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Energy Management in South East Europe (Achievements and Prospects)

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Energy Management in South East Europe (Achievements and Prospects) Venelin Tsachevsky Energy management in South East Europe (Achievements and Prospects) Electronic Publications of Pan-European Institute 2/2013 ISSN 1795 - 5076 Energy management in South East Europe (Achievements and Prospects) Venelin Tsachevsky1 2/2013 Electronic Publications of Pan-European Institute http://www.utu.fi/pei Opinions and views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect those of the Pan-European Institute or its staff members. 1 Venelin Tsachevsky was born in 1948 in Sofia. In 1975 he got a Ph.D. degree on international economic relations and in 1989 a second Ph.D. on international relations. Professor of political studies in several Bulgarian Universities. In 2007 - 2009 he was a guest professor at Helsinki University on South Eastern and Bulgaria’s development and foreign policy. VenelinTsachevsky is author of around 300 publications about the development and foreign policy of Bulgaria, the regional cooperation and integration of the Balkan countries to the European Union and NATO. In 2003 - 2006 he was Ambassador of Bulgaria to Finland. Venelin Tsachevsky PEI Electronic Publications 2/2013 www.utu.fi/pei Contents PART I: SOUTH EAST EUROPE AT THE START OF 21st CENTURY ........................ 1 1. Which countries constitute South East Europe? ..................................................... 1 2. Specific place of the region in Europe .................................................................... 5 3. Governance and political transformation ................................................................ 8 4. Economic development ........................................................................................ 11 5. Regional cooperation ........................................................................................... 14 6. Participation in the European integration .............................................................. 17 PART II: SOUTH EAST EUROPE’S ENERGY POTENTIAL ....................................... 23 1. Energy resources ................................................................................................. 23 2. Production, consumption, imports and exports of energy resources ..................... 24 3. Electrical energy production ................................................................................. 26 4. Nuclear energy..................................................................................................... 28 5. Other sources of electricity ................................................................................... 30 6. Energy mix and energy import dependence ......................................................... 30 7. Energy sector of SEE economy ........................................................................... 34 PART III: SOUTH EAST EUROPE’S ENERGY SECTOR AND ENERGY POLICY ..... 37 1. Albania ................................................................................................................. 37 2. Bosnia and Herzegovina ...................................................................................... 41 3. Bulgaria................................................................................................................ 44 4. Croatia ................................................................................................................. 51 5. Greece ................................................................................................................. 55 6. Republic of Macedonia ......................................................................................... 58 7. Kosovo ................................................................................................................. 62 8. Montenegro .......................................................................................................... 66 9. Romania .............................................................................................................. 71 10. Serbia .................................................................................................................. 77 11. Slovenia ............................................................................................................... 81 12. Turkey .................................................................................................................. 85 PART IV: REGIONAL COOPERATION IN THE ENERGY DOMAIN ........................... 91 1. Evolution of the regional energy cooperation ....................................................... 91 2. The energy community ......................................................................................... 94 PART V: REGIONAL ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS ........................... 105 1. SEE as a transit energy corridor ........................................................................ 105 2. The biggest oil infrastructure projects ................................................................. 108 3. The Southern gas corridor ................................................................................. 112 4. South Stream gas pipeline project ...................................................................... 118 Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 124 Venelin Tsachevsky PEI Electronic Publications 2/2013 www.utu.fi/pei References ............................................................................................................... 131 PART I ................................................................................................................. 131 PART II ................................................................................................................ 131 PART III ............................................................................................................... 132 1. Albania ........................................................................................................... 132 2. Bosnia and Herzegovina ................................................................................ 132 3. Bulgaria .......................................................................................................... 133 4. Croatia ........................................................................................................... 133 5. Greece ........................................................................................................... 134 6. Republic of Macedonia ................................................................................... 134 7. Kosovo ........................................................................................................... 134 8. Montenegro .................................................................................................... 135 9. Romania ......................................................................................................... 135 10. Serbia ............................................................................................................. 136 11. Slovenia ......................................................................................................... 137 12. Turkey ............................................................................................................ 137 PART IV ............................................................................................................... 138 1. Evolution of the regional energy cooperation .................................................. 138 2. The energy community ................................................................................... 138 PART V ................................................................................................................ 139 1. SEE as a transit energy corridor ..................................................................... 139 2. The biggest oil infrastructure projects ............................................................. 140 3. The Southern gas corridor .............................................................................. 140 4. South Stream gas pipeline project .................................................................. 141 Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 141 Appendices ............................................................................................................... 142 Summary .................................................................................................................. 197 SEE energy profile ............................................................................................... 197 Energy sector and energy policy of the SEE countries ......................................... 199 Regional cooperation in the energy sphere .......................................................... 214 Regional energy infrastructure projects ................................................................ 216 Prospects ............................................................................................................. 217 About the author ....................................................................................................... 221 Venelin Tsachevsky PEI Electronic Publications 2/2013 www.utu.fi/pei Tables Table 1. SEE countries in Europe (2010) ...................................................................... 6 Table 2. GDP per capita in SEE (Index EC=100) .......................................................
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