center of Black and Azov Seas

Monitoring station location Code of station (if Coordinates Type of any) Latitude Longitude station Odesskiy Bay 139802029 4629’02” 3045’03” Coastal 139802033 4629’07” 3045’06” Sukhoi coastal lake/ liman 139801024 4619’02” 3040’00” 139801025 4618’09” 3040’03” 139801020 4620’03” 3038’02” 139801021 4621’06” 3039’00” 139801022 4620’05” 3039’07” 139801023 4620’00” 3039’00” 139801029 4620’00” 3039’22” 139801026 4618’08” 3042’07” 139801028 4618’00” 3039’00” 139801030 4617’47” 3040’18” 1 km upstream Belgorod-Dniestrovskiy – 13652 Ovidiopol section Dniester coastal lake/ liman 0.5 km upstream 13653 Shabo– Roksolany section Marine waters 33899 Snake island 4515’ 3012’

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Monitoring station location Code of station (if Coordinates Type of any) Latitude Longitude station Grigorievskiy coastal lake/ Coastal 98091 Yuzhniy 4636’ 3101’ liman Sukhoi coastal lake/ liman 98088 Car ferry 4622’ 3039’ 98004 Dniester coastal lake/ liman Tsaregradskoe 4604’ 3028’ mouth Zhebrianskaya Bay 98002 Primoskoe 4531’ 2937’

Table 3. Coastal monitoring stations - State Azov-Black Sea Environmental Inspection (before 2011)

Monitoring station location Coordinates Latitude Longitude Yuznaya Bay, entry 4436’ 3331’ Kamishova Bay, entry 4445’ 3331’ Holland Bay, entry 4437’ 3330’ Yacht club, Konstantinovskiy Cape 4436’ 3331’ Karantinnaya Bay, entry 4436’ 3331’ Severnaya Bay, oil-harbor 4436’ 3334’ Heat station, 78 WW discharge point 4436’ 3334’ Nakhimova college, WW discharge point 80 4429’ 3331’ Inzhenernaya Bay, WW discharge point 82 4436’ 3335’ Vtorchermet, municipal WW discharge point 84 4436’ 3334’ Balaklava settlement, municipal WWTP, discharge point 86 4428’ 3330’ Sevastopol, municipal WWTP, discharge point 88 4431’ 3335’ Sevastopol, municipal WWTP, discharge point 90 4436’ 3331’ Evpatoria, municipal WWTP, discharge point 94 4510’ 3318’ Kacha settlement, discharge point 96 44 45’ 33 27’ Chernomorsk settlement, discharge point 98 4533’ 3241’

Table 4. Marine monitoring stations - Southern Scientific Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography (YugNIRO)

Monitoring station location/ LBS name Coordinates Latitude Longitude North-Western Part of the Black Sea 31,8876 45,7208 31,7273 45,7004 31,6683 45,6834 31,8758 45,3519 31,6834 45,2635 31,7239 45,2550 32,0827 45,6154 32,2903 45,5100 32,0692 45,3723 32,2801 45,3910 31,7777 45,8585 31,4860 45,4930 31,8049 45,4930 32,1013 45,4930

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Monitoring station location/ LBS name Coordinates Latitude Longitude 31,8184 45,1020 32,4556 45,4080 31,9028 45,8670 31,5963 45,7763 32,2194 45,7480 31,9141 45,7168 Azov Sea 36,0569 45,6136 35,9208 45,6503 36,2483 46,0717 35,7839 45,5181 36,7317 45,6239 36,1333 45,5353 35,5000 46,0000 36,2500 45,7500 36,3661 45,5672 36,2853 45,5167 34,9533 45,8369 34,9731 45,8428 35,2500 45,7500 35,5000 45,5833 35,3217 46,1328 35,8333 45,8333 36,4322 45,5633 36,5217 45,6478 Black Sea - near Kerch strait area 36,4000 44,8500 36,4833 44,8000 36,4833 44,9000 36,3167 44,9000 36,4000 44,9500 36,3167 44,8500 36,4333 44,8750 36,4833 44,8500 36,4333 44,8250 36,4000 44,8000 36,3667 44,8250 36,2500 44,8750 36,5500 44,8750 36,5500 44,8250 Kerch strait 36,4767 45,1933 36,5017 45,1983 36,5067 45,1253 36,5447 45,1253 36,4833 45,1667 36,5361 45,1694 36,5317 45,1933 36,5067 45,1807 36,5050 45,1671 36,4961 45,1503 36,5350 45,1503 36,5150 45,1431

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Monitoring station location/ LBS name Coordinates Latitude Longitude Kerch Bay, ports 36,4777 45,3389 36,4849 45,3443 36,4831 45,3512 36,4849 45,3523 36,4907 45,3531 36,4929 45,3555 36,4777 45,3389

Table 5. Monitoring stations - Regional Black Sea NGO Network

Monitoring station location/ LBS name Coordinates Pokrovka village, catchpits Center of the village Latitude: 46.480122 Longitude: 31.702096 Pokrovskoe village, catchpits Center of the village Latitude:46.537511 Longitude:31.610643 Vasilievka village, catchpits Center of the village Latitude:46.529481 Longitude:31.788356 Pokrovka village, waste waters of recreation center Center of the village Latitude:46.480122 Longitude:31.702096 Tashino village, waste waters of summer cattle site Latitude: 46.919366 Longitude: 31.116108 Chervonoukrainka village, Latitude: 46.732909 waste waters of summer cattle site Longitude: 31.182198

Table 6. Monitoring stations - Odessa Branch Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

Monitoring station Code of station (if Coordinates Type of station location/ LBS name any) Latitude Longitude Drainage waters Lanzheron Marine 46º 28´ 35 30º 45´ 57 discharge point Drainage waters Biostation Marine 46º 26´ 28 30º 46´ 22 discharge point Drainage waters Arkadia Marine 46º 25´ 28 30º 46´ 06 discharge point Drainage waters 10 station Fontan Marine 46º 24´ 41 30º 45´ 43 discharge point Drainage waters 14 station Fontan Marine 46º 23´ 48 30º 45´ 18 discharge point Drainage waters Bolshoi Fontan Marine 46º 23´ 11 30º 45´ 10 discharge point cape Waste waters discharge WWTP Pivdenna Marine 46º 21´ 27 30º 44´ 06 point Grigorievskiy coastal Grigorievka Marine 46º 37´ 32 31º 00´ 59 lake/ liman Danube, Bystriy ship Shpora River + Marine 45º 19´ 43 29º 47´ 27 canal

Table 7. Danube Hydrometeorological Observatory

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Monitoring station location/ LBS name Code of station Coordinates Type of (if any) station Latitude Longitude

Danube - , 2 km upstream 45,46362 28,24171 river

Danube - Reni, 2 km upstream 45,46181 28,24042 Danube - Reni, 1 km downstream 45,43112 28,28813 Danube - Reni, 1 km downstream 45,43112 28,28579 Danube, near Isakcha settlement 45,27712 28,49960 Danube, near Isakcha settlement 45,27458 28,49756 branch Kiliiskiy, - Izmail, 22 km upstream 45,23287 28,73864 branch Kiliiskiy - Izmail, 22 km upstream 45,23184 28,74026 branch Kiliiskiy - Izmail, 10 km upstream 45,29121 28,78806 branch Kiliiskiy - Izmail 45,33583 28,79389 branch Kiliiskiy – Izmail 45,33419 28,79537 branch Kiliiskiy - Izmail, 1 km downstream 45,31813 28,86630 branch Kiliiskiy - Izmail, 1 km downstream 45,31708 28,86673 branch Kiliiskiy - Izmail, 10,9 km downstream 45,29785 28,95514 branch Kiliiskiy - Izmail, 20,9 km downstream 45,36123 29,01697 branch Kiliiskiy – Kiliya, 15 km upstream 45,38270 29,12709 branch Kiliiskiy – Kiliya, 4 km upstream 45,43355 29,24041 branch Kiliiskiy – Kiliya, 6 km downstream 45,44083 29,34833 branch Kiliiskiy – Kiliya, 6 km downstream 45,44006 29,34711 branch Kiliiskiy – Kiliya, 13 km downstream 45,44472 29,43194 branch Kiliiskiy – Kiliya, 13 km downstream 45,44303 29,43278 branch Kiliiskiy – Vilkovo, 1 km upstream 45,40499 29,55698 branch Kiliiskiy – Vilkovo 45,40341 29,56628 branch Kiliiskiy – Vilkovo 45,40158 29,56477 branch Kiliiskiy – Vilkovo, 1 km downstream 45,39033 29,60576 branch Belgorodskiy 45,39636 29,59540 branch Prorva 45,48780 29,74542 branch Potapovskiy 45,46264 29,78016 branch Gneushev 45,41510 29,75925 branch Poludenniy 45,41005 29,75804 branch Bystiy 45,33866 29,76302 branch Bystiy 45,34239 29,66193 branch Vostochniy 45,30414 29,75111 branch Starostambulskiy 10 km 45,22613 29,73063 branch Starostambulskiy, mouth 45,32909 29,65863 Black Sea 139804009 45,48333 29,68333 marine Black Sea 139804010 45,50556 29,75472 Black Sea 139804011 45,55000 29,80000 Black Sea 139804012 45,50000 29,85000 Black Sea 139804013 45,46667 29,81667 Black Sea 139804014 45,40000 29,78333 Black Sea 139804015 45,40000 29,85000 Black Sea 139804016 45,33333 29,83333 Black Sea 139804017 45,33333 29,78333 Black Sea 139804018 45,28333 29,76667 Black Sea 139804019 45,20000 29,80000

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Data obtained by various monitoring networks are collected and processed in the databases of the organizations sustaining the monitoring. These databases are usually not available for general public. Monitoring data are also collected by the Information Analytical Center of the State Environmental Monitoring System (under the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine).

There are three types of end-uses: o End-users receiving monitoring data regularly according to signed agreements and regulations: local environmental authorities, administrations, governmental departments, territorial and central monitoring bodies, etc.; o End-users sending official requests for receiving monitoring data: research institutions, general public, etc.; o Mass media.

In general, Ukrainian organizations perform large volume of observations. Type of monitoring, geographical scope and list of parameters vary a lot; they depend upon monitoring tasks. Parameters, analytical methods and frequency of sampling for key organizations are presented below.

Table 8. Monitoring parameters, analytical methods and frequency of sampling

Frequency of Name of organisation Media Parameter Analytical method sampling per month/per year Oil products Infrared spectroscopy Anionic surfactants Photometric analysis Phenols (total) Photometric analysis Chromium (Сr6+) Photometric analysis Chlorinated pesticides (organic) (extract Gas-liquid chromatography preparation) Total phosphorus Photometric analysis Total nitrogen Photometric analysis Nitrate nitrogen Photometric analysis Ammonia nitrogen Photometric analysis Nitrite nitrogen Photometric analysis Phosphate phosphorous Photometric analysis Total mineralisation Calculation Water (river BOD5 Winkler method, modified 1-3 times per month and marine) Silicon Calculation 4-36 times per year Marine branch of Ukrainian Calcium Winkler method, modified Hydrometeorological Institute Hydrocarbonates Calculation Chlorides Winkler method, modified COD Calculation Permanganate (chemical Volume method oxygen demand) Sulphates Weight method SS Weight method Magnesium Calculation Dissolved oxygen Winkler method, modified Total alkalinity Volume-analytical method Salinity Electrometric method рН Electrometric method Hydrogen sulfide Volume-analytical method Oil products Infrared spectrophotometry - / 2 Phenols (total) Photometric analysis Sediments Chlorinated pesticides Gas-liquid chromatography - / 1 (organic)

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Frequency of Name of organisation Media Parameter Analytical method sampling per month/per year Surface:, 5,10,20times per month, near- Temperature bottom: 30 times per month Surface: 5,10, 20times per month, near- Salinity electrometric method bottom: 30 times per month Surface: 5,10, 20times per month, near- рН electrometric method bottom: 30 times per month Surface: 1-3 times per Transparency Optical method month Surface: 5, 10, 20times per month, near- Dissolved oxygen Winkler method, electrochemical bottom: 1-3 times per month Surface: 5, 10, 20times per month, near- Ammonia nitrogen Spectrophotometric method bottom: 1-3 times per month Spectrophotometric method Surface: 5, 10, 20times

per month, near- Nitrite nitrogen bottom: 1-3 times per

month

Spectrophotometric method Surface: 5, 10, 20times Nitrate nitrogen per month

Spectrophotometric method Surface: 5, 10, 20times

per month, near- Total nitrogen bottom: 1-3 times per

month

Spectrophotometric method Surface: 5, 10, 20times

per month, near- Phosphate phosphorous bottom: 1-3 times per

month

Spectrophotometric method Surface: 5, 10, 20times Hydrometeorological Center of Water per month, near- Black and Azov Seas Total phosphorous bottom: 1-3 times per month Spectrophotometric method Surface: 5, 10, 20times per month, near- Silicon bottom: 1-3 times per month Surface: 5, 10, 20times Titration analysis, electrometric per month, near- Alkalinity method bottom: 1-3 times per month Surface: 5,10, 20times per month, near- Oil products Fluorescence method bottom: 1-3 times per month Spectrophotometric method Surface: 5, 10, 20times per month, near- Anionic surfactants bottom1-3 times per month Spectrophotometric method Surface: 5,10, 20times per month, near- Phenols bottom: 1-3 times per month Surface: 5,10, 20times Hydrogen sulfide Titration analysis per month

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Frequency of Name of organisation Media Parameter Analytical method sampling per month/per year Surface: 5,10, 20times Chlorinated pesticides Chromatography per month, near-bottom (organic) : 1-3 times per month Temperature, (°С) 4 – 25times per year Salinity, (‰) Electrometric method 4 – 25times per year рН Electrometric c method 4 – 25times per year Dissolved oxygen, (millimole/l O2) Winkler method, electrochemical 4 – 25times per year SS, (mg/l) Spectrophotometric analysis 4 – 25times per year Transparency on Secchi disk Optical method 4 – 25times per year (m) BOD5 (millimole/l O2) Winkler method 4 – 25times per year Organic carbon, (mg/l) Spectrophotometric method 4 – 25times per year Hydrogen sulfide, (mg/l) Spectrophotometric method Water 4 – 25times per year Phosphates, (millimole/l P) Spectrophotometric method 4 – 25times per year Total phosphorus, Spectrophotometric method 4 – 25times per year (millimole/l P) Ammonium, (millimole/l N) Spectrophotometric method 4 – 25times per year Nitrites, (millimole/l N) Spectrophotometric method Ukrainian Scientific Centre of 4 – 25times per year Ecology of the Sea Nitrates, (millimole/l N) Spectrophotometric method 4 – 25times per year Total nitrogen, (millimole/l N) Spectrophotometric method 4 – 25times per year Silicates, (millimole/l Si) Spectrophotometric method 4 – 25times per year Iron Spectrometric method 4times per year Manganese Spectrometric method 4times per year Zinc Spectrometric method 4times per year Cobalt Spectrometric method 4times per year Arsenic Spectrometric method 4times per year Mercury Spectrometric method 4times per year Cooper Spectrometric method 4times per year Cadmium Spectrometric method Water, 4times per year sediments Lead Spectrometric method 4times per year Nickel Spectrometric method 4times per year Chromium Spectrometric method 4times per year Metaphos 4 times per year Chromatography Ukrainian Scientific Centre of Chlorophosum 4 times per year Ecology of the Sea Chromatography Phosalone 4 times per year Chromatography Hexachlorbenzol 4 times per year Chromatography

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Frequency of Name of organisation Media Parameter Analytical method sampling per month/per year Heptachlor 4 times per year Chromatography DDT 4 times per year Chromatography DDD 4 times per year Chromatography DDE 4 times per year Chromatography DDT - total 4 times per year Chromatography -HCCH 4 times per year Chromatography (hexachlorocyclohexane) β-HCCH 4 times per year Chromatography -HCCH 4 times per year Chromatography HCCH – total 4 times per year Chromatography Aldrin 4 times per year Chromatography Octochrlorstirol 4 times per year Chromatography Heptachlor-epoxide 4 times per year Chromatography Trans-Chloridane 4 times per year Chromatography Cis-Chloridane 4 times per year Chromatography Trans-nanochlor 4 times per year Chromatography Triphluraline 4 times per year Chromatography Mirex 4 times per year Chromatography Photomirex 4 times per year Chromatography Cis-nanochlor 4 times per year Chromatography Polychlorobiphényles #18, 4 times per year #28, #31, #52, #99, #101, #105, #118, #128, #138, Chromatography #153, #156, #170, #180, #183, #187, #195, #209, Polychlorobiphényles – total 4 times per year Ukrainian Scientific Centre of Water, Chromatography Ecology of the Sea sediments Oil (petroleum Infrared spectroscopy, 4 times per year hydrocarbons) Chromatography Phenols 4 times per year Chromatography Anionic surfactants, 4 times per year Chromatography detergents Naphthalene 4 times per year Chromatography Acenaphtylene 4 times per year Chromatography Phluorene 4 times per year Chromatography

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Frequency of Name of organisation Media Parameter Analytical method sampling per month/per year Acenaphtene 4 times per year Chromatography Phenanthrene 4 times per year Chromatography Anthracene 4 times per year Chromatography Phluorantene 4 times per year Chromatography Pyrene 4 times per year Chromatography B(a)anthracene 4 times per year Chromatography Crysene 4 times per year Chromatography B(b)phluoranthene 4 times per year Chromatography B(k)phluoranthene 4 times per year Chromatography B(a)pyrene 4 times per year Chromatography Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene 4 times per year Chromatography Indeno(1,2,3 cd)pyrene 4 times per year Chromatography B(g,h,i)perylene 4 times per year Chromatography Total PAH Chromatography 4times per year Biota Phytoplankton, zooplankton, 4 – 20times per year benthos Nitrogen group Phosphates Anionic surfactants Chlorides SS State Azov-Black Sea COD 1-4 per month / Water Physical-chemical methods Environmental Inspection Dissolved oxygen 6-45 per year Oil products pH Salinity BOD5 Mineralisation Bathometric, electrometric Surface, near bottom Temperature method 1-4 times per year Surface, near bottom Salinity Electrometric method 1-4 times per year Surface, near bottom рН Electrometric method 1-4 time per year Surface, near bottom Transparency Transparency disk 1-4 times per year Southern Scientific Research Winkler method, titration Surface, near bottom Institute of Marine Fisheries Water Dissolved oxygen analysis 1-4 times per year and Oceanography Surface, near bottom BOD5 Titration analysis 1-4 times per year Surface, near bottom Ammonia nitrogen Spectrophotometric method 1-4 times per year Surface, near bottom Nitrite nitrogen Spectrophotometric method 1-4times per year Surface, near bottom Nitrate nitrogen Spectrophotometric method 1-4times per year

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Frequency of Name of organisation Media Parameter Analytical method sampling per month/per year Surface, near bottom Phosphate phosphorous Spectrophotometric method 1-4 times per year Surface, near bottom Oil products Infrared spectrometry 1-4 times per year Chlorinated pesticides Surface, near bottom Gas-liquid chromatography (organic): DDT group, PHB 1 time per year Heavy metals: Hg, Cu, Pb, atomic absorption spectrometry Surface, near bottom Cd, Cr – with and without flame 1 time per year Temperature pH transparency turbidity SS Nitrite nitrogen Dissolved oxygen Alkalinity Dry residue Sulphates Regional Black Sea NGO Chlorides When necessary, in Water Physical-chemical methods Network Calcium certified laboratory Magnesium Phosphates Total iron Chromium IV Chromium ІІІ Cooper Zinc Nickel Cadmium Oil products, etc.

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